Keys to Test 1

Unit1. Welcome and farewell.Part A. intensive listeningPhonetics: A B A D CDictation:1.Flight AF 463 to Paris is now boarding at Gate number 7.2.This is the final call for flight No. AZ 963 to Rome.3.I’d like to make a reservation for a flight to Boston on Nov. 28th.4.Do you have a single room available tomorrow night?5.I’m looking forward to our future cooperation.6.I’ll need an economy ticket with an open return.7.I’d like to have my laundry by 9 o’clock tomorrow morning.8.Thank you for all your help during our stay here in China.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: B C B B D1.W: do you have anything particular to declare?M: No. I don’t think so. I haven’t got anything dutiable with me.Q: where does the conversation most probably take place?2. M: will you attend the Fair in Tianjin in two days?W: No. I’m leaving Tianjin for Shanghai tomorrow morning for a 3-day meeting, and will visit Guangzhou afterwards.Q: where is the man going tomorrow?3.W: your flight will be departing from Gate 18. the boarding time is 8:45 and yourflight leaves at 9:15, have a nice journey!M: thank you very much.Q: what time does the man’s flight depart?4.M: did you enjoy your flight?W: Not really, I was a little airsick when the plane experienced a few bumps.Q: how does the woman like her flight?5.W: room reservation, good afternoon.M: I’d like to book a double room for Tuesday next week.Q: what’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? Conversation:Meeting a foreign businessman at the airportMr. Wang: excuse me, sir, but are you Mr. Stone from New York?Mr. Stone: Yes, I am Michael Stone, the sales manager of ABC Import & Export Company, Ltd.Mr. Wang: I am Wang Qiang from Eastern Electronics Company. I’ve come to meet you, Mr. Stone.Mr. Stone: how are you, Mr. Wang? Thank you for coming to the airport to meet me. Mr. Wang: it’s my pleasure. How many people are there in your party?Mr. Stone: only two. This is Miss White, my assistant.Mr. Wang: nice to meet you, Miss White.Miss. White: nice to meet you too, Mr. Wang.Mr. Stone: I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for long, but the flight was delayed 30 minutes. If it weren’t for the heavy fog, we would have been here by 2:00pm.Mr. Wang: never mind. I was stuck in traffic, too.Mr. Stone: where are we heading now?Mr. Wang: I guess you must be very tired after the long trip, so it is best if we go to your hotel to check in first. If you don’t mind, we’d like to accommodate you at Sheraton Hotel.Mr. Stone: terrific! That’s very considerate of you.(on the way)Mr. Stone: how far is it to the hotel?Mr. Wang: about 45 minutes. Is this your first time here in Tianjin, Mr. Stone?Mr. Stone: yes. We’ve never been here before.Mr. Wang: so you might as well have a look at the city along the way. And we’ll show you around the city after our business.Mr. Stone: that would be great! Thank you very much.Section A: B C B D APart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationConversation: Bon VoyageWang: it’s a shame that you can not stay in Beijing for a few more days, Mr. Knox! Knox: Yes, I’d like to, very much indeed. But I have to rush home and preside over the committee meeting. Anyhow, I really enjoyed every minute of my stay here, your warm reception, as well as your working enthusiasm have left me a deep and vivid impression and helped make my trip a productive one. Wang: it’s very kind of you to say so. Through beautiful negotiation we finally have all the disputes solved and the contract signed. I’m sure our initial transaction will pave the way for further cooperation between our two companies. We’ve been brought closer to each other by this transaction. It’s essential for us, or fora country, to strengthen economic contact with the outside world, isn’t it? Knox: I quite agree with you. In the long run, it makes sense for a nation to specialize in certain activities, producing the goods in which it has the most advantages and exchanging them for those in which it does not have the advantages. Wang: you seem to be an economist, Mr. Knox!Knox: you are to blame for it, Wang. If you hadn’t started this talk about a country’s…well, let’s drop this topic. Economist or not, I hope business between us will prosper. Then we’ll have more opportunities to meet each other. To tell you the truth, I find it very hard to say goodbye. I shall bemissing you, Wang.Wang: me too, I shall be looking forward to your visit again.Knox: next time I come, I shall see more of the city. And I’ve got to try Beijing Roast Duck again, very impressive. But listen, are they announcing my flight? I’m afraid I have to board the plane now.Wang: Bon V oyage, Mr. Knox!Knox: Good-bye. Let’s keep in contact.Wang: Good-bye and take care.Section A: F F T T TUnit 2. Companies and Occupations.Part A. intensive listeningPhonetics: B A D C ADictation:1.Our market share in China has increased by 6%, accounting for 15%.2.How many sections come under the Production Department?3.We have 70330employees world-wide and sales of $19806 million.4.The world wide company has operations in more than 100 countries.5.Secretaries who receive visitors are called receptionists.6.Business hours usually start at 9 am. And finish at 5 pm., Monday to Friday.7.Most of our work consists of looking after the taxation and financial affairs.8.In the United States alone we have a turnover of over $1 billion annually.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: D A D C B1.M: I’ve got a job offer in P&J Chemicals. Do you think I should take it?W: well, I’m not quite familiar with it. You’d better do some research on the internet.Q: what does the woman think of P&J Chemicals?2.W: I’d appreciate your professional opinion. Do you think that I should sue thecompany?M: not really. I think that we can settle this out of court.Q: what is the probable relationship between the two speakers?3.M: should I come for an interview?W: I’ll let you know in two weeks when I hear from the Personnel Department.Q: when should the man come for an interview?4.W: may I have a look around your company?M: sure, I’ll show you. This way please. The canteen is on the ground floor, the Personnel Department and the Sales are on the second floor. And you’ll find our biggest department on the third floor, which is the Production Department.Q: on which floor is the Sales Department?5. M: Good morning. I’m John Green from General Sales Company. I have anappointment with Mr. Smith of the Purchasing Department at ten W: Good morning. Mr. Smith’s office is on the third floor. You can take the lift around the corner.Q: which department does the woman work at?Conversation:McDonald’sTom: Where are we having lunch today?Mary: Since we are visiting another client at 1:30, I guess we’ll just grab sth at McDonald’s. what do you think?Tom: that’s pk with me. We don’t need to bother finding a place to eat, because you can find McDonal d’s everywhere. Bur do you know the history of the bigM?Mary: not really, you seem to be an expert on that. Tell me some. Did a person named McDonald start it?Tom: yes, actually brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald opened their first restaurant in California in 1940.Mary: it has many restaurants around the world now.Tom: quite right. It’s one of the two most recognized and powerful brands in the world. The other is Coca Cola, the only soft drink supplier to McDonal d’s today.McDonal d’s operates over 32000 restaurants in 119 countries worldwide, employing more than 1.5 million people. It is growing with an average of 396 new restaurants to the system annually in the past five years. This means a new McDonal d’s will open somewhere in the world every single day.Mary: incredible! I wonder how much they make!Tom: sales across all of its company-owned and franchised restaurants totaled $56.9 billion in 2009. its revenues were of $22.7 billion and the net profit amountsto $4.3 billion.Mary: very good business. Do you know when we had the first McDonal d’s in Beijing?Tom: if I’m not wrong. It was 1992. the date , yes, April 23. but actually McDonal d’s very first appearance in China was in Shenzhen on October 8, 1990.Mary: you seem to know everything! Did you work there?Tom: No, I just came across an article in the newspaper the other day!Part C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationConversation: a job interviewInterviewer: thank you for coming to see us, Emily. Have a seat please. Now, I’d like to start by checking a few details with you.Emily: OKInterviewer: your resume says you worked in ABC Electronics, when did you join it? Emily: five years ago. It is a large international company, which provided a trainee program for people from university and, well that was my first job, trainee marketing manager.Interviewer: what exactly did you do?Emily: well, the program lasted 18 months. During that time I worked in different departments—in personnel, purchasing, marketing and such things. O also went out with the sales representatives to visit customers.Interviewer: did you enjoy it?Emily: yes, I did. I didn’t really know what I wanted to do when I left university, so it was god to see what the different departments did. I was really practical. Interviewer: it sounds interesting.Emily: yes, it was. But it was very badly paid. I did the same work as other people. I think a lot of the trainees feel they are a cheap source of labor. Interviewer: how long did you stay there?Emily: till the end of the trainee program. And then I saw a job vacancy in the marketing department of GM, and I applied for a job there. That’s where I work now.Interviewer: but why do you want to leave now?Emily: I want sth more challenging. And I want a job closer to home, too. Interviewer:all right, and what career development are you looking for in our company?Unit 3. products and salesPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: A B D C CDictation:1.we will allow you another 2% discount for its new product.2.the pants are available in four different colors and three sizes.3.our machine is of better quality though the price is a little higher.4.there is a close relationship between building a reputation and establishinggoodwill.pared with competing products, ours is smaller and lighter.6.we have a wide selection of shirts that will appeal to all ages.7.our company relies on quick sales and low profits.8.the sales reached a peak of 850 million in 2006, before falling to under 600million in 2008.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: A B D A C1．W: Do you think we should put an ad in the newspaper for the new product?M: by all means.Q: what does the man think of n ad in the newspaper?2．M: is it the latest model you have?W: Yes, this model is specially designed for personal cyclists. It’s got Italian frame and Japanese components.Q: what product are they talking about?3．W: In what newspapers, magazines or websites does your company advertise?M: we send brochures and samples to our potential customers. That’s more direct.Q: how does the man’s company advertise?4．M: any news from the annual conference?W: yes. The sales of this year are reported to be 120 million, increased by 20% compared with last year.Q: what were the sales last year?5. W: I’d like to get some information about your vacuum cleaner.M: OK. Unlike any other vacuum cleaner, ours is unique. It has some space age design features. Most importantly, there’s no bag inside.Q: what do we learn about the vacuum cleaner?Conversation:Section A: C B D A CPart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationSection A1.warranty2.selling price\3.yearly on-site maintenance service after one-year warranty period4.money-back guarantee5.free deliveryUnit 4. MarketingPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: B D A B BDictation:1.From what I’ve heard, you’re already well up in shipping work.2.I’m sorry to say that your price has soared.3.the next thing I’d like to bring up for discussion is insurance.4.it would be very difficult for us to push any sakes if we buy it at this price.5.we wish our opinions on marketing will be passed on to our manager.6.we sell our goods on loaded weight and not on landed weight.7.it’s too expensive, do you have any discount?8.we can effect shipment in December or early next year at the latest.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: A C D D B1.M: How many do you intend to order?W: I want to order 900 dozen.M: the most we can offer you at present is 600 dozen.Q: how many can the woman order?2.M: TV is much more effective to advertise our new product, but it will cost a lotof money.W: it is worth doing so as long as the result is satisfactory.Q: what does the woman mean?3.W: could we use booklets, letters, and catalogues for direct mail advertising?M: Yes. But you should build up a mailing list of possible customers for direct mail advertising.Q: what should the woman do first?4.W: you are going to Chicago tomorrow, aren’t you?M: Yes. I thought I’d fly, but then I decided that taking a Greyhound bus would be cheaper than driving or flying.Q: how will the man get to Chicago?5. M: I intend to get in the American market, but we know little about the localconditions and preferences.W: market research can help.Q: what does the woman mean?Conversation:Section A: F T F T FSection B:1.advertising\promotional2.on television\in a national newspaper3.posters\point-of-sales displays4.experienced salespeople5.high\T-shirts\umbrellaPart C. Listening & Speaking Integration Section A:1.have very little knowledge\blaze a trial2.defend and compete against3.various kinds and in scorching competition4.keep good relations and co-operationsUnit 5. Business FairsPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: B D D C ADictation:1.I’m calling to inform you that we have decided to make the purchase.2.do you have any plans to sell in Europe?3.our company is ranked second in the business.4.we doubled our output in this department as a result.5.we could make a delivery of this parcel as soon as possible.6.we find our price 25% higher compared with other companies’.7.how much does she have to pay if she stays for 3 days?8.the new company can give him 2000 dollars a month as a start.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: C B D C D1. W: Do you think we should park the car downtown?M: it’s hard to find a place.Q: what does the man mean?2. M: if I place an order on this product, when can you deliver them?W: f or these products, we can arrange shipment at once. It would take longer, say, three months, if you want to order special designs.Q: when can products of special design delivered?3. W: are you glad that you came to work in Washington?M: Yes. Indeed. I’d considered going to New York or Boston, but I’ve never regretted my decision.Q: where does the man live now?4. M: registration always takes so long.W: what bothers me is all the people who cut in line.Q: what bothers the woman?5. M: did you buy your car from that dealer in the city?W: he went out of business last week.Q: what does the woman mean about the car dealer?Conversation:Section A: B D C B CSection B:1.calling from\get some information2.vacant suites\conference hall3.the experts\get the VIP treatment4.the reservation form\by fax5. 1000 RMB Yuan or 120 US DollarsPart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationSection A:1.china international agricultural machinery exhibition2.concerning agriculture\increase the farmers’ income\supporting policies and laws3.\0086-10-68596444Test IPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: A C B C B D D A B CDictation:1.can you give me an account of your product?2.I want to take part in the exhibition in Miami.3.I know the factory is operating at full capacity.4.I suggest we ride the subway back to our hotel and rest for a while.5.my watch reads 11:30, so we have about 45 minutes to get there.6.have you filled in the Customs Declaration Form?7.we have to arrive at the airport one hour earlier.8.the company was established in 1990 and we have about 1500 employees now.9.our net profits were over 100 million US dollars last year.10.I think some of the items may find a ready market in our country.Part B. Extensive listening-----Dialogues: D B A A B1. W: Jack, have you finished your research paper for economics?M: not yet. I always seem to put things off until the last minute.Q: what are they talking about?2. M: this black bag is $ 2.00 and that blue one is a dollar more.W: the red one is twice as much as the blue one.Q: how much is the red bag?3. W: watching the news on TV is a good way to learn English.M: it’s especially helpful when you check out the same information in the newspaper.Q: what are they talking about?4. M: I like to travel by air. I like getting different places fast. Do you like travelingby air?W: flying makes me nervous. I like feeling the ground under my feet. Traveling by rail and road are my favorite ways of traveling.Q: what does the woman feel about traveling by air?5. W: I’d like to cash this check.M: please sign the back. Do you have any account here?Q: what does the man ask the woman to do to cash money?Passage: D A B C BConversation: Leather products\leather garments\Europe\ FOB ShanghaiPart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationSection A:Newspapers, magazines, online, E-mail, blog, Facebook, twitter and cinema advertising.Making counter displays for dealers to exhibit in their shops.。

python中keys的用法_在Python中用keys方法返回字
典键的教程
在Python中，`keys(` 方法用于返回一个包含字典中所有键的列表。

该方法适用于字典数据类型。

以下是使用`keys(` 方法的示例代码：
```python
#创建一个字典
d={"a":1,"b":2,"c":3}
# 使用 keys( 方法返回字典的键列表
keys = d.keys
#打印键列表
print(keys) # 输出结果：dict_keys(['a', 'b', 'c'])
#遍历字典的键并打印每个键
for key in keys:
print(key) # 输出结果：a、b、c
```
在上面的示例中，`keys(` 方法返回一个 `dict_keys` 对象，它是
一个包含字典中所有键的集合。

你可以在需要的时候将其转换为列表，使
用 `list(keys)`。

`dict_keys` 对象可以用于迭代，使你能够遍历字典的键并执行相应的操作。

在示例中，我们使用 `for` 循环遍历键列表并打印每个键。

需要注意的是，`dict_keys` 对象是动态的，它会自动反映出字典中键的任何更改。

所以，如果在迭代过程中修改了字典，`dict_keys` 对象将会反映出这些更改。

希望这个教程能够帮助你理解 `keys(` 方法的用法。

Keys to Model Test OnePart I WritingSample:On Saving FoodAs we can see from the picture, a big tall man is throwing away leftovers which are quite a lot and seem delicious, while in the dustbin a skinny little man keeps his mouth wide open, eagerly waiting for something to eat. The picture implicitly raises the question of wasting food, which has been a major issue world wide.Food waste means wasting money as well as wasting precious resources. When food is thrown away, it becomes rubbish whic h can be harmful to the environment and people’s health. And it should also be noticed that there are millions of people suffering from hunger all over the world. Therefore, it’s shameful to waste food.For all of us, it’s meaningful to join in the “Clean Your Plate Campaign”, which helps us realize how difficult it is for a grain of rice to come on our plate and how important it is to save food. It’s wise to order a proper amount of food when dining out. If there’re leftovers, it’s better to take them home. To save food, we should start with ourselves and start from now.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1.A2. B3. D4. A5. C6. A7. C8. C9. A 10. B 11. D 12.A 13. D 14. B 15. CSection B16. D 17.A 18. D 19.B 20.B 21.C 22.A 23.C 24.A 25.C Section C26.reaches 27.a wide range of 28.advanced 29.isolation 30.Transforming 31.close to 32.profoundly 33.unreliable 34.gather data effectively 35.measurePart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36.L 37.A 38.F 39.E 40.O 41.D 42.J 43.H 44.C 45.NSection B46.D 47.F 48.B 49.H 50.C 51.I 52.D 53.A 54.H 55.GSection C56.B 57.D 58.B 59.D 60.A 61.D 62.B 63.A 64.D 65.BPart IV TranslationIt’s recorded that Chinese lanterns originated from the period of the Western Han Dynasty 1800 years ago. In the Tang Dynasty, lanterns got connected with Buddhism, since when lighting lanterns has become a part of official activities to celebrate the Lantern Festival. Colored lanternsof different regions have their own distinctive styles and lanterns of different shapes also convey different messages. During the festival, riddles are written on some lanterns. To guess those riddles on lanterns is a traditional entertainment popular among people. Because of the festive atmosphere they bring, lanterns, especially the red ones, are also used in other festivals for decoration.Keys to Model Test TwoPart I WritingSample:Attend Your Classes RegularlyNowadays, it is very common that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And some students slip out of classrooms before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers.As to the reason for that, both the students and the teachers have fault of their own. Compared with middle school students, college students have relatively more “freedom”. If they are not strict with themselves, they probably will oversleep in the morning, surf on the Internet or find other activities to entertain themselves during class hours. On the other hand, some teachers still conduct classes in the old fashioned way, which makes their classes so boring that many students fall asleep.Despite all those excuses for not attending classes regularly, I firmly believe that it is crucial for students to attend their classes regularly, for it ensures students to catch up with teachers in their learning. What’s more, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is imperative for students in their future jobs. Therefore, university students should attend classes regularly.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1.A2.C3. D4. A5. B6. B7. D8. D9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. DSection B16.B 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. B Section C26. predict 27. outlive 28. explanation 29. are also linked to 30.length 31. a number of 32. photographed 33. perceived34. made no difference 35. tougherPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36.M 37.G 38.K 39.F 40.I 41.L 42.O 43.D 44.A 45.ESection B46.G 47.C 48.A 49.D 50.E 51.E 52.B 53.I 54.H 55.F56.C 57.C 58.B 59.A 60.B 61.D 62.B 63.B 64.C 65.D Part IV TranslationThe 15th day of the eighth month in the lunar calendar is the Mid-Autumn Festival, one of the most important traditional festivals of China. According to researches, the Chinese have had the custom of celebrating the harvest during the autumn full moon since the Shang Dynasty. The celebration as a festival started to gain popularity during the early Tang Dynasty. Gradually, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become a day for family reunion, as Thanksgiving Day in the United States. In the evening, people hang up lanterns, sit around a table to have dinner and moon cakes when looking at the bright moon. The festival was listed as an “intangible cultural heritage” of China in 2006 and was made a Chinese public holiday in 2008.Keys to Model Test ThreePart I WritingSample:Employment Problem of College GraduatesAs we can see from the chart, the contract signing rate of both undergraduates and postgraduates in 2013 is obviously lower than that in 2012. The figures in the chart indicate that Chinese graduates are facing a tough problem of finding jobs in the fierce competition.The most direct reason of this problem is the increasing enrollment of college students. However, the job market gets shrinking, as a result of which a large number of students cannot get hired. At the same time, college students should also be held responsible for this, for they either have unrealistic expectations of jobs or they cannot meet the job requirements.As far as I’m concerned, pressure is not only an obstacle but also a motivity. As college students, we must work harder than ever before to keep our competitiveness. Meanwhile, the Government should try to promote employment of college graduates by working out preferential policies. Only through the combined efforts, can this problem be relieved and solved eventually.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A2.A 2.B3. D4. A5. B6. C7. A8. D9. C 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. D 14. D 15. ASection B16.B 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C 21. A 22 .A 23. D 24 .A 25. D Section C26. are expected to 27. product 28. burning 29. agents30. ahead of 31. current 32. remain 33. approaches34. vital 35. makes good sensePart III Reading Comprehension36.D 37.L 38.I 39.A 40.H 41.O 42.M 43.C 44.G 45.ESection B46.B 47.H 48.B 49.I 50.D 51.E 52.G 53.E 54.I 55.ASection C56.C 57.C 58.A 59.B 60.C 61.D 62.A 63.C 64.A 65.B Part IV TranslationKunqu is one of the oldest forms of Chinese traditional operas. It was developed during the early Ming Dynasty and dominated Chinese theatre in the Ming and the Qing Dynasty. By far, it has had a history of more than 600 years. Many Chinese traditional operas, including Beijing opera, have been developed on the basis of Kunqu, for which it is reputed as “the mother of Chinese opera”. Kunqu was listed as “one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity” by UNESCO in 2001. China has become one of the 19 countries to get such a special honor for the first time.Keys to Model Test FourPart I WritingSample:On TV Dating ShowsTV dating shows are getting increasingly popular among C hina’s national and local TV programs nowadays. The top-rated TV dating show —“If You Are the One”has attracted thousands of people to participate, and many more to watch.It’s easy to understand their popularity, for there is an increasing number of single men and women at marriageable age who are too busy to find their soul mates. What’s more, we cannot deny that these programs bring great entertainment and relaxation to the viewers. In contrast, some people are strongly opposed to them, arguing that the participants are not pursuing love but fame and that the programs promote some incorrect social and love values such as money-worship.From my point of view, such TV shows are just for entertainment and should not be confused with real life and the quest for marriage. But it should also be noted that those shows do reflect some realities in the fast-changing Chinese society. What we need to do is to face up to them instead of holding those shows responsible.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. B2.C3. C4. B5. B6. D7. A8. D9. A 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. BSection B16.C 17.A 18.C 19.C 20.C 21.A 22.D 23.B 24.A 25.C Section C26. concluded 27. at higher risk of 28. actually 29. develop30. turns out to be 31. height 32. in poor shape 33. associated 34. professionals 35. look down onPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36.J 37.L 38.G 39.F 40.K 41.B 42.C 43.M 44.D 45.ISection B46.C 47.C 48.I 49.E 50.C 51.D 52.G 53.A 54.F 55.BSection C56.C 57.D 58.C 59.B 60.A 61.B 62.D 63.B 64.C 65.CPart IV TranslationOne of China’s six ancient capital cities, Hangzhou has a history of more than 2, 000 years. It is well known to the world not only for the beauty of the West Lake but also for its cultural tr aditions. Reputed as “the home of silk” in China, Hangzhou boasts silk products in a great variety, among which the brocade is especially attractive. The earliest silk school in China Silkworm School was also located in Hangzhou. It was found in 1897, marking the beginning of China’s modern silk textiles education. Zhejiang Sci-tech University grew out of it.Keys to Model Test FivePart I WritingSample:An Application LetterJune 23, 2013Dear Sir or Madam,I’m sending this letter to apply for the part-time hotel receptionist position, which you advertised in the People’s Daily on Sunday.I believe I have the required qualities for the position. First of all, I am easy-going, kind-hearted and patient, which I think are the imperative traits for being a good waitress. At present, I am a junior majoring in Business Management from Zhejiang University. I work very hard and my academic performance is fairly good. I am familiar with Windows-based systems and am proficient with Office software, such as Word and Excel. Besides, I’ve passed CET-6 with high grades.As my resume indicates, last summer vacation I worked as a waitress at McDonald’s. The experience improved my capability and skill in communication and made me more confident. I am sure I am the right person for the job.If you consider me as an eligible applicant, I would be available for an interview any time at your convenience. My telephone number is and I’m looking forward to your early reply.Yourssincerely,Li MingPart II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. C2. B3. B4. C5. A6. C7. C8. B9. B 10. C11. B 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. DSection B16.A 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.A 21.C 22.B 23.B 24.C 25.D Section C26. more likely to 27. tend to 28. cruelty 29. surveyed30. engaged 31. Additionally 32. participants 33. taken into account 34. facility 35. based onPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36.F 37.E 38.I 39.O 40.M 41.L 42.B 43.D 44.G 45.NSection B46.A 47.B 48. B 49. D 50. G 51. D 52. I 53. B 54. C 55. FSection C56.B 57.C 58.C 59.B 60.A 61.D 62.D 63.C 64.A 65.D Part IV TranslationTian’anmen Square is one of the largest city center squares in the world. It was first built in 1714 as the entrance gate to the imperial palace, connecting the expansive imperial “front courtyard” and the palace. Since the PRC was founded, Tian’anme n Square has experienced four renovation projects in 1958, 1976, 1981 and 2013. In feudal times, Tian’anmen played an important political role and was a place where ordinary people were forbidden to go. Now, besides its political importance, Tian’anmen is also a good place for people to go and relax, and a must-see attraction for visitors to the capital.Keys to Model Test SixPart I WritingSample:Should Students Be Banned from Living off Campus?Nowadays, more and more college students choose to live off campus instead of living together with other roommates in the students’ dormitory. They claim that the living conditions oncampus are unbearable while living off campus can bring them more convenience and freedom. They can do whatever they want in the house without disturbing others, such as cooking, playing games, watching movies.But others argue that students should be banned from living off campus, as it has many obvious disadvantages. First of all, it may be not safe for a student to live off campus without the supervision or help from faculty members. Secondly, if the students have no self-discipline, they may addict to computer games, or even gambling. Last but not least, compared with living on campus, it should be more expensive to rent an apartment outside.I tend to believe that it’s appropriate to simply ban students from living off campus, because college students, as young adults, should have their rights to choose after all. Universities need be more flexible about the administration of dorms and try to upgrade the overall conditions at the same time.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. D2.B3. C4. D5. A6. B7. A8. B9. C 10. D 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. BSection B16.A 17.D 18.C 19.C 20. B 21.A 22. D 23.B 24.D 25.C Section C26. forward 27. focused more strongly on 28. positive 29. research 30. attributes 31. undertaken 32. figure out 33. element 34. tied to 35. processPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36.G 37.M 38.I 39.N 40.K 41.O 42.F 43.C 44.E 45.ASection B46.B 47.C 48. D 49.E 50.F 51. G 52.G 53.H 54. I 55. ISection C56.C 57.B 58.C 59.B 60.D 61.D 62.C 63.D 64.A 65.A Part IV TranslationConfucius is one of the greatest thinkers in ancient China, who is thought to be the founder of Confucianism. The Analects of Confucius, as a classic of Confucianism, was compiled by his disciples and second-generation disciples. It’s a record of Confucius’ philosophy, teachings and advises. For more than two thousand years, The Analects and Confucianism have had a profound impa ct on Chinese people and Chinese culture. The core concept of Confucianism “benevolence” is still mainstream values accepted by most people in today’s China.Keys to Model Test SevenPart I WritingSample:Personal Information LeakageStepping into the information age, we are enjoying the convenience brought by information technology. But at the same time we get more worried about the security of our privacy than ever before, since it’s not very difficult for a hacker to invade our computers, steal our files and information and then publicize them without being noticed at all.The danger of personal information leakage is obvious. Once our information is leaked, we will be continuously bombarded by anonymous messages or phone calls via mobile phones and other communication channels for private tutoring, apartment sales, insurance and so on. To make it worse, if our confidential information was made known to criminals, we might have major purchases made on our credit card, money withdrawn from our bank accounts, and even huge loans taken out in our name.So how can we protect our personal information? Some virus-killing software can protect us from being invaded. However, the best way is thinking before acting. For example, avoid filling out forms requiring private information for free trials or other promotions.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. C2.C3. D4. B5. A6. B7.C8. C9. D 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. CSection B16. A 17.D 18. C 19. B 20. C 21. D 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.B Section C26. planet 27. an average of 28. in the meantime 29. highways 30. widening 31. efficient 32. rather than 33. alternative 34. survive 35. introducedPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36.E 37.B 38.N 39.K 40.G 41.J 42.D 43.A 44L 45.HSection B46.C 47.C 48. F 49.F 50.G 51. H 52.I 53.B 54.D 55.HSection C56.D 57.B 58.A 59.C 60.C 61.D 62.C 63.B 64.C 65.APart IV TranslationUrbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in China, which on the one hand helps improve the life quality of many people and on the other hand supplies more job opportunities. This trend is expected to further boost the prospects of young people inthe country. As increasingly more people migrate to cities, the construction of housing and city infrastructure, including water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban development. The talent shortage has made urban planning and architecture one of the most high-paying majors for university graduates.Keys to Model Test EightPart I WritingSample:Should May Day Holiday Be Resumed to Seven Days?The week-long May Day Holiday was shortened to three days in 2007 so as to ease the burden of overcrowded tourist hotspots and add three traditional Chinese festivals like the Tomb-Sweeping Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.However, some people are appealing to the Government for resuming the seven-day May Day Holiday. They claim that the significance of May Day is not only paying tribute to thousands of diligent workers, but also providing them an opportunity to get refreshed and get ready to welcome and embrace the coming work day with vibrancy and vigor. In that case, a three-day off, which is just one day more than normal weekend, would not make any difference to these people. Apart from that, the golden week could help boost the tourism industry as well as domestic consumption.Personally, I prefer to resume the May Day golden week, not only because it falls in the best season for traveling but also because it will be an effective measure to boost domestic demand, to increase employment and to revive tourism and other related industries.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1.B2.D3. B4. C5. A6. C7. A8. A9. B 10. D 17.C 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. ASection B16.C 17. D 18. A 19.D 20. D 21.C 22.D 23.B 24.D 25.C Section C26. beyond 27. more than ever 28. marvelous 29. regardless of 30. struggle 31. simplest 32. available 33. let alone34. immature 35. immediatelyPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36.C 37.H 38.K 39.N 40.O 41.B 42.G 43.L 44.A 45.ISection B46.A 47.C 48. B 49.D 50.C 51. D 52.C 53.C 54.D 55.FSection C56.C 57.B 58.C 59.A 60.C 61.B 62.D 63.A 64.C 65.C Part IV TranslationHigher education is undergoing transformation in China as technology and demographics change. With more education resources and fewer students, higher education is becoming increasingly available. Recruitment measures become more diversified, and studying aboard is becoming commonplace. Children now in elementary schools will accept a kind of higher education that is totally different from that of today. It is necessary to have students prepared for the challenges they will face. To achieve this end, how to reduce the workload and improve the overall quality of students are two key points.。

NORMEINTERNATIONALECEI IEC INTERNATIONALSTANDARD 61854Première éditionFirst edition1998-09Lignes aériennes –Exigences et essais applicables aux entretoisesOverhead lines –Requirements and tests for spacersCommission Electrotechnique InternationaleInternational Electrotechnical Commission Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueurFor price, see current catalogue© IEC 1998 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reservedAucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite niutilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucunprocédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo-copie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur.No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, SwitzerlandTelefax: +41 22 919 0300e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http: //www.iec.chCODE PRIX PRICE CODE X– 2 –61854 © CEI:1998SOMMAIREPages AVANT-PROPOS (6)Articles1Domaine d'application (8)2Références normatives (8)3Définitions (12)4Exigences générales (12)4.1Conception (12)4.2Matériaux (14)4.2.1Généralités (14)4.2.2Matériaux non métalliques (14)4.3Masse, dimensions et tolérances (14)4.4Protection contre la corrosion (14)4.5Aspect et finition de fabrication (14)4.6Marquage (14)4.7Consignes d'installation (14)5Assurance de la qualité (16)6Classification des essais (16)6.1Essais de type (16)6.1.1Généralités (16)6.1.2Application (16)6.2Essais sur échantillon (16)6.2.1Généralités (16)6.2.2Application (16)6.2.3Echantillonnage et critères de réception (18)6.3Essais individuels de série (18)6.3.1Généralités (18)6.3.2Application et critères de réception (18)6.4Tableau des essais à effectuer (18)7Méthodes d'essai (22)7.1Contrôle visuel (22)7.2Vérification des dimensions, des matériaux et de la masse (22)7.3Essai de protection contre la corrosion (22)7.3.1Composants revêtus par galvanisation à chaud (autres queles fils d'acier galvanisés toronnés) (22)7.3.2Produits en fer protégés contre la corrosion par des méthodes autresque la galvanisation à chaud (24)7.3.3Fils d'acier galvanisé toronnés (24)7.3.4Corrosion causée par des composants non métalliques (24)7.4Essais non destructifs (24)61854 © IEC:1998– 3 –CONTENTSPage FOREWORD (7)Clause1Scope (9)2Normative references (9)3Definitions (13)4General requirements (13)4.1Design (13)4.2Materials (15)4.2.1General (15)4.2.2Non-metallic materials (15)4.3Mass, dimensions and tolerances (15)4.4Protection against corrosion (15)4.5Manufacturing appearance and finish (15)4.6Marking (15)4.7Installation instructions (15)5Quality assurance (17)6Classification of tests (17)6.1Type tests (17)6.1.1General (17)6.1.2Application (17)6.2Sample tests (17)6.2.1General (17)6.2.2Application (17)6.2.3Sampling and acceptance criteria (19)6.3Routine tests (19)6.3.1General (19)6.3.2Application and acceptance criteria (19)6.4Table of tests to be applied (19)7Test methods (23)7.1Visual examination (23)7.2Verification of dimensions, materials and mass (23)7.3Corrosion protection test (23)7.3.1Hot dip galvanized components (other than stranded galvanizedsteel wires) (23)7.3.2Ferrous components protected from corrosion by methods other thanhot dip galvanizing (25)7.3.3Stranded galvanized steel wires (25)7.3.4Corrosion caused by non-metallic components (25)7.4Non-destructive tests (25)– 4 –61854 © CEI:1998 Articles Pages7.5Essais mécaniques (26)7.5.1Essais de glissement des pinces (26)7.5.1.1Essai de glissement longitudinal (26)7.5.1.2Essai de glissement en torsion (28)7.5.2Essai de boulon fusible (28)7.5.3Essai de serrage des boulons de pince (30)7.5.4Essais de courant de court-circuit simulé et essais de compressionet de traction (30)7.5.4.1Essai de courant de court-circuit simulé (30)7.5.4.2Essai de compression et de traction (32)7.5.5Caractérisation des propriétés élastiques et d'amortissement (32)7.5.6Essais de flexibilité (38)7.5.7Essais de fatigue (38)7.5.7.1Généralités (38)7.5.7.2Oscillation de sous-portée (40)7.5.7.3Vibrations éoliennes (40)7.6Essais de caractérisation des élastomères (42)7.6.1Généralités (42)7.6.2Essais (42)7.6.3Essai de résistance à l'ozone (46)7.7Essais électriques (46)7.7.1Essais d'effet couronne et de tension de perturbations radioélectriques..467.7.2Essai de résistance électrique (46)7.8Vérification du comportement vibratoire du système faisceau/entretoise (48)Annexe A (normative) Informations techniques minimales à convenirentre acheteur et fournisseur (64)Annexe B (informative) Forces de compression dans l'essai de courantde court-circuit simulé (66)Annexe C (informative) Caractérisation des propriétés élastiques et d'amortissementMéthode de détermination de la rigidité et de l'amortissement (70)Annexe D (informative) Contrôle du comportement vibratoire du systèmefaisceau/entretoise (74)Bibliographie (80)Figures (50)Tableau 1 – Essais sur les entretoises (20)Tableau 2 – Essais sur les élastomères (44)61854 © IEC:1998– 5 –Clause Page7.5Mechanical tests (27)7.5.1Clamp slip tests (27)7.5.1.1Longitudinal slip test (27)7.5.1.2Torsional slip test (29)7.5.2Breakaway bolt test (29)7.5.3Clamp bolt tightening test (31)7.5.4Simulated short-circuit current test and compression and tension tests (31)7.5.4.1Simulated short-circuit current test (31)7.5.4.2Compression and tension test (33)7.5.5Characterisation of the elastic and damping properties (33)7.5.6Flexibility tests (39)7.5.7Fatigue tests (39)7.5.7.1General (39)7.5.7.2Subspan oscillation (41)7.5.7.3Aeolian vibration (41)7.6Tests to characterise elastomers (43)7.6.1General (43)7.6.2Tests (43)7.6.3Ozone resistance test (47)7.7Electrical tests (47)7.7.1Corona and radio interference voltage (RIV) tests (47)7.7.2Electrical resistance test (47)7.8Verification of vibration behaviour of the bundle-spacer system (49)Annex A (normative) Minimum technical details to be agreed betweenpurchaser and supplier (65)Annex B (informative) Compressive forces in the simulated short-circuit current test (67)Annex C (informative) Characterisation of the elastic and damping propertiesStiffness-Damping Method (71)Annex D (informative) Verification of vibration behaviour of the bundle/spacer system (75)Bibliography (81)Figures (51)Table 1 – Tests on spacers (21)Table 2 – Tests on elastomers (45)– 6 –61854 © CEI:1998 COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE––––––––––LIGNES AÉRIENNES –EXIGENCES ET ESSAIS APPLICABLES AUX ENTRETOISESAVANT-PROPOS1)La CEI (Commission Electrotechnique Internationale) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation composéede l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de la CEI). La CEI a pour objet de favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les domaines de l'électricité et de l'électronique. A cet effet, la CEI, entre autres activités, publie des Normes internationales.Leur élaboration est confiée à des comités d'études, aux travaux desquels tout Comité national intéressé par le sujet traité peut participer. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec la CEI, participent également aux travaux. La CEI collabore étroitement avec l'Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO), selon des conditions fixées par accord entre les deux organisations.2)Les décisions ou accords officiels de la CEI concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesuredu possible un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités nationaux intéressés sont représentés dans chaque comité d’études.3)Les documents produits se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales. Ils sont publiéscomme normes, rapports techniques ou guides et agréés comme tels par les Comités nationaux.4)Dans le but d'encourager l'unification internationale, les Comités nationaux de la CEI s'engagent à appliquer defaçon transparente, dans toute la mesure possible, les Normes internationales de la CEI dans leurs normes nationales et régionales. Toute divergence entre la norme de la CEI et la norme nationale ou régionale correspondante doit être indiquée en termes clairs dans cette dernière.5)La CEI n’a fixé aucune procédure concernant le marquage comme indication d’approbation et sa responsabilitén’est pas engagée quand un matériel est déclaré conforme à l’une de ses normes.6) L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments de la présente Norme internationale peuvent fairel’objet de droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. La CEI ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et de ne pas avoir signalé leur existence.La Norme internationale CEI 61854 a été établie par le comité d'études 11 de la CEI: Lignes aériennes.Le texte de cette norme est issu des documents suivants:FDIS Rapport de vote11/141/FDIS11/143/RVDLe rapport de vote indiqué dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute information sur le vote ayant abouti à l'approbation de cette norme.L’annexe A fait partie intégrante de cette norme.Les annexes B, C et D sont données uniquement à titre d’information.61854 © IEC:1998– 7 –INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION––––––––––OVERHEAD LINES –REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS FOR SPACERSFOREWORD1)The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprisingall national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.2)The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, aninternational consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested National Committees.3)The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the formof standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.4)In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC InternationalStandards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly indicated in the latter.5)The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for anyequipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subjectof patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61854 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 11: Overhead lines.The text of this standard is based on the following documents:FDIS Report on voting11/141/FDIS11/143/RVDFull information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table.Annex A forms an integral part of this standard.Annexes B, C and D are for information only.– 8 –61854 © CEI:1998LIGNES AÉRIENNES –EXIGENCES ET ESSAIS APPLICABLES AUX ENTRETOISES1 Domaine d'applicationLa présente Norme internationale s'applique aux entretoises destinées aux faisceaux de conducteurs de lignes aériennes. Elle recouvre les entretoises rigides, les entretoises flexibles et les entretoises amortissantes.Elle ne s'applique pas aux espaceurs, aux écarteurs à anneaux et aux entretoises de mise à la terre.NOTE – La présente norme est applicable aux pratiques de conception de lignes et aux entretoises les plus couramment utilisées au moment de sa rédaction. Il peut exister d'autres entretoises auxquelles les essais spécifiques décrits dans la présente norme ne s'appliquent pas.Dans de nombreux cas, les procédures d'essai et les valeurs d'essai sont convenues entre l'acheteur et le fournisseur et sont énoncées dans le contrat d'approvisionnement. L'acheteur est le mieux à même d'évaluer les conditions de service prévues, qu'il convient d'utiliser comme base à la définition de la sévérité des essais.La liste des informations techniques minimales à convenir entre acheteur et fournisseur est fournie en annexe A.2 Références normativesLes documents normatifs suivants contiennent des dispositions qui, par suite de la référence qui y est faite, constituent des dispositions valables pour la présente Norme internationale. Au moment de la publication, les éditions indiquées étaient en vigueur. Tout document normatif est sujet à révision et les parties prenantes aux accords fondés sur la présente Norme internationale sont invitées à rechercher la possibilité d'appliquer les éditions les plus récentes des documents normatifs indiqués ci-après. Les membres de la CEI et de l'ISO possèdent le registre des Normes internationales en vigueur.CEI 60050(466):1990, Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International (VEI) – Chapitre 466: Lignes aériennesCEI 61284:1997, Lignes aériennes – Exigences et essais pour le matériel d'équipementCEI 60888:1987, Fils en acier zingué pour conducteurs câblésISO 34-1:1994, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination de la résistance au déchirement – Partie 1: Eprouvettes pantalon, angulaire et croissantISO 34-2:1996, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination de la résistance au déchirement – Partie 2: Petites éprouvettes (éprouvettes de Delft)ISO 37:1994, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination des caractéristiques de contrainte-déformation en traction61854 © IEC:1998– 9 –OVERHEAD LINES –REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS FOR SPACERS1 ScopeThis International Standard applies to spacers for conductor bundles of overhead lines. It covers rigid spacers, flexible spacers and spacer dampers.It does not apply to interphase spacers, hoop spacers and bonding spacers.NOTE – This standard is written to cover the line design practices and spacers most commonly used at the time of writing. There may be other spacers available for which the specific tests reported in this standard may not be applicable.In many cases, test procedures and test values are left to agreement between purchaser and supplier and are stated in the procurement contract. The purchaser is best able to evaluate the intended service conditions, which should be the basis for establishing the test severity.In annex A, the minimum technical details to be agreed between purchaser and supplier are listed.2 Normative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication of this standard, the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.IEC 60050(466):1990, International Electrotechnical vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 466: Overhead linesIEC 61284:1997, Overhead lines – Requirements and tests for fittingsIEC 60888:1987, Zinc-coated steel wires for stranded conductorsISO 34-1:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tear strength – Part 1: Trouser, angle and crescent test piecesISO 34-2:1996, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tear strength – Part 2: Small (Delft) test piecesISO 37:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tensile stress-strain properties– 10 –61854 © CEI:1998 ISO 188:1982, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Essais de résistance au vieillissement accéléré ou à la chaleurISO 812:1991, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination de la fragilité à basse températureISO 815:1991, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination de la déformation rémanente après compression aux températures ambiantes, élevées ou bassesISO 868:1985, Plastiques et ébonite – Détermination de la dureté par pénétration au moyen d'un duromètre (dureté Shore)ISO 1183:1987, Plastiques – Méthodes pour déterminer la masse volumique et la densitérelative des plastiques non alvéolairesISO 1431-1:1989, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Résistance au craquelage par l'ozone – Partie 1: Essai sous allongement statiqueISO 1461,— Revêtements de galvanisation à chaud sur produits finis ferreux – Spécifications1) ISO 1817:1985, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination de l'action des liquidesISO 2781:1988, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination de la masse volumiqueISO 2859-1:1989, Règles d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles par attributs – Partie 1: Plans d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles lot par lot, indexés d'après le niveau de qualité acceptable (NQA)ISO 2859-2:1985, Règles d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles par attributs – Partie 2: Plans d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles de lots isolés, indexés d'après la qualité limite (QL)ISO 2921:1982, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination des caractéristiques à basse température – Méthode température-retrait (essai TR)ISO 3417:1991, Caoutchouc – Détermination des caractéristiques de vulcanisation à l'aide du rhéomètre à disque oscillantISO 3951:1989, Règles et tables d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles par mesures des pourcentages de non conformesISO 4649:1985, Caoutchouc – Détermination de la résistance à l'abrasion à l'aide d'un dispositif à tambour tournantISO 4662:1986, Caoutchouc – Détermination de la résilience de rebondissement des vulcanisats––––––––––1) A publierThis is a preview - click here to buy the full publication61854 © IEC:1998– 11 –ISO 188:1982, Rubber, vulcanized – Accelerated ageing or heat-resistance testsISO 812:1991, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of low temperature brittlenessISO 815:1991, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of compression set at ambient, elevated or low temperaturesISO 868:1985, Plastics and ebonite – Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness)ISO 1183:1987, Plastics – Methods for determining the density and relative density of non-cellular plasticsISO 1431-1:1989, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Resistance to ozone cracking –Part 1: static strain testISO 1461, — Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated ferrous products – Specifications1)ISO 1817:1985, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of the effect of liquidsISO 2781:1988, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of densityISO 2859-1:1989, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 1: Sampling plans indexed by acceptable quality level (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspectionISO 2859-2:1985, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 2: Sampling plans indexed by limiting quality level (LQ) for isolated lot inspectionISO 2921:1982, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of low temperature characteristics –Temperature-retraction procedure (TR test)ISO 3417:1991, Rubber – Measurement of vulcanization characteristics with the oscillating disc curemeterISO 3951:1989, Sampling procedures and charts for inspection by variables for percent nonconformingISO 4649:1985, Rubber – Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindrical drum deviceISO 4662:1986, Rubber – Determination of rebound resilience of vulcanizates–––––––––1) To be published.。

常见带介词to的短语归纳在高中阶段的英语学习中，常常会遇见许多含有to的短语，而其中有些短语所含的to为介词，他的后面要求接名词、动名词或代词。

往往容易将这种情况与不定式相混淆，为了区别记忆，现将常见的介词带to的短语归纳如下：be / get / become used to 习惯于be given to 喜欢；癖好be related to 与…有关系be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾be opposed to 反对devote oneself to献身于；专心于be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于be admitted to 被…录取；准进入be reduced to 沦为reduce…to…使…沦为be attached to附属于；喜欢；依恋be adjusted to 适应be known to 为…所知be married to 和…结be sentenced to被判处be connected to 和…连在一起be exposed to 暴露于；遭受be compared to 被比喻成compare… to…把…比作…be engaged to 与…订婚be / become / get accustomed to // accustomed to 惯于；有…习惯be engaged to 与…订婚get down to 着手做lead to 导致object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起look forward to 盼望stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意attend to 专心；注意；照料see to 负责；注意contribute to对…作贡献；有助于make contributions to对…作贡献apply oneself to 致力于come close to几乎；将近reply to 回答add to 增加add up to 加起来in addition to除…之外turn to转向；求助于feel up to 能胜任于look up to 尊敬admit to承认belong to 属于take to 喜爱；开始cling to 附着fall to 开始respond to 回答；对…作出回应accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于amount to等于prefer… to…更喜欢set an example to 给…树立榜样refer to 谈到；参考；查阅agree to sth. 同意某事（比较：agree to do sth. 同意做某事）prefer… to…更喜欢take / make a trip to到…地方去join…to…把…和…连接起来turn a blind eye to对…视而不见turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻show honor to向…表示敬意put an end to(bring… to an end) 结束set fire to 放火烧……drink (a toast) to 为……干杯propose a toast to 提议……happen to… 发生了……事occur to sb. 想起；想到total up to 总计达be close to 几乎；将近hold to 坚持；抓住help oneself to 随便用……hold on to 抓住；固守do harm to 对……有害处do wrong to 冤枉某人date back to 追溯到when it comes to… 谈到……时come to 来到；达到；结果为 (比较：come to do sth逐渐做某事)give an eye to着眼于have an eye to doing 打算the key to ……的答案describe to 向……描述treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃……trust sth. to sb.把某物委托给某人pay a visit to 参观……access to 进入；取得的方法be a stranger to 不习惯；对……陌生on one’s way to 在去某处的路上；在达成某事的过程中be kind to 对……和善be important to 对……重要be senior to 年龄长于……be equal to 和……相等be particular to ……所特有的（比较：be particular about 对……过于讲究；挑剔）be subject to 服从；隶属；易遭受患be familiar to 为……熟悉be similar to 和……相似be open to 对……开放be loyal to 对……忠诚be helpful to对……有益处be useful to对……有用be good to sb对某人好（比较：be good for 对……有益处）be bad to 对……不好be bad for（比较：对……有害处）be new to 对……不习惯；对……陌生as to 关于；至于next to（否定词前）几乎；be due to do sth.预定要做某事next to ……的旁边due to 由于；归因于……thanks to 多亏了；由于owing to 由于；因……的缘故in / with regard to 关于in /with relation to 关于；就……而论subject to 在……条件下；依照be given to 沉溺于be related to 与…相关get down to着手做lead to 着手做object to / be opposed to 反对put one’s mind to全神贯注于be equal to 胜任devote oneself to献身于give rise to 引起look forward to 盼望pay attention to 注意lead to通向 see to 负责access to 接近(某地的)方法be addicted to 沉溺于…对…上瘾according to 根据contribute to 为…作贡献如：1. access to 接近,进入(某地的)方法; 通路The only access to that building is along that muddy track. 到那栋建筑的唯一通路是沿着那条泥泞的路走。

redis keys命令用法在Redis中，KEYS命令用于查找所有符合指定模式的键。

以下是KEYS命令的用法：打开Redis控制台：首先，你需要在命令行中打开Red is控制台。

可以通过输入以下命令来打开Redis控制台：复制代码redis-cli选择数据库：使用SELECT命令选择要操作的数据库。

例如，要选择数据库1，可以执行以下命令：选择数据库：使用SELECT命令选择要操作的数据库。

例如，要选择数据库1，可以执行以下命令：复制代码SELECT 1执行KEYS命令：使用KEYS命令后跟模式参数来查找符合模式的键。

模式可以使用通配符来匹配任意字符。

以下是一些常用的模式匹配示例：执行KEYS命令：使用KEYS命令后跟模式参数来查找符合模式的键。

模式可以使用通配符来匹配任意字符。

以下是一些常用的模式匹配示例：KEYS *：匹配所有键。

KEYS user:*：匹配以"user:"开头的键。

KEYS ?name：匹配包含"name"的键。

KEYS [a-c]*：匹配以任意字母a、b或c开头的键。

示例：查找所有符合"user:*"模式的键：arduino复制代码KEYS user:*查找以"user:"开头的键：查找以"user:"开头的键：arduino复制代码KEYS user:*查找包含"name"的键：查找包含"name"的键：arduino复制代码KEYS ?name查找以任意字母a、b或c开头的键：查找以任意字母a、b或c开头的键：arduino复制代码KEYS [a-c]*返回值：KEYS命令将返回所有符合模式的键的列表。

如果没有符合模式的键，将返回一个空列表。

返回值：KEYS命令将返回所有符合模式的键的列表。

如果没有符合模式的键，将返回一个空列表。

Keys to Model Test OnePart I WritingSample:On Saving FoodAs we can see from the picture, a big tall man is throwing away leftovers which are quite a lot and seem delicious, while in the dustbin a skinny little man keeps his mouth wide open, eagerly waiting for something to eat. The picture implicitly raises the question of wasting food, which has been a major issue world wide.Food waste means wasting money as well as wasting precious resources. When food is thrown away, it becomes rubbish whic h can be harmful to the environment and people’s health. And it should also be noticed that there are millions of people suffering from hunger all over the world. Therefore, it’s shameful to waste food.For all of us, it’s meaningful to join in the “Clean Your Plate Campaign”, which helps us realize how difficult it is for a grain of rice to come on our plate and how important it is to save food. It’s wise to order a proper amount of food when dining out. If there’re leftovers, it’s better to take them home. To save food, we should start with ourselves and start from now.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1.A2. B3. D4. A5. C6. A7. C8. C9. A 10. B 11. D 12.A 13. D 14. B 15. CSection B16. D 17.A 18. D 19.B 20.B 21.C 22.A 23.C 24.A 25.C Section C26.reaches 27.a wide range of 28.advanced 29.isolation 30.Transforming 31.close to 32.profoundly 33.unreliable 34.gather data effectively 35.measurePart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36.L 37.A 38.F 39.E 40.O 41.D 42.J 43.H 44.C 45.NSection B46.D 47.F 48.B 49.H 50.C 51.I 52.D 53.A 54.H 55.GSection C56.B 57.D 58.B 59.D 60.A 61.D 62.B 63.A 64.D 65.BPart IV TranslationIt’s recorded that Chinese lanterns originated from the period of the Western Han Dynasty 1800 years ago. In the Tang Dynasty, lanterns got connected with Buddhism, since when lighting lanterns has become a part of official activities to celebrate the Lantern Festival. Colored lanternsof different regions have their own distinctive styles and lanterns of different shapes also convey different messages. During the festival, riddles are written on some lanterns. To guess those riddles on lanterns is a traditional entertainment popular among people. Because of the festive atmosphere they bring, lanterns, especially the red ones, are also used in other festivals for decoration.Keys to Model Test TwoPart I WritingSample:Attend Your Classes RegularlyNowadays, it is very common that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And some students slip out of classrooms before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers.As to the reason for that, both the students and the teachers have fault of their own. Compared with middle school students, college students have relatively more “freedom”. If they are not strict with themselves, they probably will oversleep in the morning, surf on the Internet or find other activities to entertain themselves during class hours. On the other hand, some teachers still conduct classes in the old fashioned way, which makes their classes so boring that many students fall asleep.Despite all those excuses for not attending classes regularly, I firmly believe that it is crucial for students to attend their classes regularly, for it ensures students to catch up with teachers in their learning. What’s more, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is imperative for students in their future jobs. Therefore, university students should attend classes regularly.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1.A2.C3. D4. A5. B6. B7. D8. D9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. DSection B16.B 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. B Section C26. predict 27. outlive 28. explanation 29. are also linked to 30.length 31. a number of 32. photographed 33. perceived34. made no difference 35. tougherPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36.M 37.G 38.K 39.F 40.I 41.L 42.O 43.D 44.A 45.ESection B46.G 47.C 48.A 49.D 50.E 51.E 52.B 53.I 54.H 55.F56.C 57.C 58.B 59.A 60.B 61.D 62.B 63.B 64.C 65.D Part IV TranslationThe 15th day of the eighth month in the lunar calendar is the Mid-Autumn Festival, one of the most important traditional festivals of China. According to researches, the Chinese have had the custom of celebrating the harvest during the autumn full moon since the Shang Dynasty. The celebration as a festival started to gain popularity during the early Tang Dynasty. Gradually, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become a day for family reunion, as Thanksgiving Day in the United States. In the evening, people hang up lanterns, sit around a table to have dinner and moon cakes when looking at the bright moon. The festival was listed as an “intangible cultural heritage” of China in 2006 and was made a Chinese public holiday in 2008.Keys to Model Test ThreePart I WritingSample:Employment Problem of College GraduatesAs we can see from the chart, the contract signing rate of both undergraduates and postgraduates in 2013 is obviously lower than that in 2012. The figures in the chart indicate that Chinese graduates are facing a tough problem of finding jobs in the fierce competition.The most direct reason of this problem is the increasing enrollment of college students. However, the job market gets shrinking, as a result of which a large number of students cannot get hired. At the same time, college students should also be held responsible for this, for they either have unrealistic expectations of jobs or they cannot meet the job requirements.As far as I’m concerned, pressure is not only an obstacle but also a motivity. As college students, we must work harder than ever before to keep our competitiveness. Meanwhile, the Government should try to promote employment of college graduates by working out preferential policies. Only through the combined efforts, can this problem be relieved and solved eventually.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A2.A 2.B3. D4. A5. B6. C7. A8. D9. C 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. D 14. D 15. ASection B16.B 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C 21. A 22 .A 23. D 24 .A 25. D Section C26. are expected to 27. product 28. burning 29. agents30. ahead of 31. current 32. remain 33. approaches34. vital 35. makes good sensePart III Reading Comprehension36.D 37.L 38.I 39.A 40.H 41.O 42.M 43.C 44.G 45.ESection B46.B 47.H 48.B 49.I 50.D 51.E 52.G 53.E 54.I 55.ASection C56.C 57.C 58.A 59.B 60.C 61.D 62.A 63.C 64.A 65.B Part IV TranslationKunqu is one of the oldest forms of Chinese traditional operas. It was developed during the early Ming Dynasty and dominated Chinese theatre in the Ming and the Qing Dynasty. By far, it has had a history of more than 600 years. Many Chinese traditional operas, including Beijing opera, have been developed on the basis of Kunqu, for which it is reputed as “the mother of Chinese opera”. Kunqu was listed as “one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity” by UNESCO in 2001. China has become one of the 19 countries to get such a special honor for the first time.Keys to Model Test FourPart I WritingSample:On TV Dating ShowsTV dating shows are getting increasingly popular among C hina’s national and local TV programs nowadays. The top-rated TV dating show —“If You Are the One”has attracted thousands of people to participate, and many more to watch.It’s easy to understand their popularity, for there is an increasing number of single men and women at marriageable age who are too busy to find their soul mates. What’s more, we cannot deny that these programs bring great entertainment and relaxation to the viewers. In contrast, some people are strongly opposed to them, arguing that the participants are not pursuing love but fame and that the programs promote some incorrect social and love values such as money-worship.From my point of view, such TV shows are just for entertainment and should not be confused with real life and the quest for marriage. But it should also be noted that those shows do reflect some realities in the fast-changing Chinese society. What we need to do is to face up to them instead of holding those shows responsible.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. B2.C3. C4. B5. B6. D7. A8. D9. A 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. BSection B16.C 17.A 18.C 19.C 20.C 21.A 22.D 23.B 24.A 25.C Section C26. concluded 27. at higher risk of 28. actually 29. develop30. turns out to be 31. height 32. in poor shape 33. associated 34. professionals 35. look down onPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36.J 37.L 38.G 39.F 40.K 41.B 42.C 43.M 44.D 45.ISection B46.C 47.C 48.I 49.E 50.C 51.D 52.G 53.A 54.F 55.BSection C56.C 57.D 58.C 59.B 60.A 61.B 62.D 63.B 64.C 65.CPart IV TranslationOne of China’s six ancient capital cities, Hangzhou has a history of more than 2, 000 years. It is well known to the world not only for the beauty of the West Lake but also for its cultural tr aditions. Reputed as “the home of silk” in China, Hangzhou boasts silk products in a great variety, among which the brocade is especially attractive. The earliest silk school in China Silkworm School was also located in Hangzhou. It was found in 1897, marking the beginning of China’s modern silk textiles education. Zhejiang Sci-tech University grew out of it.Keys to Model Test FivePart I WritingSample:An Application LetterJune 23, 2013Dear Sir or Madam,I’m sending this letter to apply for the part-time hotel receptionist position, which you advertised in the People’s Daily on Sunday.I believe I have the required qualities for the position. First of all, I am easy-going, kind-hearted and patient, which I think are the imperative traits for being a good waitress. At present, I am a junior majoring in Business Management from Zhejiang University. I work very hard and my academic performance is fairly good. I am familiar with Windows-based systems and am proficient with Office software, such as Word and Excel. Besides, I’ve passed CET-6 with high grades.As my resume indicates, last summer vacation I worked as a waitress at McDonald’s. The experience improved my capability and skill in communication and made me more confident. I am sure I am the right person for the job.If you consider me as an eligible applicant, I would be available for an interview any time at your convenience. My telephone number is and I’m looking forward to your early reply.Yourssincerely,Li MingPart II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. C2. B3. B4. C5. A6. C7. C8. B9. B 10. C11. B 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. DSection B16.A 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.A 21.C 22.B 23.B 24.C 25.D Section C26. more likely to 27. tend to 28. cruelty 29. surveyed30. engaged 31. Additionally 32. participants 33. taken into account 34. facility 35. based onPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36.F 37.E 38.I 39.O 40.M 41.L 42.B 43.D 44.G 45.NSection B46.A 47.B 48. B 49. D 50. G 51. D 52. I 53. B 54. C 55. FSection C56.B 57.C 58.C 59.B 60.A 61.D 62.D 63.C 64.A 65.D Part IV TranslationTian’anmen Square is one of the largest city center squares in the world. It was first built in 1714 as the entrance gate to the imperial palace, connecting the expansive imperial “front courtyard” and the palace. Since the PRC was founded, Tian’anme n Square has experienced four renovation projects in 1958, 1976, 1981 and 2013. In feudal times, Tian’anmen played an important political role and was a place where ordinary people were forbidden to go. Now, besides its political importance, Tian’anmen is also a good place for people to go and relax, and a must-see attraction for visitors to the capital.Keys to Model Test SixPart I WritingSample:Should Students Be Banned from Living off Campus?Nowadays, more and more college students choose to live off campus instead of living together with other roommates in the students’ dormitory. They claim that the living conditions oncampus are unbearable while living off campus can bring them more convenience and freedom. They can do whatever they want in the house without disturbing others, such as cooking, playing games, watching movies.But others argue that students should be banned from living off campus, as it has many obvious disadvantages. First of all, it may be not safe for a student to live off campus without the supervision or help from faculty members. Secondly, if the students have no self-discipline, they may addict to computer games, or even gambling. Last but not least, compared with living on campus, it should be more expensive to rent an apartment outside.I tend to believe that it’s appropriate to simply ban students from living off campus, because college students, as young adults, should have their rights to choose after all. Universities need be more flexible about the administration of dorms and try to upgrade the overall conditions at the same time.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. D2.B3. C4. D5. A6. B7. A8. B9. C 10. D 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. BSection B16.A 17.D 18.C 19.C 20. B 21.A 22. D 23.B 24.D 25.C Section C26. forward 27. focused more strongly on 28. positive 29. research 30. attributes 31. undertaken 32. figure out 33. element 34. tied to 35. processPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36.G 37.M 38.I 39.N 40.K 41.O 42.F 43.C 44.E 45.ASection B46.B 47.C 48. D 49.E 50.F 51. G 52.G 53.H 54. I 55. ISection C56.C 57.B 58.C 59.B 60.D 61.D 62.C 63.D 64.A 65.A Part IV TranslationConfucius is one of the greatest thinkers in ancient China, who is thought to be the founder of Confucianism. The Analects of Confucius, as a classic of Confucianism, was compiled by his disciples and second-generation disciples. It’s a record of Confucius’ philosophy, teachings and advises. For more than two thousand years, The Analects and Confucianism have had a profound impa ct on Chinese people and Chinese culture. The core concept of Confucianism “benevolence” is still mainstream values accepted by most people in today’s China.Keys to Model Test SevenPart I WritingSample:Personal Information LeakageStepping into the information age, we are enjoying the convenience brought by information technology. But at the same time we get more worried about the security of our privacy than ever before, since it’s not very difficult for a hacker to invade our computers, steal our files and information and then publicize them without being noticed at all.The danger of personal information leakage is obvious. Once our information is leaked, we will be continuously bombarded by anonymous messages or phone calls via mobile phones and other communication channels for private tutoring, apartment sales, insurance and so on. To make it worse, if our confidential information was made known to criminals, we might have major purchases made on our credit card, money withdrawn from our bank accounts, and even huge loans taken out in our name.So how can we protect our personal information? Some virus-killing software can protect us from being invaded. However, the best way is thinking before acting. For example, avoid filling out forms requiring private information for free trials or other promotions.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. C2.C3. D4. B5. A6. B7.C8. C9. D 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. CSection B16. A 17.D 18. C 19. B 20. C 21. D 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.B Section C26. planet 27. an average of 28. in the meantime 29. highways 30. widening 31. efficient 32. rather than 33. alternative 34. survive 35. introducedPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36.E 37.B 38.N 39.K 40.G 41.J 42.D 43.A 44L 45.HSection B46.C 47.C 48. F 49.F 50.G 51. H 52.I 53.B 54.D 55.HSection C56.D 57.B 58.A 59.C 60.C 61.D 62.C 63.B 64.C 65.APart IV TranslationUrbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in China, which on the one hand helps improve the life quality of many people and on the other hand supplies more job opportunities. This trend is expected to further boost the prospects of young people inthe country. As increasingly more people migrate to cities, the construction of housing and city infrastructure, including water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban development. The talent shortage has made urban planning and architecture one of the most high-paying majors for university graduates.Keys to Model Test EightPart I WritingSample:Should May Day Holiday Be Resumed to Seven Days?The week-long May Day Holiday was shortened to three days in 2007 so as to ease the burden of overcrowded tourist hotspots and add three traditional Chinese festivals like the Tomb-Sweeping Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.However, some people are appealing to the Government for resuming the seven-day May Day Holiday. They claim that the significance of May Day is not only paying tribute to thousands of diligent workers, but also providing them an opportunity to get refreshed and get ready to welcome and embrace the coming work day with vibrancy and vigor. In that case, a three-day off, which is just one day more than normal weekend, would not make any difference to these people. Apart from that, the golden week could help boost the tourism industry as well as domestic consumption.Personally, I prefer to resume the May Day golden week, not only because it falls in the best season for traveling but also because it will be an effective measure to boost domestic demand, to increase employment and to revive tourism and other related industries.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1.B2.D3. B4. C5. A6. C7. A8. A9. B 10. D 17.C 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. ASection B16.C 17. D 18. A 19.D 20. D 21.C 22.D 23.B 24.D 25.C Section C26. beyond 27. more than ever 28. marvelous 29. regardless of 30. struggle 31. simplest 32. available 33. let alone34. immature 35. immediatelyPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36.C 37.H 38.K 39.N 40.O 41.B 42.G 43.L 44.A 45.ISection B46.A 47.C 48. B 49.D 50.C 51. D 52.C 53.C 54.D 55.FSection C56.C 57.B 58.C 59.A 60.C 61.B 62.D 63.A 64.C 65.C Part IV TranslationHigher education is undergoing transformation in China as technology and demographics change. With more education resources and fewer students, higher education is becoming increasingly available. Recruitment measures become more diversified, and studying aboard is becoming commonplace. Children now in elementary schools will accept a kind of higher education that is totally different from that of today. It is necessary to have students prepared for the challenges they will face. To achieve this end, how to reduce the workload and improve the overall quality of students are two key points.。

python中的keys方法在Python中，`keys(`是一种内置方法，用于从字典中获取所有键的集合。

它返回一个可迭代的对象，该对象包含了字典中的所有键。

下面是一些关于`keys(`方法的重要信息：1. 语法：`dict.keys(`- 这里的`dict`是指字典对象，也就是要获取键集合的字典。

-方法名称后面跟着括号，表示调用该方法。

2.返回值：- `keys(`方法返回一个可迭代的对象，其中包含了字典中的所有键。

- 返回值的类型是`dict_keys`。

虽然这个对象看起来像一个列表，但它实际上是一个特殊类型的视图，它封装了字典中的键，并提供了一些方便的方法来访问和操纵这些键。

-返回的键集合是无序的，即它们没有特定的顺序。

3.使用方法：- 可以使用`for`循环遍历`keys(`方法返回的键集合。

- 可以将`dict_keys`对象转换为列表，以方便使用列表的相关方法。

下面是一些示例代码，演示了如何使用`keys(`方法：```python#创建一个字典my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}# 使用for循环遍历keys(方法返回的键集合for key in my_dict.keys(:print(key)#输出：#a#b#c# 将dict_keys对象转换为列表key_list = list(my_dict.keys()print(key_list)#输出：#['a','b','c']```总结：`keys(`方法是Python中用于获取字典键集合的方法。

它返回一个可迭代的对象，其中包含了字典中的所有键。

可以通过`for`循环遍历键集合，也可以将其转换为列表以方便使用列表的相关方法。

Unit1. Welcome and farewell.Part A. intensive listeningPhonetics: A B A D CDictation:1.Flight AF 463 to Paris is now boarding at Gate number 7.2.This is the final call for flight No. AZ 963 to Rome.3.I’d like to make a reservation for a flight to Boston on Nov. 28th.4.Do you have a single room available tomorrow night?5.I’m looking forward to our future cooperation.6.I’ll need an economy ticket with an open return.7.I’d like to have my laundry by 9 o’clock tomorrow morning.8.Thank you for all your help during our stay here in China.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: B C B B D1.W: do you have anything particular to declare?M: No. I don’t think so. I haven’t got anything dutiable with me.Q: where does the conversation most probably take place?2. M: will you attend the Fair in Tianjin in two days?W: No. I’m leaving Tianjin for Shanghai tomorrow morning for a 3-day meeting, and will visit Guangzhou afterwards.Q: where is the man going tomorrow?3.W: your flight will be departing from Gate 18. the boarding time is 8:45 and yourflight leaves at 9:15, have a nice journey!M: thank you very much.Q: what time does the man’s flight depart?4.M: did you enjoy your flight?W: Not really, I was a little airsick when the plane experienced a few bumps.Q: how does the woman like her flight?5.W: room reservation, good afternoon.M: I’d like to book a double room for Tuesday next week.Q: what’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? Conversation:Meeting a foreign businessman at the airportMr. Wang: excuse me, sir, but are you Mr. Stone from New York?Mr. Stone: Yes, I am Michael Stone, the sales manager of ABC Import & Export Company, Ltd.Mr. Wang: I am Wang Qiang from Eastern Electronics Company. I’ve come to meet you, Mr. Stone.Mr. Stone: how are you, Mr. Wang? Thank you for coming to the airport to meet me. Mr. Wang: it’s my pleasure. How many people are there in your party?Mr. Stone: only two. This is Miss White, my assistant.Mr. Wang: nice to meet you, Miss White.Miss. White: nice to meet you too, Mr. Wang.Mr. Stone: I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for long, but the flight was delayed 30 minutes. If it weren’t for the heavy fog, we would have been here by 2:00pm.Mr. Wang: never mind. I was stuck in traffic, too.Mr. Stone: where are we heading now?Mr. Wang: I guess you must be very tired after the long trip, so it is best if we go to your hotel to check in first. If you don’t mind, we’d like to accommodate you at Sheraton Hotel.Mr. Stone: terrific! That’s very considerate of you.(on the way)Mr. Stone: how far is it to the hotel?Mr. Wang: about 45 minutes. Is this your first time here in Tianjin, Mr. Stone?Mr. Stone: yes. We’ve never been here before.Mr. Wang: so you might as well have a look at the city along the way. And we’ll show you around the city after our business.Mr. Stone: that would be great! Thank you very much.Section A: B C B D APart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationConversation: Bon VoyageWang: it’s a shame that you can not stay in Beijing for a few more days, Mr. Knox! Knox: Yes, I’d like to, very much indeed. But I have to rush home and preside over the committee meeting. Anyhow, I really enjoyed every minute of my stay here, your warm reception, as well as your working enthusiasm have left me a deep and vivid impression and helped make my trip a productive one. Wang: it’s very kind of you to say so. Through beautiful negotiation we finally have all the disputes solved and the contract signed. I’m sure our initial transaction will pave the way for further cooperation between our two companies. We’ve been brought closer to each other by this transaction. It’s essential for us, or fora country, to strengthen economic contact with the outside world, isn’t it? Knox: I quite agree with you. In the long run, it makes sense for a nation to specialize in certain activities, producing the goods in which it has the most advantages and exchanging them for those in which it does not have the advantages. Wang: you seem to be an economist, Mr. Knox!Knox: you are to blame for it, Wang. If you hadn’t started this talk about a country’s…well, let’s drop this topic. Economist or not, I hope business between us will prosper. Then we’ll have more opportunities to meet each other. To tell you the truth, I find it very hard to say goodbye. I shall bemissing you, Wang.Wang: me too, I shall be looking forward to your visit again.Knox: next time I come, I shall see more of the city. And I’ve got to try Beijing Roast Duck again, very impressive. But listen, are they announcing my flight? I’m afraid I have to board the plane now.Wang: Bon V oyage, Mr. Knox!Knox: Good-bye. Let’s keep in contact.Wang: Good-bye and take care.Section A: F F T T TUnit 2. Companies and Occupations.Part A. intensive listeningPhonetics: B A D C ADictation:1.Our market share in China has increased by 6%, accounting for 15%.2.How many sections come under the Production Department?3.We have 70330employees world-wide and sales of $19806 million.4.The world wide company has operations in more than 100 countries.5.Secretaries who receive visitors are called receptionists.6.Business hours usually start at 9 am. And finish at 5 pm., Monday to Friday.7.Most of our work consists of looking after the taxation and financial affairs.8.In the United States alone we have a turnover of over $1 billion annually.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: D A D C B1.M: I’ve got a job offer in P&J Chemicals. Do you think I should take it?W: well, I’m not quite familiar with it. You’d better do some research on the internet.Q: what does the woman think of P&J Chemicals?2.W: I’d appreciate your professional opinion. Do you think that I should sue thecompany?M: not really. I think that we can settle this out of court.Q: what is the probable relationship between the two speakers?3.M: should I come for an interview?W: I’ll let you know in two weeks when I hear from the Personnel Department.Q: when should the man come for an interview?4.W: may I have a look around your company?M: sure, I’ll show you. This way please. The canteen is on the ground floor, the Personnel Department and the Sales are on the second floor. And you’ll find our biggest department on the third floor, which is the Production Department.Q: on which floor is the Sales Department?5. M: Good morning. I’m John Green from General Sales Company. I have anappointment with Mr. Smith of the Purchasing Department at ten W: Good morning. Mr. Smith’s office is on the third floor. You can take the lift around the corner.Q: which department does the woman work at?Conversation:McDonald’sTom: Where are we having lunch today?Mary: Since we are visiting another client at 1:30, I guess we’ll just grab sth at McDonald’s. what do you think?Tom: that’s pk with me. We don’t need to bother finding a place to eat, because you can find McDonal d’s everywhere. Bur do you know the history of the bigM?Mary: not really, you seem to be an expert on that. Tell me some. Did a person named McDonald start it?Tom: yes, actually brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald opened their first restaurant in California in 1940.Mary: it has many restaurants around the world now.Tom: quite right. It’s one of the two most recognized and powerful brands in the world. The other is Coca Cola, the only soft drink supplier to McDonal d’s today.McDonal d’s operates over 32000 restaurants in 119 countries worldwide, employing more than 1.5 million people. It is growing with an average of 396 new restaurants to the system annually in the past five years. This means a new McDonal d’s will open somewhere in the world every single day.Mary: incredible! I wonder how much they make!Tom: sales across all of its company-owned and franchised restaurants totaled $56.9 billion in 2009. its revenues were of $22.7 billion and the net profit amountsto $4.3 billion.Mary: very good business. Do you know when we had the first McDonal d’s in Beijing?Tom: if I’m not wrong. It was 1992. the date , yes, April 23. but actually McDonal d’s very first appearance in China was in Shenzhen on October 8, 1990.Mary: you seem to know everything! Did you work there?Tom: No, I just came across an article in the newspaper the other day!Part C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationConversation: a job interviewInterviewer: thank you for coming to see us, Emily. Have a seat please. Now, I’d like to start by checking a few details with you.Emily: OKInterviewer: your resume says you worked in ABC Electronics, when did you join it? Emily: five years ago. It is a large international company, which provided a trainee program for people from university and, well that was my first job, trainee marketing manager.Interviewer: what exactly did you do?Emily: well, the program lasted 18 months. During that time I worked in different departments—in personnel, purchasing, marketing and such things. O also went out with the sales representatives to visit customers.Interviewer: did you enjoy it?Emily: yes, I did. I didn’t really know what I wanted to do when I left university, so it was god to see what the different departments did. I was really practical. Interviewer: it sounds interesting.Emily: yes, it was. But it was very badly paid. I did the same work as other people. I think a lot of the trainees feel they are a cheap source of labor. Interviewer: how long did you stay there?Emily: till the end of the trainee program. And then I saw a job vacancy in the marketing department of GM, and I applied for a job there. That’s where I work now.Interviewer: but why do you want to leave now?Emily: I want sth more challenging. And I want a job closer to home, too. Interviewer:all right, and what career development are you looking for in our company?Unit 3. products and salesPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: A B D C CDictation:1.we will allow you another 2% discount for its new product.2.the pants are available in four different colors and three sizes.3.our machine is of better quality though the price is a little higher.4.there is a close relationship between building a reputation and establishinggoodwill.pared with competing products, ours is smaller and lighter.6.we have a wide selection of shirts that will appeal to all ages.7.our company relies on quick sales and low profits.8.the sales reached a peak of 850 million in 2006, before falling to under 600million in 2008.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: A B D A C1．W: Do you think we should put an ad in the newspaper for the new product?M: by all means.Q: what does the man think of n ad in the newspaper?2．M: is it the latest model you have?W: Yes, this model is specially designed for personal cyclists. It’s got Italian frame and Japanese components.Q: what product are they talking about?3．W: In what newspapers, magazines or websites does your company advertise?M: we send brochures and samples to our potential customers. That’s more direct.Q: how does the man’s company advertise?4．M: any news from the annual conference?W: yes. The sales of this year are reported to be 120 million, increased by 20% compared with last year.Q: what were the sales last year?5. W: I’d like to get some information about your vacuum cleaner.M: OK. Unlike any other vacuum cleaner, ours is unique. It has some space age design features. Most importantly, there’s no bag inside.Q: what do we learn about the vacuum cleaner?Conversation:Section A: C B D A CPart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationSection A1.warranty2.selling price\3.yearly on-site maintenance service after one-year warranty period4.money-back guarantee5.free deliveryUnit 4. MarketingPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: B D A B BDictation:1.From what I’ve heard, you’re already well up in shipping work.2.I’m sorry to say that your price has soared.3.the next thing I’d like to bring up for discussion is insurance.4.it would be very difficult for us to push any sakes if we buy it at this price.5.we wish our opinions on marketing will be passed on to our manager.6.we sell our goods on loaded weight and not on landed weight.7.it’s too expensive, do you have any discount?8.we can effect shipment in December or early next year at the latest.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: A C D D B1.M: How many do you intend to order?W: I want to order 900 dozen.M: the most we can offer you at present is 600 dozen.Q: how many can the woman order?2.M: TV is much more effective to advertise our new product, but it will cost a lotof money.W: it is worth doing so as long as the result is satisfactory.Q: what does the woman mean?3.W: could we use booklets, letters, and catalogues for direct mail advertising?M: Yes. But you should build up a mailing list of possible customers for direct mail advertising.Q: what should the woman do first?4.W: you are going to Chicago tomorrow, aren’t you?M: Yes. I thought I’d fly, but then I decided that taking a Greyhound bus would be cheaper than driving or flying.Q: how will the man get to Chicago?5. M: I intend to get in the American market, but we know little about the localconditions and preferences.W: market research can help.Q: what does the woman mean?Conversation:Section A: F T F T FSection B:1.advertising\promotional2.on television\in a national newspaper3.posters\point-of-sales displays4.experienced salespeople5.high\T-shirts\umbrellaPart C. Listening & Speaking Integration Section A:1.have very little knowledge\blaze a trial2.defend and compete against3.various kinds and in scorching competition4.keep good relations and co-operationsUnit 5. Business FairsPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: B D D C ADictation:1.I’m calling to inform you that we have decided to make the purchase.2.do you have any plans to sell in Europe?3.our company is ranked second in the business.4.we doubled our output in this department as a result.5.we could make a delivery of this parcel as soon as possible.6.we find our price 25% higher compared with other companies’.7.how much does she have to pay if she stays for 3 days?8.the new company can give him 2000 dollars a month as a start.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: C B D C D1. W: Do you think we should park the car downtown?M: it’s hard to find a place.Q: what does the man mean?2. M: if I place an order on this product, when can you deliver them?W: f or these products, we can arrange shipment at once. It would take longer, say, three months, if you want to order special designs.Q: when can products of special design delivered?3. W: are you glad that you came to work in Washington?M: Yes. Indeed. I’d considered going to New York or Boston, but I’ve never regretted my decision.Q: where does the man live now?4. M: registration always takes so long.W: what bothers me is all the people who cut in line.Q: what bothers the woman?5. M: did you buy your car from that dealer in the city?W: he went out of business last week.Q: what does the woman mean about the car dealer?Conversation:Section A: B D C B CSection B:1.calling from\get some information2.vacant suites\conference hall3.the experts\get the VIP treatment4.the reservation form\by fax5. 1000 RMB Yuan or 120 US DollarsPart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationSection A:1.china international agricultural machinery exhibition2.concerning agriculture\increase the farmers’ income\supporting policies and laws\0086-10-68596444Test IPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: A C B C B D D A B CDictation:1.can you give me an account of your product?2.I want to take part in the exhibition in Miami.3.I know the factory is operating at full capacity.4.I suggest we ride the subway back to our hotel and rest for a while.5.my watch reads 11:30, so we have about 45 minutes to get there.6.have you filled in the Customs Declaration Form?7.we have to arrive at the airport one hour earlier.8.the company was established in 1990 and we have about 1500 employees now.9.our net profits were over 100 million US dollars last year.10.I think some of the items may find a ready market in our country.Part B. Extensive listening-----Dialogues: D B A A B1. W: Jack, have you finished your research paper for economics?M: not yet. I always seem to put things off until the last minute.Q: what are they talking about?2. M: this black bag is $ 2.00 and that blue one is a dollar more.W: the red one is twice as much as the blue one.Q: how much is the red bag?3. W: watching the news on TV is a good way to learn English.M: it’s especially helpful when you check out the same information in the newspaper.Q: what are they talking about?4. M: I like to travel by air. I like getting different places fast. Do you like travelingby air?W: flying makes me nervous. I like feeling the ground under my feet. Traveling by rail and road are my favorite ways of traveling.Q: what does the woman feel about traveling by air?5. W: I’d like to cash this check.M: please sign the back. Do you have any account here?Q: what does the man ask the woman to do to cash money?Passage: D A B C BConversation: Leather products\leather garments\Europe\ FOB ShanghaiPart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationSection A:Newspapers, magazines, online, E-mail, blog, Facebook, twitter and cinema advertising.Making counter displays for dealers to exhibit in their shops.。

汇编语言test指令用法
1. 嘿，你知道汇编语言里的 test 指令吗？就像一把神奇的钥匙！比如说，当你想检测两个数是不是都有某位为 1 的时候，test 指令就能派上大
用场啦！就像在一个复杂的数字迷宫里找到正确的通道一样，简直太酷了啊！
2. 哇哦，test 指令可真是厉害啊！比如在判断一个数是奇数还是偶数时，它就能快速给出答案呢！这就好像有一双锐利的眼睛瞬间看穿一切，厉害吧？
3. 嘿，伙伴们！想想看，用 test 指令来检查一个条件是否满足，是不是特
别神奇？就好比有个小精灵在帮你把关，例子嘛，比如检查一个标志位是否被设置，超级好用呀！
4. 哎呀呀，test 指令能做的可多啦！就拿检查两个数是否相等来说，它就能迅速搞定。

这真的如同一位精确的裁判，一下子就能判断出来，神不神奇？
5. 哇塞，test 指令真是太有用了！比如想知道一个数是否为 0，它就能直接判断。

这就像一个智能探测器，一下子就能找到目标，厉害得很呢！
6. 嘿呀，test 指令的用法你们都清楚了吗？例如在决定是否执行一段代码时，它就能发挥关键作用啦！是不是就像一个决策的开关，酷毙了呀！
7. 哇哦，一定要好好掌握 test 指令呀！就像掌握了一项绝世武功一样。

比
如在处理复杂的逻辑判断时，它就是你的得力助手！能让你的编程如虎添翼呢！
结论：test 指令在汇编语言中有着非常重要的作用，熟练运用它能让我们的编程工作更加高效和有趣。

小学三年级上册英语第四单元期中试卷(答案和解释)英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题2分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I ______ (not/know) where my keys are. I ______ (look) for them everywhere, but I ______ (not/find) them yet. I hope I ______ (find) them soon.2.What do you use to drink water?A. SpoonB. CupC. PlateD. Fork3.Which one is a vegetable?A. BananaB. BroccoliC. OrangeD. Grape4.Which one is a fruit?A. CarrotB. OrangeC. PotatoD. Lettuce5.What do we use to eat soup?A. SpoonB. KnifeC. ForkD. Plate6.It ______ (rain) yesterday, so we ______ (stay) inside all day. My parents ______ (watch) a movie, and I ______ (play) board games with my brother.7.Which of these is a holiday?A. ChristmasB. JanuaryC. SundayD. March8.Which of these animals lives in water?A. DogB. FishC. ElephantD. Lion9.I ______ (wake) up early today because I ______ (have) a test. I ______ (eat) breakfast quickly and then ______ (go) to school. At school, we ______ (study) math and English. The test ______ (be) difficult, but I ______ (do) my best.10.My friends and I ______ (play) soccer in the park yesterday afternoon. We ______ (have) a friendly match, and our team ______ (win). After the game, we ______ (sit) on the grass and ______ (talk) about our plans for the weekend. It ______ (be) a great time.11.Which one is a shape?A. TriangleB. SpoonC. PlateD. Car12.Which of these is a shape?A. ChairB. DogC. CircleD. Table13.Which of the following is a piece of furniture?A. ChairB. DogC. PlateD. Spoon14.Which of these is a fruit?A. CarrotB. TomatoC. PotatoD. Lettuce15.What do we wear on our feet?A. HatB. ShoesC. GlovesD. Shirt16.This morning, I ______ (wake) up late because I ______ (stay) up too late last night.I ______ (rush) to get ready for school, but I ______ (miss) the bus.17.Which of the following is a mode of transportation?A. BookB. CarC. HatD. Shirt18.Which one is a part of the body?A. TableB. HandC. PenD. Chair19.This morning, I _______ (wake) up early because I _______ (have) an important test at school. After I _______ (eat) breakfast, I _______ (study) for a while. I _______ (feel) nervous, but I _______ (know) I _______ (be) prepared. When I _______ (arrive) at school, I _______ (meet) my friends in front of the classroom. We _______ (talk) about the test and _______ (wish) each other good luck. After the test, we _______ (feel) relieved and _______ (celebrate) by going to the cafe.20.Tom _______ (play) the piano every morning before school. Yesterday, he _______ (practice) a new song.21.I ______ (like) to play soccer after school. Every day, I ______ (practice) with my friends at the playground. Last week, we ______ (have) a match against another school. We ______ (win) the match, and I ______ (feel) very happy. Today, we ______ (plan) to play again, but it ______ (rain).22.What is the color of grass?A. WhiteB. YellowC. GreenD. Red23.What do we use to eat with?A. KnifeB. ForkC. SpoonD. All of the above24.Tom is my good friend. He loves to play ______. Every weekend, he goes to the______ with his father. He likes to play basketball, but he also enjoys ______ in the park. Tom’s sister, Lucy, loves to ride her ______ around the neighborhood. They usually bring ______ with them, and they have a fun time together. After playing, they often stop at the ______ to buy ice cream.25.Which of these is a famous landmark in the United Kingdom?A. Eiffel TowerB. ColosseumC. Statue of LibertyD. Big Ben26.Which of these is a day of the week?A. SundayB. JanuaryC. SummerD. December27.What is the opposite of "hot"?A. WarmB. ColdC. FreezingD. Lukewarm28.What is the color of the sun?A. BlueB. YellowC. GreenD. White29.Which of these is a season?A. JanuaryB. WinterC. TuesdayD. Morning30.I have a ______.A. AppleB. ApplesC. ApplesesD. Appley31.Which of these is a color?A. RedB. CarC. ChairD. Table32.Which one is a number?A. SevenB. SpoonC. PlateD. Book33.Where do fish live?A. In the treeB. In the waterC. On the landD. In the sky34.My father is a __. He works in a __. Every day, he wears a __ to work. He helps people by __ their problems. After work, he likes to spend time with us. We play __ or watch a movie together. I am proud of my dad because he helps a lot of people.35.Which one is used for writing?A. PenB. PlateC. SpoonD. Knife36.What do we use to write on paper?A. PencilB. SpoonC. PlateD. Fork37.What is the opposite of "hot"?A. ColdB. WarmC. FastD. Slow38.Yesterday, I ______ (go) to the supermarket to buy some fruit. I ______ (buy) apples, bananas, and oranges.39.Which of these is a vegetable?A. TomatoB. CarrotC. BananaD. Orange40.Tom and I ______ (be) good friends. We ______ (study) together every day. Last week, we ______ (join) a soccer game. Our team ______ (win) the match. We ______ (be) so happy. After the game, we ______ (celebrate) by eating ice cream.41.What is the opposite of "tall"?A. ShortB. ThinC. BigD. Heavy42.What do we use to clean our teeth?A. ToothbrushB. KnifeC. SpoonD. Fork43.What is the opposite of "big"?A. TallB. SmallC. ShortD. Long44.What do we wear on our head?A. HatB. ShoesC. PantsD. Shirt45.Which of these is used to carry things?A. BagB. PlateC. KnifeD. Fork46.Which of these is a holiday?A. JanuaryB. MondayC. ChristmasD. School47.Where does the sun rise?A. In the WestB. In the NorthC. In the EastD. In the South48.Which of these is a fruit?A. AppleB. PotatoC. CucumberD. Carrot49.Which one is a fruit?A. CarrotB. PotatoC. BananaD. Onion50.Which one is used for reading books?A. PhoneB. BookC. TelevisionD. Radio(答案及解释)。

Sublist 1Exercise 1period legal available contract research analysis similar indicate factor economy1.He did an _______________ of the way children learn language for his Master's thesis.analysis2. He was arrested for drunk driving because he had drunk more than the_______________ limit of alcohol. legal3. The culture of the United States is quite _______________ to that of Canada. similar4. The Canadian _______________ is largely based on natural resources. economy5. Environmental pollution seems to be an important _______________ in the increase incancers all over the world. factor6.The apartment will be _______________ on June first. available7. The young popstar became famous while still in high school after winning a_______________ with a major record label. contract8. Your continued lateness for class _______________ to me that you are not really a veryserious student. indicates9. Living in Berlin during the _______________ when the Berlin Wall was torn down wasan unforgettable experience. period10.. Some _______________ into second language learning suggests that oral fluency may increase with moderate amounts of alcohol. research .11. There are wind-surfers and kayaks _______________ for rent at the lake. available12. The planet Mars has a surface which is somewhat _______________ to that of ourmoon. similar13. It could take weeks to _______________ all the data, but when we do, the results willbe very helpful to our project. analyze14. Spencer's father is doing _______________ into the melting of the polar ice cap in theArctic. research15. The boss was really excited when he heard we had won the _______________.contract16. Here in British Columbia, it is not _______________ to sell cigarettes to people underthe age of sixteen. legal17. The low number of people attending the lecture is a clear _______________ of lack ofinterest in the topic. indication18. Alcohol was a major _______________ in a car accident which claimed three lives overthe weekend. factor19. Canada's _______________ growth has been quite consistent for the last few years.economic20.. Canada went through a _______________ of economic prosperity in the s. period . Exercise 2 Use the appropriate forms of the words in the table to fill in the blanks Environment approach finance individual policysource create respond benefit legislation1. One of the _______________ of studying English in Victoria is that you have the opportunity to speakEnglish outside of class. benefits2. The cat slowly _______________ the bush where the mouse was hiding. approached3. A department store spokesman says that their new outlet will _______________ more than 75 permanent jobsin the city. create4. The government recently passed _______________ which prohibits tobacco advertising at sporting events. legislation5. There are many things you can do in your everyday life to help protect the _______________, such as recycling or riding a bicycle. environment6. The _______________ of the river is somewhere in the mountains. source7. You must _______________ to our offer within 30 days or it will be withdrawn. respond8. The government has announced a special program to help _______________ new small businesses. finance9. It is the _______________ of our government that no one should be without food or shelter. policy10. The oldest _______________ to win a medal in the Olympics was Oscar Swahn, who won a silver medal in shooting at the age of 72.11. The government is offering more programs which _______________ low income families. benefit12. She _______________ her boss about getting a raise. approached13. Celebrities generally receive so much fan mail that it is impossible to _______________ to each and every letter personally. respond14. Victoria is generally a safe and friendly _______________ for foreign students to study in. environment15. My father's company has been experiencing some _______________ difficulties, so they are going to haveto lay off some staff. financial16. Many people the world over are urging governments to pass _______________ limiting the development of new cloning technologies. legislation17. In the past 5 years, this government has _______________ 15 new major parks in the province. created18. The refund _______________ at this store allows you to return items for a credit, but not for cash. policy19. The main _______________ of jobs for teenagers in Victoria during the summertime is the tourist industry. source20. Do you believe that _______________ rights are more important than the collective rights of society? individualExercise 3 Use the appropriate forms of the words in the table to fill in the blanks specific major establish role principle interpret formula data concept area1. The old woman couldn't speak English, so her grandchildren had to _______________ for her. interpret2. For very young children, the _______________ of truth and lies are not very clear. concepts3. The English Language Program at the University of Victoria was _______________ in May of .established4. Our society supposedly believes in the _______________ of equality for all. principle5. We will need to examine a lot more _______________ before we can make any conclusions. data6. They want to build a new shopping mall in an _______________ which is presently forest. area7. Smoking is a _______________ cause of cancer. major8. Doctors are as yet unsure what _______________ diet plays in the development of the disease. role9. Coca-Cola has a secret _______________ for its beverage that is only known to a small group of people.formula10.. I don't know what you mean. Can you be a bit more _______________ about what problems your car ishaving? specific11. Under the Soviet system, the economy of Georgia was run on socialist _______________, such as publicownership of the means of production. principles12. The _______________ of an arranged marriage is almost totally unknown in this country. concept13. Gasoline has no _______________ freezing point; it freezes at any temperature between -and -degreesFahrenheit. specific14. The police have not yet been able to _______________ the cause of death for a man who was foundfloating in the river. establish15. We had to memorize about different _______________ for the math test. formulas16. The country covers a total _______________ of over square kilometres. area17. The world's _______________ rainforests are located in South and Central America, and in South-eastAsia. major18. Jefferson has a largely defensive _______________ to play on the team, and is not known for scoring.role19. Heinrich W. Brandes made the first weather map in , based on _______________ gathered in . data20.. We need an accountant to _______________ our financial statements. interpretExercise 4 Use the appropriate forms of the words in the table to fill in the blanks estimate function method consist proceedsection involve structure assess define1. We will use the first week of classes to _______________ your speaking ability. assess2. The test will _______________ of a series of true or false questions and two essay questions. consist3. Nick's job as a salesman _______________ a lot of travelling around the province. involves4. The traditional family _______________ has undergone a great many changes in the last few decades, dueto the increase in the divorce rate. structure5. The _______________ of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body. function6. The grammar notes appear in the back _______________ of the book. section7. His _______________ for the renovations to our house was $2250 estimate8. Attention passengers on flight to Honolulu. Please _______________ to gate where your plane is nowboarding. proceed9. It can be quite difficult to clearly _______________ abstract ideas such as love or friendship. define10.. I don't think hitting children is a very effective _______________ of teaching them anything. method11. I still don't even know how to use half the _______________ of this computer program. functions12. The polar bear's diet _______________ almost entirely of seals and fish. consists13. The coach's new _______________ for teaching basic football skills to small children has been verysuccessful. method14. Fever is usually _______________ as an oral temperature above .degrees. defined15. The value of his art collection has been _______________ at over $ assessed16. The first _______________ of the New York City subway was opened in after four years of work.section17. At an _______________ population of million, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people inAustralia. estimated18. In August , about ,vehicles were _______________ in the biggest traffic jam in Japan's history.involved19. After loading our skis and bags, we _______________ onto the bus. proceeded20.. The eye of an octopus is very similar in _______________ to the human eye. structureExercise 5 Use the appropriate forms of the words in the table to fill in the blanks derive evidence sector assume theoryprocess occur issue identify constitute1. The police freed a suspected murderer because they didn't have enough _______________ to charge him. evidence2. It is important to learn a _______________ which will help you to guess the meaning of new vocabularyfrom context. process3. When you didn't come to work I just _______________ that you were sick. assumed4. Many words in English are _______________ from French. derived5. The woman was unable to _______________ the man who stole her purse because it had been too dark at thetime of the robbery. identify6. The accident _______________ about 9:00 this morning. occurred7. Canada's aboriginal population _______________ a small but important part of our country. constitutes8. An important _______________ under discussion in the world of sport today is the participation of professional athletes in the Olympic Games. issue9. Current _______________ trace our first human ancestor to Africa about 5 to 7 million years ago. theories10. Jobs in the tourism _______________ have risen by over 5% this year. sector11. About 16% of Americans work in the manufacturing _______________. sector12. Current _______________ trace our first human ancestor to Africa about 5 to 7 million years ago. theories13. Bananas and coffee together _______________ almost 38% of Costa Rica's export earnings. constitute14. One can _______________ some important conclusions using the results of a proper set of experiments. derive15. He doesn't have enough _______________ to support his theories just yet. evidence16. Our response to the controversial social _______________ of our time will determine our future. issues17. The music which the world _______________ with Argentina is the music of the tango. identifies18. It will take a least a month to _______________ your application for a visa. process19. Many people seem to _______________ that Canadians are just the same as Americans. assume20. Earthquakes _______________ in the world about once every hour. occurExercise 6 Use the appropriate forms of the words in the table to fill in the blanks percentage significant distribute income authorityvary require labour export context1. Management is meeting with _______________ to begin discussions on a new contract. labour2. He is a well-known _______________ on the language used by bees to communicate the location of food. authority3. Could you please _______________ the answer sheets while I hand out the tests? distribute4. The amount of rain we receive _______________ from year to year of course, but this year has been very dry. varies5. Vocabulary is generally easier to understand if you look at it in _______________. context6. This airline seat-sale _______________ you to book your ticket at least a month in advance. requires7. We have noticed a _______________ improvement in Teddy's attitude since you had a talk with him. significant8. I think that the _______________ of students that have to repeat a level in this program is usually about 25%or less. percentage9. In the future, Canada will be under great pressure to _______________ fresh water to the United States. export10. It is generally quite difficult to raise a family on a single _______________ in Canada today, so very often both parents work full-time. income11. One's values should be viewed in the _______________ of one's culture. context12. Every Christmas, she works hard to _______________ food and blankets to the homeless. distribute13. The diet of brown bears _______________ depending on what foods are available in that particular seasonor habitat. varies14. Oman's economy is based on petroleum, which accounts for 99 percent of _______________ revenues. export15. Studies show that women are much less likely than men to occupy positions of _______________ at work. authority16. Visas are not _______________ for Americans who plan to stay in England for less than three months. required17. Our family _______________ was lower than usual last year because my wife quit work in August to have our baby. income18. Huang and van Naerssen have found that reading outside class is the most _______________ predictor of speaking ability in a second language. significant19. She invests a certain _______________ of her earnings in the stock market each month. percentage20. The _______________ of weeding the garden was too much for his weak back. labour。

linux test命令的用法标题: Linux Test命令的用法与详解引言：在Linux系统中，test命令是一个非常常用的工具，它用于文件和字符串的比较以及条件判断。

它可以判断文件的存在性、性质和大小，还可以比较字符串的相等性、长度以及正则表达式等。

本文将详细介绍test命令以及它的用法，希望能为读者在学习和使用Linux系统时提供参考。

一、什么是test命令test命令是Linux中的一个内置命令，它用于判断条件的真假，并返回相应的退出状态码。

通常情况下，退出状态码0表示条件成立，1表示条件不成立。

test命令的语法形式如下：test [condition]二、test命令的常用条件1. 文件条件：- -e file：判断文件是否存在；- -f file：判断文件是否存在且为普通文件；- -d file：判断文件是否存在且为目录；- -s file：判断文件是否存在且大小不为0；- -r file：判断文件是否存在且可读；- -w file：判断文件是否存在且可写；- -x file：判断文件是否存在且可执行；2. 字符串条件：- -z string：判断字符串长度是否为0；- -n string：判断字符串长度是否不为0；- string1 = string2：判断两个字符串是否相等；- string1 != string2：判断两个字符串是否不相等；- -eq：判断两个字符串的长度是否相等；- -ne：判断两个字符串的长度是否不相等；- string1 > string2：判断字符串1的长度是否大于字符串2的长度；- string1 < string2：判断字符串1的长度是否小于字符串2的长度；3. 数值条件：- -eq num1 num2：判断两个数字是否相等；- -ne num1 num2：判断两个数字是否不相等；- num1 -gt num2：判断num1是否大于num2；- num1 -ge num2：判断num1是否大于或等于num2；- num1 -lt num2：判断num1是否小于num2；- num1 -le num2：判断num1是否小于或等于num2；三、test命令的实际应用1. 文件相关操作：查找并删除大小为0的文件，命令如下：shellfind /path/to/directory -type f -size 0 -exec rm {} \;2. 字符串相关操作：判断一个字符串是否为空，命令如下：shellstr="Hello World!"if [ -n "str" ]; thenecho "字符串不为空"elseecho "字符串为空"fi3. 数值相关操作：判断一个数字是否为偶数，命令如下：shellnum=4if [ ((num 2)) -eq 0 ]; thenecho "是偶数"elseecho "不是偶数"fi四、test命令的注意事项1. test命令中的各个条件之间要用空格分隔，注意空格的位置；2. 在条件判断中，变量和操作符之间也要用空格分隔；3. test命令可以使用逻辑运算符（&&、）进行条件的组合；4. test命令也可以使用圆括号对条件进行分组。

pet《新版1(标准版)》等级考试英语试卷test1试卷全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1PET (Preliminary English Test) is an English language exam offered by the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations. It is a widely recognized qualification for individuals who wish to demonstrate their English proficiency for work, study, or travel purposes. The new version of the PET exam, also known as the Standard Version, has been designed to test candidates on their listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills.Test 1 of the PET exam consists of four parts, each testing a different skill set. The first part is a listening section where candidates listen to a variety of recordings and answer multiple-choice questions based on what they hear. This part assesses the candidate's ability to understand spoken English in different contexts.The second part is a reading section where candidates read a series of texts and answer multiple-choice questions or fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. This section tests the candidate's comprehension and vocabulary skills.The third part is a writing section where candidates are required to write a short letter or email based on a given prompt. This part assesses the candidate's ability to write in English with correct grammar and spelling.The final part is a speaking section where candidates engage in a conversation with an examiner and another candidate. They are asked to discuss a topic and express their opinions on it. This part tests the candidate's ability to speak fluently and coherently in English.Overall, the PET exam is a comprehensive test that evaluates a candidate's English language skills in listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Passing the exam demonstrates that the candidate has a solid foundation in English and is capable of using the language in real-life situations. It is a valuable qualification that can open up new opportunities for work, study, and travel.篇2PET (Preliminary English Test) is an international language test for speakers of other languages. It is aimed at an Intermediate level and covers the four language skills - Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking. The new version of the PET test,known as PET 1 (Standard Version), has been redesigned to reflect the changes in English language learning and teaching.This article will provide a detailed overview of the PET《新版1(标准版)》level exam English test 1.Section 1: ListeningThe Listening section consists of four parts and is approximately 30 minutes long. Students will listen to a recording and answer multiple-choice questions based on the information they hear. They will also need to fill in the missing information in a form or complete sentences.Section 2: Reading and WritingThe Reading and Writing section is divided into two parts and takes around 90 minutes to complete. Part 1 requires students to read various texts and answer multiple-choice questions, while Part 2 asks them to write a short essay or letter based on a given prompt.Section 3: SpeakingThe Speaking section is conducted in pairs and lasts for about 10-12 minutes. Students will be asked to engage in a conversation with the examiner, describe a picture, and discuss a short topic with their partner.Overall, the PET 1 exam aims to assess a student's ability to communicate effectively in English, both written and spoken. It is a valuable certification for individuals who wish to demonstrate their proficiency in the language for academic or professional purposes.In conclusion, the PET《新版1(标准版)》level exam English test 1 is a comprehensive evaluation of a student's English language skills. It covers all aspects of language learning and provides a well-rounded assessment of their abilities. Students who successfully pass this exam can use it as a stepping stone to further their studies or career prospects.篇3Pet (Preliminary English Test) is an English language exam that tests the ability of non-native speakers to communicate in English in everyday situations. The test is designed for students who have a basic understanding of the English language and want to improve their skills further.The following is a sample test paper for the Pet exam:PET (Preliminary English Test) – Test 1Reading and WritingPart 1: Multiple Choice1. Choose the word that best fits the blank space in the sentence:I don't like _________ coffee. I prefer tea.a) theb) ac) somed) any2. What time does the film _________?a) beginsb) beginc) is beginningd) beginning3. _________ are the keys to the car?a) Whereb) Whatc) HowPart 2: Multiple ChoiceRead the text and choose the best answer for each question.My name is Emily and I am 12 years old. I live in London with my parents and two younger brothers. I love playing sports and spending time with my friends. My favorite subject at school is English because I enjoy reading and writing stories.4. How old is Emily?a) 10b) 11c) 12d) 135. What is Emily's favorite subject?a) Mathb) Sciencec) Historyd) English6. Where does Emily live?b) Londonc) New Yorkd) SydneyListeningPart 1: Multiple ChoiceListen to the conversation and choose the best answer for each question.7. What time does the library open?a) 8:00 amb) 9:00 amc) 10:00 amd) 11:00 am8. How many books can you borrow at a time?a) 2b) 3c) 4d) 5Part 2: MatchingListen to the conversation and match the sentences to the pictures.9. _____ It's sunny today.10. _____ I'm going to the beach.WritingWrite an email to your friend about your favorite holiday destination. Include information about the weather, activities, and attractions in the area.Overall, the Pet exam is a comprehensive test of English language skills and is designed to assess the ability of non-native speakers to communicate effectively in English. By practicing with sample test papers like the one above, students can improve their English proficiency and increase their chances of success in the exam. Good luck!。

一、keys简介在Python中，keys是一个非常重要的数据结构，用于存储和操作键值对。

它提供了一种简单有效的方式来管理键和值之间的关系，并在需要时通过键来访问相应的值。

二、keys的基本用法在Python中，你可以使用keys来创建一个字典（dictionary），字典是一种可变的数据结构，用于存储键值对。

你可以使用键来访问字典中的值，而不需要通过索引或其他方式。

以下是一个简单的示例，展示了如何创建一个字典并使用keys来访问其中的值：```python# 创建一个字典my_dict = {"name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}# 使用keys来访问值name = my_dict.keys()[0] # 获取第一个键（name）对应的值print(name) # 输出：John```在这个例子中，我们首先创建了一个包含三个键值对的字典。

然后，我们使用keys()方法获取了第一个键（name）对应的值，并将其赋值给变量name。

最后，我们打印出name的值，即"John"。

三、keys的高级用法除了基本的使用方法外，keys还提供了许多高级功能，可以帮助你更有效地使用它。

以下是一些常用的高级用法：1. 遍历keys：你可以使用for循环来遍历keys列表，从而访问字典中的所有值。

例如：```pythonfor key in my_dict.keys():print(key) # 输出：name, age, city```2. keys的长度：你可以使用len()函数来获取字典中keys的长度，从而了解字典中包含多少个键。

例如：```pythonprint(len(my_dict.keys())) # 输出：3```3. keys的排序：如果你需要按照特定的顺序访问keys，可以使用sorted()函数对keys进行排序。

小学三年级上册英语第2单元期末试卷(答案和解释)英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题2分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I __________ (study) hard for my math test yesterday. I __________ (finish) all my exercises and __________ (feel) confident. However, during the test, I __________ (make) some mistakes. I __________ (not be) happy about it, but I __________ (learn) from my errors. After school, I __________ (ask) my teacher for help with the questionsI __________ (not understand).2.What do you use to open a door?A. KeyB. KnifeC. ForkD. Plate3.I ______ (not like) to wake up early, but I ______ (have) to wake up at 6:30 AM for school. I ______ (get) dressed and ______ (eat) breakfast quickly. Then, I ______ (take) the bus to school. After school, I ______ (go) home, do my homework, and ______ (play) outside.4.Which one is the opposite of "day"?A. MorningB. NightC. NoonD. Evening5.What is the color of grass?A. RedB. YellowC. GreenD. Blue6.What is the opposite of "hot"?A. coldB. warmC. spicyD. soft7.Lily is learning to play the piano. She practices every day after school. She plays a__________ (1) song and uses her __________ (2) fingers to press the keys. Her teacher says she is doing __________ (3).8.Which animal is known for being slow?A. RabbitB. TurtleC. CheetahD. Dog9.Which season comes after summer?A. WinterB. SpringC. AutumnD. Rainy10.I __________ (not like) to wake up early. On weekends, I __________ (sleep) until 9:00 AM. My brother, however, __________ (get) up at 7:00, even on weekends. He__________ (enjoy) playing video games early in the morning.11.I always ______ (help) my parents with the housework. Yesterday, I ______ (vacuum) the living room and ______ (clean) the windows. After that, I ______ (relax) and ______ (watch) TV.12.Which of these is a shape?A. SquareB. AppleC. TableD. Car13.I ______ (not/know) where my keys are. I ______ (look) for them everywhere, butI ______ (not/find) them yet.14.Which of these is a type of bird?A. TigerB. DogC. SparrowD. Elephant15.What is the color of a banana?A. RedB. GreenC. YellowD. Blue16.What do we use to drink?A. SpoonB. KnifeC. ForkD. Cup17.Which of these is a form of transportation?A. BicycleB. BookC. HatD. Chair18.Which of these is a form of communication?A. CarB. PhoneC. KnifeD. Fork19.Which one is the correct plural form of "cat"?A. catsB. catC. catsD. catties20.We __________ (1) a test in English yesterday. I __________ (2) it very hard, but I __________ (3) my best. The questions __________ (4) quite easy, and I __________ (5) all of them. I __________ (6) to get a good grade!21.Which one is used to cut paper?A. ScissorsB. KnifeC. SpoonD. Plate22.What is the opposite of "fast"?A. SlowB. BigC. LightD. Heavy23.Emma is baking cookies with her mom. First, she mixes the __________ and__________ together in a bowl. Then, she adds some __________ and __________ to make the dough. After that, she shapes the dough into small balls and places them on the __________. Finally, Emma puts the tray in the oven to bake the cookies.24.Which one is a color?A. PurpleB. SpoonC. PlateD. Chair25.Which of these is a holiday?A. MondayB. ChristmasC. AprilD. Winter26.I ______ (wake) up at 6:30 AM every day. After I ______ (get) dressed, I ______ (eat) breakfast with my family. Then, I ______ (leave) for school. School ______ (start) at 8:00 AM, and I ______ (arrive) at 7:55 AM. I always ______ (feel) happy to see my friends when I ______ (get) to school.27.Lucy loves __________ (1). She has a collection of __________ (2) at home. Every week, Lucy visits the __________ (3) to borrow new __________ (4). Her favorite books are __________ (5) because she enjoys reading about different countries and cultures. After reading, Lucy likes to __________ (6) about the stories with her friends. She also keeps a __________ (7) where she writes down her thoughts.28.What do we use to clean the floor?A. PlateB. KnifeC. MopD. Spoon29.Which color is the sky on a clear day?A. BlueB. GreenC. YellowD. Red30.It is a sunny day today. I ______ (go) to the park with my friends. We ______ (play) football for an hour. After that, we ______ (eat) lunch at the picnic table. I ______ (have) a sandwich and some juice. My friend Tom ______ (bring) cookies to share with everyone. We ______ (have) a lot of fun and ______ (decide) to meet again next week.31.Which of these is used to make a phone call?A. TelevisionB. RadioC. TelephoneD. Camera32.We _______ (study) English every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. In our English class, we _______ (learn) new words and _______ (practice) speaking. My teacher always _______ (ask) us to read aloud.33.Sarah is excited because tomorrow is her __________ (1) birthday! She has invited all of her friends to her party. They will play __________ (2) and eat lots of __________ (3). Sarah’s favorite food is __________ (4), and her best friend, Lily, loves __________ (5). At the party, they will also play __________ (6) and dance to music. Sarah’s mom has bought a beautiful __________ (7) for her to wear. After the party, Sarah plans to open all her __________ (8). She is looking forward to __________ (9) her presents!34.Which one is a fruit?A. CarrotB. BananaC. PotatoD. Tomato35.Which of the following is a color?A. AppleB. CatC. RedD. Dog36.What is the opposite of hot?A. ColdB. WarmC. BigD. Soft37.Which is a type of tree?A. TulipB. RoseC. PineD. Daisy38.Jack is riding his bike to the park. He wears a __________ to keep his head safe. The road is __________, and Jack rides __________. When he reaches the park, he meets his friends and they start playing __________. After playing for a while, they sit under a __________ and drink some __________.39.I usually __________ (go) to school by bus, but yesterday I __________ (walk) because the weather __________ (be) very nice. My friend Jack __________ (be) with me, and we __________ (talk) all the way to school. We __________ (arrive) at school on time and __________ (say) hello to our teacher.40.Which is a season?A. JanuaryB. WinterC. MondayD. Sunday41.It __________ (rain) outside right now. I __________ (not bring) my umbrella, so I __________ (get) wet if I __________ (go) outside. I __________ (wait) for the rain to stop before I __________ (leave). My brother __________ (have) an umbrella, but I__________ (not borrow) it because I __________ (think) the rain will stop soon.42.What do you call a place where we buy books?A. SupermarketB. LibraryC. BookstoreD. Playground43.Jack is at the supermarket. He is shopping for some __________. He puts some__________, __________, and __________ into his cart. After shopping, Jack goes to the __________ to pay for everything.44.We ______ (live) in a small town. There ______ (be) a park near our house, and we ______ (often/play) there after school. Last week, we ______ (have) a picnic in the park. We ______ (bring) sandwiches, fruit, and juice. It ______ (be) a wonderful day.45.Which of these is a color?A. ElephantB. PurpleC. SpoonD. House46.Emily and her friends are in the park. They are having a __________. Emily lays out a __________ and puts some sandwiches, fruit, and drinks on it. After eating, they play __________ and have a __________ time together.47.What do you use to clean your hands?A. TowelB. BrushC. SoapD. Knife48.What do we wear on our head?A. ShoesB. HatC. GlovesD. Scarf49.Every Saturday, I __________ (go) to the park with my family. We __________ (bring) sandwiches and drinks for a picnic. My sister __________ (like) to play on the swings, while I __________ (enjoy) reading a book under a tree. After lunch, we__________ (take) a walk around the lake. I __________ (look) forward to this every week because it’s always so relaxing.50.We __________ (have) a party last Friday. We __________ (invite) all our friends. Everyone __________ (bring) food, and we __________ (dance) and __________ (sing) together.(答案及解释)。

Keys to Unit 1Extended Reading Skills Practice1. 直接定义bilingual: 会说两种语言的2. 近义复述attribute: 特质，才能3. 对比和比较表达litter: 狼崽4. 举例表达ravenous: 饿极了5. 解释说明procrastinating: 拖延；耽搁6. 构词法unforeseeable: 不能预见7. 常识trays: 托盘或盘子Extended Translating Skills Practice1. 我没有数学方面的天赋。

（原文中的head本来是“头脑”的意思，但是可以引申为“对数学没有天赋”。

）2. 男孩兴奋得眼睛睁得圆圆的。

3. 这对双胞胎兄弟毫不相似。

科林个子高而且很活跃，约翰个子矮而且老成。

4. 激光的妙处就在于它能进行机械加工而不必实际接触所加工的材料。

5. 这里为国内市场生产了许多产品。

6. 松树的树根在石缝间扎了下去。

Extended Writing Skills and Practice1)(Topic sentence) The ability to write well-organized, concise paragraphs isessential to a student’s success in almost all university courses.(Developing sentences)In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments, a student must present his or her findings in logical order and clear language in order to receive a favorable evaluation of his work. In writing successful answers to essay questions on history or anthropology examinations, a student must arrange the relevant facts and opinions according to some accepted pattern of paragraph structure. And certainly in writing a book report for English, or a critique for political studies, or a term paper for sociology, a student must pay attention to the style and organization as well as the content. (Concluding sentence) Clearly, skill in expository writing is crucial to successful achievement in most university subjects.2)(Topic sentence) This term several useful and interesting courses have beenoffered.(Developing sentences) An introduction to European Culture, for instance, gives us a lot of background knowledge of the history of European philosophy, literature, and arts. From time to time we see slide shows of famous paintings and hear tapes of famous pieces of music, and they make the lectures all the more interesting. American Society and Culture is another course that attracts a large audience. The teacher, who visited the United States not long ago, discusses new trends and changes in American life as well as American history and traditions.(Concluding sentence)We like these and other courses verymuch, because they help us not only to improve our English but also to broaden our vision.Key to Review and Test (1)Part I WritingOpen.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A2. C3. D4. B5. D6. C7. CSection B8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. CSection C16. B 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. C 21. C 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. APart III Reading ComprehensionSection A26. D 27. B 28. E 29. J 30. I 31. K 32. O 33. M 34. A 35. HSection B36. B 37. N 38. G 39. A 40. D 41. J 42. C 43. H 44. E 45. MSection C46. C 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. C 52. B 53. B 54. D 55. DPart IV Translation【参考译文】Many people are fond of Chinese cuisine. In China, it is not only regarded as a craftsmanship, but also as an art. An exquisitely prepared Chinese cuisine is a feast for both the mouth and the eyes. The culinary skill and dish ingredients vary in different regions of China, but good Chinese cuisines always share something in common, i.e. the color, aroma, taste and nutrition. As food is vital for one’s health, a good chef always tries to strike a balance among grains, meat and vegetables. That’s why Chinese cuisine is tasty and healthy.。