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尊敬的各位专家和同仁们，我想感谢您们能够抽出宝贵的时间来阅读并回复本文。
今天我将在此发表一篇新向标英语四级模拟试题，希望可以得到各位的批评和指导。
1. 阅读文章Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10,plete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Questions 1-10The Internet and globalization have changed the way people interact and develop their relationships. In the past, people often relied on face-to-facemunication to foster relationships with others. However, in today’s society, many people have turned to the Internet to meet new friends,municate with others and m本人nt本人n their relationships.In a study conducted by the Pew Research Center, it was found that 35 of adults have used social media to meet new friendsand 57 have used it to make new business contacts. This change in the way people develop relationships has had both positive and negative effects.One positive effect of the Internet and globalization on relationships is that it has allowed people to connect with others from all over the world. It is now possible for people to form friendships and business connections with individuals from different countries and cultures. This has not only broadened people’s social circles, but also increased their awareness and understanding of the world.On the other hand, the Internet and globalization have also had some negative effects on relationships. For example, some people have be so engrossed in their online relationships that they have neglected their offline relationships. Additionally, the Internet has made it easier for people to engage in dishonest behavior, such as lying about their identity and intentions.In conclusion, the Internet and globalization have brought about significant changes in the way people develop their relationships. While it has made it easier for people to connect with others from around the world, it has also brought aboutsome negative consequences.2. 听力部分Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 11-15, mark A) if the statement is true, mark B) if the statement is false, and mark C) if the statement has no information.Questions 11-1511. The Internet has changed the way people interact and develop their relationships.12. According to the study conducted by the Pew Research Center, 57 of adults have used social media to meet new friends.13. One positive effect of the Internet and globalization is that it has allowed people to form friendships with individuals from different countries.14. The Internet has made it easier for people to engage in dishonest behavior, such as lying about their identity and intentions.15. The Internet has not brought about any negative consequences in the way people develop relationships.3. 翻译部分Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.Part A请按照以下要求，将第1到第5段译成英语。
高中英语知识点大全（54）：exam / exmination / test / quiz的区别1、exam / exmination / test / quizexamination通常只指正式的“考试”，如期末考试、入学考试等。
exam 是examination的缩写，常用于口语，多为学生使用。
test为“小考”成“考查”；quiz 为“测验”,特指事先无准备，随时进行的测验，也可指（广播节目中的）一般知识测验、问答比赛、猜谜等。
例如：He did very well in the entrance examination. 他在入学考试中成绩很好。
There’s going to be a physics test this afternoon.今天下午将进行物理考试。
The teacher gave us a five-minute quiz.老师对我们进行了一次五分钟的小测验。
2、example / pattern / modelpattern “型、式样、图样”可指供模仿的某物原型或精心设计出的图样或模型，也可指榜样。
如：Can you use the sentence pattern?他会用这个句型吗？She is a pattern for us.她是我们学习的典范。
model “模型、模范”，指供模仿或值得信效的人或物。
如：Have you seen his model ship?你看见过他的船模吗？example“例子、榜样”,主要指人及其行为和活动被他人信效。
如：Example is better than precept.身教重于言教。
3、expect/ wait二者均有“等待”之意，但有不同。
expect侧重心理状态，因而可译为“期待，期盼”，是及物动词；而wait指行动，有“不干别的事专门等”之意，是不及物动词。
对比：They are busy with prepartions, expecting the foreign guests.他们忙着准准备，期待着外宾的到来。
第一章1、什么是分析与设计？1、分析强调对问题和需求的调查研究2、设计强调的是满足需求的概念上的解决方案2、什么是面向对象分析与设计？1、在面向对象分析过程中，强调的是在问题领域内发现和描述对象（或概念）2、在面对对象设计过程中，强调的是定义软件对象以及它们如何协作以实现需求。
3、简单示例：1、定义用例（use case）需求分析可能包括人们如何使用应用的情节或场景，这些情节或场景可以被编写成用例。
2、定义领域模型（domain model）面向对象分析的结果可以表示为领域模型，在领域模型中展示重要的领域概念或对象。
需要注意的是，领域模型并不是对软件对象的描述，它使真实世界领域中的概念和想象可视化。
（也被称为概念领域模型—conceptual object model）3、定义交互图关注的是软件对象的定义—它们的职责和协作。
顺序图（sequence diagram）是描述协作的常见方法。
它展示对象之间的信息流，和由消息引起的方法调用。
4、定义设计类图除了在交互图中显示对象协作的动态视图外，还可以用设计类图（design class diagram）来有效的表示类定义的静态视图。
这样可以描述类的属性和方法。
与领域模型表示的是真实世界的类，设计类图表示的是软件类要注意的是，尽管设计类图不同于领域模型，但是其中的某些类名和内容还是相似的。
第二章1、什么是UML？统一建模语言（UML）是描述、构造和文档化系统制品的可视化语言。
UML表示法的基础是UML元模型，它描述建模元素的语义，UML元模型对模型驱动架构（Model Driven Architecture, MDA）CASE工具供应商具有影响。
开发者并不需要对其进行学习。
2、三种UML应用方式1、UML作为草图—非正式的、不完整的图，借助可视化语言的功能，用于探讨问题或解决方案空间的负责部分。
2、UML作为蓝图—相对详细的设计图。
用于：①逆向工程；②代码生成。
Key to Model test 11. We all took it for granted that he would take part in the party, but he didn’t turn up till the end.2.Unfortunately, no one in the class can work out the difficult problem. It is a pity that no one in the class can work out the difficult problem3.Even a student of average intelligence can become a top student by working hard.4.You should/are supposed to give up some of your hobbies so that you can spend more time on your study.5.Have you caught a cold or something? You should have gone to the doctor earlier.Key to Model test 21.He took over the business from his father when he was 25, and it turned out that he was more successful than his father.2.It is well known that our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicatewith each other.3.John declared that he would not get married until he found a satisfactory job.4.The police set out to look into the traffic accident and tried to find out who should be responsible for it.5.It was proposed that the meeting be put off till next week.Key to Model test 31.Once you have made a promise, you should stick to it, however difficult it may be.2.In spite of all the difficulties, we are determined to carry out the project as planned.3.Scientists should come up with new methods of increasing the world’s food supply so as to meet the needs of the ever-increasing population.4.Due to the injure on the left leg, John could barely walk without help.5.Young people under 18 are prohibited fromdrinking alcohol in some western countries.Key to Model test 41.What do you think s scientist must do in order to catch up with the latest development in his field?2.The second half of the game was by far more exciting than the first half.3.Judging from the response of the audience, his speech was quite a success.puters produced/turned out in this company are superior in quality to those in other companies.5.But for their generous help, I could not have completed the task within such a short time.Key to Model test 51.Faced with such a rival/an opponent, he stands little chance of winning/chances that he will win are rather slim.2.The majority of teachers objected to the proposal of selecting course online.3.As long as you can concentrate on your work, you are sure to succeed.4.He had some difficulty in adjusting himself to the new situation.5.The child was the only one that survived the air crash.Key to Model test 61.Contrary to our expectation, he chose to work instead of applying to that famous university.2.My uncle is fond of music, classic music in particular.3.They set up a school in honor of those who died in the war.4.The town looks totally different from what it was ten years ago.5.On hearing the news that she fired, she burst into tears.Key to Model test 71. I admit I should feel ashamed of what hashappened.2.He traveled day and night so that he couldget home as soon as possible.3.He would rather be punished than tell lies tothe teacher.4.He tricked the girl into marrying him bypretending that he was the son of a millionaire.5.Due to the financial and mental pressure,Peter finally broke down in health.Key to Model test 81.The small village was isolated from the outside world by the heavy snow.2.As far as color is concerned, I prefer the blue coat.3.In a way, I agree with your estimate of the situation.4.The pointed roof is typical of the houses in South China.5.Librated from the housework, many housewives have found a satisfactory joboutside home.Key to Model test91. I don’t see what’s the point of your doing so.2. These two articles are similar to each other in both content and style.3.The government (was) determined to take effective steps to beautify the city.4.If only you had informed me of his coming earlier!5.Now that you have chosen to live in the city, you should live with/put put with/endure/stand the hot weather here.Key to Model test 101.Neither my husband nor I know how to handle such a complicated problem.2.He was proud of the contribution his son had made to the country.3.He brushed aside/paid little attention to all our objections and insisted that the policy beput into practice.4.The police were determined to arrest the criminal wherever he might hide.5.Being short of experience, he always fell behind the others at the beginning.Key to Model test 111.Whether or not we may not go to the picnic depends, to a large extent, on the weather.2.You’d better book the room in advance lest on rooms be available when you arrive.3.The production in our factory this year is five times more than that if last year.4.No sooner had he arrived at the station than the train began to move.5.Undoubtedly he has no intention of going abroad, because he has made up his mind to devote himself to the educational cause of his motherland.Key to Model Test 121.Given enough financial and manpowersupport, we would be able to complete the task successfully.2.It is believed by some people that the more money one has, the happier he will be. But this is not always the case.3.It was his firm faith in victory that brought him through the disaster.4.At first he tried to deny his involvement in this robbery, but he confessed to the police in the end.5.He acted on the door’s suggestion and stopped smoking.Key to Model test 131.Consumers are always misled by advertisements and buy something more than necessary.2.Allen is a boy of few words, but when it comes to sports, he becomes very talkative.3.The atmosphere is composed of certain gases mixed together in definite proportions.4.By mistake the storekeeper gave a 50-yuannote instead of a 10-yuan note.5.Einstein is the only person I know who could come to terms with the world around him.Key to Model test 141.He promised he would live up to what his parents expected of him.2.A committed teacher is supposed to devote himself to his work.3.He is selfish. His unwillingness to help his friends is a good case in point.4.His silence made him somewhat out of place at such a happy party.5.In many big cities, cars have taken the place of/replaced bikes and become the major means of transportation.Key to Model test 151.It took my father about one year to get used to living in a large city.2.To our surprise, he was accused of/was charged with murder by the police.3.The way he talks often reminds me of his grandfather.4.Students regard her not only as a good teacher but as a good friend as well.5.The United Nation urges the government in different countries to settle problems in a peaceful way.Key to Model test 161.Mr. Johnson said he would like to talk it over with his wife before he could give me a reply.2.This school attaches much importance to the role outdoor activities play in the education of children.3.See to it that all the lights are turned off before you leave the classroom.4.On seeing his funny face we couldn’t help laughing.5.Obviously, I had little in common with him on this topic.Key to Model test 171.The two companies have come to an agreement after a long-time negotiation.2.Mum took advantage of the good weather and gave the house a thorough clean.3.Whatever you do, you must keep in mind the interests of the state.4.What really counts is not how many books you have read but what you have read.5.Many children in the mountainous areas have been deprived of the right of being educated because of poverty.Key to Model test 181.Several hours had passed before he convinced/persuaded the judge of his innocence.2.With the whole family living on his small income, he could not afford to send his daughter to the university.3.Sally cannot wait to tell her parents the news that he had been admitted to Peking University.4.When he was young, he showed interest in science and longed to become a scientist in the future.5.I believe that a happy marriage mainly lies in the mutual respect and loyalty between husband and wife.Key to Model test 191.Yesterday I ran across an old friend with whom I have lost contact for years in the bookstore.2.Considering he has only been learning English for one year, he does speak it very well.3.The professor never refers to any material while giving a lecture.4.He attributed/owed his success to his parents’support and his own diligence/hardwork.5.Don’t expect too much of him; he is a child after all.Key to Model test 201.As long as you return the book to me in three days, I can lend it to you.2.Your neglecting your duty resulted in/led to/brought about a serious consequence.3.Their miserable life constitutes a sharp contrast to that of the rich.4.I was on the point of giving up when a good idea occurred to me.5.Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.。
VECM案例分析1 VECM模型的具体构建步骤VECM模型的具体运用主要包括以下几个步骤：1、序列的单位根检验与VAR模型不同，VECM模型是针对非平稳序列而言的。
因此在进行协整检验和运用VECM前需进行单位根检验。
2、协整检验协整检验关键是协整形式和滞后阶数的选择。
3、VECM模型的估计若存在协整关系，就可以建立相对应的VECM模型.进行估计了。
4、VECM模型的残差检验残差检验与VAR模型类似，包括残差的独立性检验。
5、VECM模型的应用VECM模型的应用与VAR模型类以包括预测、脉冲响应与方差分解。
VECM模型的应用举例4.4.1案例分析的背景中国人民银行长期以来坚持以CPI作为货币政策导向，并没有考虑资产价格这一目标。
但是随着中国经济市场化程度的不断深化，以股票市场为核心的资本市场的作用日益凸显。
货币政策是否对股票市场产生影响，以及股票市场是否在货币政策传导中充当了作用已成为学术界关注的焦点问题。
本例将对物价水平、货币政策、股票市场的相互关系进行分析。
4.4.2实验数据本实验选取了CPI、广义货币供应量（m）、Shiboi .上证A股指数（index）1996年12月至2010年11月月度数据进行分析。
4.4.3 VECM模型的构建1、数据处理由于CPI和上证A股指数都是相对数，为了减少基期的影响以及减少异方差性.对CPI和上证A股指数取对数。
观察广义货币供应量的图形，以及货币政策的特点，分析广义货币供应量（M）的可能季节性特征，这里采用X12进行分析。
在M 的窗口点击proc/seasonal adjustment/census X12...,分析结果如下:Sum of Squares Dgrs ・ ofFreedomMeanSquare F-ValueBetween months61.603911 5.6003513.023** Residual67.08721560.43005Total128.6910167**Seasonality present at the O.l per cent level・从而M存在季节性。
Model Test 1参考答案Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. D2. A3. C4. D5. D6. C7. C8. Richard I, Henry VIII and Queen Victoria9. there are few renowned British composers10. from a weekend to three or four weeksPart Ⅲ Listening Comprehension11.C12. A13.B 14.A15.D16.D17.C 18.B 19. A20. C21. B 22. D23. B24. A25. A26. C27. A28. A 29. B30. B31. C32. D 33. C34. B35. B36. situation37. opinions38. trial 39. methods 40. stages41. recognize42. broken43. define44. he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame45. Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions46. After studying the problem, he should have several suggestions for a possible solutionPart IV Reading Comprehension47. C 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. A 52. B 53. D 54. B 55. B 56. D57. A 58. D 59. C 60. B 61. APart V Cloze62. 答案D 解析：上文提及上流社会，分为“上流中的上层，上流中的下层”，接着讲到上流中的上层包括哪些人。
Model Test 1Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。
11 A) Catch a cold.B) Hurry to catch the bus.C) Sit next to the bus stop.D) Fix his torn sleeve.12A) Lily no longer lives in Boston.B) Lily doesn’t know how to economize.C) The woman called Lily in New York.D) The woman didn’t ever meet Lily.13A) Go to London.B) Spend the weekend at home.C) Go to Berlin.D) Visit her cousin.14A) To sell it to others.B) To make others interested in it.C) To throw it away.D) To ask Bill and Betty whether they want to have it.15A) The shopping list.B) Changing the curtains.C) What they need.D) Their economical condition.16A) Big parties are more impersonal than small ones.B) She prefers small parties.C) She likes big parties better.D) The party is too noisy.17A) Ann is serious about Bob.B) Bob is serious about Ann.C) Ann is not serious about Bob.D) Bob is not serious about Sally.18A) $20. B) $15. C) $24. D) $21.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) It’s too noisy.B) It’s not convenient to the university.C) The heating system is defective.D) The owner is unpleasant.20. A) Tell the owner two months in advance that she is moving.B) Alerting the housing authorities to her problem.C) Move to another apartment in the same building.D) Leave the end of the month.21. A) Rent would be very expensive.B) Public transportation wouldn’t be available.C) Apartment complexes in Winsor are old.D) Apartments in Winsor tend to be noisy.22. A) There is nothing special.B) They are new and functional.C) The walls are thin and you can hear everything from the next door.D) It is very noisy around.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) At Beijing City Tour Information Services.B) In Australia.C) At Beijing Hotel.D) In the Forbidden City.24. A) Tiananmen Square and the Palace Museum.B) The Summer Palace and the Yuanmin Garden.C) The Forbidden City and Chang’an Street.D) The Suburbs of Beijing.25. A) He can take No. 101 bus from the hotel.B) He can take a subway train.C) He can take the shuttle bus directly to the Summer Palace.D) All above are correct.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2作答。
2、model的rules验证规则model的rules验证规则是指在使用模型进行数据验证时所遵循的规则。
在开发过程中，数据验证是非常重要的一环，它可以确保输入的数据符合预期的格式和规范，提高系统的稳定性和安全性。
本文将介绍一些常见的model的rules验证规则，并详细解释其作用和使用方法。
1. 必填规则（required rule）必填规则是最基本的验证规则，它要求指定的字段不能为空。
当用户未填写必填字段时，系统会自动提示用户进行填写。
在使用框架自带的验证器时，可以通过在验证器规则中加入'required'来实现必填规则的验证。
2. 数据类型规则（data type rule）数据类型规则用于验证输入数据的类型是否正确。
例如，当我们需要验证一个字段是否为整数类型时，可以使用'int'规则来进行验证。
系统会自动检查输入的数据是否为整数类型，如果不是，则会给出相应的错误提示。
3. 字符长度规则（string length rule）字符长度规则用于限制输入字段的字符长度。
例如，我们可以使用'min:2|max:10'规则来验证某个字段的字符长度必须在2到10之间。
当用户输入的字符长度不符合要求时，系统会给出相应的错误提示。
4. 唯一性规则（unique rule）唯一性规则用于验证某个字段的值在数据库中是否唯一。
例如，我们可以使用'unique:users,email'规则来验证用户的邮箱是否已经存在于数据库中。
如果存在相同的邮箱，则系统会提示用户进行修改。
5. 正则表达式规则（regular expression rule）正则表达式规则用于验证输入数据是否符合指定的正则表达式格式。
例如，我们可以使用'regex:/^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/'规则来验证某个字段是否只包含字母和数字。
如果输入的数据不符合正则表达式的格式要求，则系统会给出错误提示。
模型检测modelchecking学习一、基本概念模型检测(model checking)是一种很重要的自动验证技术。
它最早由Clarke和Emerson以及Quielle和Sifakis在1981年分别提出的,主要通过显式状态搜索或隐式不动点计算来验证有穷状态并发系统的模态/命题性质。
由于模型检测可以自动执行,并能在系统不满足性质时提供反例路径,因此在工业界比演绎证明更受推崇。
尽管限制在有穷系统上是一个缺点,但模型检查可以应用于许多非常重要的系统,如硬件控制器和通信协议都是有穷状态系统。
很多情况下,可以把模型检测和各种抽象与归纳原则结合起来验证非有穷状态系统(如实时系统)。
模型检测的基本思想是用状态迁移系统(S)表示系统的行为，用模态逻辑公式(F)描述系统的性质。
这样“系统是否具有所期望的性质”就转化为数学问题“状态迁移系统S是否是公式F的一个模型?”，用公式表示为S╞F。
对有穷状态系统，这个问题是可判定的，即可以用计算机程序在有限时间内自动确定。
模型检测已被应用于计算机硬件、通信协议、控制系统、安全认证协议等方面的分析与验证中，取得了令人瞩目的成功，并从学术界辐射到了产业界。
模型检测应用过程中，需要考虑增加效率和减少内存空间需求，此外，需要研究减少模型本身或验证性质的复杂性，主要方法有不同类型的抽象、程序切片、模型分解、验证性质的分解等。
1）抽象的基本方法是抽掉系统中的细节、用尽可能少的状态来刻画系统的动作过程。
2）程序切片的基本十法界将程序中不影响所要验证的性质的语句去年以减少模型的复杂性。
2）模型分解的方法是将一个模型分解成若干部分，或者分别验证，或者提供一个较好的组合方法以降低验证的复杂性。
同样，一个需要验证的性质也有可能分解成若干部分，然后分别验证。
二、模型检测的自动化工具1）SMV-美国CMU大学开发，用于检测一个有限状态系统是否满足CTL（computing tree logic,计算树逻辑）公式，以模块为单位，模块可以同步或异步组合。
M o d e l-T e s t-1News Report OneThe United States central bank has raised an important interest rateby one-fourth of 1 percent. The federal funds rate, a rate paid by banksfor short-team loans, is now one-half of 1 percent.Janet Yellen, the first woman to lead the Federal Reserve System, spoke after the announcement. The decision was based on a few factors. Yellen said Economic growth is expected to continue in the U.S. Another reason to increase interest rates, Yellen noted, was the low official rate of inflation . The central bank has said its target inflation rate is 2 percent. It says that rate would help support employment and keep prices stable. However, inflation currently is not at the target rate, but below 1 percent. The federal reserve chief also said the strong labor market providedanother reason to raise rates. The U.S. Economy is adding about 20000jobs each month.1.What is the news report mainly about?2 . What do we learn about the target inflation rate set by the central bank? News Report TwoThe campaign group Amnesty International says it has evidencesthat Russian air strikes in Syria since September have killed hundreds of civilians, causing widespread to basic facilities. Amnesty suggests the strikes are in violations of international humanitarian law and accuses Russia of attempting a cover-up. After interviewing witnesses, doctorsand human rights groups, Amnesty reports that homes and hospitals were hit as well as a market and a Muslim building. In most cases, the location and timing of the attacks correspond with Russian defense ministry reports on air strikes though it says it was targeting so-called IS. Militants. Despite dropping thousands of bombs in Syria, Russian officials have never acknowledged causing any civilian casualties there. There were proud of their effective pinpoints strikes against terrorists and had dismissed previous claims to the country as part of an anti-Russian information war by the west3.What did Amnesty International say about the Russian air strikes?4.What was Russia’s reaction towards civilian casualties?News Report ThreeRoad traffic crashes kill 1.25 million people each year worldwide. But the Word Health Organization (WHO) say they are preventable.The report surveyed 180 countries, and it shows the number of annual deaths from traffic crashes is stabilizing. [5]And that is good news the number of motor vehicles grows worldwide.But the data also show that road crashes are the No.1 cause of death among young people aged 15 to 29. Young adults around the world are the worst driving risks. Even in the U.S., drivers aged 15 to 24 accountfor about 30 percent of all driving-related accidents.The WHO report also finds a big gap in road safety and deaths between poor and rich countries. Poor countries have only 54 percent of world’s vehicles. But those countries have some of the worse safety statistics in the report.‘‘Africa has only two percent of the word’s vehicles, but has the highest death rat e on the road. ’’ That is what Etienne Krug, the head of theWHO Department of Non-communicable Diseases, says. Sweden, the Netherlands and the United kingdom are leaders in preventing traffic deaths. The highest death rates are in Africa and the Middle East.5.Why is the survey result good news?6.What does the survey report show?7.What do we learn about the road crashes in poor countries?Conversation OneW: Hi, Mr. Johnson. When do you usually get up?M:I usually get up about five ,and then go for jog before breakfast, We usually have breakfast at around 6:30. Then I have time to read the papers. W: Which paper do you read?M: Well, the Financial Times, the Times and the Independent. I don’t exactly read them from cover to cover.W: I see.M: After reading. I have for the office. I’m usually behind my desk by 7:30. The first job of the day is the post. My secretary sorts out those letters which need immediate attention. Then at about 9:00, I have a daily meeting with my deputy. We run through the agenda for the day.W: What’s a typical day like?M: Well, there’s no such things as a typical day, but I have regular morning meetings with my Finance and Sales Directors. Of course, I travel a lot , then I keep up-to-date by telephone.W: What about lunch?M: I try to have lunch in the company canteen as often as possible. Of course, sometimes I have lunch out with some customers.W: What about the afternoons?M: I often go down to our plant and see how things are going. We have weekly management committee meetings on Friday afternoon. Then there are monthly board meetings, usually the first Monday of the month.W: When do you finish work?M: At about seven. If there is nothing evening, I’ll go home. More often than not, there’s a dinner engagement.W: All right, thank you for accepting my interview, Mr. Johnson.8.What does Mr. Johnson usually do before breakfast?9.What is Mr. Johnson’s first job in his office?10.W hat is Mr. Johnson’s typical day like?11.W hat does Mr. Johnson do on Friday afternoon/Conversation TwoW: Hello?M: Hi, Jessica?W: Oh, hi, Mike. What’s up?M: [12]Sorry to call you so lat but I’m having trouble with the math assignment.W: Don’t worry, it’s not that bad. But I do have to say that I haven’t worked this hard on an assignment all term. I’ve already spent more than two hours on it and I’m still not halfway through it.M: Well, that’s still farther than I’ve gotten. I have no idea even where to start. I was thinking about calling Professor Johnson.W: Now? [13]But the assignment’s due tomorrow.He’ll wonder why you waited until now to ask for help.M: This always happens. I mean, when I first got the assignment, [14]I thought it looked OK and I figured I could do it in two hours. But now, it turn s out I can’t even figure out how to get started.W: Oh… well, [15]do you want to come over? I could show you what I’ve worked out so far, and then we could work on the rest together.M: Are you sure? I hate to interrupt you. I don’t want to hold you back.W: It’s OK, I’m sick of working on it alone. And anyway, if I’m thinking out loud, it’ll probably help clarify the most difficult parts for me, too. Headed for another bad grade.W: No problem.M: See you in a few minutes.W: Okay. Bye.12 Why does the man call the woman?13 When will the speakers have to hand in the assignment?14 What do we know about the man?15 How does the woman respond to the man’s problem?Passage OneSome kinds of mental skills naturally decrease as people get older. [16]Yet research seems to show that some training can improve such skills. A recently published study also appears to demonstrate that the good effect of training can last for many years after that training has ended.[17]Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland wanted to learn how long memory and thinking skills would last in older people who trained to keep them. The people were part of the ten-year research project. They were taught methods meant to improve their memory, thinking and ability to perform everyday tasks.More than 2,800 volunteered for the study. Most studied when they were than 70 years old. The volunteers took one of several short training classes meant to help them keep their mental abilities. One class trained participants in skills including how to remember word lists. Another group trained in reasoning.[18]A third group received help with speed-of-processing-speed of receiving and understanding information . A fourth group-the control group did not get any training.Earlier results had established that the training helped the participants for up to five years .Now, lead study writer George Rebok says, [19] the research showed most of the training remained effective a full ten years later. Professor Rebok and his team found that the people trained in reasoning and speed-of-processing did better on tests than the control group. [19]They are wondering whether those effects which endured over time would still be there ten years following the training, and in fast, that’s exactly what they found.16. What can improve mental skills according to the research?17. What was the purpose of Johns Hopkins University’s research?18. What does the term speed-of-processing refer to?19. What do we learn about the effects of most training?Passage TwoSingapore has topped 131 cities globally to beco me the world’s most expensive city to live this year, ac-cording to the Economist Intelligence Unit. [20]The city’s strong currency combined with the high cost of running a car and soaring utility bills contributed to Singapore topping the list. It is also the most expensive place in the world to buy clothes.[21]Singapore replaces Tokyo, which topped the list last year. Other cities making up the top five most expensive cities to live in are Paris, Oslo, Zurich and Sydney, with Tokyo falling to sixth place. The EIU’s Worldwide Cost of Living Survey is a relocation tool that uses New York City as a base. It looks at more than 400 individual prices. The editor of the report Jon Copestake said , improving sentiment in structurally expensive European cities combined with the continued rise of Asian cities means that that these two regions continue to supply most of the world’s most expensive cities. But Asian cities also continue to make up many of the world’s cheapest, especially in the Indian areas.[22]Most Asian cities that top the list are there for mainly higher costs of groceries. Tokyo is still at the top of the list for everyday food items.20.What contributed to Singapore being one of the world’s most expensive cities to live in?21.What city topped the list last year?22.What is the main reason that most Asian cities top the list? Passage Three[23]According to new research by British scientists, teens who don’t smoke, drink only moderately or not at all, and who don’t eat much junk food tend to be happier than other teens. The study looked at 40,000 British households and came up with some interesting findings. For example, kids who never drank alcohol were up to six times more likely to report higher on happiness than kids who drank. And teens who smoked were five times less likely to rate high on happiness charts compared to kids who don’t smoke. Same goes for diet and physical activity. The more fruits and vegetables kids ate, and the more hours they spent playing sports, the happier they were.Now, of course this doesn’t mean that not smoking or drinking, and playing sports guarantees happiness. [24]It could be that kids who have happy characters tend to be more active and less inclined to drink or smoke. And it could equally be the case that kids who are unhappy are more likely to drink and smoke and eat junk food, instead of the other way around.[25]Other studies have shown that exercise is a proven way to fend off and treat anxiety and depression. Future studies may support the notion that other healthful behaviors, including keeping away from smoking, drinking, and eating too much junk, can ward off sadness and boost happiness, too.23. Who are more likely to be happier according to the study?精品文档24. What can we infer from the research?25. What is a proven way to get rid of anxiety?收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除。
