第四讲代词(B4)
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考点:代词(Pronoun,缩写pron.)一.定义:代词是一种能代替词、词或的词。
二.分类:英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和连接代词九种。
★现阶段主要学习上面的五种。
(1)人称代词(Personal Pronouns)①定义该类代词指人称和事物,但不说出他们的名字,所以叫做人称代词。
②人称代词主格和宾格人称代词有人称,数和格之分。
3.主格和宾格的用法:口诀:口诀:口诀:备注:主格用作句子的语;宾格用作句子的语;用于词和词后;如:Our English teacher is a woman.all like her verymuch.(我们喜欢她)Give(I)a hand. The present is for(she).④并列人称代词的排列顺序口诀:A.单数人代并列作主语或宾语时,其顺序为:如:,and should return on time.(你,我,他都得按时回来。
),and are good friends.(Bob,你,我都是好朋友)They bought(买)some food for,and (你,我,他)B.复数人称代词做做主语时,其顺序为:,C.当第三人称两性出现时,一般顺序为先后如:and(他和她)are deskmates.(同桌).D.在时,第一人称常放在前面。
如:and(我和John)made her angry.(生气)全真模拟●用适当的人称代词的主格或宾格填空.①is half past ten now. Let's go home.②How far is from London to Liverpool?3.I'm talking to you. Please listen to④---Do you know the man? -Yes, I work with _ .⑤Where are the tickets? I can't find .●选择适当的选项填空,1.They want to see me but don't want to seeA. me, themB. I, theyC. I, themD. me, they2. She wants the keys. Can you give to ?A. it, herB. them, herC. them, sheD. they, her③have been invited(被邀请)to the party.A. He, I and youB. I,you,and heC.You, he and I④Coco is sitting between and .A. you and heB. him and youC. you and him(2)物主代词(Possessive Pronoun)用适当的形容词物主代词和名词性物主代词填空,(1)按要求写出下列代词的形式1、I(宾格)________2、he(形容词性物主代词)________3、us(主格)________4、they(宾格)________5、she(宾格)________6、you(名词性物主代词)________7、it(宾格)________8、him(复数)________9、her(形容词性物主代词)_______10、my(复数)________11、they(名词性物主代词)________12、we(单数)________ 口诀:如:This is(I)shirt.And that is (you).(you) book is old.But(I) is new.●用适当的形容词物主代词和名词性物主代词填空.1.I'm going to wash hands.2.He lives withparents.3.They're her shoes. They are.4.I know John and family.5.That's not your coat. is red.6.lt's your money. It's.7.I saw Ann and Ted withchildren.8 May I use your pen? broken.9.I know the is Xiaohei.10.Ann, is this camera ?●选择适当的形式填空。
语法专题:人称代词及物主代词的归纳表知识背景:代词是在句子中能代替名词或名词词组的一类词。
代词的学习对判断主谓一致有很大的帮助。
常用的代词类型有:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词等。
一、人称代词:表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词,叫做人称代词。
人称代词有人称(一、二、三)、数(单数、复数)和格(主格、1、人称代词主格:作主语,表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。
2、人称代词宾格作宾语,表示动作行为的对象。
二、物主代词(代词所有格)<注意联想名词的所有格哦☺,它表示所属或某些关系>:表示所属关系的代词。
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人称和数的变化见下表:注:形容词性物主代词+名词,而名词性物主代词则相单于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必再加名词。
如:Is this your book? No, it isn’t. It’s hers (her book). / This pen is mine.1. 形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,作前置定语,用在名词前。
例:1) This is my book. 这是我的书。
2) We love our motherland. 我们热爱我们的祖国。
2. 名词性物主代词起名词的作用。
为避免重复,名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+名词例:1) Look at the two pencils. The red one is yours and the blue one is mine.= The red one is your pencil and the blue one is my pencil.2) He likes my pen. He doesn’t like hers. = He doesn’t like her pen.3. 注意:在使用名词性物主代词时,必须有特定的语言环境,也就是要省略的名词大家已经知道,已经提起过。
第四讲指示代词的发展1 近指代词(1)甲骨文中,指示代词有“之”、“兹”2个。
均近指。
(郭锡良:“之”、“兹”是一种广泛的指代。
)之日允雨《殷墟书契前编》西周金文始见“是”、“斯”。
传世文献始见“此”、“时”,更晚一些。
奉时辰牡,辰牡孔硕。
《诗•秦风•驷驖》毛传:时,是;辰,时也。
(2)依上古音系(以《诗经》为上限),“兹(精母)、斯(心母)、此(清母)”——齿音;“之(章母)、是(禅母)、时(禅母)”——舌面音。
又:“之、兹、时”之部叠韵;“此、斯、是”支部叠韵。
读音相近,可能是同源的关系。
(3)上古近指代词时代与地域的差异近指代词“兹”、“时”、“斯”等在古代文献中的分布存在着不小的差异。
顾炎武《日知录》卷六“檀弓”条云:“《尔雅》曰:‘兹、斯,此也。
’今考《尚书》多言‘兹’,《论语》多言‘斯’,《大学》以后之书多言‘此’。
”又云:“《论语》之言‘斯’者七十,而不言‘此’,《檀弓》之言‘斯’者五十有三,而言‘此’者一而已。
《大学》成于曾氏之门人,而一卷之中,言‘此’者十有九。
语音轻重之间,而世代之别,从可知已。
”1地域方言的对立。
方言接触。
《庄子》、《荀子》中“斯”偶见,亦可以用“地域方言”说加以解释(4)中古汉语近指代词的发展,产生的新的形式。
这——“这”最初见于唐代,有“者”、“遮”、“拓”(“柘”之形误)、“只”等不同书写形式。
這胡误我,這胡误我。
(旧唐书·史思明传)者汉大痴,好不自知。
(燕子赋)者边走,那边走,只是寻花柳。
(王衍,醉妆词)遮阿师更不要见。
(唐摭言)及到遮身今有疾。
(维摩经讲经文)赭回好好更看去也。
(历代法宝记)“这、那”在唐代产生后,用法上有一个特点,即只能作定语,不能单独作主语。
这种情形在北方延续到元朝。
在南方,“这、那”单用作主语的时间早一些:这是说天地无心处。
(朱子语类辑略)1顾炎武关于《论语》、《檀弓》中“斯”的统计数字包括近指代词和连词,与本文不同。
法语泛指代词讲解第四讲(两学时)★★★Les buts et les demandes de ce cours:▲▲▲Les buts:1.Faire conna?tre des pronoms indéfinis1)Les formations2)Les emplois▼▼▼Les demandes:1.Ma?trise les connaissances sur les pro- noms indéfinis1)La formation2)Les emploisII.常用的泛指代词(les pronoms indéfinisLes pronoms indéfinis principaux sont ci-dessous:quelqu’un -personne; quelque chose-rien;chacun(e);certain(s)/certaine(s);tout/toute/tous/toutes; un(e) autre/d’autres; l’un(e)…l’autre;les un(e)s…les autres.1.quelqu/un 单数中性代词,指不确指的人(男性或女性)=une personne indéterminée.表示“某人,有人”。
EX:écoutez , quelqu’un sonne à la porte.Je regarde quelqu’un danser sur la place. Elle est sortie avec quelqu’un.Elle est aide souvent par qulqu’un.Pour faire ce travail, il faut quelqu’un de compétent.C’est quelqu’un d’impotant.Quelqu’un 作表语时,本身就有表示“要人、有身份者”之意说明:泛指代词后的形容词用阳性单数必需由de介词引导。
第四讲、代词1、代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。
2、人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。
第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数主格I(我)you (你) he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they (他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)you (你) him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them (他们,她们,它们)1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。
如:I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物)That’s it.(就那么回事)2、宾格用来作动词或者介词的宾语。
如:Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?)3、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
如:--What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样?)—It’s fine.(天气晴好) / --What’s the time?(几点啦?)–It’s 12:00.(12点) / It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空)/ We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)3、物主代词:说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。
CLASS: NAME: MARKS:初中英语语法练习题第四讲代词1. 从括号内选择适当的人称代词、物主代词、反身代词或指示代词填空:1) These are pens and _______ are pencils. (that, this, those)2) Tom was sick yesterday. _______ is why he missed school. (That, Those, These)3) Which of ______ shirts are Tom's? (these, this, that)4) This desk is mine, ________ is hers. (those, this, that)5) The map of Beijing is better than ______of Tianjing. (this, that, these)6)_______ (He, His, Her) name is Jack._______ (She, He, His) is a cook.7) ________(I, My, Mine )aunt is a nurse. ________ (She, He, Her) works very hard.8) Please show ______ (me, I, mine) the way.9) These books aren't _______ (my, mine, I). _______ (They, It, Its) may be _______ (her, hers, your).10) Let _______. (I, me, mine) tell _______ (her, she, hers) how to do it.11) Help_______(you, your, yourself) to some fish, please.12) Don't tell _______ (he, him, his) the answer. _______ (I, Me, Us) believe that________ (he, him, his) can work out the problem _________ (he, him, himself).13) "It's going to snow," the old woman said to _______ (her, herself, hers).14) The lady under the tree is ________ (mine, my, me) aunt. ________ (She, Her, Herself) often sings English songs with _________ (her, hers, she) husband.15) A friend of _______ (me, my, mine) came to help _______ (I, me, mine) with _______ (mine, my, I) homework yesterday afternoon.16) Be careful not to make________(you, your, yourself) dirty.2. 选用who, whose, whom, what, which等疑问代词,代替划线部分,将下列句子改为疑问句:1) An old friend of mine is coming to see me tomorrow.2)Their husbands are Nobel Prize winners.3)She was looking for the famous professor.4)I would like to choose these knives.5)We borrowed the English novels from Mr. Li.6)The well-known writer once lived in this room.7)She did some shopping after supper on Saturday. 8)Children's smiling faces made me happy in Beijing.9)I like Book 3 best.10)It's mine.11)The students are going to have a green salad, beef, bread and butter soup for dinner.12)The tall girl in red is my sister.13)That is my sister's.14)I want to see Dr. Lee.15)There is nothing in the green box.16)The girls were in Class 6.17)She's my aunt and she is a teacher.18)The woman with glasses is she.3. 用适当的人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词或疑问代词填空:1) China is our motherland. _______ is a developing country. We all love ______ very much.2)________ is 9 o'clock now. Let________start our work.3) __________ was a fine day yesterday, wasn't ________?4) Thank________very much for your help.5) "You like the magazine, don't ________?" "Well, ________ can't say I like _______ "6) Mr. White is a very good teacher. We must learn from________.7) "Is Tom over there?" "Yes, that's ________.”8) _______is in this handbag?9) ________ do you think is better, the blue one or the red ________?10) We don't know ______ mother she is.11) Here are some shirts made in Beijing. _________ shirt do you like best?12) "Who is ________, please?" Tom answered the phone. " ________ is me. "13) I want to know_______ you are waiting for.14) __________ day is today? .______ is Monday.15) "Are these books yours?" "No, _______are not. They are Tom's. ______ are his. "16) The shop is very near here. ________ is only 5 minutes' walk.17) The box is not heavy. ________ is 2 kilos.18) _________ time is it? ________is 5 o'clock now.19) ________do you love more, Tom or Bob?20) Listen, just between you and________, the new comer is a thief.21) Everyone took _______ place in the meeting room.22) Each student was asked to tell ________ interesting thing in the winter holiday.23) Please open _________ hooks and read after me.24) Mrs. Black said to us that Australia is _______ motherland and she would do ______ best for ________.25) The seaman is a Party member and ________ uncle is a Party member, too.26) The students have a deep love for _______ homeland.27) We have lent them _______ magazines and 1 believe they will be happy to lend us_______.28) We first asked each of the ladies to take _______own seat.29) That businessman always carries a black case with ________.30) With the help of _______ mother, Thomas Edison became a quick learner.4. 选用some, any填空:1) Jack has _______ close friends. But he hasn't written _______ letters to them for half a year.2) Would you like _______ tea or coffee?3) You may come to my house at ________ time.4) She sings much better than _________ of the other singers in the room.5) There are _______ apples in the basket. You may take ________ one you like.6) We have _______ bread but we don't have _______ meat.7) I'm in trouble. Could you give me _______ help?8) I want ________ oranges. Have you got ________?9) He never gave me_______ help. I hope you can give me ___________ help.10) I have _____ beautiful magazines on the bookshelf. You may borrow __________ one of them.5. 用nothing, something, everything, everybody, nobody, somebody, anybody 填空:1) I want to go now. The film is __________ interesting at all.2) Since __________ is here, let's begin our class now.3) Can you tell us __________ about your life and work in this short time?4) "Have you found __________ interesting to tell me?”“Yes, I have found __________ very interesting.”5) "Do you know __________ about the war?”“No, I know __________ about it.”6) "Do you know __________ in this bedroom?" asked the policeman. "Yes, of course. I know __________here. They are all my schoolmates. "7) ________ is knocking at the door. Do you think who it is? 8) My radio has got ________ wrong.9) We should get ________ ready for the party, shouldn't we?10) He is always smiling but now he is so angry. ___________ knows why.6. 从下列不定代词中,选用适当的词填空:A. many, much, few, a few, little, a little1) The poor little boy had ______ money. He couldn't go to school.2) So ______ people came that day and they knew there was so ______. All of them did a good job.3) Please don't put too ______ coffee in our cups, ______ of us like coffee.4) They are very good students. They have done so ______ for old people..5) “Do you have any friends in USA?” “Yes, I have ________ there. "6) Tom did very well in the maths exam. He made _______ mistakes.7) "Would you like some more tea?" "Yes, just _______. "8) Before the year of 1949, there were ______ schools in this town. But now there arequite_______.9) Mary's mother was very sick last year, but she is _______ better now.10) The question was too difficult. Very ________ of them answered it correctly.11) I'm sorry I can't help you. I know ______ about Russian.12) He is a very good man. He says ______ and does.13) The weather is very dry because there has been ________ rain this summer.14) The Japanese girl is a beginner of Chinese. She just knows very _______ Chinese.15) How _________ English words have you learned this week?16) We saw _______people in the street, as it was late at night. But quite ________policemen were still working there.17) How ________ money do you need this time?18) ________ of these poor fanners have ever been to Beijing.B. one, ones, another, other(s), the other(s):1)He has eight shirts, ______ is green, ______ are all white.2)There are two people in the room. ______ is a soldier, ______ is a doctor.3)The old man has six children. ______ is a teacher, two are engineers, ______ two are nurses,and ______ is a seaman.4)I don’t like this bag, please pass me ______. ______ of the red ones, please.5)The old woman has got two grandchildren. ______ is a boy, ______ is a girl.6)Do you often talk to ______ like this? I hope you can change.7)Tom likes Chinese, maths, biology and some ______ subject.8)I have three apples here, a green ______ and two red ______. Which ______ are you goingto take?9)Pass me my coat, please. That light orange ______ is mine.10)I think this film is much more interesting than ______ three.11)We don’t like these two. Do you have any ________?12)To say is ________ thing, to do is quite ________.13)Mr. Wang is always ready to help ________.14)Could you please pass me ________ magazine? I have finished reading this ________.15)Some are big, ________ are small.16)You have given us two examples. Will you give us ________ example, please?C. all, both, each, every, neither, either, no one1)Jack and his two sisters are ________ from Australia.2)Mary and Peter are ________ Americans.3)The two boys were very sad because ________ of them had passed the maths exam.4)That’s ________ for today. Goodbye, ________ one.5)________ the boys in my class are football fans.6)One of us has to stay here. So only one can go home, ________ you or I.7)Bob is such a good student that ________ teacher likes him.8)You may come on Saturday or Sunday. ________ day is OK?9)There are tall trees on ________ sides of the road.10)“I have two here. Which one do you want?” “________ will do.”11)I borrowed two books, but ________ book was interesting. So I returned them.12)There are two shops in the street. ________ are open now.13)Mrs. Lee has three daughters. ________ of them has got a job.14)That’s ________ I can do for you, son.15)Mary has told me ________ about it.16)There were little shops on ________ side of the street.17)The twin brothers came to the meeting in time. ________ of them was late.18)Mr. Black gave his sons and daughters 10 dollars ________.19)The four nations are quite different. ________ of them has its own language.20)________ knew where little Tommy had gone and ________ understood why his parentskilled themselves.21)Students go to school ________ day except holidays.22)Tim is a good worker. ________morning he gets up early and goes to work at 8.23)I know the young man and the good girl love ________ other very much.24)She has told me ________about it.7. 选择填空:( )1) Tom, _______ hands are so dirty. Go to wash them quickly.A. either of yourB. all yourC. both yourD. each of your ( )2) Listen! ______ is knocking at the window. Let's go out and have a look.A. Some oneB. NobodyC. AnyoneD. Someone ( )3) "Have you got any sweet potatoes?" "Yes, we've got________. "A. two big onesB. two big oneC. ones bigD. big one ( )4)"Who's reading English aloud there?" "Oh, _____ is Tom's friend, Mary."A. itB. thisC. sheD. he( )5)"I'm very tired and sleepy." "Lie down and have _______ rest. "A. anyB. littleC. aD. a lot( )6)Tom speaks Chinese better than _____ else in his class.A. no oneB. anotherC. anyoneD. the one( )7)Lucy hasn't done as ______ work as you have.A. muchB. manyC. lotD. more( )8)There was _____ in the meeting room.A. no peopleB. nobodyC. any personD. anybody( )9)"Are the two answers right?" "No, ______ right. "A. both are notB. either is notC. no one isD. neither is( )10)We have three small rooms. ______ room can seat about 20 people.A. AllB. OneC. BothD. Each( )11)Tom, you may go to the Summer Palace by _____ of the two ways.A. otherB. eitherC. everyD. both( )12)If you need a pen, I'll lend you _____.A. the oneB. anotherC. someD. one( )13)"_____is the woman?" "She is a cook. "A. WhatB. WhoC. WhichD. How( )14)"_____ is the woman?" "She is fine."A. WhatB. WhoC. WhichD. How( )15)Lucy and Mary have come back to school but ______ girls in Class 2 aren't here yet.A. otherB. the othersC. othersD. the other( )16)Everyone should do _____ best.A. itsB. onesC. theirD. his( )17)You must help _____ other and learn from _____ other.A. one, eachB. each, eachC. each, everyD. one, every( )18)The girls are working hard. Lucy and Mary are planting trees, ____ are watering flowers.A. the otherB. othersC. otherD. the others( )19)Except Mrs. Lee and _____, no one was old in the waiting room.A. hisB. herC. ID. she( )20)_____ of them wanted to do heavy work in _____ a hot day.A. None, suchB. No, soC. None, soD. None, much ( )21)These film tickets are yours. Those are ______.A. the othersB. other'sC. others'D. others( )22)Do you know ______ hair is shorter, Lucy's or Mary's?A. whoB. whatC. whoseD. which( )23)"_____ came to see you yesterday afternoon. "Who was_____?A. Somebody, heB. Somebody, sheC. Somebody, itD. Anybody, the one ( )24)Here are two bottles. You may take ______ of them and leave me one.A. allB. everyC. bothD. either( )25)_____ is a close friend of _____ aunt's.A. She, mineB. Her, mineC. She, myD. Hers, my( )26)_____ Japanese magazines are on the bookshelf.A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. Those( )27)Some are keen on English, ______ like French very much.A. the othersB. anotherC. othersD. the other( )28)In Beijing ____ park is full of people on weekends.A. all ofB. everyC. waneD. all( )29)You cannot finish the work _____. Let me give you a helping hand.A. youselfB. yourselfC. by youD. you only( )30)The girls in Class 2 don't like Mr. Black, and the girls in Class 4 don't like him,_____.A. neitherB. eitherC. allD. too( )31)Every Sunday afternoon Mrs. White gives her three children two dollars_____.A. everyB. eachC. allD. one( )32)"I need a five-pound note to pay for the books. " "But we don't have _____ money left now."A. someB. anyC. a lotD. much( )33)There are six people in the office. _____ of them are Party members.A. AllB. BothC. No oneD.Neither( )34)Can you fine _____ in the paper?A. important somethingB. something importantC. anything importantD. important anything( )35) _____ is the shortest way to the hospital?A. WhichB. WhatC. What wayD. Which the way ( )36)We must teach the boys how to get on well with _____.A. anotherB. othersC. any otherD. other ( )37)There wasn’t _____ in the park that night.A. nobodyB. any peopleC. everyoneD. anyone( )38)I don’t believe that _____ of them wants to work with him.A. anyB. someC. muchD. lot( )39) _____ work is heavy, but _____ is heavier than _____.A. Our, their, ourB. Our, theirs, oursC. Ours, theirs, ourD. Our, their, ours ( )40)The cars made in Shanghai are better than _____ made in Tianjing.A. thatB. theseC. thoseD. this( )41)Please take good care of _____.A. youB. yourselfC. youselfD. myself( )42)My parents are _____ professors and _____ of them work very hard.A. both, bothB. both, eachC. all, allD. both, either( )43)The Japanese soldiers asked the old man for food and money. He said he hadn’t _____. They killed _____ at once.A. some, himB. any, himC. one, himD. it, himself( )44)Our teacher asked us to be strict with _____ in English study.A. oursB. ourC. ourselvesD. oneselves( )45)China is larger than _____ country in Africa.A. anyB. any otherC. allD. other( )46)This factory is much bigger than _____ factory in the city.A. anyB. any otherC. allD. other( )47)Comrade Lei Feng did his best to help people in trouble, he never thought of _____.A. himB. himselfC. his ownD. his( )48)None of us saw how it happened, so we had to asked the boy _____ about his good deeds. But he just gave us a smile.A. himB. himselfC. his ownD. his( )49) _____ of the three buses can take you to the Palace Museum.A. EitherB. AllC. NeitherD. Ones( )50)He is a good student. But on _____ hand, he is in poor health.A. otherB. the otherC. other’sD. others。