全国海船船员适任证书国家统考轮机英语听力与会话试题解答（适用无限航区750KW及以上船舶三管轮）陆宝成编航海学院轮机教研室2010年3月1日目录第一部分轮机英语听力与会话试题解答 (3)第一章公共英语 (3)五、口述题答案 (3)六、问答题答案 (3)第二章机舱日常业务 (4)四、口述 (4)五、问答题答案 (6)第三章驾机联系 (10)四、口述题答案 (10)五、问答题答案 (12)第四章应急用语 (12)四、口述题答案 (12)五、问答题答案 (16)第五章对外业务联系 (19)四、口述题答案 (19)五、问答题答案 (21)第六章PSC/ISM检查 (23)四、口述题答案 (23)五、问答题答案 (25)第二部分船员面试手册 (28)第三部分轮机英语试题库外试题 (35)1．MARPOL 73/78公约补充题： (35)第一部分轮机英语听力与会话试题解答第一章公共英语五、口述题答案1.The position of the engine room on board is usually at the aft part of the ship.There are a lot of types of marine machinery.The diesel engine for propulsion is called the main engine.Other various machines are called auxiliary machinery.These machines are required for steering, cargo handling, power generation and so on.The feature of marine machinery in the engine room is that it has a wide variety.2.The engine department on board is very important.Without it, a ship cannot sail at sea nor do anything else.The personnel of the engine department include four engineers and several ratings.The chief engineer is the head of the engine department.The work in the engine department is related to machines and equipment.It is to control machines and systems and to keep them in good order.3.I’m an engineer of sea-going ships.I graduated from Binzhou polytechnic college.I have been a seaman for three years.And I have worked as a third engineer for one year.There are three people in my family.I’m single and looking for a nice girl to marry.4.My position on board is the fourth engineer.One of my shifts is from 0800 hours to 1200 hours.The other shift is from 2000 hours to 2400 hours.I’m in charge of the boiler, incinerator, oily water separator and other equipment on board.I have worked as a fourth engineer for one year.And I have worked on various kinds of cargo ships, (such as bulk carriers, container ships, general cargo ships, tankers, and so on.)5.The engineer on duty works for 4 hours each watch.For example, a fourth engineer works from 0800 hours to 1200 hours.He also works from 2000 hours to 2400 hours.He has to keep everything in good order.If anything goes wrong, he has to deal with it or report it to the chief engineer.At the end of the watch, he is going to hand over the shift.The third engineer will go on the next shift.6.I’m glad to introduce myself.My name is _____.I’m ____ years old.I graduated from Binzhou polytechnic college.I hav en’t got any educational degree.Now I’m a fouth engineer on board.I love my job.六、问答题答案1. I have worked on board for three years.2. Now I have a fourth engineer’s certificate.3. I’m single. There are three departments on board.4. There are three people in my family. No, I’m single.5. I’ve been to ten countries.6. I began to work on board in 2009. I have worked on various kinds of cargo ships, (such as bulk carriers, container ships, general cargo ships, tankers, etc.)7. There are two important canals all over the world. They are Panama Canal and Suez Canal.8. Yes, of course. The most important thing for a seafarer is safety.9. I have worked on main engine SULZER RTA58 and generator engine B&W L23/30.10. Our ship is registered with CCS (LR, BV, ABS, and DNV).11. No, I have not worked on any ship with damage in critical equipment.12. I make our maintenance schedules according to the rules and equipment situations.13. Yes, of course. The international conventions concerning marine shipping include SOLAS, STCW, MARPOL, and so on.14. Yes, of course. The usages of the STCW conven tion are in seafarers’ training, certification and watchkeeping.15. The purpose of Classification Society is to carry out surveys in accordance with the rules and regulations for the safety of ships. Some of them are CCS, LR, BV and ABS.16. Yes, of course. Different kinds of ships’ surveys include initial survey, annual survey, intermediate survey, and special survey.17. UMS stands for unattended machinery space. I haven’t served any UMS.18. Yes, I have experienced PSC inspection. The last inspection I experienced was in the port of osaka in 2009.19. In the overhaul of a cylinder, we should pay attention to safety precautions and the manufacturers’ instructions.20. Before entering an enclosed space such as a ballast tank, I will check the oxygen content in it first.21. The minimum safe oxygen percentage for the safety of the workers in an enclosed space is 18 percent.第二章机舱日常业务四、口述1.The difference between the diesel engine and the gasoline engine are mainly as follows:The diesel engine uses diesel oil as fuel but the gasoline engine uses gasoline.During the suction stroke, the diesel engine admits air only, but the gasoline engine admits a combustible mixture of air and gasoline.After compression, a fine spray of fuel injected into the diesel engine cylinder is ignited by the heat in the cylinder.A gasoline engine needs spark plugs to ignite the combustible mixture in the cylinder.The compression ratio of a diesel engine is higher than that of a gasoline engine.So a diesel engine is bigger than a gasoline engine.2.I will introduce the engine room to Xiao Wang in this way:This is the economizer, standing just in front of the door.Down the staircase, there is a boiler.Going down some more, you will find a passage leading to the steering gear room.Moving down another flight of stairs, you will come to the level of main engine cylinder heads.Up from there, there are diesel generators.The fresh water generator is also on the same level.And there are a lot of other machines for me to introduce to Xiao Wang.3.I will introduce the equipment and machinery in the engine room in this way:There are hundreds of machines in the engine room.The main engine is the heart of the engine room.It supplies power for the vessel’s propulsion.Boilers are used for producing steam.A fresh water generator is used to produce fresh water from seawater.An air compressor is to supply compressed air.Steering gears are for the control of the ship’s course.4.I will say something about the disposal of the shafting and diesel engine.The main diesel engine is with a thrust shaft as an integral part.The thrust shaft is bolted to an intermediate shaft.The intermediate shaft is supported by intermediate tunnel bearings.The sterntube bearing supports the tailshaft and part of the propeller weight.Sterntube seals are fitted at the outboard and inboard ends of the tailshaft.5.Medium- and high-speed diesel engines can be arranged as single-engine propulsion.But they are probably arranged as two-, even three- or four-engine propulsion.The illustration shows a kind of four engine propulsion.These engines are connected with a reduction gear.Through the reduction gear, the propelling speed is reduced and the torque is increased.One of the advantages of this arrangement is that compact systems can be used.6.This is an illustration of the structure of a main engine.In the picture, Part 1 and Part 3 form the crankcase.Part 2 is the main bearing housing.Part 10 is the crankshaft.Part 8 is the connecting rod.The connecting rod is connected with Part 6, the piston, through Part 7, the piston pin.The piston is moving in Part 4, the cylinder liner.There are a lot of other parts in the picture.7.This picture illustrates the stress status of the moving parts of an engine.The moving parts are stressed by two major forces.One is the compressive force from the gas in the cylinder.The other is the inertia force of the moving parts.The resultant force of the two can be divided into Force N and Force S.Force S compresses or stretches the connecting rod.And it can be further divided into Force T and Force K.Force K exerts a bending stress on the crankshaft.8.This picture illustrates the shape of a piston head.There are four piston ring grooves in the head.The top of the piston head is concave, like a bowl.This shape is favourable for the mixing of fuel and air.It is also for the free expansion of the head after being heated.The type of this piston is probably a crosshead type.9.This picture illustrates various types of piston rings.The first one in the picture is the section of a straight-flanked ring.The second one is a diagonal cut piston ring.The third one is a kind of piston ring with one inner-side chamfer.The shape of the fourth one is ladder-shaped.And the fifth one is with an oval shape at the outer side.10.There are two different lubricating modes for the main engine.One is for lubrication of the cylinders.The other is for bearing lubrication.The method of applying oil to the cylinder walls is usually by small pumps, known as mechanical lubricators.And the oil supplied is in small quantities.But the usual method of bearing lubrication is by forced feed system.It provides a copious supply of oil to all bearings.11.The basic working principle of purifiers is centrifuging separation.In a purifier, there are separation discs and outer periphery with a series of holes.When fuel oil is pumped into it, the centrifugal force causes water to be forced to the outer periphery.A cylindrical interface is formed between the water and oil.The oil is forced inward and up to the clean oil outlet.By this way, a purifier can remove water from fuel oil.12.The oily water separator is first filled with clean water.The oily water mixture is then pumped into the coarse separating department.Here some oil will separate and rise into the oil collection space.The remaining mixture now flows down into the fine separating compartment.More oil will separate out.The almost oil-free water passes into the central pipe and leaves the separator unit.13. Anti-pollution equipment is necessary especially for ocean-going ships.The equipment includes the oily water separator, the incinerator and the sewage treating system.These devices perform their duties to prevent pollution from ships to the sea.We should take great care of them.We should ensure that they all meet the requirements of the MARPOL Convention.14. The ballast system is used to bring the ship’s drafts into a seaworthy condition.It allows water to be drawn from any tank or the sea.And it allows the water to be discharged to any other tank or the sea.By this way, it can trim the vessel as bined or separate mains for suction and discharge may be provided.We must operate the ballast system according to the international and port regulations.15. The operation of the bilge water system is an important routine work.It needs great care.The discharge of bilge water must meet relevant legislative requirements.The operation must be recorded and reported to the chief engineer.The duty engineer should discharge the bilges before handing over a watch.And the relieving engineer should check the bilge level when taking over a watch.五、问答题答案1. One type of the main engine on board is a slow speed two-stroke diesel engine.2. In an electronically controlled main engine, fuel injection quantity is controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU) to ensure good atomization and combustion.3. Dual fuel technology allows the main engine to run in either gas mode or diesel mode.4. Because a two-stroke engine can produce more power than a four-stroke engine of a similar size, it is widely used on board ships.5. Because in the four-stroke engine there is an adequate overlap between the air inlet valve opening and the exhaust valve closing, the gas exchanging quality is better than in the two-stroke engine.6. The three moving parts of a marine main engine are pistons, connecting rods and a crankshaft.7. The sequence of the four strokes is suction, compression, expansion and exhaust.8. The fixed parts of a marine main engine include the bedplate, frames, cylinder blocks and cylinder covers,9. The operation between two injections is called a working cycle of a diesel engine.10. The foundation of a diesel engine is the bedplate.11. The tie rods are used to secure the bedplate, frames and cylinder blocks together. They can withstand very high tension.12. The function of the governor is mainly to regulate the speed of the engine.13. The feature of the governor is that it should be matched to the engine requirements in terms of droop, load limiting, response time, and so on.14. The crosshead pin is used for connecting the piston rod and the connecting rod.15. The piston rod stuffing box is used for sealing between the crankcase and the scavenging air box.16. The two types of cooling water systems are closed cooling systems and open systems.17. The function of the head tank in the cooling water system is to allow water expansion and make-up.18. The open cooling system is for the circulation of the sea water. It draws up sea water from the sea and makes it flow through the lube oil cooler, the main engine air coolers and the freshwater cooler.19. In the closed cooling system, the fresh water first passes the freshwater cooler, and then is circulated through the cooling water jackets of the main engine to cool cylinder liners, cylinder heads and exhaust valves.20. The central cooling system has two separate fresh water circulation systems: the high temperature system for cooling the main engine; the low temperature system for cooling high temperature fresh water and various coolers. 21. The central cooling water system can keep the cylinder cooling water temperature stable and reduce the maintenance work of the system.22. Fuel oil viscosity of the main engine can be controlled by regulating its temperature.23. The two sub-systems of the fuel oil system are the fuel supply system and the fuel injection system.24. The function of the fuel oil viscosity regulator is to control oil viscosity.25. The fuel oil viscosity regulator works by regulating the temperature of fuel oil.26. The composition of fuel oil includes carbon, hydrogen, sulphur and nitrogen.27. The main factors to be considered in selecting fuel oil include its cetane number, diesel index, calorific value and viscosity.28. The usual coolants in a marine diesel engine are fresh water, sea water and lube oil.29. Because seawater can cause corrosion, it is not used as a direct coolant in the diesel engine.30. The advantage of oil cooling pistons is that there is no risk of water leaking into the lube oil system.31. The disadvantage of water cooling pistons is the risk of water leaking into the lube oil system.32. The functions of the lubricating oil in the main engine include reducing friction, cooling and cleaning.33. We clean the lube oil f ilters according to the manufacturer’s instructions.34. When the pressure drop is excessive, we should clean the fuel oil filters.35. Because the cylinder oil has to neutralize sulphuric acid formed while burning low-grade fuel oil, it contains alkalinity.36. The functions of the cylinder oil include lubrication, cooling and cleaning.37. When starting the air compressor, we should check lube oil, supply cooling water, operate the unloader and close drain valves.38. When standing by engine, we should pay attention to the power supply, the preparations of the lube oil, fuel oil, cooling and starting systems, and other things.39. Yes. That the engine does not start on air is probably because the starting air pressure is too low, or the turning gear is still engaged.40. We should periodically drain water from the air reservoir.41. The function of gas exchange in a diesel engine is to supply fresh air into and remove exhaust gases from the cylinders.42. The function of supercharging is to increase the mass of air charged into the cylinders.43. I will gradually warm up the main engine in cold weather.44. To heat the main engine, I will preheat the cooling and lube oil systems, and start the cooling water and lube oil circulating pumps.45. When changing diesel oil into fuel oil, I will open the fuel oil heater steam valve, open the daily fuel oil tank valve and close the daily diesel oil tank valve.46. When changing fuel oil into diesel oil, I will gradually change the oil temperature, open the daily diesel oil tank valve and close the daily fuel oil tank valve.47. The function of the turning gear is to turn over the main engine before its starting and after its shutting down.48. We use lead wires or the feeler to measure the clearance of the main bearings.49. We use a special gauge to measure the crank web deflection of the main engine.50. Yes. The diesel engine exhausts black smoke because the air supply is too low, or the fuel valves are defective, or the combustion in the cylinder is incomplete.51. Yes. The diesel engine exhausts blue smoke because lube oil is being burnt owing to blow-by.52. Yes. The diesel engine exhausts yellow smoke because the sulphur content in the fuel is higher than normal.53.Yes. The diesel engine exhausts white smoke because there is too much water in the fuel.54. The function of the steering gear is to control the ship’s course.55. CPP stands for Controllable Pitch Propeller.56. VIT stands for Variable Injection Timing.57. The freshwater generator on our ship is a vacuum boiling type.58. The fuel oil separator on our ship is a centrifugal type.59. The function of the fuel oil separator is to purify the fuel oil.60. The oily water separator on our ship is a gravity separation type.61. The function of the oily wate r separator is to ensure that the oil content in the water doesn’t exceed the required limit when discharged into the sea.62. The function of the incinerator is to burn up oil sludge, waste oil and some solid wastes.63. When we pump out the bilge, the oil content limit is 15 ppm.64. Hot work is any work with flame or sparks, such as gas cutting and welding.65. We often carry out water treatment for the boiler because it can reduce scale forming, prevent corrosion and water carry-over by steam.66. An exhaust gas boiler is used on a motor ship at sea.67. A donkey boiler is used on a motor ship in port.68. Generally, I will decide to overhaul the main engine according to its running hours and performance.69. The function of the soot blower is to blow soot and combustion products away from the tube surfaces.70. I will use coarse grinding material and then fine grinding material to grind the valve plate of an air compressor.71. A coupling is used to connect a diesel engine and a generator.72. The most common marine refrigeration is of a compression type.73. The components required for a compression refrigeration system include a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator.74. I will fill Freon 22 into the refrigeration system through the filling valve or the suction end of the compressor.75. That the refrigerating compressor starts and stops frequently may be a result of lack of refrigerant, dirty or iced evaporator or leaky liquid line solenoid valve.76. The windlass is used to handle the anchors.77. The deck machinery includes the mooring winch, deck crane and windlass.78. I will drain off air of the injection pump by opening the vent cock.79. I will use a special disc cleaner to clean the disc of an oil separator.80. Before disassembly of the cylinder of the main or auxiliary engine, we should prepare various tools, hoisting devices and other materials.81. We manage sewage according to the international and national regulations.第三章驾机联系四、口述题答案1．Communications between the engineers and deck officers are very important.While they are keeping watch, they will communicate with each other by telephone.For example, the duty officer will inform the duty engineer when to stand by engine, when to check out the telegraph and when the ship will arrive at the port.Before the engineer gives the main engine a trial on power, he will tell the officer.While testing the steering gear, the engineer will report the rudder angle to the bridge.If anything unexpected happens, they will notify each other as soon as possible.2.A noon report must be written every day.It is a table with three columns.The first column is for daily performance data.Here we should enter some data concerning the main engine, ship and voyage.The second column is for remarks of the chief engineer.And the third one should be filled in with the working hours of the main and auxiliary engines.3.Before taking over an engineering watch, the relieving engineer should check various things.He should read the standing orders and special instructions of the chief engineer.He should be aware of all work being performed on machinery and systems.He should check the level and condition of fuel, water or residues in tanks and bilges.He should know the condition and mode of operation of the main and auxiliary systemsHe should also check other necessary things.4.Before handing over an engineering watch, the engineer to be relieved should record all the incidents happened during his watch.He should tell the relieving engineer whether there are any special instructions.He should tell the relieving engineer all work being performed on machinery and systems.He should tell the relieving engineer the liquid levels and conditions of various tanks being used.If the ship is in port, he should tell the relieving engineer the communication channel with the shore personnel.And he should tell him all other things concerning the safety and environmental protection.5.When standing-by engine before departure, we should do various things.We should check various systems of the main engine.We should warm up the main engine.We should engage the turning gear and give the engine at least one complete turn.After informing the bridge, we will give the main engine a brief trial on power ahead and astern.Finally, we w ill ring “stand-by” on the engine telegraph.6.After a period of sailing, a ship will arrive at a port.We should begin standing by engine before arriving.The starting air receivers must be pumped up to be ready for maneuvering.Some control modes must be changed overfrom automatic to hand control.About one hour before engine movements, heavy oil should be changed over to diesel.The starting air system should be drained.If permissible, a test reversal of the engine should be carried out before arrival in congested waterways.7.When sailing at rough sea, the ship will pitch and roll violently.So we should pump up the slack tanks and secure some movable things.The main engine speed may exceed the maximum allowable RPM because the propeller may be above the sea surface.The ship’s speed may be reduced because of greater resistance.So we should closely observe the working condition of the main engine.And we should get ready to respond to any emergency conditions.8.After the ship is in position, the bridge will giv e the order “finished with engine”.At that time, we begin finishing with engine.We should check various control levers.We should shut various valves and open various cocks.We should gradually reduce the cooling water temperature over a period of 8 hours.And we should turn the main engine through 3 or 4 turns at first and through one turn at intervals during cooling.9.The steering gear should be tested before departure and arrival.It should be tested after being repaired.If requested by the port state control officer, testing should also be done.While testing the steering gear, the deck officer and the engineer should work together.The rudder angle should be checked and the system be tested.Any error or malfunction if found, should be corrected.10.Before the trial of the main engine, the duty engineer will ask the motorman to warm up oil fuel, lubricating oil and the engine.The systems of lubricating oil, cooling water and fuel oil should be checked, prepared and their pumps turned on.The compressed air system should be drained, charged and its valves opened.Then turn and run the engine by putting in starting air.After the trial of main engine, the duty engineer should write down the starting air pressure values for each time the engine is started ahead and astern.Any abnormal condition found during the trial should be written down and dealt with as soon as possible.11.Engine room orders are mainly standard engine orders.“Stand by engine” requires that engine room personnel get fully ready to manoeuvre.“Full ahead” means the maximum manoeuvring engine revolution for ahead propulsion.“Full astern” means the maximum manoeuvring engine revolution for astern propulsion.And other engine orders include “half ahead”, “half astern”, “slow ahead”, “slow astern”, “dead slow ahead” and “dead slow astern”.“Finished with engine” means that the movement of engine is no longer required.12.The telegraph in the engine room is a very important device.It is installed on the control console.Its movement is transmitted to the telegraph on the bridge.The bridge and the engine room use this system to communicate engine movements.It is usually used when the ship is going into or out of a port.The telegraph control lever has four “ahead” and four “astern” positions with the “stop” pos ition in the middle.五、问答题答案1If the communication between the engine room and the bridge fails, accidents will happen.2I need to communicate with the bridge before testing the main engine, the steering gear and whenever necessary. 3To communicate with the bridge, I usually use the telephone.4I think that the records of the communications should be maintained because they can provide evidence of operation and references for deciding responsibilities.5Yes, I think English is very important during the communication.6 We should check the engine telegraph before sailing, usually one hour in advance.7 Checking the telegraph usually begins with the “Slow” position ordered from the bridge.8 We should test the steering gear before departure from a port and arrival at a port.9 Before starting the main engine, we should check the various systems of the engine, especially the reversing and control gear.10 We will test the main engine by running it briefly on power both ahead and astern.11 When “Stand by engine”, we will start the fresh water pump and make other preparations for the cooling water system.12 When “Stand by engine”, we should start the lube oil pump and make sure that lube oil supply is in order.13 When I am going to change fuel oil over to diesel oil, I will gradually change the oil temperature.14 That the engine speed rises up by using fuel oil instead of diesel oil is because the calorific value of fuel oil is higher than that of diesel oil.15 When “Finished with engine”, we will shut down the air system, put in the turning gear, open all drains and indicator cocks, and do a lot of other things.16 We should warm up the oils gradually when the ship is sailing in the cold zone.17 The duty engineer should quickly operate the main engine astern when “Full astern” is ringing up.18 The duty engineer will correct the clock in the engine room by comparing it with the clock on the bridge at noon.第四章应急用语四、口述题答案1.I have heard of a case of main engine trouble.During navigation, the engine room alarm sounded.The control room computer showed that the exhaust temperature of No.5 cylinder of the main engine is abnormal.Upon check, the fuelcam for that cylinder was found broken.As there was no spare parts on board, that cylinder was cut off until the ship arrived at the next port of call.I think that engineer on that ship did the right thing.2.Sudden stoppage of the main engine is a serious accident.The problem may lie in the fuel system of the engine, but also can be in other systems.Even reduction gear breakdown can cause main engine stoppage.In the event of sudden stoppage, the bridge should be informed immediately.If the ship is near a port, she will be towed into the port for troubleshooting and repair.If the ship is at open sea and the engineers cannot solve the problem, the ship will ask for assistance and rescue.3.Turbocharger surge can be due to various reasons.One is high back pressure of the exhaust manifold and low flowing quantity through it.Another is the insufficient supply or bad combustibility of fuel oil.A narrowed scavenging air passage is a possible cause too.Scavenge fire can also cause turbocharger surge.Actions to be taken vary with the troubles and situations.4.In some emergency cases, the main engine may run with one cylinder cut off.In this case, the engine must run at a lower speed.The engineer must reduce the load of the engine.The exhaust gas temperature of the remaining cylinder should not exceed normal full-load temperatures.Sometimes severe or even dangerous vibrations may occur.The engineer must keep close watch on the situation.If necessary, some measures must be taken.5.Once a scavenge fire occurs, the engine should be slowed down.Fuel to the affected cylinders should be shut off.Cylinder lubrication should be increased to minimize the risk of seizure.All the scavenge drains should be closed.A small fire will quickly burn out.But if the fire persists, the engine must be stopped.6.If a crankcase explosion occurs, we should immediately take actions.We should reduce speed to “slow”.We should ask the bridge for permission to stop.When the engine is stopped, stop the primary fuel oil pump.And stop the lubricating oil pump.Then do something to find the cause of the explosion.7.I have heard of a blackout case on board a ship.That s hip’s fourth engineer mistakenly shut down No.1 auxiliary engine which was supplying electric power.At that time, the ship was turning to port, using No.2 hydraulic pump of the steering gear.With no electricity, the rudder remained at 4 degrees to port and the ship struck a ship at anchor.The emergency power of that ship could supply power to No.1 hydraulic pump but the duty officer on the bridge did not know that and did not start that pump immediately.I think that this accident could have been avoided if some crewmembers of that ship had had more knowledge about their ship and worked more carefully.8.To start an emergency generator, the following procedures must be followed:First check the lube oil level in the crankcase of its prime mover.Then check the fuel oil level in the tank.Also check the air pressure if the generator unit is air-started.And check the battery voltage if the unit is battery started.Make sure that there are no obstacles around the machine.After seeing that every thing is in order, start the machine.。
