安全事故根源分析图中英文

••Collect Evidence 收集证据•••People, Parts, Positions and Paper 人证、物证、位置和文件•••Preserve Evidence 保护证据•可能的直接原因 Possible immediate causes123456工具、设备及车辆 Tools,Equipment & Venires781-12-13-14-15-16-1设备有缺陷 Defective equipment 7-18-11-22-23-24-25-26-2设备不足 Inadequate equipment 7-28-21-32-33-34-35-36-3设备准备不够 Improperly prepared 7-38-31-42-43-44-45-46-4工具缺陷 Defective tools 7-48-41-52-53-54-55-56-5工具欠妥 inadequate tools7-58-51-62-63-64-65-66-6工具准备不妥 Improperly prepared tools 7-61-72-73-74-75-76-7车辆有缺陷 Defective Vehicle7-71-82-83-84-85-86-8车型和用途不符 Inadequate vehicle for the purpose7-81-93-94-95-96-9车辆准备欠妥 Improperly prepared vehicle 7-91-105-106-10其它因素 Others7-101-117-118-67-12可能的系统原因 Possible system causes1体力 Physical Capability 2身体状况 Physical condition 3精神状态 Mental State4精神压力 Mental Stress5行为 Behavior6技术水平 Skill Level7训练/知识转换 Training/ Knowledge transfer 8管理/监督/员工的领导关系Management/ supervision/ Employee 9承包商的选择和审查contractor selection & oversight 10工程/设计Engineering/ Design 11工作计划 Work Planning12采购、材料处理及材料控制Purchasing, Material handing & Material 13工具和设备 Tools & Equipment 14工作规程/政策/标准/程序（PSP ） Work Rules/ Policies /Standards /Procedures(PSP)15沟通 Communication 1-1视力低下 Vision deficiency 2-1原先受伤或得病Previous injury or illness3-1判断力差 Poor judgment 4-1全神贯注于别的问题Preoccupation with problems5-1不合格的操作近观到奖赏Improper performance is rewarded6-1对所需求技术没有充分评估 Inadequate assessment ofrequired skills 7-1没有进行充分的知识转换 inadequate knowledge transfer8-1角色和职责冲突 Conflicting roles/responsibilities9-1承包商未进行资格预审 Lack of contractor pre-qualifications 10-1技术设计欠妥 inadequate technical design11-1工作计划欠妥 Inadequate work planning12-1收货项目与订购项目不符 Incorrect item received13-1需求和风险评估欠妥 Inadequate assessment of needs and risks14-1执行任务缺乏PSP Lack of PSP for the task15-1在同伴间水平沟通不完善 Inadequate horizontal communication between peers 1-2听力低下 Hearing deficiency 2-2疲劳 Fatigue3-2记忆力丧失 Memory failure 4-2受到挫折 Frustration •节省时间努力 saves time or effort 6-2缺乏技术实践 Inadequatepractice of skill•不能领会 inability to comprehend •报告关系不明确 unclear reporting relation ship9-2承包商资格预审欠妥 inadequate contractor per-qualifications •设计输入陈旧 design input obsolete 11-2预防性保养欠妥 Inadequate preventive maintenance•给供应商的规范不正确 Inadequate specification to vendor13-2人的因素及人机控制考虑欠缺 Inadequate human factors/ ergonomics considerations •缺乏PSP 的详细职责 lack of defined responsibility for PSP15-2上下级间垂直沟通不完善 Inadequate vertical communication between supervisor and person 1-3基它感觉缺陷 Other Sensory Deficiency•由于工作量 Due to workload 3-3协调不好或反应时间长 Poor coordination or reaction time 4-3对工作方向及要求模糊不清 Contusing Directions /demands•避免不便 avoids discomfort 6-3不经常操作的技术Infrequent performance of skill•导师资格欠缺 inadequate instructor qualifications•报告关系矛盾 conflicting reporting relation ship9-3承包商选用欠妥 inadequate contractor selection•设计输入不正确 design input not correct•维护需求评估 assessment of needs •订购书上的规范不明确 inadequate specification on requisition13-3标准和堆满不合适 Inadequate standards or specifications•缺乏作业安全分析 lack of job safety analysis 15-3不同机构间沟通不完善 Inadequatecommunication between different organizations 1-4肺活量下降 Reduced Respiratory Capacity •由于缺乏休息 due to lack of rest3-4情绪干扰 Emotional disturbance 4-4目标或要求相冲突Conflicting directions •哗众取宠 gains attention 6-4缺乏技术指导 Lack ofcoaching on skill •培训设备不够 Inadequate training equipment•职责分配不清 unclear assignment of responsibility9-4雇用未经审核批准的承包商use of non-approved contractor•设计输入不可用 design input not available•润滑/维修 lubrication/ servicing •对订单修改控制不当 inadequate control on changes to orders13-4不适当的可用性 Inadequate availability •作业安全分析不当 inadequate job safety analysis 15-4工作组之间沟通不完善 Inadequate communication between work groups 1-5其它良久性身体残疾 Other Permanent Physical disabilities •由于感官超载 due to sensory overload3-5恐惧 Fears or phobias 4-5无意义的或品味低的活动 Meaningless or degrading activities 5-2没有适当的监督示范improper supervisory example6-5没有充分温习训练以巩固技术 Instruction to establishskill•误解指令说明 misunderstood instructions •职责分配矛盾 conflicting assignment of responsibility9-5无工程监管 Lack of job oversight•设计输入不妥 design output inadequate•调整/装配 adjustment/ assembly•供应商未经批准擅自更换替代品unauthorized substitution13-5调节、修理、保养欠妥 Inadequate adjustment/ repair /maintenance 14-2PSP 工作展开不力 Inadequate development of PSP15-5班组之间沟通不完善 Inadequate communication between shifts1-6暂时残疾 Temporary disabilities2-3操作能力降低 Diminished performance3-6缺乏机械知识 Low mechanical aptitude 4-6情绪超负荷 Emotional overload5-3对关键的安全行为没有充分的认识 inadequate identification of critical safe6-6其它因素 Other7-2不能充分回想起训练内容 inadequate recall of training material•授权不清或不妥 improper or insufficient delegation of authority9-6工程监管欠妥 inadequate oversight•设计输入不可行 design input infeasible•清洁/涂层 deaning/ resurfacing •产品验收不完善 inadequate product acceptance requirements13-6废旧物品和再次利用物资处理不妥Inadequate salvage and reclamation•程序和设备设计不相一致 inadequate coordination with process /equipment design 15-6沟通方法不完善 inadequate communication methods1-7无力支撑身体姿势 Inability to sustain body positions •由于温度极限 due to temperature extremes 3-7理解能力差 Low learning aptitude 4-7过渡的评价/决定要求Extreme judgment/ decision demands5-4没有充分强调养分的安全行为 inadequate rein for cement critical safe behaviors □不适用 Not Applicable•缺乏强化培训 Training not reinforced on the job8-2不适宜的领导关系 Inadequate lead ship9-7其它因素 Other •设计输出不清 design output nuclear11-3维护性保养欠缺 Inadequate repair•未进行产品验收 no acceptance verification performance 13-7不合适部件白拆卸和更换欠妥 Inadequateremoval/ replacement of unsuitable items •员工参与PSP 制定安排不当 Inadequate employee involvement in the development 15-7沟通手段缺乏 No communication method available1-8身体活动范围受限 Restricted range of body movement •由于缺氧 due to oxygen deficiency3-8受药物影响 Infected by medication 4-8过度的精力集中 Extremeconcentration /perceptiondemands•正确的行为被指责 proper performance is criticized•缺乏再培训 inadequate refresher training frequency•业绩标准缺乏或力度不够 standards of performance missing or not enforced □不适用 Not Applicable •设计输出不正确 design output not correct•维修需求信息沟通 communication of needed repair12-2对材料和研究不足 Inadequate research onmaterials/ equipment13-8无记录档案 No equipment record history•纠正行为的详细说明不充分 inadequate definition of corrective action format for easy use 15-8指令不准确 Incorrect instructions1-9物质过敏症 Substance sensitivities or allergies •由于大气压变化 due to atmospheric pressure variation 3-9其它因素 Other 4-9极度的乏味 Extreme boredom •同事的不当压力inappropriate peer pressure7-3培训工作欠缺 Inadequate training effort•职责和底图不明 inadequate accountability•设计输出不一致 design output inconsistent•工作计划安排 scheduling of work 12-3产品运输方式线路欠妥 Inadequate mode or route of shipment13-9设备记录档案不完备 Inadequate equipment record history14-3由于内容不完善，PSP 执行不力 Inadequate implementation of PSP, due to deficiencies 15-9工作更换没有很好沟通 Inadequatecommunication due to job turnover1-10身高不够或体力不足Inadequate size or strength2-4血糖降低 Blood sugar insufficiency□不适用 Not Applicable4-10其它因素 Other •不适当的表现反馈inadequate performance feedback培训计划设计不当 inadequate training program design•执行情况反馈不够或错误 inadequate or incorrect performance feedback •没有独立的设计审查 no independent design review•部件检查 examination of parts12-4材料处理欠妥 Improper handling of materials13-10其它因素 Other •自相矛盾的要求 contradictory requirements 15-10安全和健康保护资料、规章制度或指导准则没有很好沟通 Inadequate communication ofsafety and health data, regulations or guidelines 1-11由于药物疗法造成能力下降Diminished capacity due tomedication 2-5由于使用药物或酒精而使能力削弱 Impairment due to drugor alcohol use □不适用 Not Applicable•不适当的纪律处置inadequate disciplinary process•培训目标不明确 inadequate training goats/ objectives•缺少现场走访 inadequate work site walk-through10-2所采用标准、规范和设计指导思想欠妥 inadequate standards,specifications, and /or design criteria •部件更换 parts substitution12-5材料或零件保管不妥 Improper storage of materials or spare parts□不适用 Not Applicable•混乱含糊的格式 confusing format 15-11没有使用标准术语 Standard terminology not used1-12其它因素 Other 2-6其它因素 Other 5-5过分的急功好进Inappropriate aggression•对新员工缺乏教育 inadequate new employee orientation•安全推广不力 inadequate safety promotion10-3潜在问题估计不足 inadequate assessment of potential failure 11-4过度磨损和撕裂 Excessive wear and tear12-6材料包装不妥 Inadequate material packaging•每一步超过一个行为 more than one action per step15-12没有使用查证和重复技术 Verification /repeat back techniques not used □不适用 Not Applicable□不适用 Not Applicable5-6使用不适当的方法刺激生产 Improper use of productionincentives•初始培训不妥 inadequate initial training 8-3工地和工作中隐患（危险）整改不力inadequate correction of prior hazard/incident10-4人机工程学设计欠妥 inadequate ergonomic design•使用计划不当 inadequate planning for use 12-7材料存放超期 material shelf lift exceeded •程序中无确认步骤 no check-off spaces provided15-13口信过长 Messages too long 5-7监督暗中催促 Supervisor implied haste•无法判断是否合适上岗 inadequate means to determine if qualified for job 8-4不能明确鉴别工地和工作中危险隐患inadequate identification of worksite /job 10-5施工监察欠妥 inadequate monitoring of construction •超期服役 extension of service life 12-8危险品不能正确鉴别 Improper identification of hazardous materials •不准确的步骤顺序 inaccurate sequence of steps15-14讲话干扰 Speech interference 5-8雇员性急 Employee perceived haste7-4没有提供培训 No training provided8-5不合适的变更管理系统 inadequate management of change system10-6操作准备工作评估欠妥inadequate assessment of operational •装载不当 improper loading 12-9使用不当或废弃材料处理 improper salvage and /or waste disposal•混乱模糊的指令 confusing instructions 15-15其它因素 Other 5-9其它因素 Other•没有认识到培训的必要性 need for training not identified8-6事故报告调查机制不完善 inadequate incident reporting/ investigation system 10-7对最初操作监察不力 inadequate monitoring of initial operation•未经训练的人使用 use by untrained people12-10健康安全资料使用不当 Inadequate use of safety and health data •技术性错误 technical error /missing steps □不适用 Not Applicable□不适用 Not Applicable•培训记录不对或过期 training records incorrect or out of data8-7安全会议不足或没有 inadequate or lack of safety meetings10-8评估欠妥和文档变更管理欠妥inadequate evaluation and /ordocumentation of change •使用意图错误 use for wrong purpose 12-11其它因素 Other •过多的说明 excessive references•未经培训就使用新的操作方法 new work methods introduced without training 8-8安全业绩考核和评估不当inadequate performance measurement& assessment10-9其它因素 Other 11-5有关参考资料或文献资料不足Inadequate reference materials or□不适用 Not Applicable•潜在的情形没有覆盖 potential situations not covered•故意不参加培训 decision made not to train8-9其它因素 Other □不适用 Not Applicable11-6审核/检查/监视欠缺 Inadequate audit/inspection / monitoring 14-4PSP 强化措施不力 Inadequate enforcement of PSP7-5其它因素 Other □不适用 Not Applicable•无文件 no documentation•对工作缺乏监察 inadequate monitoring of □不适用 Not Applicable•未明确整改责任 no correction responsibility assigned•监督知识不足 inadequate supervisory knowledge•整改措施不落实 no accountability for corrective action•强化不充分 inadequate reinforcement 11-7工作安排欠妥 Inadequate job placement•没有纠正不符合 non-compliance not•没有确定合适的人选 appropriate personnel not identified14-5PSP 沟通传达不力 Inadequate communication of PSP•没有可用的合适人选 appropriate personnel not available•给工作组分发不完全 incomplete distribution to work groups•没有提供合适的人选 appropriate personnel not provided •培训整合不完善 incomplete integration with training11-8其它因素 Other •不妥的翻译 inadequate translation to appropriate languages□不适用 Not Applicable•已过时的PSP 仍在使用 Out of data revisions still in use14-6其它因素 Other□不适用 Not Applicable •缺乏控制 controls less than adequate •安置不妥 displays less than adequate •标示不妥 labels less than adequate•位置超出可及或视力范围 location out of reach or sight •相矛盾的信息 conflicting information is presented 其它因素 Others作业场所环境/布置 Work place Environment/ Layout 拥护或活动受制 Congestion or restricted motion照明不适或光线太强 Inadequate or excessive illumination 通风不宜 Inadequate ventilation 无保护的高度 unprotected height工作场所布局不妥 Inadequate work place layout 幅射 Radiation极湿 Temperature extremes凌乱或石屑碎片 Clutter or debris风暴或自然现象 Storms or acts of nature 地面或过道打滑 Slippery floors or walkways 其它因素 Other工具使用不当 Improper use of tools使用有缺陷设备(明知) Use of defective equipment (aware)加载欠妥 Improper loading 走捷径 Shortcuts 其它因素 Others工作暴露 Work Exposures to 明火和爆炸物品 Fire or explosion 噪音 Noise带电系统 Energized electrical systems除电力外能源系统 Energized system, other than electrical 保护装置、警示系统或安全装置失效 Disabled guards,保护装置、警示系统、安全装置失效 Disabled guards,其它因素 Other 集体违规 Violation by group 监督违规 Violation by supervisor未经许可操作设备 Operation of equipment without authority 工作位置或姿态不正确 Improper position or posture for the task 超体能工作 Overexertion of physical capability工作或运载速度不适宜 Work or motion at improper speed吊装欠妥 Improper lifting 没有个人保护用品 Personal protective equipment not available 其它因素 Others无思索地进行常规活动 Routine activity without thought 其它因素 Others保护方法的使用 Use of Protective Methods 工具或设备使用 Use of Tools or Equipment 使用有缺陷工具(明知) Use of defective tools (aware)工具、设备和材料放置欠妥 Improper placement of tools,设备操作速度欠妥 Operation of equipment at improper speed 对正在运行的设备进行维修 Servicing of equipment in operation未作警告 Failure to warn使用药物或酒精 Use of drugs or alcohol遵守工作程序方面 Following Procedures 个人违规 Violation by individual 设备使用欠妥 Improper use of equipment 缺乏隐患存在意识 Lack of knowledge of Hazards present 未使用个人保护用品 Personal protective equipment not used 个人保护用品使用不正确 Improper use of proper personal 动力设备维修保养 Servicing of energized equipment 设备和材料未能固定 Equipment of materials not secured 个人保护用品不适宜 Inadequate warning systems个人保护用品缺陷 Defective personal protective equipment 安全装置欠妥 Inadequate safety devices 安全装置有缺陷 Defective safety devices 其它因素 Others决定欠妥或缺乏判断 Improper decision making or lack of judgment 注意力分散 Distracted by other concerns忽视地面和周围环境 inattention to footing and surrounding 嬉闹 Horseplay暴力行为 Acts of violence 警示系统不适 Inadequate warning systems 警示系统缺陷 Defective warning systems工艺或设备隔离不妥 Inadequate iodation of process or equipment 化学危险品 Hazardous chemicals 行为类 Actions条件类 Conditions保护系统 Protective systems疏忽/缺乏安全意识 Inattention/ Lack of Awareness 护罩和保护性装置不够 Inadequate guards or protective devices 护罩或保护性装置有缺陷 Defective guards or protective devices RCA Step 2: Identify Critical Factors Identify Critical Cause Factors 识别事故关键起因Analyze information 分析所收集的信息Causal Factor Charting 重建起因事件链管理体系要素 Managerment systemDocument the type /Severity of event 记录事故的类型和严重程Cover the who /what / when / where / how as know at the time 包括所涉及的人、事件、时间、地点和目前的进展Investigation team establishment 成立事故调查小组机械危险物 Mechanical hazardsPreparing Investigation人为因素 Job factors工作因素 Job factors调查准备根源分析第1步：收集证据RCA Step 1: Data Collection根源分析第2步：找出关键起因领导及职责Leadership and Accountability风险评估和管理Risk Assessment and Management人员、培训和行为People, Training and Behaviors与承包商和其它方合作 Working with Contractors andothers装置设计和安装Facilities Design and Construction实施和运行Implementation and Operation变更管理Management of change信息和文档Information and Documentation客户和产品Customers and Products社区和相关方意识Community and stakeholder Awareness危机和应急管理Crisis and Emergency Management事故分析和预防Incidents Analysis and Prevention评估、保障和改进 Assessment Assurance &Improvement事故For each identified critical factor, consider if any of the listed rort cause categories apply. if 'yes', circle the specific root cause.If none of the root causes in the category apply, then check the 'not applicable' box at the bottom of the column.针对每个关键起因，逐个分析所列的事故根源是否适用。

1事故日期:2008年11月18日2事故时间:34事故类型:5是否有人员受伤?如果有，请描述伤者及受伤细节:No6故障原因 :7是否对服务器产生影响：8事故过程：110:00AM 214:00PM 314:30PM 415:00PM 516:00PM 616:30PM 105:40AM 205:50AM 307:00AM 408:30AM 510:00AM事故地点:（样例）运行低压及计算机机房空调设备CRAC(ComputerRoomAirConditioning)漏水1) 制冷低压:在计算机房空调设备安装初始运行过程中高压阀和低压阀的螺栓安装错误，从而导致冷冻剂从高压阀泄漏。

NoPSG Maggy Li received call from Juniper Security re water detection alarm for CRAC 2Connected with local partner Mike Chang and request for him to be on site asap PSG local partner Mike Chang arrived on site and found the "Water leak alarm" triggered and"Low pressure" message showed in the display of CRAC 2, same information as showed onNov18Mike Chang's colleague Alex and aircon vendor arrived on siteAfter checking, two problem detected and rectified as below:2) 漏水:加湿器排水泵在塑料及铜件连接部分的导管接头松动，使接头处漏水（在上次维修中已经检查该部位(it was checked during last maintenance and appeared operational)2008年11月18日###和###确认正常后离开现场2008年11月19日重新启动CRAC 设备,不再显示“低压”及警报信息从 处接到电话###和###赶到事故现场，发现“漏水报警器鸣叫”并且在CRAC 上显示“低压”查看并检测活动地板下的水槽，发现积满水,水满漫过地板，从而触发了警报。

Mine explosion accident tree analysis Safety inspection tableThe serial number Check the content Check the method Check theresultinstructions1 Grassroots organization1.1 Have a sound managementinstitutions at the locallevel The basic unit investigation1,2 Related to productionsafety guidelines for theimplementation of thepolicy documents, learning,implementation, andunderstanding of workersafety in production. The basic unit investigation2 Working conditions in theprocess of production2.1 ventilation The supply air volumeshall not be less than 4 m3per minute per person2.2 Mechanical and electrical In a timely manner ofwater supply and drainagepipeline insulationbandaging, prevention andcontrol of frost crackpipes, valves.Arrange personnel underthe well, eliminatemechanical and electricalaccidents.2.3 dig2.4 communication Check the communicationequipment2.5 transport Check the transportequipment3 The working environment3.1 The mining area or exit inthe working face was clear Arrange personnel under the well3.2 Mine flood, fire, gas, coaldust and so on completedisaster preventionmeasures is effective Arrange personnel under the well3.3Whether the personal quality and use of labor protection articles comply with safety regulationsInspection on protective equipment3.4 Surface wind machine room, boiler pressure vessel and other special equipmentCheck whether the safety attachment is sensitive, reliable and complete3.5 Main ventilation rooms, libraries, blasting equipment distribution, pressure wind machine room, winch room, boiler roomCheck the equipmentThe top events: the coal mine gas explosion The immediate cause events:1.A Gas chromaB The presence of high temperature fireC Low concentration of oxygen(Between A, B, C and gate, because the three factors of coal mine gas explosion must have, the first is the gas concentration, the second is the existence of the fire source, three is the oxygen concentration is too low, lead to the spread of the gas in A short time is not fully caused by explosion)2、Gas chroma of the cause of the event:3.The reason for the existence of the high temperature fire events: A External heat sourceB The nature of coalFor the or gate between (A, B, as long as meet any one could trigger the generation of fire) The immediate cause of coal natural events:A Itself has a combustion tendentiousnessB Have a moderate amount of oxygenC Cooling bad heat accumulation (A, B, C between as and gate, because the necessary conditions of combustion has A certain oxygen, have fire, achieve ignition) The immediate cause of low oxygen concentration events: Ventilation equipment is faultyWith thedoorOr gateOr gateCoalmine gas explosionGas chroma Thepresenceofhigh Low concentrationVentilati on isfaulty ExternalheaThe natureof coalItself hasacombustiHavetherightCoolingbad heataccumulatiVentilationequipmeM1M2M3X1X2 M4X1X3X4X55.The qualitative analysis(1) the minimum cut sets (diameter). According to "multiply" judge method to judge, by the accident tree is above the minimum cut set has 2, the path set with five.(2)A structure function:T=M1╳M2╳M3=x1(x2+M4)x6=x1(x2+x3x4x5)x6=x1x2x6+x1x3x4x5x6Have two groups of minimum cut sets is:G1={x1x2x6}, G2=x1x3x4x5x6T=M1+M2+M3=x1+[x2(x3+x4+x5)]+x6=x1+x2x3+x2x4+x2x5+x6Or get 5 groups the path sets:P1={x1}P2={x2x3}P3={x2x4}P4={x2x5}P5={x6}quantitative analysisBasic event probability values tableCode name Basic event name q 1-qX1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 Ventilation haveobstaclesExternal heat sourceThe nature of coalItself has acombustiontendentiousnessHave a moderateamount of oxygenCooling bad heataccumulationVentilation equipmentis faulty0.050.130.120.020.070.070.050.950.870.880.980.930.930.95Probability importance:As shown in figure fault tree's minimum cut sets {X1, X2, X6}, {X1, X3, X4, X5, X6}, the probability of each basic event q1 = 0.05, respectively, q2 = 0.13, q3 = 0.02, q4 = 0.07, q5 = 0.07, q6 = 0.05Set qG1 = q1q2q6, qG2 = q1q3q4q5q6, according to the formula:G=qG1+qG2_qG1qG2_qG1qG2=q1q2q6+q1q3q4q5q6-q1q2q6q1q3q4q5q6-q1q2q6q1q3q4q5q6Ig(1)=q2q6+q3q4q5q6-4Xq1q2q3q4q5q6q6=0.13X0.05+0.02X0.07X0.07X0.05-4X0.05X0.13X0.02X0.07X0.05X0.05=0.0065Ig(2)=q1q6-2xq1q1q3q4q5q6q6=0.05x0.05-0.05x0.05x0.02x0.07x0.07x0.05x0.05x2=0.0025Ig(3)=q1q4q5q6-2xq1q1q2q4q5q6q6=0.00001Ig(4)=q1q3q5q6-q1q1q2q3q5q6q6=0.000003Ig(5)=q1q3q4q6-q1q2q3q4q6q6x2=0.000001I(6)=q1q2+q1q3q4q5-4xq1q1q2q3q4q5q6=0.0065According to the probability importance coefficient sequence is as follows:Ig(1)=Ig(6)>Ig(2)>Ig(3)>Ig(4)>Ig(5)煤矿爆炸事故树分析小组成员：刘家冰祖铭敏石欢吉璐阳赵云红。

(全景展示)交通事故发生的因素及防范方案英文版Document Title: Factors and Prevention Measures of Traffic Accidents (A Comprehensive Overview)IntroductionIn this document, we will explore the various factors contributing to traffic accidents and propose prevention measures to mitigate the risks involved.Factors Leading to Traffic Accidents1. Human Factors- Driver fatigue- Distracted driving- Speeding- Reckless driving behavior2. Environmental Factors- Poor weather conditions (rain, snow, fog)- Road construction- Lack of proper lighting on roads3. Vehicle Factors- Mechanical failures- Lack of maintenance- Defective parts4. Infrastructure Factors- Poor road design- Lack of traffic signs and signals- Inadequate road maintenancePrevention Measures1. Education and Awareness- Conduct driver education programs- Spread awareness about the dangers of distracted driving - Promote safe driving practices through campaigns2. Enforcement of Traffic Laws- Strict enforcement of speed limits- Crackdown on drunk driving- Implementing penalties for reckless driving behavior3. Infrastructure Improvements- Regular maintenance of roads and bridges- Installation of proper signage and signals- Implementing road safety audits4. Technology Integration- Use of advanced safety features in vehicles- Implementing speed detection devices- Utilizing traffic monitoring systems5. Emergency Response- Enhance emergency response systems for quick assistance- Provide training for first responders to handle traffic accident situations effectively- Establishing designated trauma centers for accident victimsConclusionBy addressing the various factors contributing to traffic accidents and implementing preventive measures, we can work towards reducing the number of accidents on our roads. It is crucial for all stakeholders, including government agencies, law enforcement, drivers, and the community, to collaborate in creating a safer environment for everyone.。

根本原因分析（RCA）作者：褚慎强来源：《国外畜牧学·猪与禽》2015年第02期中图分类号：F273 文献标识码：C 文章编号：1001-0769（2015）02-0075-02根本原因分析（RCA）英文全称是Root Cause Analysis，它是一项结构化的问题处理法，用以逐步找出问题的根本原因并加以解决，而不是仅仅关注问题的表征。

根本原因分析是一个系统化的问题处理过程，包括确定和分析问题原因，找出问题解决办法，并制定问题预防措施。

在组织管理领域内，根本原因分析能够帮助利益相关者发现组织问题的症结，并找出根本性的解决方案。

本文就RCA在安全事故中的分析方法与读者共享。

事故对我们每个人来说并不陌生，在每天的工作和生活中经常能听到或者见到一些有关事故的报道。

不管是煤矿爆炸事故、交通伤亡事故，还是电网漏电、有毒有害气体的泄漏等等。

这些事故严重损害到人和财产的安全，是我们每个人不愿意看到，也不愿意听到的事情。

无论是在高危行业还是较安全行业，每个工作人员都在渴望和追求安全。

但我们的周边存在着各种事故隐患，一旦条件俱备，事故就可能会发生。

所以要研究一定的方法和策略来控制和预防事故的发生。

由此我们就从认识事故的概念，研究事故发生的机理等方面入手，来了解事故背后的真正原因，进而控制事故的发生。

多数问题都有不止于一种应对之法，这些各不相同的解决之法，对于企业来说亦有不同程度的资源需求。

因为这种关联性的存在，就需要有一种最为有利的方案，能够快速、妥善地解决问题。

因此，只顾解决表面原因、而不管根本原因的解决之法成为一种普遍现象，就不足为怪了。

然而，选择这种急功近利的问题解决办法，治标不治本，问题免不了要复发，其结果是企业不得不一而再、再而三地重复应对同一个问题。

可以想象，这些方法的累积成本肯定是惊人的。

我们来看一下，当意外/事故发生后，您会面临什么选择？①选择忽略未遂事件。

因为我们不愿花费资源去调查没有造成损失的事情。