中考自招寒假讲义【第四讲-名词性从句(主从+宾从)+词汇翻译阅读】-学生版-八佰伴初小英语组

高中英语语法讲义---- 名词性从句（主从、表从、宾从，同从）1，陈述句做名从用连词that + SV, that 表主句肯定从句完整，不做成分。

主从可用it 做形式主语，宾从第一个that 可省略。

You study hard.主从：That you study hard is known to us.= It is known to us that you study hard.表从：My opinion is that you study hard .宾从：I think (that) you study hard. …and that (不能省略)….同从：My opinion that you study hard is known to us. *比较同从和主从！●一般抽象名词后对其进行解释和说明的完整句子就是其同位语从句，不完整就是定语从句。

I appreciate your idea that we have an exam every week. （that后完整—同从）I appreciate your idea that you came up with last time.（that后不完整---定从）2，一般问句做名从用连词whether(是否) + SV，whether表主句不肯定从句完整，宾从中可用if（介词后或宾从后有or not时只用whether）。

Does your friend like English ?主从：Whether your friend likes English isn’t clear .=It isn’t clear whether your friend likes English.表从：My question is whether your friend likes English.宾从：I don’t know whether/ if your friend likes English.同从：My question whether your friend likes English isn’t clear.3, 特殊问句做名从用疑问词（连词）+ SV, 疑问词做主语时直接+谓语。

专题03名词性从句目录考点聚焦：核心考点，有的放矢重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺牛刀小试：知识点和关键点训练，能力提升学以致用：提升专练，全面突破考点一主语从句考点二宾语从句考点三表语从句考点四同位语从句考点一主语从句在主从复合句中，作主语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为主语从句。

主句从句可以由连词、连接代词或连接副词引导，且不能省略。

另外，主句的动词大多用be动词或其他系动词。

连词that，whether引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，不能省略。

由它们引导的主语从句，多用it作形式主语。

①That she was beautiful was plain to everyone.大家都能看出她很漂亮。

主语从句②It was plain to everyone that she was beautiful.形式主语真正主语（主语从句）说明：①中that是连词，引导主语从句she was beautiful。

that在主句从句中不作任何成分，也没有词义，that 不能省略。

由that引导的主语从句可改写为由it作形式主语的句子②。

①Whether he’ll come(or not)hasn’t been decided.他是否会来，还没定下来。

主语从句谓语②It hasn’t been decided whether he’ll come or not.形式主语真正主语（主语从句）③（误）It hasn’t been decided if he’ll come.（误）If he’ll come hasn’t been decided.说明：①中whether引导主语从句，whether在从句中不作任何成分，但有含义，意为“是否”，whether不能省略。

此句中，因为主句的时态为现在时态，所以主语从句的时态不受主句的限制。

由whether引导的主语从句常可改写为②，即一个由it作形式主语的句子。

高中英语语法讲义 -- 名词性从句（主从、表从、宾从，同从）1， 陈述句做名从用连词 that + SV, that 表主句肯定从句完整，不做成分。

主从可用 it 做形式主语， 宾从第 个 that 可省略。

You study hard. 主从： That you study hard is known to us.= It is known to us that you study hard.表从： My opinion is that you study hard .宾从： I think （that ） you study hard. ⋯ and tha 不t （能省略 ） ⋯.同从： M y opinion that you study hard is known to us. * 比较同从和主从！ 般抽象名词后对其进行解释和说明的完整句子就是其同位语从句，不完整就是定语从句。

I appreciate your idea that we have an exam every week. （ that 后完整 — 同从）I appreciate your idea that you came up with last time. （ that 后不完整 --- 定从）2， 一般问句做名从用连词 whether （是否） + SV ，whether 表主句不肯定从句完整， 宾从中可用 if （介词后或宾3, 特殊问句做名从用疑问词（连词） + SV, 疑问词做主语时直接 接不完整从句，连接副词（ when/where/why/how ）接完整从句。

Where did you go just now ?从后有 or not 时只用 whether ）。

Does your friend like English ? 主从： Whether your friend likes English isn ' t clear .=It isn ' t clear whether your friend likes English.表从： My question is whether your friend likes English.宾从： I don ' t know whether/ if your friend likes English.同从： My question whether your friend likes English isn ' t clear.+谓语。

名词性从句名词性从句（主语、表语、宾语、同位语从句）（一）主语从句1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2．构成：关联词+简单句3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1) 从属连词that。

如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。

(2) 从属连词whether。

如：Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。

(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词where, when, how, why。

如：What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。

解释：1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。

常以it作形式主语的句型有：A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。

如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。

如：It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。

C.It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。

如：It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。

宾语从句的理解(干货)1. 宾语从句的概念2. 宾语从句语序3. 宾语从句时态和引导词注：找宾语从句的方法与找定语从句的方法是一样的，需要我们去区别的是宾语从句还是主语宾语，属于句子主干成分，在从句中做动词，介词和形容词的宾语。

【考点1】宾语从句的概念宾语从句指的是在句子中起宾语作用的从句。

宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

1.动词的宾语从句：He told us that they would help us though the whole work.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.2.介词的宾语从句：The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.3.形容词的宾语从句：I am sure that I will pass the exam.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.例题：划出下列句子中的宾语从句。

1.None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.2.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.3.We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.4.1 am sorry that I have troubled you so long.找从句有一个关键的方法，无论是哪种类型的从句，都可以按照这个方法，从引导词开始找，往后看，看引导词后有几个谓语动词，如果只有一个，这个从句就从引导词直到句末，如果有两个谓语次动词，从句就在引导词开始数的第二个谓语动词之前。

1. 掌握名词性从句的分类及各自的句法功能。

2. 初步了解主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

重点：名词性从句的分类及判定。

难点：同位语从句与定语从句的辨析。

1. 作为三大从句之一，名词性从句是高中英语中需要重点掌握的知识，也是高考考查的重点。

在高考试题中对名词性从句的考查非常频繁，而且出现多年连续考查的情况。

2. 在近年的高考试题中，涉及名词性从句的题目突出了对what, that, whatever等引导词的考查，从考查形式来看，试题的设置也越来越灵活，越来越新颖多样：其一，把两种名词性从句融合在一起考查；其二，与状语从句或强调句型结合起来考查；其三，名词性从句与it 作形式主语、形式宾语相结合的考查。

What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信, 由于地球上长期有水存在, 使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。

本句包含两个名词性从句，一是由what引导的主语从句，在从句中作believe的宾语；二是由that引导的表语从句。

此句还可转换为：Many scientists believe that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (宾语从句)It is believed by scientists that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (主语从句)名词性从句：具有名词作用的从句。

名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（Noun Clauses）. 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.第一节知识点讲解顾名思义,主语从句在句子中作主语。

有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部,前面用形式主语it代替。

从句作主语时,谓语动词一般为单数形式。

如：What I saw was beyond any verbal description。

That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit。

Why the company denied the contract is still unknown。

When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion.It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing。

It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received。

Tips：主语从句的that绝对不能省去。

因为句子是不能做主语的，故用that引导.若去掉则没有了主语，而宾语从句的that可省。

主语从句:That he is right is known to all of us.宾语从句：We all know (that） he is right.1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。

而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that.被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。

中考冲刺讲义第4讲T1考纲重点单词梳理中考重点单词H-I【浦东新区】Write at least 60 words about the topic “I enjoy (reading, traveling, doing sports...)”请以“我喜欢做……”为题目，写一篇不少于60个词的短文。

要求内容贴意思连贯。

请在答题纸上补充完整题目（注意：短文中不得出现任何人名、校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分）Use the following as your reference:＞What do you enjoy doing?＞Why do you enjoy doing it?＞What can you get/learn from it?【参考范文】I Like Reading NewspapersAs students, we usually get the information through watching TV, reading newspapers, surfing the net and so on. However, I like reading newspapers best.Not only can newspapers bring news to us, but also provide us with many other things I can’t learn from the English textbook, such as how to cook. Moreover, it’s good for my English study for plenty of short sayings and mottos can be learned from the newspaper s.In a word, it’s worth reading English newspapers!修改意见：题目可以改成I like reading English newspapers，因为文章的内容及结尾都是围绕English newspapers来展开叙述的；第二段的us换成me.修改后的文章：I Like Reading English NewspapersAs students, we usually get various information through watching TV, surfing the net and so on. However, reading English newspapers plays an important role in my daily life.Not only can newspapers bring news to me, but also enable me to acquire more knowledge I can’t learn from the English textbook, such as how to cook. Moreover, all sorts of short sayings and mottos in the newspapers do a lot of good to my English study.In a word, I cannot emphasize the importance of reading English newspapers too much, I will persist.写作提升：1、not only…but also… 不仅…而且…放句首，句子要部分倒装2、moreover“而且”表示递进关系，类似的短语还有what’s more, besides, furthermore.3、in a word“总之”表示归纳总结，类似的短语还有on the whole, in short, all in all, in general, to sum up.4、be worth doing值得做……eg: Anything that is to be done is worth doing well.任何需要做的事都值得做好。

初中英语语法讲解：名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句一、名词性从句1. 概念名词性从句是指在句子中起名词作用的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

2. 搭配与用法主语从句：作为句子的主语，通常使用连接词that（无实际意义，不可省略）或whether/if（表示选择，不可省略）引导。

例句：That he will come to the party remains uncertain.（他是否会来参加聚会还不确定。

）宾语从句：作为动词或介词的宾语，可以由that、if/whether、特殊疑问词等引导。

例句：I don't know if he will come.（我不知道他是否会来。

）表语从句：作为连系动词的表语，通常由that引导，但that通常可以省略。

例句：The fact is that he didn't come.（事实是，他没来。

）同位语从句：用于解释说明前面的名词，通常由that引导，但that不可省略。

例句：The news that he resigned was a surprise.（他辞职的消息是个惊喜。

）3. 注意事项宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词是think、believe、expect、suppose等表示心理活动的动词时，如果宾语从句表示的是事实，则宾语从句的否定通常要转移到主句上来表达。

例句：I don't think he will come.（我认为他不会来。

）在名词性从句中，一般不使用疑问句语序，而是使用陈述句语序。

例句：Can you tell me how I can get to the park?（请告诉我如何去公园？）而不是Can you tell me how can I get to the park?二、形容词性从句（定语从句）1. 概念形容词性从句，也称为定语从句，用于修饰或限定一个名词或代词，描述这个名词或代词的性质或特征。

一．名词性从句测试1.Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ___________. (2000年全国卷)A. who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is2. These shoes look very good. I wonder __________.（06年上海春招）A. how much cost they areB. how much do they costC. how much they costD. how much are they cost3 Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home. （2008浙江卷）A. whatB. thatC. whichD. one4 Many young people in the West are expected to leave __ could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck. （2009江苏卷）5It has been proved ___ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (2008上海卷)A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. that6It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future. （2009年天津卷）A. asB. whichC. whetherD. that7 We haven’t settled the question of ______________ it is necessary for hi m to study abroad.（06年江苏卷）A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that8 All people, __ they are old or young, rich or poor, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. （2008重庆卷）A. even ifB. whetherC. no matterD. however9 ______wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. （2008浙江卷）A. AnyoneB. The oneC. WhoeverD. Who10She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life. （2009湖南卷）A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whoever11 We should consider the students’ request ___ the school library provide more books on popular science.（2009重庆卷）A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where12There is much chance ______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race .(2006年天津卷)13---Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to NewYork?---I agree ,but the problem is ______ he refused to .(2005年江苏卷)A.will not be sent ;thatB.not be sent ;thatC.should not be sent; whatD.should not sent ;what二．名词性从句考点综合1．that 何时可以省略1) that 在宾语从句大多数情况可以省略(1)We regret (that) you did not find our prouct satisfactory.(2)We told the driver（that）we were in a hurry.特别注意：在宾语从句中，不能省略that的情况：(1)同一动词支配两个宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句的that 不能省略。

专题八：宾语从句考点集汇，讲解和训练一、在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

如：Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.（主语从句）I don’t know what he means.（宾语从句）I’m glad that you are here.（宾语从句用在形容词之后）The teacher is satisfied with what you have done.（介词宾语从句）That was because he was ill.（表语从句）The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.（同位语从句）二、引导名词性从句的连接词连接词词义功能that 无词义不作成分，只起连接作用whether/if 是否不作成分，起连接作用what,which 什么，哪个作主语、宾语、表语who,whom,whose 谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语作状语when,where,how,why 什么时候/地方，怎么样，为什么how many/much 多少作定语作状语how soon/often/long/much 多久，多久一次，多长，多么... ... 词义及功能同疑问词whatever=anything that 无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定语whosever=anyone whose 无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、表语whichever=anything that 无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语whoever=anyone who 无论谁作主语whomever=anyone whom 无论谁作宾语1.that引导的从句如果作介词宾语只可用在except，in，but，besides等少数介词后。

如：I could say nothing but that I’m sorry.that引导的从句可作it的同位语从句。

精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义学员编号：年级：初三课时数： 3学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型 C 词汇+翻译拓展训练 C 名词性从句（主从+宾从）T 综合练习+评讲授课日期时段教学内容40篇短文搞定高考英语3500单词-4一帮助青少年(朗读标记生词)Whether they are male or female, adolescents feel like deciding on everything themselves in spite of parents’instruction, especially when they face problem, like sex, mental stress, etc., which make them feel ashamed and embarrassed. Thus they often automatically get into troubles due to their imperfect comprehension and judgement. Some are addicted to cigarettes, only several packets of which will hurt their lungs and make them breathless quickly. Others can’t quit drinking alcohol, whose harmful effects include causing young pregnant women to abort or give birth to abnormal babies. The worst is drug abuse, for the withdrawal is tough once their bodies are accustomed to the drugs. Meanwhile, those who share needles bought from illegal chemists are at great risk of being infected with desperate AIDS. If so, neither injecting nor taking pills can guarantee their survival.However, don’t be disappointed at or have prejudice against our children so easily. After all, being awkward is an appendix of youth. As long as we strengthen communication with them instead of only banning this or banning that, we will surely help them avoid anything unfit.不论男女，青少年们都喜欢不顾家长的指导，自己对一切作决定，特别是当他们面对如性、心理压力等等一些使他们觉得羞愧和尴尬的问题时更是如此。

精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义学员编号：年级：初三课时数： 3学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型 C 词汇+翻译拓展训练 C 动名词分词T 综合练习+评讲授课日期时段教学内容40篇短文搞定高考英语3500单词-7女医生丽娜Born in a pigs’nest, Lina led a poor life in her childhood. She was looked down upon by the children of her generation. But she intended to become a doctor after she came across Lin Qiaozhi by chance, who was delivering medical courses to an audience crowding around her. Before moving off, Lin inspired her to carry on her study. With Lin’s support, Lina entered an institute and studied hard sparing no time for entertainment. Her being outspoken and modest won respect for her. Her excellent arguing skills and observation ability put others into the shade.Now, Lina has become a specialist in human beings’ emergency sickness. Her kindness and considerate behavior tothe poor were well known. The organization she founded carried out campaigns and welfare projects to help cut the deathrate for the poor. Her job was hard but worthwhile. She often refers to the connection between her achievement and Lin Qiaozhi, and says that her poor childhood is the bond between her and the poor.丽娜出生在猪圈里，童年过着贫穷的生活，被和她同辈的孩子看不起。

精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义学员编号：年级：初三课时数： 3学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型 C 词汇+翻译拓展训练 C 限制性定语从句T 综合练习+评讲授课日期时段教学内容40篇短文搞定高考英语3500单词-1一宗谋杀案(朗读标记生词)When giving a lecture about the significance of punctuation, the academic professor was interrupted and arrested by the police for murdering his wife, a receptionist of a kindergarten. The police found some photos he deleted from their e-album showing that they used to have a gay life. But, fed up with her wrinkled face, he murdered her instead of divorcing her to avoid fortune division. He cut up a kind of seashell with a sharpened knife, and hammered it into powder on a skateboard, and made at most one gram, which was enough to accelerate one’s pulse until he or she dies. This kind of poison can date back to 10,000 BC when people rubbed it on spears to kill beasts. The professor mixed the poison with onion, watermelon and yogurt for his wife. Howling and scratching her chest, she felt dizzy and died soon.After tentative examination, the police assumed she died of heart disease. But systematic botanical analyses showed that the watermelon spit on the messy mat and the quilt was poisonous. Regardless of exhaustion and starvation, the acute and skilful policemen used radioactive equipment to make sure the category of the poison. Primitive and not ample as their alternative equipment was, they got perfect accuracy somehow.　People applauded the police and the woman’s family can look ahead with relief now.那位学院的教授在发表关于标点符号重要意义的演讲时被**打断了，他因谋杀自己的妻子——一位幼儿园的接待员——而被逮捕。