2019届高考英语(江苏专版)二轮复习与策略讲练：第1部分 专题1 第4讲 名词性从句

把握三个复习着手点学生在做任务型阅读时常遇到的困难是：难以理解文章结构与图表；难以用适当的单词或单词的适当形式填空；不会概括；方法不当，信心不足等。

因此，在备考复习时要有的放矢地进行训练，特别要在以下几个方面注意积累经验。

1．学会查读(1)带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记；(2)留意最醒目的字眼(time，age，number，place...)；(3)依据信息词搜索所需要的内容。

如：①5W＋H：who，what，when，where，why，how；②时间先后：first，then，after that，next，finally；③因果：because，thus，lead to，caused by，as a result of；④比较：similarly，differently，like，unlike，but，while，however，instead，on the contrary。

2．学会组织、表述信息(1)用名词所有格代替of。

如：the citizens' longer living代替the longer living of the citizens(2)词性转换。

如：原文：Taking a gap year and going to university offer valuable experience in similar ways...转换成表格中：Similarities between taking a gap year and going to university...(3)句子结构转换。

如：原文：One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit；the other likely development will be a change in the proportion of the nation's workforce.转换成三个词以内的名词短语：family unit change；workforce proportion change(注意抓住句子中传达主要信息的关键词)(4)另选其他词来释义。

第四讲名词性从句1．(2016·江苏高考，21)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A．why B．whatC．as D．thatD[考查主语从句.句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能.分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，故选D 项.It is often the case that...可视为固定句式，意为“通常情况下……”.] 2．(2015·江苏高考，25)________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.A．That B．WhyC．Where D．HowC[考查名词性从句引导词的选择.句意：中国的大诗人李白的出生地众所周知，但有些人还不认可.分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet是Li Bai的同位语，where Li Bai...was born是主语从句，表示“李白出生的地方”.] 3．(2014·江苏高考，26)—What a mess！You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame，mum.I am ________ you have made me.A．how B．whatC．that D．whoB[考查名词性从句引导词的选择.句意：“真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！”“妈妈，我不应该受到责备.我这个样子都是你一手造就的.”分析句子结构可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作me的补足语，相当于the one/person that，即I am the one/person that you have made me..类似的例子还有：He is no longer what (＝the one/person that)he used to be..what在此类句子中意为“……的，具有……特征的”，相当于the one that/the person that/the things that/all that.]4．(2016·北京高考，24)Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.A．However B．WhoeverC．Whatever D．WhereverC[考查主语从句.句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要.无论你能做什么(whatever)，都会对我们有帮助.分析句子结构可知，所填词引导主语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语，所以C项whatever“无论什么”符合语境.however“无论多么”和wherever“无论在哪里”是关系副词，在句中作状语，可排除A、D两项；whoever“无论是谁，不管是谁”，不能作do的宾语，B项也可排除.] 5．(2016·北京高考，29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.A．what B．thatC．whether D．whyB[考查表语从句.句意：雨季最愉快的事情莫过于不受灰尘的袭扰.分析句子结构可知，此处是表语从句，且从句中不缺任何成分，故用that引导，所以选B项.]6．(2016·天津高考，11)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A．whether B．thatC．which D．whatB[考查同位语从句.句意：经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手.要做的工作太多了.分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项that.]【导学号：57732006】7．(2015·安徽高考，25)A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not________ships are built for.A．what B．whomC．why D．whenA[考查表语从句的引导词.句意：船停在港口是安全的，但那不是造船的本意.从ships are built for来看，表语从句的引导词作for的宾语.why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语，而whom指人，因此选what.]8．(2015·浙江高考，6)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate________is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.A．what B．whoC．that D．whoeverA[考查宾语从句引导词的选择.句意：如果你在河里或者湖里游泳，一定要弄清楚水面下有什么.经常有岩石或者树枝藏在水里.分析句子结构可知，此处investigate后接了宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用what引导.who与whoever都可以作主语，但是不符合句意；that在名词性从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分.]名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种.每一种从句都有自己的引导词，引导词都位于从句句首，且从句使用陈述语序.一、名词性从句的引导词He hasn't decided whether he will go there.Do you know who has got the first prize?What we need is more practice.Whoever has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising.When he will go abroad hasn't been decided yet.No one knew why he made such a mistake.二、名词性从句的类别1．主语从句(1)主语从句多放在主句谓语动词前，构成：主语从句＋谓语动词＋其他That he passed the driving test made us very happy.Who will take over the company has not been decided yet.(2)it作形式主语，常见的结构有：It＋be＋adj.＋that从句；It＋be＋名词(词组)＋that从句；It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句；It＋seem(appear，happen等不及物动词)＋that从句It is certain that you will pass the College Entrance Examination.It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party.2．表语从句(1)表语从句跟在系动词后，构成：主语＋系动词＋表语从句The beautiful views and the friendly people are what new comers like in San Francisco.(2)because引导表语从句强调原因，而why引导的表语从句强调结果.I think it's because you're careless.He was ill.That's why he was absent.(3)The reason why从句＋be＋that从句The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.(4)What从句＋be＋that从句What comforted the young mother was that the baby came to life.(5)It looks/seems as if/as though从句It looks as if it is going to rain.3．宾语从句(1)主语＋及物动词＋宾语从句主语＋动词＋介词＋宾语从句He often thinks of how he can make his class vivid and lively.(2)it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置.常用的谓语动词有：make，think，feel，find，consider等.I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.(3)有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语it.常见的有：like，dislike，hate，love，enjoy，appreciate，see to等.I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.I would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.(4)否定转移：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上，主句的主语必须是第一人称I，we.I don't think your answers are right.I don't believe she will attend the meeting.4．同位语从句(1)跟在名词后，对名词的内容给予说明.常见的名词有fact，idea，news，truth，hope，doubt，suggestion，belief，evidence等.The fact that she is good at English makes her the right person for the job.I have a feeling that one day we will succeed.(2)同位语从句与名词之间有时会出现插入成分，形成间隔性同位语从句.Word came that our team had won the game.三、whatever，whoever，whichever的用法wh－ever引导名词性从句表示泛指，含有“任何……”之意，有时也表示疑问；而what，who，which则表示特指意义.Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished.I believe whatever he told me.I believe what he told me.I don't know however he got the secret.1．(2016·南京调研)Remember to read about any taboos related to clothing，especially if you plan to visit ________are considered holy.A．which B．whereC．what D．thatC[句意：记得要去阅读任何有关服装的禁忌，特别是如果你计划去游览那些被认为是神圣的地方.分析句子成分可知，动词visit后面为宾语从句.在宾语从句中，谓语动词are considered前面缺少主语，结合句意可知what符合题意.] 2．(2016·南通、连云港二模)Now all of our concentration is on________it is that the global environment will return to normal.A．which B．whatC．where D．whenD[考查宾语从句.句意：现在我们所关注的是全球环境何时能恢复到正常.on之后是宾语从句，从句不缺主语或宾语，而是缺少时间状语，用when，故选D项.此处when在强调结构中作被强调部分.]3．(2016·扬州一模)A recent survey shows that the question________New Year's Eve should be included in the three－day New Year's holiday sparked heateddiscussion among Internet users.A．that B．whetherC．how D．whereB[考查同位语从句.句意：最近的一项调查显示除夕是否该包括在新年三天假期中这个问题在网民中引发了激烈的讨论.question后为同位语从句，补充说明question的具体内容，whether符合题意.故选B项.]4．(2016·南京三模)How did it come about______a quiet person should appear so wild today?A．whether B．thatC．if D．whatB[考查名词性从句.句意：一个沉默寡言的人今天竟然如此野蛮，这是怎么回事啊？it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，从句结构和意义完整.故选B项.]5．(2016·泰州二模)—How do you find the new cellphone?—Oh，quite good.A new function has been developed on this new type________it can show you vividly what is around the person you are talking to.A．how B．whichC．what D．thatD[考查同位语从句.句意：——你觉得这款新手机怎么样？——哦，很好.在这款新手机上开发了一个新功能，能把正在跟你通话的人周边的环境生动地展现给你.从句意思、结构完整，应用that引导同位语从句来补充说明a new function 的具体内容.故选D项.]6．(2016·常州二模)The single most shattering statistic about life in America in the late 1990s was ________tobacco killed more people than the combined total of those who died from AIDS，car accidents，alcohol，murder，suicide，illegal drugs and fire.A．what B．whenC[考查名词性从句.句意：在20世纪90年代后期，在美国有一项关于生命的最令人震惊的统计是死于烟草的人数超过了死于艾滋病、车祸、酗酒、谋杀、自杀、非法毒品和火灾的总人数.was后是表语从句，从句是一个完整的句子，因此直接用that来引导.故选C项.]【导学号：57732007】7．(2016·苏、锡、常、镇二模)She is________is known as a nosy person—she is always dying to know what's going on in others' lives.A．what B．whoC．whom D．thatA[考查表语从句.句意：她是为人们所知的那种爱管闲事的人——她总是渴望知道其他人的生活中正在发生什么.________ is known as a nosy person为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，排除C项；that在名词性从句中没有意义，也没有句法功能，只能起引导作用，排除D项；此处谈论的是她的个性、性格，而不是指她是谁，排除B项.故选A项.]8．(2016·苏、锡、常、镇一模)Having a good command of the language of the country where you are going to study is necessary，because language skills affect________you perform academically.A．how B．thatC．what D．whenA[考查宾语从句.句意：精通你将去的那个国家的语言是必要的，因为语言技能会对你在学术上如何表现产生影响.affect后为宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语.故选A项.]9．(2016·盐城第一学期期中考试)A competent teacher is perfectly aware that it's not what is poured into a student that counts，but________ is planted.A．what B．thatA[句意：一位称职的老师十分清楚，重要的不是要向学生灌输知识，而是要让知识在学生的脑子里扎根.分析句子成分可知，本题考查主语从句.谓语is planted前面缺少主语，故what符合题意.]10．(2016·镇江第一学期期中考试)Many developers use Google Maps to show app users their locations and________close they are to their friends and restaurants.A．what B．whenC．how D．whereC[句意：很多软件开发商通过谷歌地图向使用其应用程序的用户显示后者在地图上的位置以及他们与朋友和餐馆的距离.分析句子成分可知，横线后面的句子是show的宾语从句.根据句意可知how符合题意.]11．(2016·苏北四市摸底)—It's difficult for corrupt officials to hide abroad nowadays.—That's it！The Chinese government will do ________ it takes to get them back.A．whatever B．whoeverC．whichever D．whereverA[答句句意：是这样的！中国政府将采取一切措施让他们回来.whatever 引导宾语从句，作will do的宾语，whatever在从句中作takes的宾语，即在it takes...to do sth.这个固定句式中作宾语.]12．(2016·南京、盐城一模)After investigation，the police found out one clue ________ voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day.A．where B．whenC．that D．whoseC[句意：调查后，警察发现了一个线索：那天有人听到了从某个非常遥远的地方传来的求救声.分析句子成分可知，one clue的后面为同位语从句.从句中不缺少任何成分，结合句意可知that符合题意.]13．(2016·南通第一次调研)Many netizens are impressed with the excuse given by a teacher for quitting her job ________ she owes the world a visit.A．because B．thatC．where D．whyB[句意：一位女老师的辞职理由是“世界这么大，我想去看看”，这给很多网民留下了深刻的印象.分析句子成分可知，本题为修饰excuse的同位语从句.同位语从句中不缺少任何成分，结合句意可知that符合题意.]14．(2016·苏州第一学期期末考试)As Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man，“The highest possible stage in moral culture is ________ we recognize that we ought to control our minds.”A．that B．howC．where D．whenD[句意：正如查尔斯·达尔文在《人类的由来》中所写的那样，“人类在道德文化方面最高级的阶段，就是当我们认识到应当用理智控制思想时.”分析句子成分可知，系动词is的后面为表语从句.根据上文的stage意为“阶段，时期”可知，从句中缺少状语.结合句意可知when符合题意.]15．Massive open online courses provide a wonderful model of ________ we call high－tech learning，which helps students have access to web－based resources.A．which B．whyC．what D．howC[考查宾语从句.句意：大量开放性的在线课程提供了一个非常棒的我们称之为高科技学习的模式，这帮助学生们有机会利用网络资源.of后是宾语从句，从句中call后缺少宾语，应用what作call的宾语，故选C项.]。

专题二 完形填空
技法1| 利用上下文暗示解题
在多数空白前后的上下文中，会出现或多或少的设空依据，就是所
谓的“伏笔”或“暗示”。

学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或暗示，或顺势对下文进行推测，或逆向对上文进行推导，心中往往能预判出答案，并且在阅读过程中对预判答案不断进行修正。

[典例1 (2015·江苏高考)I'm an ambitious __40__， and when I started going through chemo (化疗), even though I'm a very 41.positive person, I lost my drive to write.
40．A.reader B．writer
C．editor D．doctor
B[联系后文中的I lost my drive to write(我失去了写作的动力)可知，作者是一名作家(writer)。

reader读者；editor编辑；doctor医生。

]
[典例2](2014·江苏高考)Speaking before groups did help him gain the 50.confidence he needed.By the time Dale was a senior，he had won every top honor in __51__．
51．A.horse－riding B．football
C．speech D．farming C[联系前文“在大庭广众下演说”(Speaking before groups)可知，此处应表示在演讲(speech)中获得荣誉。

]。

专题四任务型阅读第一节技法点拨切脉近六年任务型阅读考察特色年份话题体裁词数考点原文词汇类变换词汇类归纳词汇类2021 艺术促使经济谈论文470 2 5 3 2021 人口变化说明文486 2 3 5 2021科技对人类生活的影响谈论文435 1 7 22021 不一样的人对新闻阅读的不一样期望及原由说明文436 3 5 22021 同龄压力谈论文410 3 7 /2021 认真尽责谈论文416 5 4 1考情剖析1．任务型阅读文章在体裁方面，以谈论文为主，兼备其余种类。

词数在400到500之间，选材新奇，话题切近实质生活。

要求考生熟习文章构造、写作特色，正确掌握文章要旨粗心、写作思路和作者的写作企图等等。

2．图表和阅读文章构造对应，练习中的图表——表格式和树状式都是依据阅读文章的篇章构造进行设计的。

阅读文章，经过其标题、构造和段落设置，能够展望到图表的构造设计；借助表格，我们能够更好地理解文章主题、构造和各细节的详细出处。

文章和表格互为增补，相辅相成。

在达成试题时，联合二者，能够更有效率地达成测试任务。

3．所设题型考察了考生对信息办理的多种能力，要求考生在理解文章的根基上，获取与所供给资料有关的信息，同时要按必定的要求，用特定的词汇进行信息输出。

在考察考生对直接信息的理解能力和获取能力的根基上，更着重考察考生对间接信息的获取能力以及语言归纳、表达能力。

在考察中，考生对句子的主谓一致、时态与语态、非谓语动词、固定搭配等语言规那么的理解和掌握的能力尤其重要。

4．文章难度大，题目设置难。

近四年的任务型阅读原文难度均比较大，同时题目设置也比较难。

即便文章粗心能读懂，也很难做全对。

2021,2021,2021的该题型成为英语试卷中的“难啃的骨头〞。

5．2021,2021,2021年高考任务型阅读题目使用了表格类，2021,2021,2021年的高考命题使用了树状图，不论是树状图仍是表格类，都不影响学生答题。

2
3
技法3| 利用词语习惯搭配解题
完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的习惯搭配，主要考查动词与名词、代词之
间，动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。

熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。

[典例1](2015·江苏高考)I __55__ to myself，“If he can do it, then so can I．”
55.A.promised B．swore
C．thought D．replied
C[联系后面的话可知，此处应该是作者自己的感慨：我心想，“如果他能做到，那么我也能。

”think to oneself是固定搭配，意为“心中想”。

promise承诺；swear发誓；reply回答。

]
[典例2](2014·江苏高考)He tried __42__ the football team，but the coach turned him down for being too 43.light．
42.A.on B．for
C．in D．with
B[此句表达他争取(try for)参加足球队，但因为其自身原因被教练拒绝了。

try for是固定搭配。

]。

专题一语法知识第1讲动词与动词短语作为语法知识考察形式的单项填空是高考英语试卷的第一道题，假如能轻松拿下，就能带着一份明快的心情向后边的试题进发；假如在此卡壳了，将直接影响后边的发挥。

所以，精心备考单项填空十分重要。

切脉近三年江苏卷考点散布命题特色连续秉着“重申根基、着重能力〞的命题理念，语境清楚，题干简短，话题时髦，根本涵盖学过的词法知识和语法现象，主要考察了考生对名词、动词、形容词、介词、连词、时态语态、三大从句、非谓语动词、动词短语、情形社交等知识点的掌握状况。

题干语境信息丰富，着重在真切语境中语言的得体性考察。

词汇题只需词汇量过关根本不会失分。

只管语法对考生的语言理解及运用能力要求愈来愈高，但落脚点根本在骨干语法的根本用法上，没有偏题怪题，重申语法的表意功能，考生简单上手。

同时，在题干的话题方面，时效性很强，着重情形设置的多样性和真切性。

比方18年的题干选材就波及到了自动驾驶、电子媒介、国家软实力(China’s soft power)、睡眠健康、行为方式等。

在功能意念方面，包含了表达看法、提出建议、陈说事实等。

这种丰富、真切的情形有益于考察考生在多种情境中的综合语言运用能力。

备考策略1．与日俱增，厚积薄发单项填空题要识记的词法和语法工程包含：名词词义辨析；动词短语词义辨析；介词短语词义辨析；短句和谚语的意义等。

这些根基知识既涵盖了高中教材的全部知识点，又波及到英美国家平常生活中常用的语言现象，所以，在备考取要认真夯实根基，制定好合理高效的背诵方案并增强履行力。

2．深入发掘，全面掌握要着重对根基知识的掌握，特别是对动词时态、非谓语动词、从句的掌握。

只有全面、透辟地掌握根基知识，才能面对有关考点时“一锤定音，掷地有声〞。

3．历年真题，频频研习高考作为一个选拔性的考试，自有其严实性和系统性，正因为这两个特色决定了其命题的规律性。

事实上，语法考来考去就这么些知识点，用来用去就这么些语言现象，考生只需记着“考点不变，考察形式会变，以不变应万变〞。

类型4| 人物介绍考查要点方法技巧1.人物最显著的性格、品德特征。

2．人物的重大、有影响的经历。

3．人物最杰出的功绩、贡献、成就。

4．人物成长的时代背景。

1.把握事件发生的时间、空间及顺序。

2．理清事情发生的背景、起因、过程及结果。

3．感悟人物的情感和心理活动。

(2016·全国乙卷·A )You probably know who Marie Curie was ，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below ，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams (1860－1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (1907－1964)If it weren't for Rachel Carson ，the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O'Connor (1930－present )When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School ，in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ，in 1981，the first woman to join the U ．S.Supreme Court.O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many importantcases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (1913－2005)On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil－rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said Parks.21．What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A．Her social work.B．Her teaching skills.C．Her efforts to win a prize.D．Her community background.22．What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?A．Her lack of proper training in law.B．Her little work experience in court.C．The discrimination against women.D．The poor financial conditions.23．Who made a great contribution to the civil－rights movement in the U．S.?A．Jane Addams.B．Rachel Carson.C．Sandra Day O'Connor.D．Rosa Parks.24．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A．They are highly educated.B．They are truly creative.C．They are pioneers.D．They are peace－lovers.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了100年以来历史上四位在不同领域做出杰出贡献的女性先驱。

类型4| 人物介绍(2016·全国乙卷·A)You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(1860－1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (1907－1964)If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O'Connor (1930－present)When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School，in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981，the first woman to join the U．S.Supreme Court.O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (1913－2005)On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil－rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，”said Parks.21．What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A．Her social work. B．Her teaching skills.C．Her efforts to win a prize. D．Her community background.22．What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?A．Her lack of proper training in law.B．Her little work experience in court.C．The discrimination against women.D．The poor financial conditions.23．Who made a great contribution to the civil－rights movement in the U．S.?A．Jane Addams. B．Rachel Carson.C．Sandra Day O'Connor. D．Rosa Parks.24．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A．They are highly educated. B．They are truly creative.C．They are pioneers. D．They are peace－lovers.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了100年以来历史上四位在不同领域做出杰出贡献的女性先驱.长难句解读：If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.分析：本句为含有条件状语从句的复合句，使用了虚拟语气.翻译：如果不是Rachel Carson的话，今天的环保活动就可能不会存在.21．A[细节理解题.根据Jane Addams下的第一句话“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.(任何一个受到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams)”可知，在历史上，Jane Addams以她的社会工作而出名，故选A项.]22．C[细节理解题.根据Sandra Day O'Connor下的第一句中“she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman”可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作，是因为她是一名女性，这与C项“对于女性的歧视”相符，故选C项.] 23．D[细节理解题.根据Rosa Parks下的“...it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil－rights movement.”可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权运动，故选D项.]24．C[推理判断题.通读全文可知文中提到的这几位女性都是不同领域的先驱，都在各自领域中做出了巨大贡献，故选C项.]A(2016·泰州第一学期期末考试)Ernest Hemingway was not only a commanding figure in 20th－century literature，but was also a_pack_rat．He saved even his old passports and used bullfight tickets，leaving behind one of the longest paper trails of any author.“Ernest Hemingway: Between Two Wars”，which opens on Friday at the Morgan Library & Museum，is the first major museum exhibition devoted to Hemingway and his work.The largest and most interesting section focuses on the 20's，Hemingway's Paris years，and reveals a writer we might have been in danger of forgetting：Hemingway_before_he_became_Hemingway．The exhibition does not fail to include pictures of the bearded，manly，Hem. He's shown posing with some kudu he has just shot in Africa and on the bridge of his beloved fishing boat，the Pilar，with Carlos Gutiérrez，the fisherman who became the model for “The Old Man and the Sea”．But the first photo the viewer sees is a big blowup of a handsome，clean－shaven，19－year－old standing on crutches.This is from the summer of 1918，when Hemingway was recovering from wounds at the Red Cross hospital in Milan and trying to turn his wartime experiences into fiction.The evidence at this exhibition suggests that，in the early days，he often wrote in pencil，mostly in cheap notebooks but sometimes on whatever paper came tohand.The first draft of the short story “Soldier's Home” was written on sheets he appeared to have snatched from a telegraph office.The impression you get is of a young writer seized by inspiration and sometimes barreling ahead without an entirely clear sense of where he is going.F．Scott Fitzgerald ( some of whose letters with Hemingway is also on view) famously urged him to c ut the first two chapters of “The Sun Also Rises”，complaining about the “elephantine fa cetiousness” of the beginning，and Hemingway obliged，getting rid of a clunky opening that now seems almost “meta”．In 1929，in a nine－page penciled critique，Fitzgerald also suggested numerous revisions for “A Farewell to Arms”. Hemingway took some of these，but less graciously，and soon afterward his friendship with Fitzgerald came to an end.The papers at the Morgan show a Hemingway who is not always sure of himself.There are running lists of stories he kept fiddling with，and there are lists and lists of possible titles，including the 45 he considered for “Farewell”and 47 different endings for the novel.In display case after display case，you see Hemingway during his Paris years inventing and reinventing himself，discovering as he goes along just what kind of writer he wants to be.In a moving 1925 letter to his parents，who refused to read “In Our Time”，his second story collection，he writes: “You see I'm trying in all my stories to get the feeling of the actual life across—not just to describe life—or criticize it—but to actually make it alive.So that when you have read something by me you actually experience the thing.You can't do this without putting in the bad and the ugly as well as what is beautiful.”By the time the Second World War broke out，Hemingway had solidified into the iconic figure we now remember: Papa.Even J．D.Salinger calls him this.And a blustery，cranky Hemingway appears in 1949 when aboard the Pilar he grabs an old fishing diary and begins scrawling an angry letter to Harold Ross，the editor of The Ne w Yorker，complaining about Alfred Kazin's review of “Across the River and Into the Trees”，not，in truth，a very good book.But，Hemingway，often drinking and depressed，didn't know it，his best work was behind him by then.欧内斯特·海明威是20世纪文坛中一位举足轻重的人物.本文介绍了于周五在摩根图书馆与博物馆开展的关于海明威及其作品的第一次大型博物馆展览.展览中最重头也最有趣的部分集中在20世纪20年代，海明威的巴黎岁月，它展示出一位我们有可能会忘记的作家——成为著名作家之前的海明威.1．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined words“ a pack rat” (Para.1)?A．a person who doesn't waste anythingB．a person who cannot be relied onC．a person who likes to collect rubbishD．a person who enjoys collecting thingsD[词义猜测题.根据第一段第二句可知，海明威是个收集狂.故选项D正确.a pack rat意为“收集狂，什么东西都不肯扔的人”.]2．How many of Hemingway's works are mentioned in this passage?A．4B．5C．6 D．7C[细节理解题.文中一共提到了六本海明威的作品，它们是《老人与海》、《士兵之家》、《太阳照常升起》、《永别了，武器》、《在我们的时代里》和《过河入林》.故选项C符合题意.]3．We can conclude from the Morgan show that sometimes Hemingway was a person ________．A．unconfident but full of inspirationsB．stubborn but full of enthusiasm about loveC．casual but full of heroismD．bad－tempered but full of strange habitsA[推理判断题.根据第四段末句和第六段首句可知，海明威是个不自信但又充满灵感的人.故选项A符合题意.]4．What does the writer truly mean by saying “Hemingway before he became Hemingway”？A．Hemingway wrote many masterpieces before he killed himself.B．Hemingway was once a war correspondent before he became a famous writer.C．Hemingway devoted all his strengths to writing before he won the NobelPrize.D．Hemingway kept exploring the world and adjusting himself before he became a commanding figure in literature.D[推理判断题.根据第二段第二句和第七段首句可知，摩根展中最重头也最有趣的部分集中在20世纪20年代，海明威的巴黎岁月，当时的海明威还不是一位著名的作家，那时他不断地重新塑造自己.所以，划线部分句子的意思是，海明威在成为20世纪文坛中一位举足轻重的人物之前不断地在探索和自我调整.故选项D符合题意.]5．According to the Morgan show，readers are likely to see ________ in Hemingway's works.①tough men who can't be defeated②anti－war fighters③the dark side of the world as well as its beauty④love affairs between a man and a woman⑤the story of a family businessA．①③B．②④C．①⑤D．③⑤A[推理判断题.根据第三段第二句和第七段可知，《老人与海》中老渔夫的原型渔夫卡洛斯·古铁雷兹是不可战胜的硬汉.在第二本短篇小说集《在我们的时代里》中，海明威对父母说：“要体验到那些事物，就得把坏的、丑的和美好的东西都放进去.”以上就是读者从摩根展中看到的海明威作品里的东西.故选项A 符合题意.]【导学号：57732024】B(2016·山西省八校第一次联考)Seven－year－old artist Kieron Williamson has sold his 16 watercolours for ￡17，000 in just 14 minutes，setting the world record for the youngest successful painter.His latest paintings of landscapes(风景)，seascapes and churches were supposed to be on display for a month at the Picturecraft Gallery in Holt.They went on sale at 9am but were bought by 9：14 am，some by telephone from abroad.Kieron is red_hot．People are saying that he could become an all－time great artist.They want his paintings as investments(投资) because they think the price will go up.The last child artist was Picasso.And Kieron is getting better and better.The pace at which he learns is quite amazing.He has a very mature mind and has mastered certain techniques at an early stage which some artists would take years to perfect.His work has been very unusual and impressive.His use of tone，colour and light is wonderful.The way he gets his paintings to do the talking is extremely good.He just paints when he wants.He still likes playing football and playing computer games like any other seven－year－olds.Inspired to start painting on a family holiday in Devon and Cornwall，Kieron was just six when he asked his parents for paper to draw a boat and swiftly developed a mature and confident talent for seascapes and countryside scenes that has been described as c lose to the “young Picasso”．The talented boy described his show's sellout success as“brilliant”．“Painting is my favourite hobby but I like football as well，”said Kieron，who is so absorbed in painting that he is always drawing from getting up to going to school.本文介绍了著名画家Kieron Williamson和他的水彩画.6．Kieron Williamson set the world record for the youngest painter by ________．A．selling his 16 watercolours for ￡17，000 in 14 minutesB．drawing as many as 16 watercolours in 14 minutesC．painting landscapes as a child of sevenD．earning the most money for 16 watercoloursA[细节理解题.根据第一段可知，七岁画家Kieron Williamson仅仅在14分钟内就以17 000英镑的价格卖掉了他的16幅水彩画，创造了世界纪录.] 7．The underlined words “red hot” here probably mean“________”．A．in bright colour and high temperatureB．in high feverC．very popularD．very smartC[词义猜测题.根据第三段可知，人们说他可能会成为一位伟大的画家，他们认为他的画会增值，因此他们都想要收藏他的画作为投资.由此说明Kieron 很受欢迎.]8．What is Kieron's work like according to the text?A．Strange. B．Outstanding.C．Ordinary. D．Common.B[推理判断题.根据第四段的第五句和第六句可知，他的作品与众不同，给人以深刻的印象，他对色调、颜色和光线的使用都是绝妙的.由此可知他的画非常出色.]9．From the text we know that Kieron learned to paint ________．A．by himself B．from his parentsC．by copying Picasso D．from his teacherA[推理判断题.Kieron在Devon和Cornwall度假时开始绘画，当时他六岁，向父母要纸画船，很快培养了成熟自信的画海景和乡村景色的才能，被认为近似年轻的毕加索.全文没提到他的老师，所以推断他是自学绘画的.]。

类型1| 广告宣传考查要点方法技巧1.广告宣传的目的。

2．广告中提及的时间、地点、人物。

3．所介绍的事物、产品的特征。

4．所宣传的活动、项目的内容及其作用。

1.浏览标题，了解大意。

2．找准关键词、关键句，把握住细节。

3．通过分析、对比，筛选出可用信息。

(2016·江苏高考·A )－Learning ：An Alternative Learning OpportunityDay School ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board (TDSB) are invited to take one or two e －Learning courses on their day school timetable.Students will remain on the roll at their day school.The on －line classroom provides an innovative ，relevant and interactive learning environment.The courses and on －line classroom are provided by the Ministry of Education.These on －line courses ：　are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers ；　are part of the TDSB student's timetable ；and ，　appear on the student's report upon completion.Benefits of e －LearningInclude ：　access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school；　using technology to provide students with current information；and，　assistance to solve timetable conflicts.Is e－Learning for You?Students who are successful in an on－line course are usually：　able to plan，organize time and complete assignments and activities；　capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner；and，　able to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet access.Students need to spend at least as much time with their on－line course work as they would in a face－to－face classroom course.56．E－Learning courses are different from other TDSB courses in that________．A．they are given by best TDSB teachersB．they are not on the day school timetableC．they are not included on students' reportsD．they are an addition to TDSB courses57．What do students need to do before completing e－Learning courses?A．To learn information technology on－line.B．To do their assignments independently.C．To update their mobile devices regularly.D．To talk face to face with their teachers.语篇解读：本文是一则广告。

专题一单项填空注：由于个别题目涉及两个考点，故2016、2015均出现15个小题，16个考点的现象。

[题型攻略]单项填空往往只是由一、两句话构成的一个微情景，都是在真实的情景中考查对词汇、语法的掌握情况以及对语句、语境的理解。

每一个单项填空题都是一个小小的语言世界，五脏俱全，各种语法穿插其中，真可谓是“步步有陷阱”。

然而做单项填空题还是有章可循，有法可依的。

攻略1句式结构分析法分析句式结构，明确句子成分，特别是选项在句子中所充当的成分，对于选择正确答案是很有必要的。

在分析过程中，要特别留意标点符号、连词等，从而判断出这是一个简单句、并列句，还是复合句。

这类题型的选项大致分为两类：1.连词和代词的混合选项；2.纯连词。

如果是复合句，要严格按照以下两个思路答题：(1)分析何种从句；(2)分析引导词作何种成分。

[典例1](2016·浙江高考，11)Scientists have advanced many theories about whyhuman beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.A．whom B．whichC．what D．thatB[如果学生把先行词误认为scientists，容易错选A项。

分析句子结构可知，逗号后是“代词＋of＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句。

先行词是many theories，指物，故关系代词只能用which。

][典例2]He wrote five novels，two of________translated into English.A．it B．themC．which D．thatB[此题很容易掉进陷阱误选C项，学生误以为后面是非限制性定语从句。

事实上translated是过去分词，而不是谓语动词，后面不是句子，不能用连词，所以正确答案是B项them。

若在translated前加上were，were translated就成了谓语动词，这时才可以选连词which。

题型组合练(一)Ⅰ.单项填空1．(2016·南京学情调研)Some of our history were glorious，others best left in our historical records，never________．A．to repeat B．to be repeatedC．being repeated D．having been repeatedB[考查非谓语动词。

句意：我们的一些历史是辉煌的，其他的最好留在我们的历史记录中，永远不要重蹈覆辙。

分析句子成分可知，逗号不是连词，故空格处应为非谓语动词。

others即other history，与动词repeat之间为被动关系。

结合语境和句意可知，历史重蹈覆辙为有可能发生在将来的事情，而动词不定式to do表将来，故to be repeated符合题意。

]【导学号：57732069】2．All the students of Grade 3 are studying hard in order to gain admission to________they believe is an ideal university.A．that B．whichC．it D．whatD[句意：三年级的学生为了被他们认为的理想的大学录取而正在努力学习。

what引导宾语从句并在从句中作believe的宾语。

故选D。

]3．We first met in the Slender West Lake in 2010，and both of us felt immediately that we________each other for years.A．knew B．knowC．have known D．had knownD[句意：我们第一次见面是在2010年瘦西湖，当时我们立刻感觉到我们好像已经认识了很多年。

由于feel用了一般过去时，可排除B、C两项；另外根据句意，我们感觉好像在第一次见面之前就已经认识了很多年，因此know发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故选D项。

专题一单项填空考点的现象.[题型攻略]单项填空往往只是由一、两句话构成的一个微情景，都是在真实的情景中考查对词汇、语法的掌握情况以及对语句、语境的理解.每一个单项填空题都是一个小小的语言世界，五脏俱全，各种语法穿插其中，真可谓是“步步有陷阱”.然而做单项填空题还是有章可循，有法可依的.攻略1句式结构分析法分析句式结构，明确句子成分，特别是选项在句子中所充当的成分，对于选择正确答案是很有必要的.在分析过程中，要特别留意标点符号、连词等，从而判断出这是一个简单句、并列句，还是复合句.这类题型的选项大致分为两类：1.连词和代词的混合选项；2.纯连词.如果是复合句，要严格按照以下两个思路答题：(1)分析何种从句；(2)分析引导词作何种成分.[典例1](2016·浙江高考，11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.A．whom B．whichC．what D．thatB[如果学生把先行词误认为scientists，容易错选A项.分析句子结构可知，逗号后是“代词＋of＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句.先行词是many theories，指物，故关系代词只能用which.][典例2]He wrote five novels，two of________translated into English.A．it B．themC．which D．thatB[此题很容易掉进陷阱误选C项，学生误以为后面是非限制性定语从句.事实上translated是过去分词，而不是谓语动词，后面不是句子，不能用连词，所以正确答案是B项them.若在translated前加上were，were translated就成了谓语动词，这时才可以选连词which.]攻略2整体理解句意法语境即一定的语言环境.近几年的高考题往往自然巧妙地设置一定的语言情境或者故意隐蔽一些有效的信息，以考查考生在特定的语言环境中准确运用语言的能力.这种解题方法适用于情景题和交际题，考生解题时必须依据题干具体情景或交际对话场合、内容来确定符合情景、场合的最佳答案.所以在做题时，一定要通读全句，理解整句话要表达的意思，切忌在没有弄懂句意的情况下，根据只言片语，以偏概全，盲目做题.[典例1](2016·天津高考，1)—It was a wonderful trip.So，which city did you like better，Paris or Rome?—________．There were good things and bad things about them.A．It's hard to say B．I didn't get itC．You must be kidding D．Couldn't be betterA[空后的句子意思为“它们各有优缺点.”A项It's hard to say意为“很难说”，符合语境.I didn't get it.我不明白.You must be kidding.你一定是在开玩笑.Couldn't be better.再好不过了.][典例2]The number of students admitted annually to this school________from more than 1，000 in the year 2000 to some 2，000 last year.A．increases B．has increasedC．is increasing D．increasedB[题干中的last year并非时间状语，而是定语，修饰some 2，000，所以不要误选D项.其实这句话要表达的意思是“这个学校每年录取的学生数已由2000年的1 000人增加到了去年的2 000人.”强调的是对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时.]攻略3句式结构还原法结构还原是指以下几种情况：1．将省略句还原为完整句[典例](2015·湖南高考，35)That's why I help brighten people's days.If you ______，who's to say that another person will?A．didn't B．don'tC．weren't D．haven'tB[考查时态.句意：那就是为什么我要帮助人们，使他们天天心情愉快.如果你不那样做的话，谁能说另一个人会那样做呢？本句中if引导的是条件状语从句，从句中需用一般现在时代替一般将来时.]2．将疑问句还原为陈述句[典例]Is this school________you visited last month?A．one B．the oneC．that D．whatB[这是一个一般疑问句，如果不用还原法学生会误把this school分析成定语从句的先行词，从而掉进C项that这个陷阱.如果把句子还原成陈述语序：This school is ________ you visited last month.，学生就可以看出这个定语从句缺少先行词the one和引导词that/which.the one特指this school；that/which在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略.]3．将倒装句还原为正常语序[典例]So much of interest ________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.A．offers Beijing B．Beijing offersC．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offerC[如果将主句还原为正常语序Beijing offers so much of interest that...后，就可知题干是so...引导的倒装句.]4．将被动语态还原为主动语态[典例]Time should be made good use of ______our lessons well.A．learning B．learnedC．to learn D．learnsC[如果将该题还原为主动句We should make good use of time ________ our lessons well.，可以发现介词of有其相应的宾语，故其后不能再用动名词learning 作宾语，应选不定式to learn作目的状语.]攻略4寻找标志词法标志词就是“题眼”.抓住了题眼，就能准确判断命题者的意图，缩小思考范围，迅速发现解题突破口，从而准确作答.[典例1](2015·北京高考，22)—Did you enjoy the party?—Yes.We________ well by our hosts.A．were treated B．would be treatedC．treated D．had treatedA[考查时态和语态.句意：“你喜欢这个聚会吗？”“是的.我们受到了主人很好的招待.”根据问句Did you enjoy the party？可知时态为一般过去时，故排除B、D两项；由We与treat之间为被动关系可知，此处用被动语态，所以答案为A.][典例2](2015·福建高考，29)—I wonder ______ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.A．where B．howC．why D．ifB[考查宾语从句引导词的选择.句意：——我想知道Mary这些年到底是________保持体形的.——通过每天锻炼.宾语从句中缺状语，由答语By working out every day.可知，宾语从句是问Mary保持体形的方式，所以应用how引导宾语从句.故答案为B项.]攻略5突破思维定势法高考命题人常以学生非常熟悉的句型结构、固定搭配或者母语为“诱饵”给学生制造假象，学生因为思维定式的影响，而忽略了题中已经变化的条件或情境，轻而易举地选出“正确答案”，结果掉进了陷阱.学生在做这类试题时，要仔细分析句子结构或者句意，以免掉入命题者设计的陷阱.[典例] 1.________is well known that he is good at maths in our class.2．________is well known，he is good at maths in our class.3．________is well known is that he is good at maths in our class.A．What B．ThisC．It D．As1．C 2.D 3.A[这三句话表达的是同一个意思.第一个句子中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句；第二个句子是由as引导的非限制性定语从句；第三个句子是一个“主系表”结构的句子，what在此引导一个主语从句，且在从句中作主语.]攻略6标点符号分析法标点符号在单项填空题中看似微不足道，但其作用不可忽视，它可以使语言更加准确.特别是在定语从句或者非谓语动词作状语的句型中，利用标点符号分析法可以迅速找到解题的突破口，从而很容易地得出正确答案.[典例](2015·福建高考，34)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.A．who B．whomC．that D．whichD[本题考查定语从句引导词的选择.句意：《今日中国》吸引了世界范围的读者群，这显示全世界越来越多的人想了解中国.根据空格前的逗号可知，空格所在句为非限制性定语从句，所以排除C项that；从句中缺主语，指代前面“《今日中国》吸引了世界范围的读者群”这件事，故应用which来引导定语从句.]第一讲时态和语态1．(2016·江苏高考，22)More efforts，as reported，________in the years aheadto accelerate the supply－side structural reform.A．are made B．will be madeC．are being made D．have been madeB[考查时态和被动语态.句意：据报道，为加快供给侧结构性改革，今后几年将会付出更多的努力.由in the years ahead“今后几年”(一般将来时)和more efforts与make之间是被动关系(被动语态)可知用一般将来时的被动语态(B.will be made).]【导学号：57732000】2．(2016·江苏高考，29)Dashan，who ________ crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand－up tradition.A．will be learning B．is learningC．had been learning D．has been learningD[考查时态.句意：大山学习相声——中国的传统喜剧形式——数十年了，他想把中国相声与西方的单口相声融合起来.由for decades可知who引导的非限制性定语从句要用完成时，再由主句谓语动词wants可知应用现在完成进行时(has been learning).故选D项.]3．(2015·江苏高考，30)The real reason why prices ________，and still are, too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.A．were B．will beC．have been D．had beenA[考查时态.句意：物价过去很高，现在依然居高不下，其真正原因是复杂的，不是两三句话能圆满解释的.根据空格后面的and still are(而且现在仍然是)判断，前面是指物价过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故选A项.]4．(2014·江苏高考，23)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?—Well，the media ________ it in a variety of forms.A．cover B．will coverC．have covered D．coveredC[考查动词时态.句意：“你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少？”“嗯，媒体已经以各种各样的形式对它进行了报道.”问话人询问对方了解多少关于青奥会的事情，说明关于青奥会的很多信息已经被对方知道了.而回答者并没有正面回答，而是说媒体已经报道过很多了，意思是外界都知道青奥会的信息，他就不用回答具体信息了.这里应该用现在完成时，表示到目前为止媒体已经报道了很多.故选择C项.本题易错选B项(will cover)，根据常识可知，如果媒体还没报道的话，一般人不会知道媒体将会以各种形式对青奥会进行报道.] 5．(2016·北京高考，23)—Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?—The new Star Wars.We ________ here for more than two hours.A．waited B．waitC．would be waiting D．have been waitingD[考查时态.句意：“打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？”“新版的《星球大战》.我们在这儿等了两个多小时了.”结合句意可知，此处表示一直在等待着，并且还有可能继续等下去，故用现在完成进行时(D.have been waiting).] 6．(2016·北京高考，25)I ________ half of the English novel，and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.A．read B．have readC．am reading D．will readB[考查时态.句意：这本英文小说我读(have read)一半了，周末会尽量把它读完.由后面的I'll try to finish it at the weekend可知，我“已经”读了一半，故用现在完成时.]7．(2016·北京高考，30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.A．rewarded B．were rewardedC．will reward D．will be rewardedD[考查时态和语态.句意：学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的.由前面的现在完成进行时可排除A、B两项；再由their efforts与reward之间是被动关系可排除C项，D项是一般将来时的被动语态，正确.be rewarded with...“得到……回报”，可视为固定短语.]8．(2016·天津高考，3)When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I ________for years.A．didn't see B．haven't seenC．hadn't seen D．wouldn't seeC[考查时态.句意：沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了戴维，我们已有好几年没见了.“没见”表示的动作发生在came across之前，且for years是完成时的标志，所以应选表示过去完成时的hadn't seen.]9．(2016·浙江高考，9)Silk ________ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.A．had become B．was becomingC．has become D．is becomingA[考查时态.句意：到约公元前100年时，丝绸就已成为丝绸之路沿线交易的主要货物之一.by表示“到某一时间为止”，是过去完成时的标志，故选A.] 10．(2015·安徽高考，29)It is reported that a space station________on the moon in years to come.A．will be building B．will be builtC．has been building D．has been builtB[考查时态与语态.句意：据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成.a space station与build之间是被动关系，因此要用被动语态；“未来的几年内”是将来的时间，因此用一般将来时的被动语态.]一、常考的各种时态1．一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作，通常用usually，often，always，sometimes，every day，once a week等作时间状语.I usually have my hair cut once a month.The students often do their experiments in the lab.(2)表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在.The earth moves around the sun.A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.(3)表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作.The train leaves at 2：35 this afternoon.(4)主句是一般将来时的时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替将来时.You will succeed if you try your best.Even if it rains tomorrow，the football match will take place.2．现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态.Our friends are waiting for us outside now.(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情.She is learning English at college.(3)某些短暂性动词，如come，go，start，open，close，arrive，return，begin，leave等用于进行时，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作.My father is coming to see me this Saturday.He is leaving for Beijing next week.(4)某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化.I'm forgetting English.She is losing her eyesight.3．现在完成时(1)表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，常用recently，lately，ever，never，once，before，yet，just等作时间状语.He hasn't heard any news from his son lately.Have you ever been to London?(2)表示开始于过去某一时刻，一直持续到现在而且还有可能继续下去的动作.常用so far，up till now，since，for a long time，in the past/last few years，these days等作时间状语.So far no life has been found outside the earth.He has learned 5，000 English words since he went to college.(3)“This/It is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that...”句式中，that后的从句用现在完成时.This is the second time that I have visited the university.4．现在完成进行时(1)表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在而且会继续进行下去的动作.I am very tired.I have been painting the house all the afternoon.(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作.I have been calling him several times this morning，but there is no answer.5．一般过去时(1)表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语.It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday.He came to work here two weeks ago.(2)在时间、条件从句中代替过去将来时.He said he would not go if it rained.(3)有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时.常见的此类动词有know，think，expect 等，表示“本来认为”.I didn't expect to meet you here.I thought he had heard the news.6．过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”.By the end of last term，we had learned 2，000 words.He had left before I got home.(2)hope，expect，think，intend，want，suppose等用于过去完成时，表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本……”.We had expected that you would be able to win the match.(3)“It/This/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that...”句式中，that后的从句用过去完成时.It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.(4)“hardly/scarcely...when...”和“no sooner...than...”结构中，主句用过去完成时.Hardly had the game started when it started to rain.7．过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情.She was writing a book about China last year，but I don't know whether she hasfinished it.(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行.It was raining as the medical team made its way to the front.He was watching TV in the living room when someone knocked at the door.(3)短暂性动词come，go，leave，arrive，begin等用于过去进行时，表示按计划、安排在过去某个时间将要发生的动作.8．一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.(1)“shall/will＋动词原形”表示将来，往往指客观上势必要发生的事情或没有计划、临时做出的打算.shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称.When will you be able to give us a reply?We shall have a lot of rain next month.—Where is the telephone book?—I'll go and get it for you.(2)be going to do表示将来，一般指按计划、打算要做某事或有迹象要出现的情况.I am going to buy a computer this summer.It is going to be fine tomorrow.(3)be to do表示将来，一般指按计划或安排要做某事或按职责、义务和要求必须去做某事.She is to get married next week.I am to buy some books this afternoon.(4)be about to do表示将来，多指不久或即将要发生的动作，不强调主观，不能与表示具体时间的状语连用.The train is about to leave.9．过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某个时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态.这种时态通常有个过去时间或动作作参照.He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.She was about to open the door when the telephone rang.Every morning he would climb to the top of the hill in those days.10．将来进行时将来进行时由will/shall be doing构成，表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作.Please don't come at ten tomorrow morning.I will be having a meeting.What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?二、被动语态1．被动语态有两种表现形式：be＋过去分词和get＋过去分词.get型被动语态一般指动作的结果而非动作本身.Finally he got elected.2．使用被动语态的情况(1)不知道或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时.The young man was injured in the car accident.(2)需要强调动作的承受者时.Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away.(3)为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方时.Everybody is expected to obey the following rules.(4)动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时.The windows were broken by strong wind.(5)有些习惯用法只以或常以被动语态形式出现.I am determined to take medicine.3．注意主动形式表示被动意义的情况(1)表示主语的某种属性特征的词，如clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，常用其主动形式表示被动意义，且主语通常是物.This pen writes smoothly.(2)在need，want，require，bear等词的后面常跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式.The house needs repairing/to be repaired.1．(2016·南京市模拟)—How is your sister?—She________quite good after the operation，but she is taking a turn for the worse today.A．felt B．feelsC．had felt D．has been feelingA[考查动词时态.句意：——你妹妹怎么样了？——手术后她感到不错，但今天她感觉比较糟.手术后感到不错，是过去的事情，故用一般过去时.] 2．(2016·徐州调研测试)We have been trying to train the young people who were hired last month，but they________their best to learn.A．were not doing B．didn't doC．are not doing D．hadn't doneC[考查时态.句意：我们一直在尽力培训上个月聘请的年轻人，但是他们不尽力学习.根据题干的but判断是这些年轻人现在不尽力学习，应用现在进行时.故选C.]3．(2016·南通、扬州、淮安、泰州四市三次调研)Don't worry.When he kept silent，Mr. White ________ his approval for our plan.A．would show B．is showingC．was showing D．has shownC[考查时态.句意：不要担心.当他保持沉默时，表示怀特先生正支持我们的计划.根据从句的时态是过去时以及和主从句之间的关系可知，主句应该是表示“表示他支持”是正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时.故选C.]4．(2016·南通、扬州、连云港二次调研)—What's the result of the basketball match?—You see，the rain________it and the second half is put off till next PE class.A．ruined B．is ruiningC．will ruin D．had ruinedA[考查动词时态.句意：——篮球比赛的结果是什么？——你知道，大雨毁掉了比赛，下半场推迟到下一节体育课.根据语境，体育比赛是发生在过去，大雨毁掉比赛也应该发生在过去，表示发生在过去的某个时间点或时间段的动作或状态，用一般过去时.故选A.]5．(2016·苏、锡、常、镇四市调研一)—Hi，Peter.Why didn't you go to the cinemalast night?—I________ the popular show Dad，w here are w e going？with my family.A．was watching B．have watchedC．would watch D．had watchedA[考查时态.句意：——你好，皮特.为什么你昨晚没去电影院？——我和我的家人一直在看热播剧《爸爸去哪儿？》.表示过去的一个时间段一直正在进行的动作或状态用过去进行时.故判断选A.]6．(2016·南通市二模)—Have you brought the photo of your family?—Yes，I________it the whole morning.A．would look for B．looked forC．have been looking for D．had looked forB[考查时态和语态.句意：——你带来你的家庭照了吗？——是的，我找了一个早上.分析句子可知，已经带来了家庭照.故一个早上寻找家庭照只是过去的事情，故用一般过去时.故选B项.根据时间状语the whole morning，本题容易误选C项.]【导学号：57732001】7．(2016·江苏冲刺卷一)—Can we meet tomorrow?—Yes, but not in the morning. I________a meeting.A．would attend B．have attendedC．will be attending D．am going to attendC[句意：——明天我们能见面吗？——是的.但不是早晨.我明天上午正在开会.表示在将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作，用将来进行时，因此选C.] 8．(2016·南京、盐城二模)Mr.Smith let off upon me the speech he________to make all along.A．had died B．diedC．was dying D．had been dyingD[考查时态.句意：史密斯先生向我不断练习一个他一直就渴望做的演讲.let off本意是“开枪”，这里引申为“不断练习”，根据all along可知用进行时，die to这个动作是发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成进行时.故选D.]9．—We thought he would have got the job.—What a pity！He________too nervous when interviewed.A．was B．had beenC．has been D．would have beenA[句意：——我们以为他会得到这份工作.——真遗憾！他面试的时候太紧张了.语境叙述的是过去的事，因此用一般过去时叙述过去的状态.故选A.] 10．(2016·盐城市三模)What little money he did have ________ on a record selected with extreme care which became，to his way of thinking，a possession close to his heart.A．spent B．been spentC．was spent D．to spendC[考查时态.句意：他的确将仅有的很少的钱花在精心挑选的录像带上了，按他的思维模式，这录像带就是他心爱的东西.What引导主语从句，是主句谓语动词spend的动作承受者，故选C.]11．(2016·宿迁市三校质检)—Will you come over to Beijing next summer?—I'd like to，but my family ________ London that summer.A．are visiting B．are to visitC．will be visiting D．will visitC[考查时态.句意：——明年夏天你来北京吗？——我愿意去，但是我的家人那个夏日将正在游览伦敦.根据题干中的next summer可知，此外表示将来某个时间点或者时间段正在进行的动作，故用将来进行时.故选C.]12．(2016·江苏冲刺卷三)—Have you got the admission notice from New York University?—Not yet.I________forward to it.A．looked B．have been lookingC．had looked D．will lookB[考查时态与语态.句意：——你收到纽约大学的录取通知书了吗？——还没有.我一直在期待着.表示动作从过去发生并持续到现在仍在进行的动作用现在完成进行时.故选B.]13．(2016·江苏冲刺卷三)—Can you give me some advice on what I said justnow?—Sorry，my mind________．A．has wandered B．had wanderedC．is wandering D．was wanderingD[考查时态.句意：——你能就刚才我说的话提出的一些建议吗？——对不起，我刚才心不在焉.根据题干是在对方说话的时候没有注意听，表示过去某个时间点或时间段进行的动作或状态用过去进行时.故选D.]14．(2016·淮安、宿迁、连云港、徐州四市调研)Global oil prices________since June as demand weakens in China and Europe while output in the United States grows steadily.A．fell B．had fallenC．were falling D．have been fallingD[考查时态.句意：自从六月全球油价一直下降，因为在中国和欧洲需求量减弱，而美国的输出量稳定上升.由since June可知，最近一段时间，油价反复下降，有可能持续下去，故应用现在完成进行时.]15．(2016·苏州模拟)China________a sharp increase in the number of aged people over the past decade.A．had seen B．sawC．will see D．has seenD[句意：最近十年中国老龄人口数量急剧上升.根据时间状语over the past decade可知应用现在完成时，故选D项.]。

江苏专版2019高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题1单项填空第1讲时态语态讲练1．C 2.D 3.A[这三句话表达的是同一个意思。

第一个句子中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句；第二个句子是由as引导的非限制性定语从句；第三个句子是一个“主系表”结构的句子，what在此引导一个主语从句，且在从句中作主语。

]攻略6 标点符号分析法标点符号在单项填空题中看似微不足道，但其作用不可忽视，它可以使语言更加准确。

特别是在定语从句或者非谓语动词作状语的句型中，利用标点符号分析法可以迅速找到解题的突破口，从而很容易地得出正确答案。

[典例](2015·福建高考，34)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.A．who B．whomC．that D．whichD[本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。

句意：《今日中国》吸引了世界范围的读者群，这显示全世界越来越多的人想了解中国。

根据空格前的逗号可知，空格所在句为非限制性定语从句，所以排除C项that；从句中缺主语，指代前面“《今日中国》吸引了世界范围的读者群”这件事，故应用which来引导定语从句。

]第一讲时态和语态1．(2016·江苏高考，22)More efforts，as reported，________in the years ahead to accelerate the supply－side structural reform.A．are made B．will be madeC．are being made D．have been madeB[考查时态和被动语态。

句意：据报道，为加快供给侧结构性改革，今后几年将会付出更多的努力。

专题四任务型阅读三类考查形式的解题技巧考查形式1原文词汇1．命题特点：此类题考查学生捕捉文中信息的能力。

常占总题量的50%～60%，难度不大，关键是信息的定位与筛选。

2．解题技巧(1)有些原文词汇难度不大，学生只需要结合题目所在句子在原文中找到句意相同的句子即可。

此时题目所在的句子和原文句子同样比较简短。

[典例1](2016·江苏高考)It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the 75.________ of the matter.【解析】本题对应第三段中的which helps me dig into the core andunderstand its meaning，指找出问题的“核心/关键”，故填heart/core。

[典例2](2015·江苏高考)Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and 79.______ themselves to the reality.【解析】本题对应倒数第二段中的he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work，且空前的and 连接两个并列成分，前后形式应一致，因此这里用动词原形adapt。

(2)有少数原文词汇题比较复杂，常表现在题目所在句简短而原文所在句很长，或原文和题目所在句均很长。

在这两种情况下，由于题目所在句是对原文所在句进行了句型转换，意思一样，但原文词汇显得更加隐蔽，基础差的同学往往发现不了。

此时，学生要认真比对信息，通过筛选和甄别，最终锁定原文词汇。

[典例](2012·江苏高考)Such a management style may result in greater 72.______ and less productivity in the assistants.【解析】该句是根据第一段最后一句“In doing so，managers lift everyone's anxiety level，which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex(大脑皮层)，which is responsible for effective problem solving.”改写而来。

技法4| 利用词汇复现解题(对应学生用书第38页)词汇的复现关系指的是某一个词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其它形式重复出现在语篇中。

1．原词复现：指的是一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的词形反复出现，有时兼有词性变化。

[典例](2015·江苏高考卷) I'm an ambitious ________，and when I started going through chemo(化疗)，even though I'm a very positive person，I lost my drive to write.A．reader　B．writer C．editor D．doctorB　[句意：我是一个雄心勃勃的作家，当我开始化疗的时候，虽然我是一个很积极乐观的人，但是我失去了写作的动力。

][点拨]　根据后面的“I lost my drive to write.”可知，作者是一个作家(writer)。

write和writer属于原词复现。

2．同义词、近义词的复现：同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。

[典例1](2017·江苏高考卷) In his first years of high school，Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students，struggling across the campus with their heavy instrument cases，________at school for practice hours before anyone else had to be there.A.rising up B．coming up C．driving up D．turning upD　[在他上高中的第一年，加布里埃尔总是同情地看着学音乐的学生，拖着沉重的乐器盒子，艰难地在校园里走，在别人还都没到的时候，来到学校，练习几个小时。

模式3| 推理判断题(2014·江苏高考·B节选)However wealthy we may be，we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want.Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost，which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.Every hour of our time has a value.For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another，or be sleeping or watching a film.Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely，w hat they cost us in missed opportunities.Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium.Why not，you might reason，watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner withfriends？This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.For economists，every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up.By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on，you ought to be able to make better－informed，more reasonable decisions.Consider that most famous economic rule of all：there's no such thing as a free lunch.Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free，the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.60．What are forgone opportunities?A．Opportunities you forget in decisionmaking.B．Opportunities you give up for better ones.C．Opportunities you miss accidentally.D．Opportunities you make up for.60.B[推理判断题。