2018版高考英语一轮复习 第2部分 专题13 构词法即学巩固

附录一构词法
在浙江高考的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。

此外，新考纲要求考生掌握3 000多个英语单词。

因此，掌握常用的构词方法不仅能帮助学生做好语法填空题，还能帮助学生扩大词汇量，为学生在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。

英语中的构词法有三种：合成、转化和派生。

一、合成
合成词就是由两个或更多的词合成的词，有的用连字符“-”连接，有的直接写在一起，有的分开写。

常见的合成词有以下几种：
1．合成名词
well­being健康，by­product副产品，good­for­nothing无用之人，go­between 中间人，commander­in­chief总司令
2．合成形容词
anywhere在任何地方；nowhere任何地方都不；somewhere在某处；everywhere 到处；upstairs在楼上；indoors在室内；however无论如何；whenever无论何时；somehow不知怎么地；anyhow不管怎样；anyway不管怎样；anytime在任何时候；sometimes有时；nowadays现今；otherwise否则
二、转化
把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化。

派生法即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。

1．常见的前缀(前缀通常只改变词义，不改变词性)
同时会改变词义。

)。

高三英语大一轮复习讲义语法知识专题十二构词法新人教版一、合成法合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词的构词法。

有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词，还有的在词与词之间用连字符“­”或空格隔开构成一个新单词，把这个词通常叫做复合词。

二、转化法转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。

这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。

三、派生法派生法是英语主要的构词法。

此方法是借助于前缀或后缀，制造出派生词，主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。

1．前缀构词法前缀是加在一个词根前面的音节，它并不是独立的单词，但本身有一定的含义，它不改变词性，但改变原词义。

2．后缀构词法后缀是加在一个单词后面的音节，它本身一般也有一定含义，能够改变单词的词性，有的也可以改变词义。

备注：以上三种构词法的具体例子见《记忆有道》中的构词法记忆部分。

用所给词的适当形式填空1．Her preparation course is helping her to get used to academic(academy) requirements of a Western university.2.A fireman accidentally(accident) discovered the cause of the fire.3．It cost approximately(approximate) 300—I can’t remember it exactly.4.Beggars(beg) ca n’t be choosers.5．Other disabled people find the website beneficial(benefit) because they can read about people with similar difficulties to their own.6.She glanced casually(casual) through a magazine as she waited.7.He quit playing competitive(compete) football at the age of 24.8．The café has a relaxed continental(continent) feel about it.9．The man standing there is a distinguished(distinguish) novelist and philosopher. 10．It is a dramatic(drama) story about an invasion of the Earth by aliens from Mars. 11．The teachers are very enthusiastic(enthusiasm) and friendly and the classrooms are amazing.12.Building a new factory there would be environmentally(environment) disastrous.13.Yesterday we held a ceremony to welcome the honorable(honor) soldiers who just came back from Wenchuan.14．Tourists shouldn’t miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most impressive(impress) routes.15．You should loosen(loose) up your muscles before playing any sport.。

语鹅市安置阳光实验学校专题十三构词法（词类转换）题组一体验真题根据语境，用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ________(slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.2.(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)As________(nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.3.(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it ________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people...4.(2015·广东卷)________ (lucky)，he also had a cow which looked almost abandoned.5.(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The river was so polluted that it ________ (actual) caught fire and burned.6.(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)While there are ________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation，...7.(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers ________ (sudden) became friendly to one another.8.(2014·辽宁卷)I can't control my body well.My legs become ________ (pain).9.(2013·广东卷)That would be a very ________ (reason) thing to do ina big city.10.(2013·广东卷)But such a small thing couldn't ________(possible)destroy a village.11.(2012·广东卷)For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt ________(please)，because there were many empty seats in the room.But she quickly realized that it wasn't her...12.(2011·广东卷)He must be ________ (mental) disabled.13.(2010·广东卷)His teacher took a deep drink，smiled ________ (warm)and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.14.(2009·广东卷)But Jane knew from past experience that her ________(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.15.(2008·广东卷)This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their________ (nature) course.答案 1.slowly 2.natural 3.regularly 4.Luckily 5.actually6.amazing7.suddenly8.painful9.reasonable 10.possibly11.pleased 12.mentally 13.warmly 14.choice 15.natural题组二尝试模拟Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2015·佛山一模)After they ________ (continue) improved it uponearlier designs，the brothers successfully received a patent (专利) in 1906.2.(2015·广西调研)These poems were well received ________ (local) and in 1786 they were published into the volume，Poems，Chiefly...3.(2015·济南一模)I couldn't imagine what it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the ________ (power) effect the hurricane had on those people.4.(2015·东营三模)Delighted，the country mouse accepted the ________ (invite) and came to the city mouse's house.5.(2015·长春三模)Even if I eat nothing but beans，I can live ________ (peace).6.(2015·枣庄一模)However，the worst ________ (impress) is that I was feeling hungry all the time.7.(2015·温州二模)I took that beautiful moment and stored it ________ (safe) in my soul where I knew it would remain forever.8.(2015·沈阳一模)In the eyes of these foreigners，Chinglish is the ________ (wonder) result of an English dictionary mixing with Chinese grammar.9.(2015·山东师大附中一模)And if you have a good ________ (appear) and also original or expensive clothes to show off at your concerts...10.(2015·深圳一模)Bob went，returned and said ________ (gentle)，“Boss，onl y one person is selling watermelon...”11.(2015·肇庆期末)For another，it is a useful way to release their________ (press).12.(2015·肇庆期末)Therefore as high school students of the InformationAge，we need to learn to make use of this ________ (mean) tool to communicate and display ourselves.13.(2015·佛山一模)They fly faster，are much larger，and have televisionsets built in for passengers' ________ (enjoy).14.(2015·吉林一模)With the ________ (arrive) of spring，the Dorritystook the children for an outing.15.I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time.________ (fortunate)，I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.16.Therefore，when they become older they are ________ (able) to do anyother kind of work.17.Very early the next morning，amazingly，we got completely satisfiedin a totally ________ (expect) way.18.I won't do the purchase because the price of this dress is ________(reason).19.Job ________ (apply) need to show their ability to be both organizedand flexible in taking on many tasks at the same time.20.All facts are the source of ________ (conclude).21.However，most ________ (science) agree that EQ has a lot to do with________ (educate).22.Excellent oral and written ________ (communicate) skills in Chineseand English are of ________ (important).23.Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily ________(require).24.It is your ________ (free) to do what you want after class.25.As is known to us all，the Entrance Exam is a great ________，and thestudents are ________.(compete)答案 1.continuously 2.locally 3.powerful 4.invitation5.peacefully6.impression7.safely8.wonderful9.appearance10.gently 11.pressure 12.meaningful 13.enjoyment 14.arrival15.Unfortunately 16.unable 17.unexpected 18.unreasonable19.applicants 20.conclusions 21.scientists；educationmunication；importance 23.requirement 24.freedompetition；competitorsⅡ.仿真模拟阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

2018版高考英语一轮复习第2部分专题13 构词法即学巩固编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2018版高考英语一轮复习第2部分专题13 构词法即学巩固）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为2018版高考英语一轮复习第2部分专题13 构词法即学巩固的全部内容。

专题13 构词法〔即学巩固〕Ⅰ。

根据语境，用所给词的适当形式填空错误!1．It is illegal （legal） to drive after drinking alcohol in most countries.解析：句意：大多数国家，酒后开车违法。

2。

Misleading （lead) advertisements are not allowed by law.解析:句意:法律不允许误导的广告。

3．It is unreasonable (reasonable)to stick to this absurd proposal.解析：句意：坚持这种荒谬的建议是不合理的。

4．You must be illiterate （literate) if you have not heard of Shakespeare。

解析：句意：如果你没听说过莎士比亚，那你一定很无知。

5．There exists the imbalance (balance) between the rich and poor countries。

解析：句意：富国与穷国之间存在着不平衡。

6．Her illness had made her completely immobile (mobile）．解析：句意：她的病使得她完全不能活动了。

（通用版）2018版高三英语一轮复习第2部分语法专题突破专题1 构词法牛津译林版编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（（通用版）2018版高三英语一轮复习第2部分语法专题突破专题1 构词法牛津译林版）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为（通用版）2018版高三英语一轮复习第2部分语法专题突破专题1 构词法牛津译林版的全部内容。

专题一构词法考点一派生法(一)形容词加­ly变为副词的规律1．一般情况加。

ly。

如：real→really；careful→carefully;polite→politely；quick→quickly。

2．“辅音字母加y"结尾的，当y的发音为[i]时,变y为i，再加­ly。

如:angry→angrily；busy→busily；heavy→heavily。

当y的发音为[āi］时,直接加.ly.如：shy→shyly;dry→dryly.3．以辅音字母加le结尾的形容词变副词时，去掉e加.y。

如：probable→probably;gentle→gently.但以元音字母加le结尾时加­ly 。

如：sole→solely。

但whole→wholly例外。

4．以元音字母加e结尾的形容词变副词，去掉e加。

ly。

如：true→truly。

［易错警示]有的名词加­ly→形容词,如：frie nd→friendly；love→lovely；month→monthly。

(二)动词/名词变形容词的后缀及例词后缀例词.able accept→acceptable 可接受的comfort→comfortable 舒适的。