Chapter 2_The neuron Science

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下哈尔滨工程大学哈尔滨工程大学第一章测试1.All life has intelligence The following statements about intelligence arewrong（）A:All life has intelligence B:Bacteria do not have intelligence C:At present,human intelligence is the highest level of nature D:From the perspective of life, intelligence is the basic ability of life to adapt to the natural world答案:Bacteria do not have intelligence2.Which of the following techniques is unsupervised learning in artificialintelligence?（）A:Neural network B:Support vector machine C:Decision tree D:Clustering答案:Clustering3.To which period can the history of the development of artificial intelligencebe traced back?（）A:1970s B:Late 19th century C:Early 21st century D:1950s答案:Late 19th century4.Which of the following fields does not belong to the scope of artificialintelligence application?（）A:Aviation B:Medical C:Agriculture D:Finance答案:Aviation5.The first artificial neuron model in human history was the MP model,proposed by Hebb.（）A:对 B:错答案:错6.Big data will bring considerable value in government public services, medicalservices, retail, manufacturing, and personal location services. （）A:错 B:对答案:对第二章测试1.Which of the following options is not human reason:（）A:Value rationality B:Intellectual rationality C:Methodological rationalityD:Cognitive rationality答案:Intellectual rationality2.When did life begin? （）A:Between 10 billion and 4.5 billion years B:Between 13.8 billion years and10 billion years C:Between 4.5 billion and 3.5 billion years D:Before 13.8billion years答案:Between 4.5 billion and 3.5 billion years3.Which of the following statements is true regarding the philosophicalthinking about artificial intelligence?（）A:Philosophical thinking has hindered the progress of artificial intelligence.B:Philosophical thinking has contributed to the development of artificialintelligence. C:Philosophical thinking is only concerned with the ethicalimplications of artificial intelligence. D:Philosophical thinking has no impact on the development of artificial intelligence.答案:Philosophical thinking has contributed to the development ofartificial intelligence.4.What is the rational nature of artificial intelligence?（）A:The ability to communicate effectively with humans. B:The ability to feel emotions and express creativity. C:The ability to reason and make logicaldeductions. D:The ability to learn from experience and adapt to newsituations.答案:The ability to reason and make logical deductions.5.Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational nature ofartificial intelligence?（）A:The rational nature of artificial intelligence includes emotional intelligence.B:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is limited to logical reasoning.C:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is not important for itsdevelopment. D:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is only concerned with mathematical calculations.答案:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is limited to logicalreasoning.6.Connectionism believes that the basic element of human thinking is symbol,not neuron; Human's cognitive process is a self-organization process ofsymbol operation rather than weight. （）A:对 B:错答案:错第三章测试1.The brain of all organisms can be divided into three primitive parts:forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Specifically, the human brain is composed of brainstem, cerebellum and brain (forebrain). （）A:错 B:对答案:对2.The neural connections in the brain are chaotic. （）A:对 B:错答案:错3.The following statement about the left and right half of the brain and itsfunction is wrong （）.A:When dictating questions, the left brain is responsible for logical thinking,and the right brain is responsible for language description. B:The left brain is like a scientist, good at abstract thinking and complex calculation, but lacking rich emotion. C:The right brain is like an artist, creative in music, art andother artistic activities, and rich in emotion D:The left and right hemispheres of the brain have the same shape, but their functions are quite different. They are generally called the left brain and the right brain respectively.答案:When dictating questions, the left brain is responsible for logicalthinking, and the right brain is responsible for language description.4.What is the basic unit of the nervous system?（）A:Neuron B:Gene C:Atom D:Molecule答案:Neuron5.What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive functions?（）A:It is responsible for sensory processing. B:It is involved in emotionalprocessing. C:It is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions. D:It isinvolved in motor control.答案:It is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions.6.What is the definition of intelligence?（）A:The ability to communicate effectively. B:The ability to perform physicaltasks. C:The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. D:The abilityto regulate emotions.答案:The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills.第四章测试1.The forward propagation neural network is based on the mathematicalmodel of neurons and is composed of neurons connected together by specific connection methods. Different artificial neural networks generally havedifferent structures, but the basis is still the mathematical model of neurons.（）A:对 B:错答案:对2.In the perceptron, the weights are adjusted by learning so that the networkcan get the desired output for any input. （）A:对 B:错答案:对3.Convolution neural network is a feedforward neural network, which hasmany advantages and has excellent performance for large image processing.Among the following options, the advantage of convolution neural network is（）.A:Implicit learning avoids explicit feature extraction B:Weight sharingC:Translation invariance D:Strong robustness答案:Implicit learning avoids explicit feature extraction;Weightsharing;Strong robustness4.In a feedforward neural network, information travels in which direction?（）A:Forward B:Both A and B C:None of the above D:Backward答案:Forward5.What is the main feature of a convolutional neural network?（）A:They are used for speech recognition. B:They are used for natural languageprocessing. C:They are used for reinforcement learning. D:They are used forimage recognition.答案:They are used for image recognition.6.Which of the following is a characteristic of deep neural networks?（）A:They require less training data than shallow neural networks. B:They havefewer hidden layers than shallow neural networks. C:They have loweraccuracy than shallow neural networks. D:They are more computationallyexpensive than shallow neural networks.答案:They are more computationally expensive than shallow neuralnetworks.第五章测试1.Machine learning refers to how the computer simulates or realizes humanlearning behavior to obtain new knowledge or skills, and reorganizes the existing knowledge structure to continuously improve its own performance.（）A:对 B:错答案:对2.The best decision sequence of Markov decision process is solved by Bellmanequation, and the value of each state is determined not only by the current state but also by the later state.（）A:对 B:错答案:对3.Alex Net's contributions to this work include: （）.A:Use GPUNVIDIAGTX580 to reduce the training time B:Use the modified linear unit (Re LU) as the nonlinear activation function C:Cover the larger pool to avoid the average effect of average pool D:Use the Dropouttechnology to selectively ignore the single neuron during training to avoid over-fitting the model答案:Use GPUNVIDIAGTX580 to reduce the training time;Use themodified linear unit (Re LU) as the nonlinear activation function;Cover the larger pool to avoid the average effect of average pool;Use theDropout technology to selectively ignore the single neuron duringtraining to avoid over-fitting the model4.In supervised learning, what is the role of the labeled data?（）A:To evaluate the model B:To train the model C:None of the above D:To test the model答案:To train the model5.In reinforcement learning, what is the goal of the agent?（）A:To identify patterns in input data B:To minimize the error between thepredicted and actual output C:To maximize the reward obtained from theenvironment D:To classify input data into different categories答案:To maximize the reward obtained from the environment6.Which of the following is a characteristic of transfer learning?（）A:It can only be used for supervised learning tasks B:It requires a largeamount of labeled data C:It involves transferring knowledge from onedomain to another D:It is only applicable to small-scale problems答案:It involves transferring knowledge from one domain to another第六章测试1.Image segmentation is the technology and process of dividing an image intoseveral specific regions with unique properties and proposing objects ofinterest. In the following statement about image segmentation algorithm, the error is （）.A:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation by calculating the mean vector of the offset. B:Watershed algorithm, MeanShift segmentation,region growth and Ostu threshold segmentation can complete imagesegmentation. C:Watershed algorithm is often used to segment the objectsconnected in the image. D:Otsu threshold segmentation, also known as themaximum between-class difference method, realizes the automatic selection of global threshold T by counting the histogram characteristics of the entire image答案:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation bycalculating the mean vector of the offset.2.Camera calibration is a key step when using machine vision to measureobjects. Its calibration accuracy will directly affect the measurementaccuracy. Among them, camera calibration generally involves the mutualconversion of object point coordinates in several coordinate systems. So,what coordinate systems do you mean by "several coordinate systems" here?（）A:Image coordinate system B:Image plane coordinate system C:Cameracoordinate system D:World coordinate system答案:Image coordinate system;Image plane coordinate system;Camera coordinate system;World coordinate systemmonly used digital image filtering methods:（）.A:bilateral filtering B:median filter C:mean filtering D:Gaussian filter答案:bilateral filtering;median filter;mean filtering;Gaussian filter4.Application areas of digital image processing include:（）A:Industrial inspection B:Biomedical Science C:Scenario simulation D:remote sensing答案:Industrial inspection;Biomedical Science5.Image segmentation is the technology and process of dividing an image intoseveral specific regions with unique properties and proposing objects ofinterest. In the following statement about image segmentation algorithm, the error is ( ).A:Otsu threshold segmentation, also known as the maximum between-class difference method, realizes the automatic selection of global threshold T by counting the histogram characteristics of the entire imageB: Watershed algorithm is often used to segment the objects connected in the image. C:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation bycalculating the mean vector of the offset. D:Watershed algorithm, MeanShift segmentation, region growth and Ostu threshold segmentation can complete image segmentation.答案:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation bycalculating the mean vector of the offset.第七章测试1.Blind search can be applied to many different search problems, but it has notbeen widely used due to its low efficiency.（）A:错 B:对答案:对2.Which of the following search methods uses a FIFO queue （）.A:width-first search B:random search C:depth-first search D:generation-test method答案:width-first search3.What causes the complexity of the semantic network （）.A:There is no recognized formal representation system B:The quantifiernetwork is inadequate C:The means of knowledge representation are diverse D:The relationship between nodes can be linear, nonlinear, or even recursive 答案:The means of knowledge representation are diverse;Therelationship between nodes can be linear, nonlinear, or even recursive4.In the knowledge graph taking Leonardo da Vinci as an example, the entity ofthe character represents a node, and the relationship between the artist and the character represents an edge. Search is the process of finding the actionsequence of an intelligent system.（）A:对 B:错答案:对5.Which of the following statements about common methods of path search iswrong（）A:When using the artificial potential field method, when there are someobstacles in any distance around the target point, it is easy to cause the path to be unreachable B:The A* algorithm occupies too much memory during the search, the search efficiency is reduced, and the optimal result cannot beguaranteed C:The artificial potential field method can quickly search for acollision-free path with strong flexibility D:A* algorithm can solve theshortest path of state space search答案:When using the artificial potential field method, when there aresome obstacles in any distance around the target point, it is easy tocause the path to be unreachable第八章测试1.The language, spoken language, written language, sign language and Pythonlanguage of human communication are all natural languages.（）A:对 B:错答案:错2.The following statement about machine translation is wrong （）.A:The analysis stage of machine translation is mainly lexical analysis andpragmatic analysis B:The essence of machine translation is the discovery and application of bilingual translation laws. C:The four stages of machinetranslation are retrieval, analysis, conversion and generation. D:At present,natural language machine translation generally takes sentences as thetranslation unit.答案:The analysis stage of machine translation is mainly lexical analysis and pragmatic analysis3.Which of the following fields does machine translation belong to? （）A:Expert system B:Machine learning C:Human sensory simulation D:Natural language system答案:Natural language system4.The following statements about language are wrong: （）。

新疆部分名校2023-2024学年高二下学期期中联合考试英语试题一、阅读理解Four Genius New InventionsA brain implantAdvances in technology are bringing hope to those with spinal (脊骨的) injuries. One man can probably walk again simply by thinking about it, thanks to a digital brain-spine device, which boosts nerve signals damaged by the injury. Electronic implants in his brain allow him to transmit his silent intentions to a receptor implanted in his spine. The implant then enlarges and sends signals to his legs and feet through his nerve cells.Extract from mushroomsDavid Brown and Natasha Jean, two chemists, were aware of how bad for our bodies the chemicals to prevent foods in supermarkets from going bad can be. With a goal of developing a chemical-free alternative, they bought mushroom stems from farmers who would otherwise throw them out and released mushroom-fibre extract that helps ensure food safety, helping reduce food waste emissions.Paint that coolsXiulin Ruan, a professor, has come up with a special formula that boosts the reflective power of white paint, reducing the temperature of the roof’s surface by up to 13℃ at midday. Ruan’s paint could reduce air conditioning needs by up to 40 per cent. While typical white paint will help keep things cool by reflecting 80 to 90 per cent of sunlight, this formulation reflects 98 per cent.A trash-catcher for oceansThere are as many as 171 trillion pieces of plastic floating around in our oceans. What can be done to stop this flow of trash, most of which comes from rivers polluted by communities? German industrial designer Mauritz Schulz has designed a kind of floating barrier, which stretches the width of a river and acts as a net, blocking throw-away bottles and bags before they can drift out to sea.1．Who will benefit from the brain implant according to the text?A．People with brain nerve injuries.B．People with nerve damage to the spine.C．People whose feet can’t pick up nerve signals.D．People whose legs can’t transmit nerve signals.2．What is the function of the extract from mushrooms?A．Improving the taste of food.B．Increasing mushroom production.C．Extending shelf life of food.D．Reducing chemicals in mushrooms. 3．What do the last three inventions have in common?A．They contribute to food safety.B．They prevent environmental pollution.C．They help fight against climate change.D．They protect people’s living environment.A grey-headed flying fox is back gliding through the night after life-saving surgery on a broken wing. The female flying fox’s wing was badly injured when it was twisted in a net placed over fruit trees in Geelong, Victoria. It was rescued and taken to Werribee Open Range Zoo’s veterinary hospital where it needed two operations to repair the wing.Paul Eden, doctor of the hospital, said, “The flying fox was in a very serious condition when it arrived.” Flying foxes are highly dependent on their wings for many purposes. They can fly an astonishing 6,000 km in a year to search for food and pollinate a wide range of plants. They also use their wings to help capture insects, regulate body temperature and attract other flying foxes during mating season, So, it was extremely important that we did everything we could to help this animal make a full recovery. Vets operated to remove some of the flying fox’s damaged wing tissue and also gave it antibiotics (抗生素) and pain relief medication.Following the successful procedure, the flying fox was transferred to a wildlife carer to prepare it for release back into where it belonged. Dr Eden said, “It is very rewarding to see the flying fox recover fully and safely return home.” According to researchers from Werribee Open Range Zoo, flying foxes played a critical role in Australia’s ecosystem, not only for the survival of other native animals but also humans. Our ecosystem would be dramatically different without flying foxes.Dr Eden noted that there were some simple actions people could take to keep flying foxes safe, including reducing the risk of twisting by using nets with a size no bigger than 5 mm×5 mm when fully stretched over vegetable gardens or fruit trees. “If you encounter a flying fox that issick or in distress, for the safety of everyone, don’t attempt to rescue the animal yourself. Instead, contact Wildlife Victoria who will send a trained officer to rescue the animal,” Dr Eden said. 4．How did the flying fox get injured in the wing?A．It was stuck in the net.B．It was hit by the fruits.C．It was hunted while flying.D．It was twisted in the branches.5．What is paragraph 2 intended to do?A．Analyse the reason.B．Draw a conclusion.C．Present a problem.D．Add some backgrounds.6．How will the flying fox be dealt with after recovery?A．It will be raised in a reserve.B．It will be adopted by D Eden.C．It will be set free back to nature.D．It will be tended in a wildlife carer. 7．What did Dr Eden advise us to do while coming across an injured flying fox?A．Rescue it on the spot.B．Seek professional aid.C．Send it to Wildlife Victoria in person.D．Drive it to hospital as soon as possibleWhen patients are discharged (出院) from the hospital, effective summaries from doctors’ notes are essential to capture their health status in the medical record. Whereas, most are filled with technical languages that are hard to understand and increase patients’ anxiety.To address the problem, researchers from New York University (NYU) Langone Health have been testing the capabilities of generative artificial intelligence (AI). It tries to develop likely options for the next word in any sentence based on how most people use words in context on the Internet.NYU Langone Health received access to the latest tool from a famous tech company to explore generative AI. One of the studies by the researchers published in JAMA Network Open, looked at how well the tool could convert (转换) the text in 50 patient discharge notes into patient-friendly language. Specifically, generative AI made the discharge notes drop from 11th-grade reading level on average to a 6th-grade level.Two physicians were asked to review the AI discharge summary based on a 6th-grade level. The reviewing physicians awarded 54 percent of the AI-generated discharge notes the best-possible accuracy rating. They also found that 56 percent of notes created by AI were entirelycomplete. The result signified that even at the current performance level, providers of discharge notes would not have to make a single change in more than half of the AI summaries reviewed.“That more than half of the AI reports generated are accurate and complete is an amazing start,” said Jonah Zaretsky, associate chief of medicine at NYU Langone Hospital — Brooklyn. “Even at the current level of performance, which we expect to improve shortly, the achievement of the AI tool suggests that it can be taught to recognize subtleties (微妙之处).”Within the following years, the team expects to launch a pilot program to provide lay language discharge summaries that have been generated by AI and reviewed by physicians to patients on a larger scale.8．What is generative AI used for by the researchers?A．Submitting discharge summaries.B．Accessing patients’ health status.C．Making discharge notes clear to patients.D．Offering technical languages to doctors. 9．What is generative AI’s function based on?A．Probable predicting.B．Actual thinking.C．Free imagining.D．Strict instructing.10．Why were the two physicians asked to review the AI discharge summaries?A．To correct their mistakes.B．To measure their accuracy.C．To compete with the AI tool.D．To make up the missing parts.11．How did Jonah Zaretsky find the performance of AI in dealing with discharge summaries?A．Misleading.B．Dismissive.C．Challenging.D．Promising.On one side of the room sits the cutest life-size stuffed animal (填充玩具) you’ve ever seen. On the other side rests a real dog — the same size, shape and even the same name as the stuffed version. You get to sit next to both of these furry friends and pet their fur. Guess which one will make your brain light up?If you guessed the real dog, you’re right. Stuffed animals, as cute and lovely as they may be, just don’t effectively activate our frontal cortex (额叶皮层), the part of the brain overseeing how we think and feel, according to a new study published in the journal PLOSONE. The study found an even stronger rise in brain activity when the person petted the fur of a real dog versus a stuffed animal.“We chose to research the frontal cortex because this brain area is involved in several executive (执行) functions, such as attention, working memory, and problem-solving. But it is also involved in social and emotional processes,” said study lead author Rahel Marti, a doctoral student in the division of clinical psychology at the University of Basel in Switzerland.Why is this finding important? It provides additional evidence that live human-animal interaction therapy (疗法) may promote cognitive and emotional activity in the brain. Marti said, “If patients with deficits in motivation, attention, and socioemotional functioning show higher emotional involvement in activities connected to a real dog, then such activities could increase the chance of learning and of achieving treatment aims.”“This is an interesting, seriously conducted study that provides new insight into associations between human-animal interaction and regional prefrontal brain activity in healthy adults. We found that brain activity increased when the contact with a real dog or a stuffed animal became closer. This confirms previous studies relating closer contact with animals to increased brain activity,” Marti said.12．How does the author introduce the subject of the text?A．By listing some figures.B．By giving an example.C．By setting a situation.D．By analyzing a phenomenon.13．Why did the researchers choose to study frontal cortex?A．It is involved in several body parts.B．It is the most important part of the brain.C．It plays a key part in performing functions.D．It provides evidence for live human-animal therapy.14．What does the underlined word “deficits” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A．Styles.B．Faults.C．Adventures.D．Sources. 15．What may be a suitable title for the text?A．What Petting A Dog Can Do For Your Brain?B．Why A Pet Dog Is Important To A Person?C．Which Part Of The Brain Is Involved In Emotion?D．How Can A Patient Benefit From Petting A Dog?Lose Weight in a Healthy WayIf you’re not fat, don’t lose weight. If obesity affects your health, you can lose weight in a healthy way. Hundreds of weight-loss programs promise quick and easy weight loss. However, the foundation of successful weight loss remains a healthy, calorie-controlled diet combined with increased physical activity. 16 Consider the following for weight-loss success.●Make sure you’re ready. 17 So first you should make sure you’re ready to make permanent changes to eating and activity habits. Talk to your doctor if you need help address stressors or emotions that seem like barriers to your readiness. When you’re ready, you’ll find it easier to set goals, keep trying, stay committed and change habits.● 18 No one else can make you lose weight. You are responsible for your own behavior for successful weight loss. What’s going to give you the burning drive to stick to your weight-loss plan? Make a list of what’s important to you to help you stay motivated and focused.●Set realistic goals. It may seem obvious to set realistic weight-loss goals. But do you really know what’s realistic? Set a goal of losing a little weight at a time. 19 Generally, you can achieve the goal through a lower calorie diet and regular physical activity.●Enjoy healthy foods. Adopting a new eating style that promotes weight loss must include lowering your total calorie intake. 20 One way you can lower your calorie intake is by eating more plant-based foods—fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Strive for variety to help you achieve your goals without quitting flavour or nutrition.A．Do it gradually.B．But how can you make it?C．Find your inner motivation.D．Focus on your weight-loss goals.E．But it does not mean giving up taste.F．You should always keep your previous lifestyle.G．Long-term weight loss takes time, effort and commitment.二、完形填空Rodney started mowing (割草) yards for free in 2015 to help neighbors in his community,including senior citizens, single parents and individuals with disabilities. The idea 21 him when he drove past an elderly neighbor 22 to mow his lawn. Rodney 23 and offered to finish the job for his neighbor. He soon set a goal of mowing 40 lawns by the end of that winter, but increased that goal to 100 lawns as he quickly surpassed his 24 target.“I’m 25 of cutting grass because I’m young and strong,” explained Rodney. Once he reached his 100-lawn goal, he realized he could 26 more people by creating a program that included youths as 27 . He founded the Raising Men Lawn Care Service and began recruiting (招募) local youths aged 7 to 17, as he said, “Show them the importance of 28 their community.”Rodney started the nonprofit lawn program while still in college. He now holds a master’s degree in social work and 29 his nonprofit organization full time. Children can get 30 by sending in a photo of themselves holding a sign that reads, “I accept the 50-yard challenge.” 31 participation, the organization will send the child a shirt, safety glasses and ear protection. Once the child completes the 32 , the organization delivers them a brand-new lawn mower.The program provides a valuable service for community members who have difficulty 33 mowing their own yards. The lawn challenge also provides an opportunity for youths to build a 34 with neighbors. The service is a 35 for the youth volunteers and community members.21．A．terrified B．struck C．impacted D．navigated 22．A．managing B．pretending C．struggling D．guaranteeing 23．A．turned around B．came down C．walked away D．pulled over 24．A．initial B．immediate C．direct D．sudden 25．A．afraid B．tired C．capable D．aware 26．A．disturb B．serve C．refresh D．secure 27．A．volunteers B．captains C．employees D．inspectors 28．A．forming B．restricting C．advertising D．repaying 29．A．witnesses B．joins C．runs D．admires 30．A．trapped B．organized C．permitted D．involved 31．A．In return for B．On behalf of C．In charge of D．In contact with32．A．assessment B．commitment C．surgeon D．reform 33．A．mentally B．socially C．physically D．financially 34．A．bond B．defence C．model D．system 35．A．motivation B．reflection C．to-do D．win-win三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

网络出版时间：２０２１－５－２８１０：１１　网络出版地址：ｈｔｔｐｓ：／／ｋｎｓ．ｃｎｋｉ．ｎｅｔ／ｋｃｍｓ／ｄｅｔａｉｌ／３４．１０８６．Ｒ．２０２１０５２７．１４５７．００４．ｈｔｍｌ内侧前额叶皮层与神经精神疾病关系的研究进展亓思豪，洪　浩（中国药科大学药学院药理系，江苏南京　２１１１９８）ｄｏｉ：１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００１－１９７８．２０２１．０６．００２文献标志码：Ａ文章编号：１００１－１９７８（２０２１）０６－０７４５－０４中国图书分类号：Ｒ ０５；Ｒ３２２ ８１；Ｒ３３８ １；Ｒ３３８ ６４；Ｒ７４９ ４２；Ｒ７４９ ７２摘要：内侧前额叶皮层（ｍｅｄｉａｌｐｒｅｆｒｏｎｔａｌｃｏｒｔｅｘ，ｍＰＦＣ）接收多个皮层和皮层下区域的输入，并整合相关信息传送至其他皮层和皮层下脑区。

ｍＰＦＣ在神经精神疾病相关事件如抑郁症、焦虑症、精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等，以及认知、社交和奖赏行为等神经精神活动过程中发挥重要作用。

本文综述内侧前额叶皮层的神经环路联系在神经精神疾病中的作用及其分子机制，特别是近年来取得的研究进展。

关键词：内侧前额叶皮层；神经精神疾病；神经环路；分子表达收稿日期：２０２１－０３－０４，修回日期：２０２１－０４－０６基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（Ｎｏ８１７７３７１４，８２０７１２０２）作者简介：亓思豪（１９９６－），男，硕士生，研究方向：神经精神药理，Ｅ ｍａｉｌ：ｑｓｈｃｐｕ＠１６３．ｃｏｍ；洪　浩（１９６２－），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向：神经精神药理，通讯作者，Ｅ ｍａｉｌ：ｈｏｎｇｈａｏ＠ｃｐｕ．ｅｄｕ．ｃｎ开放科学（资源服务）标识码（ＯＳＩＤ）： 内侧前额叶皮层（ｍｅｄｉａｌｐｒｅｆｒｏｎｔａｌｃｏｒｔｅｘ，ｍＰＦＣ）是一个具有多种细胞类型的皮层区域，既能接收来自不同脑区的输入信息，又能整合信息并传送至其他皮层和皮层下区域，在脑功能调节中发挥重要作用。

中国科学技术大学研究生学位论文撰写规范中国科学技术大学学位办编二○○七年五月中国科学技术大学研究生学位论文撰写规范研究生学位论文集中反映研究生在研究工作中所取得的成果，代表研究生研究工作的水平,也是申请和授予相应学位的主要依据。

为提高研究生学位论文的撰写质量，做到学位论文在内容和格式上的规范化，我们编写了《中国科学技术大学研究生学位论文撰写规范》，供申请学位的研究生参考执行。

其中参考文献著录规则我们根据GB/T 7714-2005的标准撰写。

硕士和博士学位论文除在研究深度等方面要求不同外,撰写要求基本一致。

目录第1章内容要求 (1)1.1 封面 (1)1。

1。

1 密级 (1)1.1.2 论文题目 (1)1.1。

3 作者姓名 (1)1。

1.4 学科专业 (1)1。

1.5 导师姓名 (1)1.1。

6 完成时间 (1)1.2 中国科学技术大学学位论文原创性和授权使用声明 (1)1。

3 摘要和关键词 (1)1。

3。

1 中文摘要 (1)1.3.2 中文关键词 (1)1.3。

3 英文摘要与关键词 (1)1。

4 目录 (2)1。

5 符号说明 (2)1.6 正文 (2)1。

6.1 绪论 (2)1.6。

2 论文主体 (2)1。

6。

3 结论 (2)1.7 参考文献 (2)1。

8 附录 (3)1。

9 致谢 (3)1.10 在读期间发表的学术论文与取得的其他研究成果 (3)第2章书写规定 (4)2。

1 论文的字数要求 (4)2.2 文字、标点符号和数字 (4)2。

3 封面与扉页 (4)2。

4 目录 (4)2。

5 摘要与关键词 (4)2.5.1 摘要 (4)2。

5。

2 关键词 (5)2。

6 论文正文 (5)2。

6。

1 章节及各章标题 (5)2.6.2 序号 (5)2。

6.3 页眉 (5)2.6。

4 名词和术语 (6)2。

6.5 量和单位 (6)2.6。

6 图和表 (6)2。

6。

7 表达式 (7)2.7 参考文献 (8)2。