限定词的分类与搭配关系1

限定词1．什么叫限定词限定词位于名词之前，对名词起特指、泛指或表示数量等限定作用的一类词,如：特指：the book， my book, this book 等（说话或听话人都知道指点哪一个事物。

）泛指：a book, some books, 等（泛指是指点任何一个(些）事物)数量：two books, many books， much sugar 等在句子中担任主语、宾语、补足语等的名词词组，一般都由“限定词（+形容词）+名词（+后置修饰语）”构成。

但是限定词有不同类型，名词有不同种类，限定词与名词不能随便搭配，因此哪些限定词可以与哪些名词并用就必须加以注意。

总的来说，限定词一般不与专有名词搭配,用于普通名词时要根据名词的数和类别来决定.我们把名词划分为以下三类：单数可数名词：a book that book 等复数可数名词：these books such books 等不可数名词：some tea little water 等2、哪些是限定词兹将限定词列表如下,表中指明各个限定词与三类名词搭配的情况：限定词单数可数复数可数不可数a(n） book -- -—a (little)bit of -— -- breada great amount of -——- breada great (good) deal of -- —— breada great（good, large, small)number of —- books --all day books breada lot of —— books breadanother book -- --any book books breadboth -— books ——double the price the quantities the strengtheach book -- --either book -———enough -- books breadevery book —- -—(a） few —— books —-fewer，（the） fewest —— books -—the first， the second， etc prize prizes -—half an hour the men the breadthe last book books -—(the ） least thing —— breadless —— -— bread(a） little -— -— breadlots of —— books breadmany a book books —-more -- books breadmost —— books breadmuch —- -— breadmy， your， his， etc book books breadTom’s, the old man’s, etc book books breadneither book -- --the next book books --no book books breadone book ———-one-third, two—fifths， etc (of)the book (of) the books the timeother student students breadthe other book books --plenty of —- books breadseveral -- books --some (某一）book books breadsuch book books breadthat book books breadthe book books breadthese -— books —-this book -— breadthose -- books ——twice, three times, etc the figure the quantities his strengthtwo, three， etc —- books --what（ever） book books breadwhich(ever） book books breadwhose book books breadzero(不用冠词或其它限定词) man men bread[注] 表内“-”表示有关限定词不能与该类名词搭配.限定词的搭配 1、概说名词词组中,当两个或两个以上的限定词同时出现时，限定词之间有一定的搭配关系，根据其不同的搭配位置可分为三类,其中最重要的一类是中位限定词,:Write your answer on every other line。

限定词限定词（DETERMINER〕是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指（SPECIFIC REFERENCE〕、类指（GENERIC REFERENCE〕以及表示确定数量（DEFINITE QUANTITY〕和非确定数量（INDEFINITE QUANTITY〕等限定作用的词类.名词词组除有词汇意义外,还有其所指意义（REFERENTIAL MEANING〕,是特指（即指特写的对象〕,还是类指（即泛指一类人或物〕；是有确定的数量,还是没有确定的数量.能在名词词组中表示这种所指意义的词类就是限定词.英语的限定词包括：定冠词（DEFINTITE ARTICLE〕,不定冠词（INDEFINITE ARTICLE〕,零冠词（ZERO ARTICLE〕物主限定词（POSSESSIVE DETERMINER〕,my, your, his, her, our, your, their, one's, its.名词属格（GENITIVE NOUN〕,John's, my friend's.指示限定词（DEMONSTRATIVE DETERMINER〕,this, that, these, those, such.关系限定词（RELATIVE DETERRMINER〕,whose, which.疑问限定词（INTERROGATIVE DETERMINER〕,what, which, whose.不定限定词（INDEFINITE DETERMINER〕,no, some, any, each, every, enough, either, neither, all, both, half, several, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, other, another.基数词（CARDINAL NUMERAL〕和序数词（ORDINAL NUMERAL〕倍数词（MULTIPLICATIVE NUMERAL〕和分数词（FRACTIONAL NUMERAL〕量词（QUANTIFIER〕a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great of, a good deal of, a large of, a small amount of, a quantity of, a great of, a good number of等.限定词与名词词组中心词之间有着某种固定的搭配关系；如果名词之前带有两个或两个以上的限定词,则限定词与限定词之间也有某种固定的搭配关系.本讲主要解决这两种搭配关系问题.1 限定词与三类名词的搭配关系限定词的选择决定于随后的名词的类别,是单数名词、复数名词,还是不可数名词.1〕能与三类名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如the, some, any, no, other, whose以及my, your等物主限定词和名词属格（John's, my friend's〕等能与三类名词搭配.例如：the book, my book, my friend's book, John's book, any book, some book, no book, the other book, whose book, the books,my books, my friend's book, John's books, any books, some books, no books, the other books, whose books, the money, my money, my friend's money, John's money, any money,some money, no money, the other money, whose money.2〕只能与单数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如a(n), one, another, each, every, either, neither, many a, such a 等只能与单数名词搭配.例如：each worker, either book, an apple, another book, such a book, every student, neither sentence, one copy, many a book.3) 只能与复数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如both, two, three, another two / three, many, (a) few, several, these, those, a (great) number of等只能与复数名词搭配.例如：both workers, several students, a number of essays, many students, (a) few words, these / those books, two / three visitors, another two / three students.4) 只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如a (little) bit of, a great amount of, a great deal of, (a) little, much 等只能与不可数名词搭配.例如：a bit of water, a great amount of labour, a great deal of work, (a) little space, much noise.5〕能与单、复数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如the first, the second, the last, the next等既可与单数名词搭配,也可与复数名词搭配.例如：the first rose, the last man, the next meeting, the first roses, the last men, the next meetings.6〕能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如this, that, (the) least等能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配.例如：(the) least sign (of prejudice), this / that job, (the) least knowledge, this / that work.7〕能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词还有些限定词如a lot of, lots of, enough, more, most, such, other等可与复数名词和不可数名词搭配.例如：a lot of books, a lot of money, lots of chickens, lots of food, plenty of chairs, plenty of water, enough copies, enough coal, more articles, more time, most people, most work, such men, such bread, other men, other bread.不定量限定词less原先只与不可数名词搭配,但在现代英语中,less既可与不可数名词也可与复数名词搭配.例如：less money, less mistakes.2 限定词与限定词的搭配关系以上讲的是限定词与三类名词的搭配关系.除上述搭配关系外,限定词与限定词之间还存在着一定的搭配关系.在名词词组中心词之前如果有两个或两个以上限定词出现时,就会产生限定词的先后顺序问题.按其不同的搭配位置,限定词可分为：1〕中位、前位、后位限定词按照限定词与限定词之间不同搭配位置,限定词可分为中位限定词（CENTRAL DETERMINER〕、前位限定词（PREDETERMINER〕和后位限定词（POSTDETERMINER〕.a) 中位限定词包括a(n), the, zero; this, that, these, those; my, your, etc; Merry's, my friend's; some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough; what(ever), which(ever), whose等b) 前位限定词包括all, both, half; double, twice, three times, etc; one-third, two-fifths, etc; what, such, (a / an)等c) 后位限定词包括one, two, three, etc; first, second, third, etc; next, last, other, another, etc; many, much, (a) few, (a) little, fewer, (the) fewest, less, (the) least, more, most; several, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great / large / good number of, a great / good deal of, a large / small amount of; such等2) 三类限定词的搭配关系如果一个名词词组带有上述三类限定词,其搭配关系总是按照"前位－－中位－－后位"的顺序排列.例如：all前the中four后teachers.all前your中three后books.all前these中last后few后days.如果只有上述两类限定词,其搭配关系仍按上述顺序.例如：half前his中lecture.those中last后few后months.several后hundred后guests.all前other后students.such前a中misfortune.some中such后alloy.由上述诸例可以看出,中位限定词之间和前位限定词之间是互相排拆的,即一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词.所以,"我的那本书"不是* my that book 而是that book of mine,因为my和that同是中位限定词,不可同时并列.但后位限定词的使用却不受此限.除上述those last few months, several hundred guests之外, this last two books, the first two chapters, three other girls, two more sheets, the next few weeks, many more copies, a few more samples, another twenty tons 等都是后位限定词重叠使用的实例.个别限定词有跨类现象,如such既属于前位限定词,又可归入后位限定词.由于它只是在such a...和such an...这样的搭配中属于前位限定词,而在与其他限定词(some, any, no, all, few, another, other, many, one, two, etc)搭配时,such则是后位限定词,一律放在上述这些限定词的后面,如some such, any such, nosuch, few such, one such等。

限定词（二）：数量限定词与个体限定词 数量限定词（一）：a few, few/al ittle, little数量限定词（二）：some/any个体限定词（一）：each/every与名词的搭配关系肯定/否定之别与only或very的搭配关系从与名词的搭配来看，a few和few的后面只能接复数名词，而a little和little的后面只能接不可数名词。

例如：a few days, few boys ； a little water, little money从肯定及否定的角度来看，a few和a little的意思是肯定的，相当于s ome，表示“有一些”的意思。

而few和little的意思是否定的，表示“很少，几乎没有”。

只能说：only a little或only a few，而不能说：only few*或o nly little*。

但为了强调否定意义，我们可说：very few或v ery little。

与名词的搭配关系特殊用法一：any与单数名词搭配特殊用法二：some与单数名词搭配从与名词的搭配来看，some和any均可以与不可数名词及可数名词复数连用，表示“一些”。

s ome一般用在肯定句中，而any一般用在否定句中。

在疑问句中，我们多数情况下用any，但是在表示我们期待一个正面的回答或要鼓励对方说“是”时，要在疑问句中用some。

例如：Havey ou got any medicine to cure your cough?你吃治疗咳嗽的药了吗？ Would you like tog ive me some advice?你想给我提点建议吗？当any的后面接单数名词时，它的意思是“无论哪一个，任何一个”，此时可用于任何类型的句子。

You can catch any bus. They all go to the railway station.你坐哪辆公共汽车都行，它们都到火车站。

详解限定词与名词的搭配1.只能与单数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词只能与单数名词搭配，如a, an, one, another, each, neither, many a, such a等。

a toy an apple one bookanother student each worker neither girlsuch a sentence many a pencil（表示很多铅笔）2.只能与复数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词只能与复数名词搭配，如both, two, another two, many, a few, few, several, these, those, a number of等。

both toys two apples another two booksmany students a few workers few workersseveral girls these/those boys a number of pencils3.只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词只能与不可数名词搭配，如a (little) bit of, a large amount of, a great deal of, (a) little, much, less, (the)least等。

a bit of food a large amount of moneya great deal of water much/ less space4.能与单、复数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词既能与单数名词搭配，又能与复数名词名词搭配，如the first ,the second , the last , the next 等。

the first student the next sentencethe first students the next sentences5.能与单数、不可数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词既能与单数名词搭配，又能与不可数名词名词搭配，如this, that等。

限定词限定词与名词的搭配关系1.能与三类名词搭配的限定词如the，some，any，no，other，whose以及my，your等物主限定词和名词属格等能与三类名词搭配。

the book the books the moneymy book my books my moneymy friend’s book my friend’s books my friend’s moneyJohn’s book John’s books John’s moneyany book any books any moneysome book some books some moneythe other book the other books the other moneywhose book whose books whose moneyNo student is to leave the classroom.No words can express my grief.I have no time to write to you.And whose side are you on ?你站在哪一边？2.只能和单数名词搭配的限定词a，an，another，each，every，either，neither，many a，such a等3.只能与复数名词搭配的限定词both，two，three，another two/three，many，（a）few，several，these，those，a（great）number of等4.只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词a （little）bit of，a large number of，a great deal of，（a）little，much，less，（the）least等5.能与单复数名词搭配的限定词the first，the second，the last，the next等the first man the first menthe last rose the last rosesthe next meeting the next meetings6.能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词this，that等this/that job this/that work7.能与复数和不可数名词搭配的限定词a lot of，lots of，plenty of，enough，more，most，such，othersuch men such bread限定词与限定词的搭配关系1前位，中位，后位限定词前位词：all，both，half；double，twice，three times等；one-third，two-fifths等；what，such （a/an）等中位词：a，an，the，zero；this，that，these，those；my，your等；Mary’s，my friend’s；some，any，no，every，each，either，enough；what（ever），which（ever），whose等后位词：one，two，three等；first，second，third等；next，last，other，another等；many，much，（a）few，（a）little，fewer，（the）fewest，less，（the）least，more，most；several，such等。

限定词的具体分类和用法详解限定词一般指修饰名词，具有限定和限制specifying 的作用，精确指定某物的范围，或与句子的其他成分的关系，从而对话语的完整性、准确性有重要影响。

可分为定冠词、不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词等。

一、定冠词定冠词又称固定冠词，一般用来限定某一具体的人或事，或特指某一个人、某一件事，这类冠词一般有the、this、that、these、those 等。

1.the 的功能非常多，有时用作介词，表示“把……放到……的(上、里、中)”，如：We put the bottle on the table. 我们把瓶子放到桌上。

其用作冠词做定语常见的情况有：(1) 下列情况下，一般不可用形容词性定语：代名词、指示代词、物主代词等可以被the 所修饰。

He opened the door and went in. 他打开了那扇门走了进去。

This is the room where the accident happened. 这是发生事故的房间。

(2) 当某事物只有一个，或某个范畴只有一个代表性的人或物时，可以用the 来作定语。

2.this、that、these、those，作定语有下列用法：(1)this、that 指示距离说话者近远的事物，this 表示“这”，that 表示“那”，如：I bought this coat a month ago. 我一个月前买的这件外衣。

That car needs a new engine. 那辆车需要换个新发动机。

These flowers are very beautiful. 这些花很漂亮。

Those books are in the classroom. 那些书放在教室里。

不定冠词又称不限定冠词，一般用来限定所指范围被看做未定的人或物，或限定所指多种可能。

不定冠词一般有a、an 和some 等，是定冠词的反义词。

1.a 和an 的用法如下：(1)a 用于以元音音素(a、e、i、o、u) 开头的单数可数名词前，而an 则用于以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前。