限定词的分类及搭配
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限定词的种类限定词是英语中一类用来修饰名词或名词性短语的词汇,起到限制或具体化名词的作用。
在英语语法中,常见的限定词包括冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数量词、基数词、序数词、不定代词等。
本文将分别介绍并解释这些限定词的种类和用法。
一、冠词 (Articles)冠词是指用来限定名词范围的词语,分为定冠词和不定冠词两种。
1. 定冠词 (Definite Articles)定冠词包括"the",用于特指已提及或共知的人、事物或概念。
例如:- The book on the table is mine.(桌子上的那本书是我的。
)- The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。
)2. 不定冠词 (Indefinite Articles)不定冠词包括"a"和"an",用于泛指或表示名词是一个类别中的任意一个。
例如:- I saw a bird in the garden.(我在花园里看到一只鸟。
)- She wants to be an actress.(她想成为一名女演员。
)二、指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns)指示代词指代特定的人、事物或位置,并且根据离说话人的距离分为远指和近指两种。
1. 远指代词远指代词包括"that"和"those",用于指代离说话人较远的事物或人们。
例如:- That is a beautiful sunset.(那是一个美丽的日落。
)- Look at those flowers over there.(看看那边的花。
)2. 近指代词近指代词包括"this"和"these",用于指代离说话人较近的事物或人们。
例如:- This is my new car.(这是我的新车。
)- These are my friends.(这些是我的朋友。
限定词1,限定词分为前位限定词,中位限定词和后位限定词。
中位限定词有,a an the zero ;this that these those ; my your 等my friend`s ; some any no every each either neither enough ;what(ever) which(ever) whose等(冠词,指示代词,名词属格,物主代词)前位限定词有,all both ;double twice three times 等;one third ,two fifths 等,what such a (倍数,分数)后位限定词有,one two three等;first second third 等;next last other another 等;many much (a)few (a) little fewer (the )fewest ,less (the )least ,more most ; several such 等;还有,plenty of a lot of lots of a great number of a great deal of a great /good many a large amount of a great quantity of 其含义相当于many much 但用法稍有不同,如a lot of these houses round here have grass in the front door .三类限定词的搭配关系和顺序,总是:前位——中位——后位注意:中位限定词之间和前位限定词之间是相互排斥的,所以一个名词中心词前不可有两个前位或两个中位。
不能说,my that book 可以说,that book of mine 后位限定词可以重叠使用,如,those last few monthsSuch 既是前位限定词,有可归入后位,只在,such a such an 中是前位;与其他限定词(some any no all few another other many one 等搭配时,放在这些限定词的后面,作后位。
限定词的具体分类和用法详解限定词一般指修饰名词,具有限定和限制specifying 的作用,精确指定某物的范围,或与句子的其他成分的关系,从而对话语的完整性、准确性有重要影响。
可分为定冠词、不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词等。
一、定冠词定冠词又称固定冠词,一般用来限定某一具体的人或事,或特指某一个人、某一件事,这类冠词一般有the、this、that、these、those 等。
1.the 的功能非常多,有时用作介词,表示“把……放到……的(上、里、中)”,如:We put the bottle on the table. 我们把瓶子放到桌上。
其用作冠词做定语常见的情况有:(1) 下列情况下,一般不可用形容词性定语:代名词、指示代词、物主代词等可以被the 所修饰。
He opened the door and went in. 他打开了那扇门走了进去。
This is the room where the accident happened. 这是发生事故的房间。
(2) 当某事物只有一个,或某个范畴只有一个代表性的人或物时,可以用the 来作定语。
2.this、that、these、those,作定语有下列用法:(1)this、that 指示距离说话者近远的事物,this 表示“这”,that 表示“那”,如:I bought this coat a month ago. 我一个月前买的这件外衣。
That car needs a new engine. 那辆车需要换个新发动机。
These flowers are very beautiful. 这些花很漂亮。
Those books are in the classroom. 那些书放在教室里。
不定冠词又称不限定冠词,一般用来限定所指范围被看做未定的人或物,或限定所指多种可能。
不定冠词一般有a、an 和some 等,是定冠词的反义词。
1.a 和an 的用法如下:(1)a 用于以元音音素(a、e、i、o、u) 开头的单数可数名词前,而an 则用于以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前。
英语限定词及分类■按照限定词与限定词的相互搭配关系,限定词可分为前位限定词(pre-determiner)、中位限定词(central determiner)和后位限定词(post-determiner)。
■限定词的相互搭配关系为:前位+中位+后位■在这三类限定词中,前位限定词与前位限定词以及中位限定词与中位限定词是相互排斥的,后位限定词与后位限定词之间虽不相互排斥但有搭配限制。
■前位限定词包括:all, both, half; double, twice, three times, etc; one-third, two-fifths, etc; what, such, (a / an)等。
■中位限定词包括:冠词:a(n), the指示代词:this, that, these, those形容词性物主代词:my, your, his, her, our, etc名词属格:Jim’s, my mother’s不定代词:some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough, etc连接代词what(ever), which(ever), whose, etc■后位限定词包括:one, two, three, etc; first, second, third, etc; next, last, other, another, etc; many, much, (a) few, (a) little, fewer, (the) fewest, less, (the) least, more, most; several, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great / large / good number of, a great / good deal of, a large / small amount of; such等。
限定词:限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类。
名词词组除有词汇意义外,还有其所指意义,是特指(即指特写的对象),还是类指(即泛指一类人或物〕;是有确定的数量,还是没有确定的数量。
能在名词词组中表示这种所指意义的词类就是限定词。
基本简介1、冠词(article)定冠词(DEFINITE ARTICLE),不定冠词(INDEFINITE ARTICLE),零冠词(ZERO ARTICLE)2、形容词性的代词物主限定词(POSSESSIVE PRONOUN DETERMINER),my, your, his, her, our, your, their, one's, its.名词属格(GENITIVE NOUN),John's, my friend's.指示限定词(DEMONSTRATIVE DETERMINER),this, that, these, those, such.关系限定词(RELATIVE DETERMINER),whose, which.疑问限定词(INTERROGATIVE DETERMINER),what, which, whose.不定限定词(INDEFINITE DETERMINER),no, some, any, each, every, enough, either, neither, all, both, half, several, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, other, another.3、数词(numeral)基数词(CARDINAL NUMERAL) 和序数词(ORDINAL NUMERAL)倍数词(MULTIPLICATIVE NUMERAL) 和分数词(FRACTIONAL NUMERAL)4、量词(QUANTIFIER) a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great of, a good deal of,a large of, a small amount of, a quantity of, a great of, a good n umber of等。
限定词一、限定词的概念限定词(determiner)是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指(specific reference)、类指(generic reference)以及表示确定数量(definite quantity)和非确定数量(indefinite quantity)等限定作用的词类。
名词词组除有词汇意义外,还有其所指意义(referential meaning),是特指(即指特写的对象),还是类指(即泛指一类人或物);是有确定的数量,还是没有确定的数量。
能在名词词组中表示这种所指意义的词类就是限定词。
二、限定词包括哪些词定冠词(defintite article):the;不定冠词(indefintite article):a, an;零冠词(zero article)物主限定词(possessive determiner):my, your, his, her, our, your, their, one's, its;名词属格(genitive noun):Tom’s, my mother’s;指示限定词(demonstrative determiner):this, that, these, those, such;关系限定词(relative determiner):whose, which;疑问限定词(interrogative determiner):what, which, whose;不定限定词(indefintite determiner):no, some, any, each, every, enough, either, neither, all, both, half, several, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, other, another;基数词(cardinal numeral):one, two, three, four, five…;序数词(ordinal numeral):first, second, third, fourth, fifth…;倍数词(multiplicative numeral):o ne third, two thirds…;分数词(fractional numeral):twice, three times…;量词(quantifier)a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great of, a good deal of, a large of, a small amount of, a quantity of, a great of, a good number of…。
限定词限定词的种类1.前位限定词pre-determinersall/both/half; double/twice/three times; one-third/two-fifths2.中位限定词central determiners■中位限定词包括:冠词:a(n), the指示代词:this, that, these, those形容词性物主代词:my, your, his, her, our, etc名词属格:Jim’s, my mother’s不定代词:some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough, etc连接代词what(ever), which(ever), whose, etc举例They may also make still and motion pictures of the trench, take water and sedimental temperatures, and perhaps sight no one knows what living creatures in that perpetual night.他们还要对海沟摄像摄影,测量水和沉积物的温度,也许还能观测到那永恒黑夜下中不为人知的生物。
3.后位限定词post-determiners■后位限定词包括:基数词:one, two, three, etc;序数词:first, second, third, etc一般序数词:next, last, other, another, etc.数量词:many, much, (a) few, (a) little, fewer, (the) fewest, less, (the) least, more, most; several, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great / large / good number of, a great / good deal of, a large / small amount of; such等。
1〕中位、前位、后位限定词
按照限定词与限定词之间不同搭配位置,限定词可分为中位限定词(CENTRAL DETERMINER〕、前位限定词(PREDETERMINER〕和后位限定词(POSTDETERMINER〕。
a) 中位限定词包括a(n), the, zero; this, that, these, those; my, your, etc; Merry's, my friend's; some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough; what(ever), which(ever), whose等
b) 前位限定词包括all, both, half; double, twice, three times, etc; one-third, two-fifths, etc; what, such, (a / an)等
c) 后位限定词包括one, two, three, etc; first, second, third, etc; next, last, other, another, etc; many, much, (a) few, (a) little, fewer, (the) fewest, less, (the) least, more, most; several, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great / large / good number of, a great / good deal of, a large / small amount of; such等
2) 三类限定词的搭配关系
如果一个名词词组带有上述三类限定词,其搭配关系总是按照"前位--中位--后位"的顺序排列。
例如:
all前the中four后teachers.
all前your中three后books.
all前these中last后few后days.
如果只有上述两类限定词,其搭配关系仍按上述顺序。
例如:
half前his中lecture.
those中last后few后months.
several后hundred后guests.
all前other后students.
such前a中misfortune.
some中such后alloy.
由上述诸例可以看出,中位限定词之间和前位限定词之间是互相排斥的,即一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词。
所以,"我的那本书"不是* my that book 而是that book of mine,因为my和that同是中位限定词,不可同时并列。
但后位限定词的使用却不受此限。
除上述those last few months, several hundred guests之外, this last two books, the first two chapters, three other girls, two more sheets, the next few weeks, many more copies, a few more samples, another twenty tons等都是后镁限定词重叠使用的实例。
个别限定词有跨类现象,如such既属于前位限定词,又可归入后位限定词。
由于它只是在such a...和such an...这样的搭配中属于前位限定词,而在与其他限定词(some, any, no, all, few, another, other, many, one, two, etc)搭配时,such则是后位限定词,一律放在上述这些限定词的后面,如some such, any such, no such, few such, one such等,因此本书把它归入后位限定词。