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英语语法被动语态考点总结标题：英语语法被动语态考点总结一、被动语态的基本概念在英语语法中，被动语态（Passive Voice）是一种动词形式，用于表达主语是动作的承受者而非执行者。
其基本结构为“be + 过去分词”。
例如：“The book is read by Mary.”（这本书被玛丽阅读。
）二、被动语态的构成方式1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词。
例句：The cake is made by my sister every day.2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词。
例句：The house was built in 1980.3. 现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been + 过去分词。
例句：The project has been completed successfully.4. 一般将来时的被动语态：will be + 过去分词。
例句：The meeting will be chaired by the manager tomorrow.5. 过去进行时的被动语态：was/were being + 过去分词。
例句：At that time,a new building was being constructed on the campus.6. 现在完成进行时的被动语态：have/has been being + 过去分词。
例句：For the past two hours, the experiment has been being conducted by the researchers.三、被动语态的应用场景1. 不知道或无需提及动作的执行者时。
2. 强调动作的承受者或者结果时。
3. 在科技论文、新闻报道、官方文件等正式文体中常使用被动语态以保持客观公正。
四、被动语态的转换与注意事项主动语态可以转换为被动语态，反之亦然。
初中英语语法——被动语态用法总结归纳被动语态是英语语法中的一种重要的句型结构，用来表示主语是动作的承受者，或者是主语被动地接受了其中一种行为或影响。
在被动语态中，动作的执行者通常不被说明，而动作的接受者（主语）成为句子的重点。
被动语态的结构是：“be”动词的适当形式 + 过去分词被动语态的时态、语态和主动语态一样，即可以变换时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等）和语态（进行时、完成时等）。
下面对被动语态的几个方面进行总结归纳。
1.一般现在时被动语态：一般现在时被动语态的结构是：“am/is/are”（be动词的适当形式）+ 过去分词例如：- 主动语态：They make cars.- 被动语态：Cars are made by them.2.一般过去时被动语态：一般过去时被动语态的结构是：“was/were”（be动词的适当形式）+ 过去分词例如：- 主动语态：She cooked dinner.- 被动语态：Dinner was cooked by her.3.一般将来时被动语态：一般将来时被动语态的结构是：“will be”（be动词的适当形式）+ 过去分词例如：- 主动语态：You will clean the room.- 被动语态：The room will be cleaned by you.4.进行时被动语态：进行时被动语态的结构是：“am/is/are being”（be动词的适当形式）+ 过去分词例如：- 主动语态：They are painting the wall.- 被动语态：The wall is being painted by them.5.完成时被动语态：完成时被动语态的结构是：“has/have been”（be动词的适当形式）+ 过去分词例如：- 主动语态：She has written a book.- 被动语态：A book has been written by her.需要注意的是，被动语态的主语通常不是动作的执行者，所以经常用于下面几种情况：-当动作的执行者不得而知或不重要时，使用被动语态。
中考英语主动语态变被动语态被动语态由“助动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上，同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。
在将主动语态变为被动语态时，可按以下三个步骤：a.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
b.把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) ，并根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
c.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时，by短语可以省略。
例如：All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。
一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变；另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for。
例如：My father gave me a new book on my birthday.→I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后，to仍要保留。
例如：We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.→It should be done at once.练习将下列句子变为被动语态：1. We often sing this song._______________________________2. He broke his leg in the match._______________________________3. She will sell her house soon._______________________________4. He is repairing the machine._______________________________5. He has finished his work._______________________________6. We call him Lao Wang._______________________________7. We must do something to help her._______________________________8. What did you say at the meeting?_______________________________9. He gave me some old magazines._______________________________10. He told me to wait at the gate._______________________________【参考答案】1. This song is often sung.2. His leg was broken in the match.3. Her house will be sold soon.4. The machine is being repaired.5. His work has been finished.6. He is called Lao Wang.7. Something must be done to help her.8. What was said at the meeting?9. I was given some old magazines.10. I was told to wait at the gate。
被动语态一、被动语态概述：语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。
（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
（被动语态）二、被动语态的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
The bridge was builtlast year.这座桥是去年建造的。
He was electe d chairm an.他被选为主席。
2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。
The room hasn't been cleane d yet.房间还没有打扫。
The tigerwas killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。
如：The window was blownby wind.窗户被风吹开了。
The wholevillag e has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
It is believ ed that he is a spy. (=He is believ ed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。
专题—定语从句（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
英语语法被动语态知识点梳理在英语语法中，被动语态是一个重要且常用的语法点。
理解和掌握被动语态对于准确、流畅地表达意思以及提高英语语言能力都有着至关重要的作用。
下面咱们就来详细梳理一下被动语态的相关知识。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的基本构成是“be ＋过去分词”。
其中，“be”动词要根据不同的时态和主语进行变化，过去分词则保持不变。
比如，一般现在时的被动语态是“am/is/are ＋过去分词”，一般过去时是“was/were ＋过去分词”，现在进行时是“am/is/are ＋ being ＋过去分词”，过去进行时是“was/were ＋ being ＋过去分词”，现在完成时是“have/has ＋ been ＋过去分词”，过去完成时是“had ＋ been ＋过去分词”等等。
举几个例子帮助大家理解：“ The book is written by him ”（一般现在时的被动语态）“ The tree was cut down yesterday ”（一般过去时的被动语态）“ The problem is being discussed now ”（现在进行时的被动语态）“ The work had been finished before he came ”（过去完成时的被动语态）二、被动语态的使用场景1、不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者当我们关注的是动作本身而不是执行者时，就会使用被动语态。
例如：“The window was broken ”（不知道是谁打破了窗户）2、强调动作的承受者为了突出动作的承受者，会使用被动语态。
比如：“This song is loved by many people ”（强调很多人喜欢这首歌，而不是强调谁让很多人喜欢这首歌）3、出于礼貌或委婉在某些情况下，使用被动语态可以使表达更委婉、更礼貌。
比如：“It is suggested that you should come earlier ”（用被动语态比直接说“ We suggest that you should come earlier ”更委婉）三、主动语态变被动语态的方法1、把主动语态中的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
高一英语被动语态基本功过关一、选择题（每小题1分共40分）1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?A. Is ; builtB. Was ; builtC. Does ; build D .Did ; build2.An accident ____ on this road last week.A. has been happenedB. was happenedC. is happenedD. happened3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.A. is grownB. are grown C .grows D. grow4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.A. is visitedB. will be visitedC. has been visitedD. was visited5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doingB. are being doneC. has been doneD. will be done7.The doctor _____ for yet.A. isn't sentB. hasn't been sentC. won't be sentD. wasn't sent8.--When ___ this kind of computer______?--Last year.A. did; useB. was; usedC. is; usedD. are; used9.Who _____ this book _____?A. did; writtenB. was; written byC. did; written D .was; written10.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.A. has asked toB. was asked toC. is asked D .asks to11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.A. was told usB. was told to usC. is told us D .told us12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.A. jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump13.Older people ____ well.A. looks after B .must be looked after C. must look after D .looked after14.Our teacher ______ carefully.A. should be listened toB. should be listenC. be listenedD. is listened15. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar.A. is servingB. is servedC. servesD. served16. It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested.A. has beenB. had beenC. hasD. had17. Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year?A. would be completedB. will be completedC. had been completedD. is being completed18. Great changes _______ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in 1949.A. have taken place; was foundedB. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; foundedD. took place; founded19.—Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?—She has _______ by her classmates.A. laughedB. laughed atC. been laughedD. been laughed at20. Doctors _______ in every part of the world.A. needB. are needingC. are neededD. will need21. I promise that matter will _______.A. be taken careB. be taken care ofC. take careD. take care of22. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building.A. been givenB. givenC. to giveD. be given23. I ___ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A. gaveB. was givenC. was givingD. had given24. Can such a thing _____ happening again?A. prevent fromB. prevented fromC. be prevented fromD. to prevent from25. A new house ________ at the corner of the road.A. is buildingB. is being builtC. been builtD. be building26. This bike ________ last year.A. boughtB. has been boughtC. was boughtD. had been bought27. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year?A. was destroyingB. destroyedC. would destroyD. was destroyed28. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.A. hasn’t been decidedB. isn’t decidingC. doesn’t decideD. hasn’t decided29. The pen _______ me. It is hers.A. isn’t belong toB. was n’t belong toC. doesn’t belong toD. didn’t belong to30. I can’t use my bike because it _______.A. is repairingB. is being repairedC. will repairD. was repairing31. The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _____.A. was expected; heardB. had expected; hear . C had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard 32．— The window is dirty.— I know. It _____ for weeks. （2004全国03）A. hasn’t cleanedB. didn’t cleanC. wasn’t cleanedD. hasn’t been cleaned33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in Beijing. (2003上海春季, 27)A. would be completedB. was being completedC. has been completedD. had been completed34.—How long _______ at this job?—Since 1990. (NMET 2003北京春季, 27)A. were you employedB. have you been employedC. had you been employed D .will you be employed35.—What happened to the priceless works of art?—_______. (NMET 2003北京春季, 34)A. They were destroyed in the earthquakeB. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquakeD. The earthquake destroyed them36. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He _______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killedB. is killedC. was killedD. was killing(NMET 2002 北京春季, 27)37. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002 上海春季, 30)A. cutB. are cutC. are being cutD. had been cut38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ sorapidly.A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change39. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.A. lose B will be lost C. are lost D. will lose40. A new cinema _______ here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be builtB. is builtC. has been builtD. is being built高一英语定语从句练习题1.Don't talk about such things of _____________________ y ou are not sure.A. whichB. whatC. asD. those2. Is this the factory _________________ you visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one3. Is this factory ________________ s ome foreign friends visited last Friday?A. thatB. where .C. whichD. the one4. Is this the factory ______ he worked ten years ago?A. thatB. whereC. which D the one5. The wolves hid themselves in the places ________________________ couldn't be found.A. thatB. where C in which D. in that6. The freezing point is the temperature ____________________ _ water changes into ice.A. at whichB. on thatC. in which D of what7. Y ou may call on me from one to five o'clock, during ______________________ I am always at home.A. the timeB. what timeC. that timeD. which time8. The reason is___________ he is unable to operate the machine.A. becauseB. whyC. thatD. whether9. I’ll tell you________ he told me last week.A all which B. that Call that D. which10. That tree, _______ branches are almost bare, is very old.A. whoseB. of whichC. in whichD. on which11.I have bought the same dress________ she is wearing.A. asB. thatC. whichD. what12.He failed in the examination, ____________________ made his father very angryA. whichB. itC. thatD. what13. We're talking about the piano and the pianist__________________________ werein die concert we attended last night.A. whichB. whom C who D. that14.The girl ______________ an English song in the next room is Tom's sister.A. who is singingB. is singing .C. sangD. was singing15.Those _______ not only from books but also through practice will succeedA learn B. who C that learns D. who learn16.Anyone ______________ this opinion may speak out.A. that againstsB. that againstC. who is againstD. who are against17.Didn't you see the man ___________________ ?A I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just nowC. I nodded to him just nowD. I nodded to just now18.Can you lend me the novel ___________________ the other day?A. that you talkedB. you talked about itC. which you talked withD. you talked about19. Is there anything ________ to you?A. that is belongedB. that belongsC. that belongD. which belongs20. —"How do you like the book?"— "It's quite different from ______________________ I read last month."A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. the one what21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except ______________________________ who had alreadytaken them.A. the onesB. ones C some D. the others22. The train _________ she was travelling was late.A. whichB. where C, on which D. in that23. He has lost the key to the drawer __________ the papers are kept.A. whereB. in which C under which D. which24. Antarctic ________________ w e know very little is covered with thick ice all the yearround.A. whichB. where C that D. about which25. It's the third time _________________ l ate this month.A. that you arrivedB. when you arrivedC. that you've arrived D when you've arrived26. It was in 1969 _________________ the American astronaut succeeded in landingon the moon.A. thatB. which C when D. in which27. May the fourth is the day _________ we Chinese people will never forget.A. whichB. whenC. on whichD. about which28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, ______________________________ livemy grandparents and some relatives.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. where29. The hotel ___________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A. we stayed atB. where we stayed atC. we stayedD. in that we stayed30. Is it in that factory ________ "Red Flag" cars are produced?A. in whichB. whereC. whichD. that31. It is the Suez Canal ______________ separates Asia_ _Africa.A. which, toB. where, fromC. that, fromD. that, with32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below,_____ was a small canoe, with aboy in it.A. thereB. whereC. itD. which33. He is not _______________ a fool__________.A. such, as he is lookedB. such, as he looksC. as, as he is lookedD. so, as he looks34. Is that the reason _________________ you are in favour of the proposal?A. which B what C. why D. for that35. He must be from Africa, ___________ can be seen from his skin.A. thatB. asC. whoD. what36. He has two sons, _________________ work as chemists.A. two of whom B both of whom C both of which D. all of whom37.1, ______________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who isB. who amC. that isD. what is38 He is a man of great experience, ________ much can be learned.A who B. that C. from which D. from whom39. —Do you know the town at all?— No, this is the first time I ___________________ h ere.A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming40. I don't like ________________ you speak to her.A. the wayB. the way in that C the way which D. the way of which41. The two things _____________ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Delia's hair.A. about whichB. of which C in which D. for which42. The dinner was themostexpensive meal we______________.A. would haveB. have had C had never had D. had ever had43. Do you know which hotel________?A she is staying B. die is staying in C. is she staying D. is she staying in44. There is only one thing________ I can do.A. whatB. thatC. allD. which45. Who can think of a situation___________ this idiom can be used?A. whichB. thatC. whereD. in that46.I have many books, some of__________ are on chemistry.A. themB. thatC. whichD. those47. They were interested___________________ you told them.A. in whichB. in thatC. all thatD. in everything48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship,much help for knowing space.A. which we think it isB. which we think are ofC. of which we think isD. I think which is of49. The great day we looked forward to at last.A. comeB. came C coming D. comes50. I like the second football match _______ was held last week.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. /。
