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名词属于十大词类中的一种，主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。
纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查，主要以选择题和填空题为主，考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。
在备考2023年中考时，注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则，掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律，名词所有格的用法，名词的句法功能等，并做到灵活运用，以便提高综合运用能力。
中考考查重点：一、名词词义辨析；二、名词的数；三、名词所有格。
考向一：名词的分类分类说明例句普通名词可数名词个体名词表示人或事物的个体名称city城市，panda熊猫，chair椅子，hospital医院，nurse护士集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称public公众，people人们，class班级，family家庭，police警察不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名称rice大米，snow雪，steel钢铁，cotton棉花，corn玉米，air空气抽象名词表示行为、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词courage勇气，determination决心，satisfaction满意，happiness幸福，success成功，love热爱专有名词表示人名、地名、国名London伦敦，Tom汤姆，the Great Wall长城，Asia亚洲表示书名、电影名、各种标语Spider Man 《蜘蛛侠》表示机构、组织、团体UNESCO联合国教科文组织集体名词的分类1. 本身是复数，如，cattle牛群，people人们，police警察。
2. 本身单复数均可表示，如audience观众，class班级，club俱乐部，committee委员会，company公司，crew船员，enemy敌人，family家庭，government政府，group组，team队（当这一类词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于其表示的具体含义，如果作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指的是具体成员，则谓语动词用复数形式）►The family is the basic unit of society. 家庭是构成社会的基本单位。
中考英语语法讲解资料及练习（共18讲）中考英语语法讲解资料及练习（共18讲）第1讲：名词名词当然是大家都很熟悉的了，我们吃的food，喝的drinks，穿的clothes 都是名词。
It is easy, right? 但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的，到底该怎么用呢？OK,follow me。
First, 名词复数的特殊变化。
普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或-es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。
这些小调皮是：a. class, box, watch, brush等词以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es；b. story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es；c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es；d. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。
末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词，变复数加-es。
如：tomato, hero, potato，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。
e. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse （mice）, man（men ）, woman（women ）等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。
注意：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；f. deer，sheep等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。
好记好记。
people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。
初中英语语法名词⽤法讲解及专项练习初中英语语法名词⽤法讲解及专项练习【考点讲解】⼀、名词的分类⼆、可数名词与不可数名词(⼀) 可数名词名词分为可数和不可数名词。
物质名词与抽象名词⼀般属于不可数名词，它们只有单数形式；个体名词和集体名词⼀般是可数名词，通常有单数和复数两种形式。
1. 单数变复数的规则【注】①常见的以o 结尾要加es 的有如下⼏个：hero, tomato, potato ,可记为“英雄爱吃西红柿和⼟⾖”。
剩余以o 为结尾的加s ：如photo, zoo, piano等②以f 或fe 结尾变f 或fe 为v+es 的词有如下：⼩偷的妻⼦⽤⼑把狼劈成两半，⼀半放在书架上，⼀半放在树叶上2. 不规则复数形式(1) 元⾳或词尾发⽣变化：child- , man- , woman-_________, foot- , tooth- , mouse-policeman -___________, Frenchman-_________Englishman-(2) 单复数形式相同： (3) 形式为复数，意思为复数：people ，police(4) 形式为复数，意思为单数：news, maths, physics(5) 只能⽤复数形式：trousers, shoes, glasses ……【注】○1man，woman作定语修饰别的名词时，要把man，woman和其他部分都变成复数，如man teacher –，woman doctor –_____________；○2但是其他合成名词，只需把其中⼼词变成复数形式。
如：shoe factory- , banana tree-3. “某国⼈”的复数形式“中⽇不变英法变，其余s加后边”(⼆)不可数名词不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，⼀般没有复数形式1. 物质名词有water, rice, tea, milk, chicken(鸡⾁), fish(鱼⾁), food, fruit, beef, orange(橙汁), sugar, salt, paper(纸), porridge, bread, sand, juice,chalk等；抽象名词有news, music, time(时间), information等；2. 在英语中，不可数名词如果要表⽰“量”的概念，可以⽤以下两种⽅法：(1) ⽤much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表⽰多少，例如：a lot of money / some milk / any water / much snow(2) ⽤“a piece / glass / cup / bottle / bag of+不可数名词”或“数词pieces / glasses / cups / bottles / bags of+不可数名词”这类定语，例如：a piece of paper ( wood / bread) →a bottle of orange →a glass of wate r →a cup of tea →a bag of rice →3. 不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词a/an连⽤；4. 注意有些名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，此时中⽂意思有区别。
初中语法复习：名词讲解及提升练习考点1：名词的单复数变化1）大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾，则一般加es；2）以o结尾的单词除了两人（negro，hero）两菜（tomato，potato）加es外，其余一般加s；3）以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；4）英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth。
关于以O结尾，加上-es变复数的单词，我们可以这样记住：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和马铃薯，那么negro, hero, tomato, potato便可以很快记住了。
考点2：可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达注：1、名词单数变复数口诀(一) 规则变化名词单数变复数，直接加-s 占多数；s, x, z, ch, sh 来结尾，直接加上-es；词尾是f 或fe，加-s 之前先变ve；辅母+ y 在词尾，把y 变i 再加-es；词尾字母若是o，常用三个已足够，要加-es 请记好，hero, tomato, potato。
(二) 不规则变化男人女人a 变e，鹅足牙oo 变ee；老鼠虱婆也好记，ous 变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。
2、1）名词可数性：专有名词不可数：人名地名国家。
2）物质名词不可数：金木水火土沙肉食米面布茶咖啡果汁牛奶酒钢铁玻璃煤油墨水作业纸粉笔头发新闻天气天气。
3）抽象名词不可数：幸福时光爱情知识力量发明仁慈友谊关系青春信息勇气。
巩固提升：一、单选题1．How much ________do you have on you?A．money B．coin C．key D．bill2．Don't be afraid to ask for some ________ about ordering the meal.A．suggestion B．method C．opinion D．advice3．For the time being we can collect much ________ either from books or on the Internet. A．idea B．method C．information D．suggestion 4．Now a large number of people ________ helping clear the snow in the street.A．is B．are C．was D．were5．Stella is going to move into a new flat next month, so she plans to buy some ________.A．chair B．flower C．furniture D．picture 6．The old lady saved many ________ from dying of hunger in the 1950s.A．monkey B．elephant C．children D．butterfly 7．Villagers in the mountain area used to raise many________ on the farm to make a living. A．bear B．horse C．chicken D．sheep 8．Kate plans to work for the community with some classmates of________ this summer. A．she B．her C．herself D．hers9．Mary chatted with a friend of on WeChat for a long time last night.A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 10．The policeman gave us much on how to protect ourselves when we are in danger. A．example B．tip C．note D．advice11．I think one effective ______for me to improve my memory is to have enough sleep. A．information B．advice C．method D．conclusion 12．With great efforts and a strong will, the teenager has made a lot of ______. A．progress B．achievement C．complaint D．friend 13．The police are worried about the of the boy who has been missing for 3 days. A．save B．safe C．safely D．safety答案：1．A2．D3．C4．B5．C6．C7．D8．D9．C10．D11．C12．A13．D二、用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Sam studies hard and he is confident that he'll pass the ________ examinations. (enter)2.Tony’s uncle was born in Spain, but he is a ________ of France. (city)3.Holding his ________ for about three minutes, Jerald swam down to a depth of 112 metres. (breathe)4.Few young people are interested in traditional ________ .(skill)5.They have reached a __________ about when and where to hold the party. (decide)6.Miss Guo tells us that there're different __________ to improve our memory. (method)7.Wendy was happy when she saw the menu that included many delicious ________. (dish)8.The manager said that the _________ of the report must be at least fifteen minutes. (long)9.The police are investigating a series of bank _________ in the city center. (robbery)10.When we describe people, we mention their age-group, their build and their _______. (high)11.As doctors, we take pride in our _______. (responsibility)12.The Pony Express was a ________started in 1860 that carried mail and news throughout the West. (serve)13.Zhong Nanshan is one of our country's national ________. (hero)14.A ________(win) is not a person who never fails, but a person who never gives up.15.It’s important for students to build relationships with other members of the ________.（social）16.Making other people satisfied also brings me _________ every day. (happy)17.As usual, our leader made his New Year's _________ on TV on Dec.31. (speech)18.The terrible disease has had a huge _________ on the way we see ourselves. (effective)19.The sudden _____of the pet dog made the old lady very sad.（dead）20.Many _____gathered in the hall to welcome the new year.（citizen）21.We are confident of the doctor's ________ to cure this disease. (able)22.Peter made his sister laugh by telling her many ________. (joke)23.The hotel offers different _______ of amusements to attract the guests. (variety)24.The ________ of that bridge is over 200 metres. (long)25.Two ________(policewoman) are directing traffic at the crossing.puters were considered as one of the greatest ________ in the 1920s though they were very huge at that time.（invent）27.To tell you the ________, I have worked very hard to prepare for the final exam.（true）28.Two armed ________took place on the same street on Monday afternoon.（robbery）29.It’s a new story full of________, adventure and heroic characters.（act）30.The doctor says the________ was a great success, and the patient will get better, (operate)31.The boy could not sleep, and he began to count________, but failed. (sheep)32.Because of the traffic jams, I missed the ________ of the performance. (begin)33.One major ________ of that machine is too big for us to carry. (advantage)34.Kate bought lots of ________ from the market yesterday morning. (strawberry)35.The ________ on show are all excellent, you can choose any of them. (piano)36.The suspect is still missing and there is no record of his ________ yet. (die)37.The report on the patient's ________ caught attention of the public. (ill)38.Tom was on top of the world after returning from the ________ park. (amusing)39.We know that it was a very hard ________, but we feel we made the right one. (decide)40.The boy is so good with the ________ of colors. (choose)41.Richard had little________in understanding the reason for your decision. (difficult)42.To reduce the spread of virus（病毒）, many countries stop _________ from entering. (foreign)43.Helen’s ambition is to become an ________ in the future. (art)44.Robben owns some furniture _______ in Wuhan. (factory)45.We are trying to find a good ______ to deal with the environmental problems. (solve)46.The supermarket near our neighbourhood sells different kinds of meat ________. (produce)47.Doing housework teaches kids independence, care and ________. (responsible)48.To tell you the _______, the tour of the Movie Park was the highlight of our visit.(true)49.The company offered a number of chances for teachers’ professional________. (develop)50.As a soldier, you have to obey ________. (order)51.China celebrated its ________ birthday in the year 2019. (seventy)52.The scene in front is too ________ for me to have a look at. (frighten)53.His students have to hand in their homework no ________ than next Friday. (late)54.Teenagers should learn to be ________ thinkers rather than follow others blindly. (depend).55.Make sure the windows are closed and the door is ________ locked before you leave. (secure)56.Customers can make a ________ to the manager by phone, by letter or face to face. (complain)57.The factories are planning to make products with recycled materials to ________ energy. (safe)urent, 9, will become one of the______people to graduate from a university. (young)59.We need to concentrate on our________now, while we have the energy. (goal)60.I forgot to take my textbook. The girl next to me shared_______with me. (she)61.The show was so boring that we fell ______after an hour. (sleep)62.A number of animals have escaped from the zoo________, including a rare white tiger. (recent)63.The death of the boy’s parents left him feeling extremely_______and alone. (help)64.He can correctly______a pack of cards in just 31.16 seconds. (memory)65.-- That’s not a very good time of year to travel. -- Perhaps not. It was just a_______.” (think)66.Scientists are trying to establishing more______for their argument. (proof)67.Sue has already graduated from university in her early_____. (twenty)68.The twin sisters are only five years old, but they can take care of______. (they)69.People speak different______of English in different parts of Britain. (vary)70.“How are you?” is a very______question. It’s a question that often doesn’t need an answer. (usual)71.Studying abroad has made me much more______in many ways. (depend)72.If you really want to______, you will have to work very hard. (success)73.She didn’t stop mopping the floor until it became _______clean. (spot)74.We are always encouraged to express our own ______naturally in class.（opinion）75.They held a party for their cousin’s _______birthday last weekend.（twenty-five）76.A friend of ______visited the village and she really had a good time there.（me）77.Some people argue teachers aren’t as important as before because there is an increasing_______of information resources.（various）78.We used to visit London once a week, but ______we go there twice a week.（recent）79.He was _______to find his room cleaned and everything arranged in perfect order.（surprise）80.I wonder how to start and ______the new washing machine.（operation）81.His 8-year-old son is so ______that he can go to school on his won.（depend）82.The team are working on a couple of unsolved ________ of this century. (mystery)83.Many important events were held in the ________ half of the year. (two)84.The ________ is so exciting that you can have a lot of food for thought. (speak)85.There’s a large ________ of soft drinks to choose from in this store. (various)86.It’s a pity that the world famous church was ________ damaged by a fire. (serious)87.The report says the faster you read, the ________ you understand what you’ve read. (little)88.It’s worrying that some students are ________ of the risk of playing computer games. (aware)89.Don’t forget to ________ the date, the price and the signature on the contract. (examination)90.I can’t do the______question but I have finished doing the other. (four )91.Peter’s mother has promised to buy______a Millet Bracelet(小米手环) as a present. (he)92.As a good detective, Ken looks for clues carefully and never jumps to______.（conclusion）93.My partner was______ill and she had an operation the day before yesterday. ( serious)94.Having done enough revision work, Joe is sure that he’ll______in the final exam.(success)95.That shop sells a______of unusual, fun model cars, many kids like to go there. (vary)96.Linda is a______leader in our group. She is always active in dealing withproblems.(confidence)97.When you feel tired or______, you can look for something interesting to do.(happy)98.My postcard is different from ______in size and color. (she)99.The lights in the restaurant were too dark. We had to change our ______. (seat)100.Frank has just begun the ______year in the college, so everything is still fresh to him. (two) 101.The man has ______in running the shop because of the good service. (success)102.The information was ______and the army lost the war again. (use)103.Wendy has ______recorded a TV programme about making funny comics. (recent)104.Susan will make a ______on children rights next week. (speak)105.Eating too much ______food really does harm to us. (healthy)106.Liao Changyong is an excellent Chinese_____who has held many concerts. (sing)107.The snake can reach a_____of one hundred centimeters. (long)108.I guess the gentleman with a pair of glasses must be in his early_____now. (fifty)109.Several recent_____showed 75% of those questioned were in favour of the plan. (survey) 110.The jacket is available in_____colours. You can choose what you like. (variety)111.Every morning the students greet the teachers_____with a smile at the school gate. (polite) 112.I’ve just bought my new car, so I make up my mind to_____my old one. (sale)113.Mike’s classmates aren’t satisfied with him because he is always_____. (honest)答案1.entrance2.citizen3.breath4.skills5.decision6.methods7.dishes8.length9.robberies10.height 11.responsibilities12.service13.heroes14.winner15.society16.happiness17.speech18.effect19.death 20.citizens21.ability22.jokes23.varieties24.length25.policewomen26.inventions27.truth28.robberi es29.action30.operation31.sheep32.beginning33.disadvantage34.strawberries35.pianos36.death37. illness38.amusement39.decision40.choice41.difficulty42.foreigners43.artist44.factories45.solution ter5 plaint57.save58.youngest59.goals60.hers61.asleep62.recently63.helpless64.memorize65.thought66.proofs67.twenties68.themselves69.varieties70.unusual71.indep endent72.succeed73.spotlessly74.opinions75.twenty-fifth76.mine77.variety78.recently79.surprise d80.operate81.independent82.mysteries83.second84.speech85.variety86.seriously87.less88.unawa re89.examine90.fourth91.him92.conclusions93.seriously94.succeed95.variety96.confident97.unha eless103.recently104.speech105.unhealthy106. singer107.length108.fifities109.surveys110.various111.politely112.sell113.dishonest。
教学课题名词知识目标:理解掌握名词的概念、基本用法。
目标能力目标:理解和灵活使用名词，根据句子需要使用正确的名词形式。
重点:名词的灵活使用；可数名词单复数变形；名词所有格。
重点难点难点:理解英语里的单复数概念。
过程1.导入2.名词的概要3.课堂同步练习与讲评4.小结---名词的用法5.拓展练习与讲评专有名词名词名词意义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。
如:Shanghai,Lilei,desk普通名词国名地名人名可数名词不可数名词团体机构名称首字母大写个体名词表单个的人或者事物集体名词表一群人或一些事物的总称抽象名词表无法分为个体的物质物质名词表抽象概念的词如:Jim,June,China,Harbin.teacher,apple…family,police…water,money…health,friendship…1.可数名词(个体名词和集体名词):有单复数之分A.不规则变化常见的有:单复数同型:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,mouse-mice... Chinese Japanese people sheep deer fish(中日友好永不变)a Chinese---two Chinese;a Japanese--- four Japanese(英法联盟a变e)an English--- eight Englishmen;an Frenchman---nine Frenchmen (其他后面加s)a German---five GermansB.规则变化情况一般的词以s,sh,ch,x结尾以0结尾以辅音＋y结尾以f/fe结尾构成＋s＋es有生命，+es；无生命，+s改y为i＋es改f为v＋es例词day-days desk-desksmatch-matches boss-bossestomatoes,potatoes,heroesbaby-babies fly-flieswife-wives leaf-leavesphotos,kilos, 1. Some ____ and ____ will come to visit our school next month.A. Germans; EnglishmansB. Germen; EnglishmenC. Germans; EnglishmenD. German; Englishman2.Look! There are three ______ and two ______ at the school gate. Let ’s show them around our school.A. Frenchman; GermanB. Frenchmen; GermanC. Frenchmen; GermansD. Frenchmans; Germans写出下列名词的复数形式1piece shoe orange lake23456789busbodyboylifezootomatomanGerman foxcitykeyleafpianoherowomanChinese glassenemyholidayyourselfradiotoothfishermanchild wishbabywaywolfphotofootapplesheepC.复合名词的复数变化规则: man 和 woman 都要变 girl 和 boy 却不变1 men doctors boy students 1. They are________.2women drivers girl football playersA.man doctorB.men doctorsC.men doctorD.man doctorsD.常考可数名词knifesecond chance size decisionvoicestomachacheminute mistake shape invitationtastetoothachequarter question invention concertsmellcoldhour problem discovery playexpressionfeverweek idea message ticketintroductioncoughyear suggestion difference sightcelebration1.If you work harder, you'll have another_________ to play the violin at a concert.A. sleepB. chanceC. mistakeD. problem2.-Lily, could you please pass me the_________? I want to cut the apple.-Sure, here you are. A. pen B. pencilC. bookD. knifeE.常见复数标志all/both基数词two...many/someseveral几个a few/fewotherthese/thosedifferentare/were在一般现在时的条件下,遇到复数名词,或代词,动词用原形:we all come from China.1.Those white socks____small.A.areB.isC.amD.do2.How many_____do they have?A.pictureB.picturesC.a picture3.We are_____,but they are________.A.Germans;JapaneseB.Germen;JapaneseC.Germans;JapanesesD.Germen;Japanese4.__________turn green in spring.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.Leafs5.Look!The kites in the sky are in different_____.Some are big and some are small.A.sizeB.sizesC.colorD.colors6.I can see some________on the hill.A.sheeps and deersB.sheep and deerC.sheeps and deerD.sheep and deers2.不可数名词(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a/an或具体数字连用,但特指某物时可以与定冠词the连用。
5. Your mother cooks nice __________. I like it very much.A. breadB. beefsC. eggsD. dumplings6.-How can I get some ______ about the 2016 Olympic Games? -Why not search the Internet?A. informationB. experienceC. practiceD. success7.______ about the sports meeting make us excited.A. NewsB. InformationC. MessagesD. Advice8.The Belt and Road initiative(一带一路倡议) will help China improve ______ with lots of countries.A. relationshipB. agreementC. environmentD. progress3.名词的所有格: 在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,常在词尾加's 表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。
翻译成:"的"。
如:Tom's bike (汤姆的单车)。
名词的所有格例词、例句①直接在词尾加's Kate's bag, Children's Day, Women's Day②以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加' Teachers' Day, students' books③表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加's Lucy and Lily's mother (共同的妈妈)④表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加's Tom's and Jim's rooms (各自的房间)⑤表某人的家、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略at the doctor's(在医务室); at Tom's (在汤姆的家)⑥表示无生命名词的所有格,用of 表达the door of the room, the color of the clothes⑦双重所有格:用's所有格/名词性物主代词与of 所有格相结合。
目录专题一名词 (1)专题二数词、冠词 (8)专题三介词、连词 (16)专题四代词 (25)专题五形容词、副词 (35)专题六动词的分类 (44)专题七情态动词、系动词 (51)专题八动词时态 (58)专题九被动语态 (64)专题十非谓语动词 (71)专题十一简单句、并列句 (81)专题十二祈使句、感叹句 (89)专题一三宾语从句 (95)专题一四定语从句 (103)专题一五状语从句 (111)专题一名词1.名词的数1.概述: 名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。
2.可数名词及其单复数：可数名词有单复数变化，其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰，还可用many, few, a few, some, any, plenty of, lots of, a number of 等修饰。
构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。
1）复数的规则构成法：绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。
具体规则如下图：a．单复同形的：Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示鱼的数量)b. 熟记下列词的复数变化：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, child-childrenc. 以man, woman做定语构成的复合名词，变复数时要全变：a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变：a girl student-two girl students3. 不可数名词：不可数名词没有单复数。
如：water, meat, air等。
在表示数量时，通常用以下方法。
1）用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等表示多少。
中考英语语法丨名词详解及精题精练（附答案）一、可数名词复数形式的构成方法1.一般情况下,在名词词尾直接加-scake→cakes（蛋糕）student→students（学生）2.以[s]、[z]、[∫]、[3]、[t∫]、[d3]等音素结尾的名词变复数时加-es;如果词尾为e,则只!加-Sbus→buses（公交车）box→boxes（盒子）watch→watches（手表）3.以“辅音字母+ y"结尾的名词,大多数变y为i再加-es;以“元音字母+ y"结尾的名词直接加-Sbaby→babies（婴儿）city→cities（城市）country→countries（国家）toy→toys（玩具）monkey→monkeys（猴子）4.以f(e)结尾的名词，大多数将f(e)改为v，再加-eswife→wives（妻子）knife→knives（刀子）leaf→leaves（树叶）half→halves（一半）self→selves（自己）shelf→shelves（架子）wolf→wolves（狼）thief→thieves（小偷、强盗）life→lives（生命）巧记为：妻子自己用半片树叶和一把刀子结束了藏在架子后面的狼和强盗的生命。
5.以“辅音字母+ o”结尾的名词，多数情况下加-es，photo、piano除外;以“元音字母+ o”结尾的名词一般加-s。
①Negro→Negroesheroe→heroestomato→tomatoespotato →potatoes巧记为：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯②zoo→zoos radio→radios6.改变内部元音或词尾构成复数形式的名词man→menwoman→womenfoot →feettooth →teethchild→children7.表示“某国人”的词变复数时，Chinese、Japanese等单复数形式相同; Englishman、Frenchman是把字母a变成字母e;American、Australian、Canadian、German等是在词尾直接加-s。
