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英汉翻译基础教程练习答案汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配1． a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。
Unit1“创客”指勇于创新，努力将自己的创意变为现实的人。
这个词译自英文单词maker，源于美国麻省理工学院（Massachusetts Institute of Technology）微观装配实验室（fabrication laboratory）的课题。
该课题以客户为中心，以创新为理念，由个人设计、制造满足个人需要的智能设备，参与该课题的学生即“创客”。
在中国，“创客”特指具有创新理念、自主创业的人。
中国的“创客”即包括发明新设备的科技达人，也包括软件开发者、艺术家、设计师等诸多领域的优秀代表。
Chuangke is a term that refers to innovative people who make an effort to turn their cuttingedge ideas into reality. The term is translated from the English word maker, which is derived from the fabrication laboratory project of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US. It is a consumer-centred project, emphasizing innovation and designed to empower individuals to develop and produce smart devices to suit personal needs. The students participating in the project are called “makers”. In China, Chu angke refers to those who start their own businesses with innovative ideas. Chinese makers include tech-savvy people who dedicate themselves to creating new devices and distinguished innovators in various fields, such as software developers, artists and designers.Unit2每年在“世界读书日”这一天（4 月23 日），中国各地都会举办“全民阅读，书香中国”的活动，旨在培养全民阅读的风气（ethos），让更多的人知道阅读不只是知识分子、学生的功课，而且是每个人生活方式的一部分。
汉英翻译第二章选择词汇一、课后练习检查和讲评他说的一套，做的另一套。
教科书译文：He said one thing and did another.李老师认为教科书译文值得商榷。
Dear John,Please paraphrase (explain) the following sentenses:1.His words betray his actions.2.He dose not keep his words in line with his actions.3.When it comes to drive , she has got more than any one of us.thans!Li Tian-xinBoth 1. and 2. have the same meaning, however, the first (His words betray his actions.) is the more common way to express the concept.What this means is that what you say about a given subject iscontradictory to what you do. As an example ... a boy tells a girl thathe loves her, he can't live without her and various other romantic things. Then this same boy is seen with other girls in an intimate setting - maybe eating dinner, maybe going to a movie, and so on. He says that there is only one girl for him but his actionsprove him a liar - his words betray his actions.3. The word 'drive' here means desire, commitment and faithfulness to start and finish a project of any kind. Itcould be learning to swim, graduating from college (a 4-year commitment takes a lot of 'drive' to complete), even studying for an exam requires'drive' from the students who really want to succeed and achieve good things.A paraphrase of 3. then is: She has more faith, commitment and action in every aspect of her life than any of us.John干劲的英文音标：[ gànjìn ]drive; vigour; enthusiasm: 有头脑、干劲和首创精神的青年young men with brains, drive and initiative; 干劲十足be full of vigour; 冲天干劲boundless energy1.We shall want a real Henry Fordeffort .我们需要有一种真正亨利福特的干劲。
第二章汉英翻译基础知识1.探春笑道：“只恐又是你的杜撰。
”宝玉笑道：“除《四书》外，杜撰的太多，偏只我是杜撰不成?”“You're makingthat up, I'm afraid,” teasedTan Chun. “Most works, apart from the FOUR BOOKS, are made up; am I the only one who made thingsup?” he retorte d with a grin.2.贾母笑道：“你不认得他，他是我们这里有名的一个泼皮破落户儿，南省俗谓作‘辣子’，你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。
”“You don't know her, ”said Grandmo ther Jia merrily. “She's a holy terrorthis one. What we used to call in Nanking a ‘pepperc orn’. You just call her ‘Pepperc orn Feng’. She'll know who you mean!” (David Hawkes译)3.贾母笑道：“外客未见，就脱了衣裳，还不去见你妹妹!”With a smile at Pao-yu, the Lady Dowager scolded, “Fancy changin g your clothes beforegreetin g our visitor. Hurry up now and pay your respect s to your cousin.”4.贾母笑道：“可又是胡说，你又何曾见过他?”“You're talking nonsens e again,”said his grandmo ther,laughin g. “How could you possibl y have met her?”5.他是只狡猾的老狐狸。
《汉英翻译教程》第一章词的选择词义的正确选择首先取决于对原文的确切理解，而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。
有些词看起来很简单，翻译时一下子就会想到常用的对应词。
但又是最常用的对应词却不能准确地表达原作的意思。
例如：还要努力读一点历史和小说。
We should also find time to read some history books and novels.这里“努力”一词理解为“挤出时间”是对的，如译为make an effort，则会使人误解为我们文化水平低，读历史和小说很费力。
再比如“水平”一词译成英语，不一定都是level, 要根据句子的含义确定译法。
1．他的英语水平比我的高。
He knows more English than I.这里，汉语“水平”一词虽未译出，但其以已含在句子中。
若照汉语字面应译成：The level of his English is higher than that of mine.就不符合英语表达习惯。
2．要奋发图强，把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平……。
We must work hard to raise to a new height the military and politicalquality of our army…….这里“水平”指高度，故译作height，和动词搭配也比较顺。
3．各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。
Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership.这里的“领导水平”，实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作art of leadership. 以上的例子说明一个词的具体含义往往要结合上下文才能确定，在翻译的时候也只有结合上下文来考虑怎样处理这个词，才能译得准确。
因此在辨析词义和正确选词时可注意下列几种情况。
（一）注意词的广义与狭义英语中有不少同义词的词义有广、狭之区别，运用范围也就各不相同。
1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。
Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。
The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.约翰尼已长大成熟。
不用害怕独自呆在家里了。
Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.4.这封信必须交给威尔逊博士人。
The latter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself.5你觉得什么时候最有可能在家找到他？What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home？6会议上有人建议任命一个是以人委员会来制定新章程。
It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.7 他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。
It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.8亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。
Henry’s works of art are superior in many respects to tho se of his brother’s.9.我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上是由于设备有所改进。
The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.10.她在当地一家银行找到一份当出纳员的工作，但不久便因不称职而被解雇了。
《汉英翻译》复习提纲Chapter oneas close／dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶cast／lay／have an anchor to windward 未雨绸缪范进迎了出去，只见那张乡绅下了轿进来，头带纱帽，……Fan Chin went out to welcome the visitor, who was one of local gentry, and Mr. Chang alighted from the chair and came in. He was we aring an official’s gauze cap…（乌）纱帽an official’s gauze capblue jokes下流的玩笑blue talk下流的言论This was the last straw. I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.我再也无法忍受了。
我当时很年轻，我要在一个女人手下工作，这对我简直是最大的侮辱。
Chapter two军事集团a military bloc反党集团anti-Party clique保税区bonded area消息灵通人士Informative sources or well-informed source持审慎态度With guarded reserve经济全球化economic globalization两岸关系the relationship between the two sidesthe relationship between the two sides of the Taiwan Straitrelations across the Taiwan Strait三个代表Three Represents／the Three R Principles科学发展观the scientific outlook on development中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics 一国两制one country，two systems三资企业three kinds of foreign invested enterprises保税区bonded area海选mass election审美疲劳aesthetic fatigue跳槽job-hop暗箱操作manipulation behind the scene白色收入1egal income灰色收入grey income神舟五号Shenzhou No．5亚健康subhealth排行榜best seller list电子邮件electronic mail草根组织grass-root organization多媒体multimedia按揭贷款mortgage loan短信陷阱令你防不胜防Traps of Short Messages：Hard to Guard Against东北生态岌岌可危The Ecological Crisis in Northeast China夫妻联手解开新的基因奥秘Husband and wife team unlocks new gene secrets妇女正在成为家庭装修能手Women are become experts at home repairs.房屋起火五死四伤Five killed and four hurt in a house fire.严禁非法金融活动，维护经济秩序稳定State eliminates illegal banking挽留北京旧城墙Beijing to fix ancient city wall施罗德将出访美国Shroeder to visit US forging ties with the new Bush举世瞩目的中国农业Chinese Agriculture Attracting Worldwide Attention农民可放心的几件事T he Things That Farmers Needn’t Worry About江泽民在贵州、广西考察扶贫开发工作强调扶贫攻坚战必须打好，务求全胜Jiang: Abolish rural poverty美国不要做干涉他国内政的事情US told to stop its ‘interfering’青海湖二百年内将成为盐湖Qinghai Lake to Become Salty Within 200 Years我国承担的人类基因组“天书”接近完成China to complete draft of 1% Human Genome上千律师义务帮助二战中国劳工打官司Lawyers to help forced laborers无可奉告No comments即将取得进展On the brink of breathrough援引...的话说Be quoted as saying (cited as saying)两栖明星a bi-media star大龄青年：single youth above the normal matrimonial age豆腐渣丁程：bean-curd projects（so named because they are too poor in quality to last out）三角债：chain debts; debt chains单亲家庭single-parent family防病毒软件anti-virus software免提电话hand-free phone生态宜居城市eco-friendly city无人售票车conductor-less bus无烟城市smoke-free city外向型经济export-oriented economy工薪族wage-earners打工族job-seekers; migrant worker刷卡族card-users追星族star-chasers国家发改委副主任张平说跨越式发展是一大亮点。
Unit11) It is wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all social problems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens.我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的。
我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题，因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对这些问题。
2) As time goes on we are inevitably going to get more and more involved in international affairs. And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different views and interests between nations.随着时间的推移，我们不可避免地会越来越多的卷入国际事务。
而冲突必然会发生，因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益。
3) We are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends.我们为我们的成就而骄傲，我们有理由感到骄傲。
但是我们永远不能变的狂妄，不然我们就会失去我们的朋友。
4) Information is now easily available. An average computer can store the information of a small library信息现在唾手可得。
1.然而,如果没有阿道夫·希特勒，那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国。
因为阿道夫·希特勒有着恶魔般的性格、花岗岩般的意志、不可思议的本能、无情的冷酷、杰出的智力、深远的想象力以及对人和对局势的判断力。
这种判断力最后由于权力和胜利冲昏了头脑而自不量力，终于弄巧成拙。
But without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and----until toward the end, when drunk with power and success, he over reached himself----an amazing capacity to size up people and situations, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.2. 应用科学则直接涉及应用问题。
它研究的是如何将纯科学的工作定律应用于实际生活、应用于加强人类对其周围环境的控制，从而导致新技术、新工艺和新机器的产生。
Applied science, on the other hand, is directly concerned with the application of the working laws of pure science to the practical affairs of life, and to increasing man’s control over his environment, thus leading to the development of techniques, processes and machines.3. 一个星期日的傍晚，他正躺在果园里，一面在听画眉鸟的啁啾，一面写一首爱情诗，忽然听得大门砰地关上，接着看见那姑娘从树丛里奔来，后面飞跟着那呆头呆脑的红脸的乔。
名不正则言不顺，言不顺则事If language is incorrect, then what is said does not concord with what was meant; and if what is said does not concord with what was meant, what is to be done cannot be effected.子贡曰：“贫而无谄， Tzu-kung said, "Poor without cadging, rich without swagger. What of that?" The Master said, "Not bad. But better still, 'Poor, yet delighting in the Way, rich, yet a student of ritual.'"是可忍，孰不可忍？ If this can be tolerated, what cannot? 知之为知之，When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge .鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，Lu Hsun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness; this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial peoples长相知才能不相疑，不相疑才能长相知。
Only by being well acquainted with each other can we be free from suspicions, and only without suspicions can we always keep bosom friends with each other.沉默呵，沉默呵Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence!你这是在班门弄斧。
You're showing off your proficiency with an axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.大约胖开了身子 no doubt the elastic fat gentleman had expanded his right side into the space I vacated.路上浮尘早已刮By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clean, and the rickshawquickened his pace. 他身材增加了一倍，先前的紫色的圆，He had grown to twice his former size.his round face,crimson before,had become sallow and acquired deep lines and wrinkles两块肩胛骨高高凸出.and his shoulder blades stuck out so sharply, an inverted V seemed stamped there.于是洗手日Thus—the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands, wears off in the bowl when I eat my meal, and passes away before my daydreaming gaze as I reflect in silence.你别狗咬吕洞宾——不识好人心。
我是好心好意Don’t snap and snarl at me when I’m trying to do my best for you. I give you my advice with the best will in the world and you turn round and lay the blame on me.但我相信那种哀Yet I believe those plaintive silent words must be masterpiece singing the praises of life!虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.宝钗笑道还有象牙I don’t have to ask,”retorted Pao-chai,“One dose not expect ivory from a dog’s mouth贾母笑道外客未见就脱了衣裳还With a smile at Pao-yu, the Lady Dowager scolded, “Fancy changing your clothes before greeting our visitor. Hurry up now and pay your respects to your cousin.”幽默是智慧、学识、机敏的结晶，幽Humor is the crystallization of wit, knowledge, and resourcefulness. It is also indispensable to our work, study ,family ,society ,and life in general.一眼望去，疏疏的林，淡淡是月As one looked into the distance, the sparse trees and pale moon set off the blue sky, offering a view like that at a deserted ferry on a desolate river.这种力使一般人生命力It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself.大红花一朵朵全被拉Each of the great crimson flowers stretched out now into rippling red silk belts. The belts interwove with the dogs, the dogs with the white clouds, and the white clouds with the country girls.去的尽管去了，又怎样地匆匆呢？Those that have gone have gone for good,those to come keep coming ,yet in between,how swift is the shift,in such a rush.他们的拉车姿势Their pulling posture, their adroit bargaining, their shrewd use of short-cuts or circuitous routes are enough to make them relive past glories and turn up their noses at the younger generation.你要是做了陈世美，千人骂万人唾的If you want to be act like Chen Shimei in the play,who abandoned his wife for anther woman ,the people will scorn you and spit in your face.花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不了的大米白面，The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent.水淀里没有一个人影，也躲开鬼No one else was in sight. Only a flock of silky white water-fowl flew off to the north away from the Japanese soldiers, alighting to rest in the shade of big lotus leaves.他依旧保留着他的诚实和朴素。
He kept up his simplicity and honesty,the simplicity and honesty from which I had never swerved in approval and admiration.可秋天又有什么可伤感的呢？秋天 But why gloomy about autumn? Isn't the season of maturity?探春笑道：“只恐又是你的杜撰。
You're making that up, I'm afraid,” teased Tan Chun. “Most works, apart from the FOUR BOOKS, are made up; am I the only one who made things up?” he retorted with a grin.当我对着旧的照片和书信Don't disturb me , my dear, when I get nostalgic over some old photos or letters that bring tears to my eyes or smiles on my lips. 智者千虑，必有一失。
Even the wise are not always free from errors.。
