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1 Monograph专著1. The general definition of a monographScientific treatises of book length but otherwise variable format prepared by acknowledged experts onspecialized topics for the benefit of others who have specialized in. or who wish to obtain a specialist'sappreciation of, these topics.2. The value of monographs for scientific researchesThe value of monographs lies in the coherence and comprehensiveness of the information and knowledge theycontain, which is important to the specialized researchers to whom they are directed and, therefore, to theadvancement of science and engineering generally.3. The qualities of the authors of monographsThe authors of monographs should have exceptional breadth and depth of knowledge, and must be able tocollect, collate, analyze, integrate, and synthesize all relevant contributions to the archival literature of thescientific and engineering journals and to add original material as required.4. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsMonographs generally are written by specialists for the benefit of other specialists. Textbooks are pedagogicalworks which, even if written on fairly narrow subjects, are designed to serve broader and more juniorreaderships than specialized research communities.5. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsConference papers commonly take the form of premature announcements of new scientific discoveries.Conference proceedings generally have a short shelf life.6. The main components of a monographThe author, title and subtitle, date of publication, dust cover or blurb, content pages, bibliography and index,illustrations, preface and introduction.7. An indication of the book’s successThe number of editions is an indic ation of the book’s success.8. The function of the blurbIt gives the reader a rapid overview of the contents and approach. It might also say what the book contains andfor whom it is written.2 Academic Journal学术期刊1. The general definition of an academic journalAn academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academicdiscipline is published.2. The significance of peer-review processThe peer-review process is considered critical to establishing a reliable body of research and knowledge.3. The definition of review articlesReview articles, also called “reviews of progress”, are checks on the research published in journals.4. One difference between original research articles and review articlesUnlike original research articles, review articles tend to be solicited submissions, sometimes planned years inadvance.5. The places where science journals are authoritatively rankedNatural science journals are categorized and ranked in the Science Citation Index, and social science journalsin the Social Science Citation Index.6. The possible quantitative factors to reflect an academic journal’s prestigeThe number of later articles citing articles already published in the journal, the overall number of citations,how quickly articles are cited, and the average “half-life” of articles.7. The financial resources of humanities and social science academic journalsSubsidies by universities or professional organizations and advertising fees by advertisers.8. The role of internet in the production of, and access to, academic journalsThe Internet has revolutionized the production of, and access to, academic journals, with their contentsavailable online via services subscribed to by academic libraries or even in a way of open access. 33 Organization of a Scientific Paper科技论文的篇章结构1. In most scientific journals, scientific papers include the following sectionsSummary or Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments.2. The content of Summary or AbstractIt gives a brief background to the topic, describes concisely the major findings of the paper, and relates thesefindings to the field of study.3. The Introduction section deals with the following two pointsIt describes first the accepted state of knowledge in a specialized field; then it focuses more specifically on aparticular aspect, usually describing a finding or set of findings that led directly to the work described in thepaper.4. The purpose of Materials and MethodsIts purpose is to describe the materials used in the experiments and the methods by which the experimentswere carried out.5. The two ways of organizing ResultsIn some papers, the results are presented without extensive discussion, which is reserved for thefollowingsection. In other papers, results are given, and then they are interpreted, perhaps taken together with otherfindings not in the paper, so as to give the logical basis for later experiments.6. The purposes of the Discussion sectionThe data in the paper are interpreted; the findings of the paper are related to other findings in the field; thisserves to show how the findings contribute to knowledge, or correct the errors of previous work; some of thelogical arguments are often provided when it is necessary to clarify why later experiments were earned out.7. The reason for combining the Results and DiscussionBecause the data need extensive discussion to allow the reader to follow the train of logic developed in thecourse of the research.8. The difference between the abstracts in Science and those in NatureIn Science, the abstract is self-contained; in Nature, the abstract also serves as a brief introduction to the paper.4 Reading a Scientific Paper科技论文的阅读方法1. The order to understand the major points of the work, you should first readThe Abstract.2. Reading the Title and the Abstract serves three purposesFirst, it clarifies whether you in fact know enough background to appreciate the paper. Second, it refreshesyour memory about the topic. Third, it helps you integrate the new information into your previous knowledgeabout the topic.3. When reading in a familiar field, you can skim or even skipThe Introduction.4. The three typical codewordsData not shown, unpublished data, preliminary data.5. The poorly written papers are often related to three types of writersThose who are poor writers; those who do not enjoy writing, and do not take the time or effort to ensure thatthe prose is dear and logical; those who are so familiar with the material that it is difficult to step back and seeit from the point of view of a reader not familiar with the topic.6. The three characteristics of “bad writing”First, the logical connections are often left out. Second, papers are often cluttered with a great deal of jargon.Third, the authors often do not provide a clear roadmap through the paper.7. In better writing, the side issues are dealt with in the following waysThey are relegated to Figure legends or Materials and Methods or clearly identified as side issues, so as not todistract the reader.8. Another problem faced by the readers is that when they seek to understand just the experiment was,they may findThe authors refer back to previous papers; these refer in turn to previous papers m a long chain.。
●1．As the mass of a body is constant．the effect of the increase in applied forceis to increase the velocity．●2．The best way to improve urban air may be to curb the use of cars eventhough modern cars are far cleaner than earlier ones．●3．The free electrons usually do not move in a regular way．●4．Far from increasing the reaction rate，high temperatures decrease it．●5．These pumps are featured by their simple operation，easy maintenance anddurable service．●6．Only when a rocket attains a speed of 18，000 odd miles per hour can itput a manmade satellite in orbit．●7．From just the entrance，in the southern part of the bay，up to a secondslack water area，about midway up the bay，tidal currents are ebbing．●8．But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited，and it iseven possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”．the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials．●9．The dataset consists of twice daily 500-hPa height analyses from the U.S.National Meteorological Center for the 20 winters 1962/1963 through 1981/1982．●10．The chain reaction must be carefully controlled．This is done byabsorbing excess neutrons in boron control rods．The heat is transferred by circulating carbon dioxide gas．The hot gas is used to produce steam．The whole assembly is called a nuclear reactor．。
第一章概论一、科技英语翻译的标准准确规范，通顺易懂, 简洁明晰。
准确规范Samples 1We shall mention here two temperature scales, namely, the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale.Oil and gas will continue to be our chief source of fuel.Three of Archimedes’s extant works are devoted to plane geometry.Translate by yourself 1:1．The power plant is the heart of a ship.发电设备是船只的核心。
2．The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.驱动这些机器的动力装置是一个50马力的发动机。
3．The largest and most expensive products can not, because of their size, be testable in the factory.这个大型又昂贵的产品由于它的型号问题不能在这间工厂里测试，通顺易懂Samples 2A more common way of joining these metal pieces together is to weld them.Molten salts range from ideally ionic fluids to molecular melts and liquid.These compressors have proved themselves useful in a variety of ways in installations where large volumes of air or other gases are compressed.Translate by yourself 2:1．Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.被称为晶体管的半导体装置正在许多应用中取代电子管。
第二单元能源课文A替代能源的前景美国能源部(DOE)预测，美国居民所使用的能源将在2025年前增加25%。
增加的电能中将有一小部分来源于再生能源(如风、阳光、水、地热)，而且这部分还会不断增大。
美国能源部称，去年全国能源供应总量中有6%来自于替代能源。
“未来属于再生能源，”美国太阳能协会执行主席布拉德·柯林斯说。
该协会是一个非赢利性质的组织，总部设在科罗拉多州的博尔德。
柯林斯还说：“虽然科学家和行业专家对于世界石油和天然气究竟还能供应多久这一问题仍有争议，但可以确定的是这些能源的供应终究要枯竭的。
”较之传统方法生产的能源，再生能源虽然普遍昂贵一些，但是，这些替代能源有利于减少污染，节省矿物燃料。
位于科罗拉多戈尔登市的美国能源部国家再生能源实验室(NREL)的高级工程师保罗·托斯理尼说：“有时人们考虑的只是节省成本的问题。
但它也是一个价值观的问题和我们应当把钱花在哪的问题。
”下面让我们看看再生能源技术的最新开发成果。
太阳能光电（或太阳能发电）系统的原理是将从太阳辐射中获得的光能转变成电力。
现在，小到家用电器，大到办公楼的电气设备，都可以利用太阳能发电。
科技的进步降低了太阳能发电设备的成本。
美国太阳能协会执行主席柯林斯说，20世纪80年代，通过光电器件获取的能源其平均价格为每千瓦时95美分，而现在这个价格已降低到约20美分。
据美国能源部《能源年刊》报道，既使是这一比较低廉的价格仍然大大高于全国平均电价，2003年的电价平均仅为每千瓦时8美分多一点。
其他的先进技术还包括“薄膜”光电技术，这是一种高科技涂层，它可以将任何表层贴有这种薄膜的物体转变太阳能电源。
使用这种薄膜的船只和娱乐用车现在已经上市。
工程师还将这种可以发电的薄膜覆盖在屋顶材料上。
托斯理尼说：“人们在安装屋顶的同时也安装了太阳能板。
”这种材料能抵抗恶劣天气，在晴天吸收太阳光发电。
同时，国家再生能源实验室正在研制开发更加廉价高效的太阳能发电系统。
替代能源的前景据美国能源部预测，至2025年美国的家用耗电将增加百分之二十五，增加的电量中将有一小部分来源于再生能源（如风、阳光、水、地热），而且这部分还会不断增大。
据美国能源部统计，去年替代能源的供电比例占百分之六。
美国太阳能协会（该协会是一个位于科罗拉多州博德市的非盈利性组织）的主管布拉德•柯林斯说：“未来属于可再生能源。
尽管就世界石油和天然气可以持续多久，科学家和工业专家可能有不同观点，但是油气资源终将耗尽。
”尽管可再生能源通常比传统能源更昂贵，但是替代能源有助于减少污染、保护矿物燃料。
美国能源部国家再生能源实验室（位于科罗拉多州戈尔登市）的一位高级工程师保罗•陶塞列尼说：“有时人们考虑的只是节省成本的问题，但是这可能是一个价值观念的问题，一个我们把钱用于何处的问题。
”接下来我们一起了解关于可再生能源技术的新发展太阳能光电系统获取太阳光线的光能并将其转化成电。
现在这些太阳能设备可以为各种建筑供电，小到家庭大到办公楼。
技术进步使得光电设备更加划算。
20世纪80年代，光电系统供电的平均价格为每千瓦时95美分；而根据美国太阳能协会的统计，如今这一价格已降至每千瓦时20美分左右。
即使略微便宜的光电价格仍然高于全国电价的平均价格，据美国能源部发行的《能源周刊》统计，2003年每千瓦时的电价均价略高于8美分。
其他最新的发展包括薄膜光电技术，这种高科技的涂层能够将任何覆盖此类薄膜的表面转化成一种光电电源。
使用这种薄膜技术的轮船和娱乐用车目前已上市销售。
工程师们也研究出一种涂有发电薄膜的屋顶材料，这种屋顶材料耐严寒，而且在阳光明媚的时候可以利用太阳光发电。
与此同时，美国可再生能源实验室的研究人员正在研发更为高效、价格更低的光电系统。
目前市场上大多数传统光电设备可以将百分之十一至百分之十三的太阳光转化成能量，工程师们认为可以提高这一比例。
华盛顿地区的一位光电工程师杰夫•梅泽说现在的多数薄膜光电系统的效能等级为百分之七至百分之十一。
![实用科技英语翻译 UNIT TWO[10页]](https://uimg.taocdn.com/f197221ffd4ffe4733687e21af45b307e871f9ac.webp)
The concept of information management has been around for a decade or two，but as a subject is amorphous ，and seemingly incapable of clear definition。
At the present time there is no organized body of knowledge on which any educational discipline can be based，and this undoubtedly slows down markedly the rate at which the subject can develop。
Information management means different things to different people。
In the USA，it is closely associated with the emerging discipline of information resource management and information resources management。
The latter relates to all the resources required to manage information，as opposed to the former，which is concerned solely the cause of information management by a politically motivated listener to one of my lectures who maintained that what I was actually promoting was "information manipulation＂！I a very recent survey commissioned by ASLIB，Dr。
1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
Text A更上一层楼——纳米技术用于癌症治疗1 在2004年9月，美国国家癌症研究所宣布了一个重大举措，给这场古老而顽强的战斗注入了新的活力。
这个被称为国家癌症研究所癌症纳米技术联盟将在未来5年投资一亿四千四百三十万美元使得纳米技术能开辟一个全新、有效的诊断及治疗癌症的途径。
这是一个资金雄厚的标志，也显示出人们对纳米技术治疗癌症的关注程度已上升到最高层的政府层面，在抗击癌症之战几乎陷入停顿之时，它来得正是时候。
与近来死亡率处于下降趋势的心脏病和中风不同，自从二十世纪五十年代起，癌症的死亡率变化不大。
2 纳米技术，广义上指在0.1～100纳米（即十亿分之一米）尺度上对装置结构的工程设计技术。
这个技术对于癌症的发现和治疗具有广阔前景，原因有二：大小及功能。
纳米大小的装置，也就是我们通常所指的纳米颗粒，能小到穿过血流直达肿瘤。
这种纳米装置可以设计用来靶向并进入肿瘤细胞。
一旦进入，它们就可以携带提高癌症检测的制剂及癌症治疗的药物或基因等许多有效载荷。
“如果你想将许多功能打包成能穿过血流的某样东西，你只能选择纳米颗粒。
”毛罗?法拉里说，他是一位哥伦布市俄亥俄洲立大学的一名癌症纳米技术专家，同时也是国家癌症研究所的顾问。
“在我脑海里，任何在将来能对癌症产生影响的都会含有纳米成分。
”3 仔细查看在癌症医药领域有这么一条原则：你发现诊治得越早，就更有机会获得良好而持久的效果。
其中一位将纳米技术体现于这一原则的研究人员就是在韩国首尔YonseiUniversity工作的化学家jinwoocheon。
他一直在氧化铁中提取纳米颗粒，目的是使磁共振成像能识别出比现在发现的肿瘤更小的肿瘤。
4 在磁共振成像中，磁铁改变了氢质子的自旋，在氢质子回复到初始的自旋状态的过程中，它们发射出无线电信号。
身体不同部位组织质子回复的速度不同，计算机就能将这些不同收集起来绘制成器官图像。
诸如氧化铁晶体等具有磁性的纳米颗粒比无磁性的颗粒能更快地引导氢质子回到初始的自旋状态。
科技英语翻译范文因为有了科技的存在，使得我们的生活更加地便利，让我们来赏析它的英语范文。
下面是给大家整理的科技英语范文带翻译，供大家参阅!科技英语范文带翻译1As is vividly depicted by the picture above, a traveler happily starts his journey by high-speed railway from Guangzhou to Wuhan. In the year of 2009, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway went into operation, reducing travelling time from 12 hours to 3 hours, bringing much convenience to the transportation between the two cities①. No wonder the caption in the picture says “with the Wu-Guang high-speed railway, cities far away is just like a place nearby”.Science and technology are the primary productive forces ②and have been playing a key role in the national economy development. On the one hand, progress in science and technology has promoted economic and social progress greatly. Take the high-speed railway as an example. Firstly, the railway becomes a new engine③of booming of regional economic. Secondly, the railway helps to attract a lot oftourists, so that tourism in these cities flourishes. Last but not the least, the load of the existing transportation network can be released to a great extent. On the other hand, with the development of science and technology, such as the operation of high-speed transportation, video phone, webcam meeting, the world has become smaller and smaller.It has long been a tradition for Chinese government to attach great importance to the advances④in science and technology. Science and technology has successfully shaped an entirely new image of China on global stage via the two grand world events, 2008 Olympic Games and 2010 Shanghai World Expo. It is strongly advised that young people should devote themselves into the study of science and technology for “better city, better life”.佳作妙译如上图所示,一位旅客从广州踏上了去往武汉的高速铁路.2009年,武广高铁正式建成通车,将两地之间的行程从12小时缩短到3小时,极大地方便了两地的交通.难怪这幅漫画上写道“有了武广高铁,每个城市都在家门口”.科技是第一生产力,在国民经济发展中扮演着重要角色.一方面,科技的进步促进了经济社会的快速进步.高速铁路就是鲜活的例子.首先这条铁路成为地区经济发展新的引擎.其次铁路吸引了大量游客,这些城市的旅游业随之繁荣起来.再次这条铁路很大程度上缓解了现有线路的运输压力.另一方面,随着科技的发展,高速铁路,视频电话,视频会议等应用会越来越多,世界将变得越来越小.中国政府一直很重视科技的发展,通过2008北京奥运会和2010上海世博两件盛事,科技成功地重塑了中国在世界舞台上的国际形象.因此青少年要怀着“城市,让生活更美好”的信念,积极投身到对科技文化知识的学习上.科技英语范文带翻译2Modern technology makes life more convenient; tools are the milestores of the technology as well as human being’ s progress.Men used to cut trees with hand saw. But now, by using electronic saw they can cut down a tree in only a few minutes. Another example is more vivid: You have something urgent which has to be informed to your friend whose house is two hour’s ride away. You probably want to make a phone call. But no telephone is installed in your friend’ s home. What could you do? Nowadays, with modern technology advanting, using internet is popular with us. Some years ago, people had to get what they wanted through looking into a lot of information; at last people could become tired and spent too much time. Now, if you use Internet, all becomes a piece of cake. Only by clucking, you will gain whatyou expect.We all hope that modern technology will reach a higher level, because modern technology makes life more convenient indeed.[参考译文]现代科技使生活更加便捷现代科技使生活更加便捷;工具是科技进步和人类进步的里程碑.人类过去用手锯锯树,但是现在,用电锯可在几分钟内锯倒一棵树.另外一个例子更加生动形象：如果你有急事通知你的朋友,而他家距你家有2小时的路程,你可能想打个电话.但是你的朋友家又没安电话,你该怎么办?如今,随着现代科技的进步,使用网络已很流行.若干年前,人们不得不查找大量资料来搜集需要的信息,最后人累得疲惫不堪,还浪费了大量时间.现在,如果使用网络,一切就都是小菜一碟了.只要轻敲键盘,就会有求必应.我们都期待着现代科技能达到一个更高的水平,因为现代科技确实使生活变得更便捷.科技英语范文The development of science and technology makes our life more comfortable and convenient. However, scientists have created many problems, which are not easy to be resolved, such as air pollution, the deterioration of environment and the scarcity of natural resources, to which we must some solutions.Modern science and technology render people many advantages. Modern telecommunication shortens the distance between people and makes communication much easier. Internet is widely used now not only for collection of abundant information but also for correspondence. Email, the most effective communication device now, is becoming very popular. Besides, telephone and mobile phone make contact more convenient than before.Modern transportation, such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey smooth and fast. With the help of modern transportation, people can go everywhere they prefer to. The journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any more. Rockets and space shuttles can help us realize the dream of space travel.Modern medicine prolongs peoples life and relieves patients of sufferings from many diseases. Cancer and AIDS are fatal to peoples health. Thanks to the endeavors scientists have made, these diseases become treatable.However, the process of scientific development also arouses many sever problems to our human beings. Internet, though widely used in modern communication, is easy to be destroyed by computer virus. Outer space exploration hasproduced much waste in the space. A tiny metal, a screw, for example can destroy a flying man-made satellite. Industrialization is making natural resources become scarce.Confronted with these problems, scientists are seeking prompt and feasible solutions. The development of science and technology bring about both positive and negative effects to us. We must eliminate the positive effects to the least extent.。
重点词汇：1. +component f分量；元件；部分，组件alternating component 交变部分arc component 弧变量cell component 细胞成分condenser component 容抗2. transmit 传输，传送，发射，播送Parents transmit some of their characteristics to their children.父母把一些特有的素质遗传给儿女。
Iron transmits heat. 铁传热。
3.store 储藏，商店，积蓄a store of knowledge 丰富的知识a grocery store 杂货店a general store 百货店chain store （美）联营商店picture signal store 图像信号存储4. voltage 电压，伏特The voltage on the line is 300 volts. 线路电压为300伏特。
5. percentage 百分率，百分比percentage of accuracy 准确度百分数percentage of damage 损失百分率percentage of moisture 含水率A large percentage of the crop has spoiled. 大部分庄家被毁坏。
6. convert 变换，转换，转化That building has been converted into a school.那座楼房改成学校了。
At what rate does the dollar convert into pounds? 美元以什么汇率兑换成英镑？7．substation 变电所auxiliary substation 辅助变电所distributing substation 配电变电站house substation 厂用[专用]变电所primary substation 一次变电所8. clad 敷层，覆盖层，包覆金属，被覆盖的copper clad 包铜的，铜包的，敷铜箔的iron clad铠装的，装甲的，metal clad 包铁的，铠装的an iron clad vessel 装甲舰steel clad 钢片衬9. insulator 绝缘体，绝缘器high-voltage porcelain insulator 高压瓷绝缘子refractory thermal insulator 耐火绝缘体sound insulator隔音材料，隔音器heat insulator 隔热材料，保温材料，热绝缘器10. installation 装置hydroelectric installation 水电站，水力发电装置power installation 电力装置，电力站sanitary installation 卫生装置，卫生设备servicing installation 维修设备11. supplementary 附加的，补充的supplementary story （新闻的）补充消息supplementary reading 辅助阅读（材料）supplementary angle 补角The new students received supplementary instruction. 新生接受补课。
