【免费下载】新编汉英翻译教程 第二版第二章 汉英翻译基础知识
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英汉翻译课程教学大纲一、课程的目的和任务《英汉翻译教程》和《汉英翻译教程》的教学目的和任务是,从英译汉和汉译英的一般规律和原则出发,围绕翻译的基本理论、英汉异同的对比以及翻译实践中成功或失败的实例,介绍汉英两种语言的对比与分析、各类文体的语言特点以及不同翻译方法,向学生传授基本的翻译理论和常用方法、技巧,通过反复实践培养学生汉英翻译基本技能。
通过学习,学生能够熟练地运用已掌握的英语基本语法和词汇等知识,忠实、准确、通顺、完整地将汉语句子、段落和短文译成英语,并对文化差异有着较强的敏感性,能够较好地处理英汉互译中具有民族特色的形象、比喻等,胜任一般性的政治、经济、文化、科技、应用文等的翻译工作。
同时,还要注重培养学生严谨的学风,避免不求甚解、逐词死译和望文生义。
适当补充口译实践,训练学生在政治、经济、文化等方面的能力,并提高学生的政策水平和涉外工作能力。
二、课程的基本要求《英汉翻译教程》和《汉英翻译教程》课程的教学分为翻译方法和技巧训练阶段和短文翻译两个阶段,其分别要求是:1、翻译方法和技巧训练阶段的基本要求:(1)、词汇:掌握10000-12000 个词汇以及这些单词构成的常用词组;正确而熟练地使用其中5000-6000 个词汇及最常用的搭配,能够运用到汉英互译中。
(2)语法:熟练地使用各种衔接手段,连贯地表达思想,侧重语法结构在翻译过程中的理解和应用。
(3)阅读能力:能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评,理解文章大意,分辨事实与细节;能读懂有一定难度的历史传记及文学作品,理解其真实含义;能分析上述题材文章的思想观点,语篇结构,语言特点和修辞手法。
(4)翻译能力:能借词典将文字资料译成理解正确、表达准确、译文连贯通顺具一定修辞手段的规范语句,写译的速度达到每小时250-300 词。
2. 短文翻译阶段的基本要求:(1)词汇1在基础翻译阶段所掌握的词汇量和一定的习语后,要涉猎、学习、掌握和运用政治、经济、文化、科技等方面的一般性词语。
英汉翻译基础教程练习答案汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配1. a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。
第一章绪论1.1 翻译的性质和分类1. 翻译的定义:Definition of translation翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。
翻译的本质是释义,是意义的转换。
2. 翻译的分类:Classification of translation按文本而言,分为文学翻译、科级翻译、应用文翻译就方式而言,分为全译、摘译、编译。
全译:全文照译,全译是翻译的最基本方式,它是翻译的基础。
摘译:根据特定目的的摘取、翻译原文中的部分内用,以利译文读者更方便,更快捷的获取原文文献主要信息的方式。
编译:则是“编辑”和“”翻译的结合。
3.翻译活动涉及的因素:Factors involved in translation activities译者:translator, 作者:author, 原文: source text,原文读者: source-text readers译文:target text/translated text/target version, 译文读者: target-text readers1.2 汉英翻译的单位----句子C-E Translation Unit句子:句子是用词或词组构成的一个能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位。
每个句子都有一定的语调,表示陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等语气。
在连续说话时,句子和句子中间有一个较大的停顿。
在书面上,句子的停顿处,要根据不同的语调分别用句号、问号火感叹号。
(定义来自《汉语大辞典》)从意义上讲,句子能够表示一个完整的意思从功能上讲,句子表示陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等语气从形态上讲,句末有句号、问号或感叹号为标志因此,句子是较为理想的翻译单位。
1.3 汉英翻译的标准Standards for C-E TranslationChinese translation standards1.严复的标准信:faithfulness 指准确的传达原文的内容,即信于读者和作者,不允许对原作有任何歪曲或篡改,译作不容许有任何遗漏和省略。
新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇第2版考研练习题库陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》(第2版)配套题库(含考研真题)目录第1章绪论第2章汉英翻译基础知识第3章词语的英译3.1 词语指称意义和蕴含意义的确定3.2 词语英译与文化环境3.3 “假朋友”的识别3.4 成语和四字格的英译第4章句子的英译4.1 主语的确定4.2 谓语的确定与主谓一致问题4.3 语序的调整4.4 否定句的英译4.5 句子功能的再现第5章句群与段落的英译5.1 句群内的衔接与连贯5.2 段落翻译第6章篇章的英译6.1 广告文本的英译6.2 新闻文本的英译6.3 科技文本的英译6.4 说明性文本的英译6.5 歌词文本的英译6.6 文学文本的英译•试看部分内容绪论Ⅰ. 填空题1. 按照文本类型来分,翻译可分为_____、_____、_____、_____。
【答案】文学翻译;科技翻译;新闻翻译;应用文翻译查看答案【解析】根据书中所述,文本的类型概括起来有小说、诗歌、戏剧等文学文本,科技报告、科技论文等科技文本,新闻报道、通讯、社论、特写等新闻文本,广告、合同、产品说明书等应用文本。
2. 就翻译方式而言,主要有_____、_____、_____,其中_____是翻译最基本的方式。
【答案】全译;摘译;编译;全译查看答案【解析】全译,指全文翻译,为翻译最基本的方式。
摘译,指根据特定目的,选取、翻译原文的一部分,从而使译入语读者更快地获得所需源语文本中的信息。
编译为“编辑”和“翻译”的结合。
3. 汉语和英语均具有的语言层级为_____、_____、_____、_____、_____。
【答案】词;短语;句子;段落;篇章查看答案【解析】翻译单位是翻译研究和学习翻译不可忽视的问题,因为涉及到两种语言在什么层级上进行转换的问题。
汉英两种语言均有的语言层级为词(wo rd)、短语(ph rase)、句子(sen tence)、段落(p aragraph)和篇章(text)。
【免费下载】新编汉英翻译教程第二版第二章汉英翻译基础知识第二章汉英翻译基础知识1.探春笑道:“只恐又是你的杜撰。
”宝玉笑道:“除《四书》外,杜撰的太多,偏只我是杜撰不成?”“You're making that up, I'm afraid,” teased Tan Chun. “Most works, apart from the FOUR BOOKS, are made up; am I the only one who made things up?” he retorted with a grin. 2.贾母笑道:“你不认得他,他是我们这里有名的一个泼皮破落户儿,南省俗谓作‘辣子’,你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。
”“You don't know her, ”said Grandmother Jia merrily. “She's a holy terror this one. What we used to call in Nanking a ‘peppercorn ’. You just call her ‘Peppercorn Feng ’. She'll know who you mean!” (David Hawkes 译)3.贾母笑道:“外客未见,就脱了衣裳,还不去见你妹妹!”With a smile at Pao-yu, the Lady Dowager scolded, “Fancy changing your clothes before greeting our visitor. Hurry up now and pay your re spects to your cousin.”4.贾母笑道:“可又是胡说,你又何曾见过他?”、管路敷设技术通过管线敷设技术,不仅可以解决吊顶层配置不规范问题,而且可保障各类管路习题到位。
在管路敷设过程中,要加强看护关于管路高中资料试卷连接管口处理高中资料试卷弯扁度固定盒位置保护层防腐跨接地线弯曲半径标高等,要求技术交底。
英汉翻译教程张培基第一讲翻译原则简介一、教学目的:了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程:1.翻译的定义和内涵:(Definition and Connotation)Translation is an art/ science/craft?2.中国几位翻译家的理论(influential translation principles):严复:信达雅--- faithfulness/expressiveness/eleganc e. The “three character guide” is regarded as a plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.傅雷:神似---spiritual conformity. Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original.强调原作神韵再现。
钱钟书:化境---sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.刘重德:信、达、切---faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3.中国翻译史上的论争:鲁迅:宁信而不顺---rather to be faithful than smooth。
目的:引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信---rather to be smooth than faithful 目的:可读性强,便于交流。
4.直译与意译:直译---literal translation 意译:free translation直译的例子:crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth武装到牙齿; chain reaction连锁反应; gentlemen’s agreement君子协定; one country, two systems 一国两制;The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流; paper tiger 纸老虎; Breath one’s last---断气; go to one’s external rest---安息; the long sleep---长眠; see Marx 见马克思;Go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂; blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡kick the bucket 蹬腿: You can kick everything but you can not kick the bucket直译不等于死译(dead translation):街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生:Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning.“In the street” should be replaced by “in the community”.她一大早起床,进城,见到了她的公爹:She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father. Public father should be father in law.意译的例子:It rains cats and dogs / at sixes and sevens /Adam’s apple句子比较:Little fish does not eat big fish直译:小鱼不吃大鱼意译:胳膊拧不过大腿试译:天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福:直译:Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight.意译:The weather and human life are both unpredictable有人说,翻译是带着镣铐跳舞(translation is like dancing in fetters);还有人说,翻译像女人,忠实的不漂亮,漂亮的不忠实。
第二章汉英翻译基础知识1.探春笑道:“只恐又是你的杜撰。
”宝玉笑道:“除《四书》外,杜撰的太多,偏只我是杜撰不成?”“You're making that up, I'm afraid,”teased Tan Chun. “Most works, apart from the FOUR BOOKS, are made up; am I the only one who made things up?” he retorted with a grin.2.贾母笑道:“你不认得他,他是我们这里有名的一个泼皮破落户儿,南省俗谓作‘辣子’,你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。
”“You don't know her, ”said Grandmother Jia merrily. “She's a holy terror this one. What we used to call in Nanking a ‘peppercorn’. You just call her ‘Peppercorn Feng’. She'll know who you mean!” (David Hawkes 译)3.贾母笑道:“外客未见,就脱了衣裳,还不去见你妹妹!”With a smile at Pao-yu, the Lady Dowager scolded, “Fancy changing your clothes before greeting our visitor. Hurry up now and pay your respects to your cousin.”4.贾母笑道:“可又是胡说,你又何曾见过他?”“You're talking nonsense again,”said his grandmother, laughing. “How could you possibly have met her?”5.他是只狡猾的老狐狸。
He is an old fox.6.他们的拉车姿势,讲价时的那随机应变,走路时的抄近绕远,都足以使他们想起过去的光荣,而且用鼻翅扇着那些后起之辈。
”Their pulling posture, their adroit bargaining, their shrewd use of short-cuts or circuitous routes are enough to make them relive past glories and turn up their noses at the younger generation.7.那本书的作者似乎没有自己的观点,书里都是人云亦云的东西。
That book, whose author doesn't seem to have his own viewpoints, is full of parrot-learned knowledge.8.岛之西南海边,有一块巨大的岩石,(中空),人可穿行其间At the southwest end of the islet, there is a huge rock with a big hole in the center through Which people Can walk to and fro.9.全岛6300户(人家),共有200多架钢琴。
Of 6300 households on the islet, more than 200 have a piano at home.10.①我常见许多青年的朋友,②聪明用功,③成绩优异,④而语文程度不足以达意,⑤甚至写一封信亦难得通顺,⑥问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面。
I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends (who) have done exceedingly well in their studies, but are rather weak in Chinese. (They) cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese. (When I) asked them why, (they) said they were not interested in the Chinese language.11.爸爸妈妈,你们也买个钱罐存钱吧。
你们没钱用了罐子就会把肚肚里的钱掏出来给你们的。
Daddy, Mummy, please buy a piggie for yourselves. When you have no more money, the piggie will open its tummy and give you money.12.这幅画是一部用思考和修养完成的杰作,它既有历史感又有现代艺术语言的独特性。
The painting is a masterpiece reflecting deep insight and artistic attainments; it expresses a sense of history by using specific modern artistic vocabulary.13.稍稍能安慰我们的,是在那石上有一个不大不小的坑凹儿,雨天就盛满了水。
The only thing had interested us in the ugly stone was a little pit on top of it , which was filled with water on rainy days.14.这种力,使一般人看不见的生命力,只要生命存在,这种力就要显现,……It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself.15.一路上吃了半斤炒栗子,睡了一会儿觉,就到了北京。
We ate half a jin of roast chestnuts, had a nap and soon arrived in Beijing.16.还是从火车上说起吧!I'll begin from the time when I was on the train.17.①我仍旧站在那颗柿子树下,望着树梢上那个孤零零的小火柿子。
②它那红得透亮的色泽,依然给人一种喜盈盈的感觉。
③可是我却哭了。
④哭那陌生的,但却疼爱我的卖灶糖的老汉。
①I stood under the persimmon tree, looking at the lone little persimmon.② Its flaming redness was a joyous sight, but I cried for the strange old candy peddler who had been so fond of me.18.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。
(对偶)Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.19.燕子去了,有再来的时候;杨树枯了,有再青的时候;桃花谢了,有再开的时候。
但是,聪明的,你告诉我,我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?(排比)Swallows fly away, yet return; willows wither, yet burgeon again; peach-blossom fades, yet blooms afresh. But tell me, you who are wise, why do our days depart never to return?20.大红花一朵朵全被拉长了,这时是泼刺奔进的红锦带。
带织入狗中,狗织入白云中。
白云织入村女中……Each of the great crimson flowers stretched out now into rippling red silk belts. The belts interwove with the dogs, the dogs with the white clouds, and the white clouds with the country girls.21.我为人人,人人为我。
One for all, all for one22.人不犯我,我不犯人。
We will not attack unless we are attacked.23.长相知才能不相疑,不相疑才能长相知。
Only by being well acquainted with each other can we be free from suspicions, and only without suspicions can we always keep bosom friends with each other.24.①一年,两年,三年,你的望眼将穿,②一年,两年,三年,我的归心似箭。
Year in year out you've been looking forward with eager expectation to my home-coming;year in year out I've been looking forward with great anxiety to returning home.25.普之仁领我穿着茶花走,指点着告诉我这叫大玛瑙,那叫雪狮子,这是蝶翅,那是大紫袍,名目花色多得很。
后来他攀着一株茶树的小干枝说:“这叫童子面,花期迟,刚打着朵,开起来颜色深红,倒是最好看的。
”Taking me through the groves of camellias , Pu Zhiren told me the names of different varieties : Giant Agate,Butterfly wing, Giant Purple Robe and many others. Then, taking hold of a small branch of a camellia tree, he said, “This is Baby Face . As it blooms late, it's only just in bud. With deep red blossoms, it's really most beautiful.”26.改革开放以来,中国的迅速发展使世人为之惊叹。