“迷惘的一代”真正内涵

《太阳照常升起》中“迷惘的一代”摘要:厄内斯特。

海明威在《太阳照常升起》着重描写第一次世界大战后这代人的心理，这是一个内心探索的过程，是一个在现实中挣扎的灵魂的独白。

小说中的人物经历了极大的痛苦和折磨，最终寻找到了精神和感情的出口，坚强地从历史带给他们的伤害中站起来，走向新的生活和希望。

这正是“迷惘的一代”的真正内涵。

“迷惘的一代”（the Lost Generation）泛指第一次世界大战后的一代人，也特指出生在1900年前后并于第一次世界大战后登上文坛的一代美国作家。

他们的作品集中反映了一战后青年厌恶战争同时又因失去方向而痛苦迷惘的心理，是现代主义初期青年文化反叛的一部分。

但他们并没有形成统一的文学流派，而是各自保留自己的独立风格。

这一代人的迷惘是因为他们的传统民主自由的价值观与战后的世界格格不入，加之受美国政府推行的“恢复常态”政策影响，使这些青年感到美国冷酷无情，只重实际利益，从而使这些青年与美国在精神上疏远起来。

海明威从参加第一次世界大战归来后的1919年开始从事文学创作，1926年发表了成名作、第一部长篇小说《太阳照常升起》。

在这部小说的扉页，海明威引用美国“意象派”作家格特鲁德·斯坦因对他说的一句话作为题词：“你们都是迷惘的一代。

” 小说因此被视为“迷惘的一代”——无论是作为文学流派的，还是作为一代战争受害者的宣言书，海明威也因此成为“迷惘的一代”的代言人。

《太阳照常升起》以第一次世界大战为背景，描写了战后一群青年流落在巴黎的生活情景。

表达了当时的青年一代的幻灭感以及对传统道德观念的反叛精神和强烈的反战情绪。

他们都不同程度地在身体上、精神上、道德上、心理上受到战争的损伤和摧残，他们没有精神支柱，没有奋斗的目标，表面上寻欢作乐，内心却隐藏着深刻的悲哀。

他们对战争极端厌恶，对传统价值观念产生怀疑，对生活感到厌倦、迷惘和懊丧,无法在一个信仰失落的时代保持他们在精神上的平衡. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only-eighth of it being above water.但是因为海明威的冰山原则，所以我们只看到那些迷惘、失落、悲观、孤独而无助的灵魂在现实的世界里苦苦挣扎，只看到他们在奢靡的生活中放纵自我、麻醉自我。

“迷惘的一代”与海明威“迷惘的一代”是美国文学史上一个重要的文学流派，它产生于二十世纪二十年代，反映了一战后人们尤其是青年一代对战争的愤恨和对现实的不满。

第一次世界大战爆发时，许多青年受到政治口号宣传的影响，把战争看做一种神圣而浪漫的职业，于是纷纷兴致勃勃地报名参军。

在战争期间，他们亲眼目睹了战争的残酷与野蛮，海明威的著名作品《永别了，武器》中的主人公亨利曾有这样一段内心独白：“什么神圣，光荣，牺牲这些空泛的字眼，我一听就害臊，事物也没什么光荣，至于牺牲，那就好比芝加哥的屠宰场，所不同的是把肉拿来埋葬罢了。

”①这时他们方才醒悟到战争并不像他们想象中的那般伟大，于是他们开始反叛，开始愤世嫉俗，战争摧毁了他们的精神支柱，使他们对前途失去了信心，迷失了方向，茫然不知所措，他们通过写作的方式表达这种情绪，宣泄不满，形成了美国文学史上别具一格的“迷惘的一代”。

海明威作为“迷惘的一代”的杰出代表和领军人物，曾经两次参加世界大战，这其中除了人们普遍关注的社会现实因素外，他的性格也是其中一个重要原因。

海明威于1899年7月21日出生于美国芝加哥郊外的一个小镇，父亲是名医生，他非常鼓励海明威参加各种户外活动，经常带儿子去钓鱼和打猎，海明威3岁生日时，父亲便送给他一根钓鱼竿；10岁生日时又送给他一支比他本人高一头的猎枪。

由此，我们不难想象，海明威在这样的培养下会形成什么样的性格。

同时，海明威还参加拳击训练，他的对手是一名职业拳击家，经常被打得鼻青脸肿，尽管这样，他仍然坚持训练，后来有一次，他的左眼被击中，造成了终生残疾。

然而，在这些身体的痛苦面前海明威从不畏惧，他从小就形成了这样坚强、刚毅的性格和铁一般的意志。

海明威这样的性格决定了他不会过平淡无奇的生活，第一次世界大战爆发后，他积极报名参军，由于眼疾而未能如愿，之后，他又参加志愿救援队，在红十字会车队担任司机，有一次他开车在意大利北部和敌人相遇，双方展开战斗，海明威受重伤，以致经过十三次手术也未能痊愈，仍有两百多块弹片留在他身上，成为战争留在他身上永久的纪念，也给他的身体留下了无尽的伤痛。

迷惘的一代名词解释迷惘的一代是一个社会学概念，源自于美国作家欧内斯特·海明威在他的小说《失落的一代》中描述的一群人。

迷惘的一代指的是出生于第一次世界大战之后，成长于20世纪二三十年代之间的一代人，也就是1918年至1934年间出生的人群。

迷惘的一代成长的时代被认为是一个充满不确定性和混乱的时期。

他们的童年经历了第一次世界大战的战火蹂躏，成年后又经历了世界经济大萧条和第二次世界大战。

这些战争和经济危机带来了重大的社会变革和文化冲击，迷惘的一代经历了一个失去信念和方向的时代。

迷惘的一代具有以下几个特点：1. 失去信仰和价值观：迷惘的一代在经历了战争和危机的洗礼后，开始怀疑传统价值和信仰体系，他们对传统的道德准则和宗教信仰持怀疑态度，对现有社会秩序心生不满。

2. 文化焦虑：迷惘的一代对传统文化和社会观念持怀疑态度，他们对文化的发展和社会进步感到焦虑和困惑。

他们对传统的文化和审美标准感到迷茫，追求新的体验和价值观。

3. 自我反思：迷惘的一代非常重视自我反思和自省，他们试图找到个人存在的意义和价值。

他们经常陷入深思熟虑和感性的状态，对自己的内心世界进行了深入的探索。

4. 落寞和自我放纵：迷惘的一代常常感到孤独和失落，他们认为自己和社会格格不入。

有些人选择了自我放纵和堕落的生活方式，通过追求刺激和享乐来减轻内心的迷茫。

5. 文学和艺术的创造：迷惘的一代在文学和艺术方面有很高的创造力，通过写作、绘画和雕塑等艺术表达方式表达了他们的内心世界和情感。

许多迷惘的一代作家、诗人和艺术家创作了一系列有影响力的作品，塑造了迷惘的一代的形象。

迷惘的一代对今天的社会和文化产生了深远影响。

他们的怀疑精神和对自我探索的追求，影响了后来的文化运动，如嬉皮士文化、次文化和后现代主义。

迷惘的一代对价值观和信仰的质疑，也促使人们对传统观念进行重新思考，推动了社会的进步和变革。

浅析“迷惘的一代”及其对美国文学及文化的影响摘要:在1920- 1930年代,世界第一次世界大战之后,美国出现了这样一种社会现象,那就是:在一战爆发前刚刚步入成年的年轻人充满了厌恶战争、悲观和迷茫的情绪。

他们成长的年代是资本主义渐渐的没落的年代。

因为这个时代的特点,他们的思想是复杂而矛盾的。

他们感到迷茫,因此他们被称为“迷惘的一代”。

这种现象广泛而深入地从美国蔓延到整个西方社会,它的影响在历史上是十分罕见的。

本文将简单研究迷惘的一代的历史背景和产生的原因、其主要特点和它对美国文学及文化的影响。

关键词：迷惘的一代；历史渊源；文化价值；影响The Brief Analysis of the Lost Generation and Its Influence onAmerican Literature and CultureAbstract: In the 1920s—1930s, after the world warⅠ, there appears a social phenomenon, that is: The youths who were just becoming adults when the war broke out were feel disappointed and lost. When the youth were growing up, the capitalism was declining. Because of the characteristic of that age, their ideology was intricate and paradoxical. They felt so lost, and they were called the Lost Generation. This phenomenon spread from the United States to the western society widely and deeply, and its influence on western society is rare in history. This paper will briefly study the historical background of the Lost Generation and its forming factors and main characteristics, and will focus on the Lost Generation’s influence on American literature and culture.Key words:lost generation; historical origins; cultural value; influenceContentsIntroduction (1)PartⅠThe background of the Lost Generation (2)1.1 The introduction of the lost generation (2)1.2 Forming factors of the lost generation (2)1.2.1 The effects of the First World War (2)1.2.2 The change of people’ ideas (3)1.2.3 The influence of western ideas on American youth (4)Part Ⅱ Main Characteristics of the Lost Generation (5)2.1 The confusion about war ――against the war (5)2.2 The confusion about life (6)2.3 The confusion about social reality (7)Part Ⅲ The Influence on American Literature and Culture (9)3.1 The lost generation’s influence on American literature (9)3.1.1 The maturity of American literature (9)3.1.2 Minimalism and Innovation (9)3.2 The lost generation’s influence on American culture (10)3.2.1 Multicultural promotion (10)3.2.2 Effect on American media (11)Conclusion (12)Bibliography (13)IntroductionLost generation is a term that has been widely accepted in the field of literary studies，it refers to youth and young writers with disillusionment after the First World War. Their characteristics are weariness,pessimism and disappointment.There are many studies about the lost generation, many scholars and critics were talk about the lost generation which is represented by Hemingway. Most studies are according literature history to analyze Hemingway and the Lost Generation, but the discussion of deep-seated reasons behind Hemingway and the Lost Generation, which leads to the forming of the Lost Generation, the research about this aspect is not much. Therefore, this article will combine the literature and history to analyze the lost generation. This paper analyzes the Lost Generation through the history of the United States and studies its formation factors, characteristics and influence with the help of writers and works of the Lost Generation.Last century, the United States was in a ‘cultural boiling’period: times change and People's thoughts conflicted with traditional culture, which almost reshaped America youth’s cultural attitudes and behaviors, and led to the Lost Generation.Nowadays, China is building a socialist harmonious society at present, and it has to rely on the young generation. Today there is a problem that is after the reform and opening up, under the background of globalization, Young people’s thoughts are under attack. There are many new ideas, some of them are good, and some are bad, which have very deep influence on Chinese youth. In this environment, teenagers are easy to get lost. So how to educate teenagers in ideology, to enable them to develop in a healthy way and to avoid them becoming the new ‘Lost Generation’ are the issues that every educator is facing.This paper will study from the angle of history and literature, according to the previously published monographs and journals to research historical causes of the main characteristics and impact of the Lost Generation. Besides, according to current situation of the Chinese society, it will put forward a bit to prevent Chinese-style ‘Lost G eneration’.PartⅠThe background of the Lost Generation1.1 The introduction of the lost generationThe Lost Generation was the generation that came of age during World War I, which was coined by Gertrude Stein, a lost generation writer herself. Between the first and second World Wars, writers of the Lost Generation were abroad, many of them went to Europe. Self-exiled to France in the post World War I, a number of intellectuals, poets, artists and writers sought the bohemian lifestyle and rejected the values of American materialism. And its center was in Paris.Poet Gertrude Stein actually pointed the ‘Lost Generation’ out. She said to Ernest Hemingway, “You are all a lost generation.” Hemingway took it as the inscription in his first novel The Sun Also Rises, and the lo st generation gradually became the name of ‘melancholic temperament’ youth after the Word WarⅠ. Then it became a title of an American modernism literature genre---- The Lost Generation Literature. This literary genre has no organization or program, whose theme is lost and helpless; the Lost Generation has since become the title of those writers with the same creative tendency: Francis Scott Fitzgerald, Ernst Hemingway, John Dos Passos and Thomas Wolfe, etc.1.2 Forming factors of the lost generation1.2.1 The effects of the First World WarThe impact of the First World War on the outcome of American is affording much food for thought. The Allied USA supported won the war, and America also got its own economic interests from the war. But encouraging Americans to war’s lofty ideal, such as ‘fight for democracy in the world’, ‘take part in the war to end the war forever’ suffered a serious a serious setback after the war. This setback embodied the failure of the plan that United States want to establish the international union. On the surface this seems to be a failure in foreign policy, but in the eyes of many Americans, it is a symbol that behind the international union imagination, the concept of political democracy under the leadership of the America failed. What is more, this political idea’s disillusionment proclaimed that American traditional Puritanism ideas of which people hold the idea as they perform the sacred duties within the scope of world failed. In fact, it is this concept in 1917 that put tens of thousands of youngAmericans on the away from the United States to fight in Europe. Since this kind of idea is wrong, then the reason of war also is wrong. That is to say, fifty thousand American young men bleed for a lie, their blood is in vain. Young people sacrificed on the battlefield in Europe not only their body, their also suffered spiritual disillusionment. Lost is the mark of European battlefield survivors who suffered a lot. So under such mark they find reasons for their variety of heresy. They thought the values of Puritanism should be abolished. And on behalf of the lost generation were young writers in the forefront.1.2.2 The change of p eople’ ideasIn 20s, youth’s reflection and criticism not only for war, but also for the middle-class v alues. That is to say, the young’s dissatisfaction is largely for culture, which reflects that social cultural contradictions deeply existed in USA. The Norton Anthology of American Literature describes this cultural contradiction: the traditional Americans believed that one should work hard, obey standard, commit themselves and behave decently, they were trying to use Small towns of moral ideal the puritans believed in as a standard to shape American society. The opposite is some gradually clear loud voices, which came from immigrants, minorities, young people and women... who were trying to create a new, more diversified way of life.At the time of the American society, the core of social and economic life has changed from production to consumption after half a century of development. In order to make products can be fully absorbed by market, with media and advertising, a new moral relationship formed. This is ethical consumption. It advocated people to buy, to enjoy and to show their personality. In fact, it is this new fashion in the early 20th century expanded its influence on the United States, and gradually replaced the dominant position that the Puritanism production moral had occupied. The collapse of the old ideas offered space for young people to express their views, and new concepts even pushed the young people to the forefront of cultural wave. That is because the bondage of young generation’s concepts significantly weaker than middle-class’s. They were energetic, and they had strong ability to accept new things. Though their economic ability was limited, but they were more willing to consume, so they get the favor of business. A lot of media such as magazines, newspapers, books and radio advertised to young people's life, which attract young people to spend on one hand, on the other hand, it set up a set of values suitable for young people. In general, the cultural focus to young people because they were adapted to the characteristics of the consumption economy and its values.1.2.3 The influence of western ideas on American youthIn the 20th century, the western mainstream thought profoundly influenced on American youth. These ideas include cynicism, disillusionment, death and nothingness.In 1914 the international order was broken, and this situation played a leading role for a long time in twentieth Century. Because of the war, a new kind of cynicism emerged as the times require. Therefore, the society was full of cynical thoughts, the faith of the human gone. This disillusionment mood soon appeared in the war, the British writer Herbert Read said that as long as spend a week in the trenches, you will eliminate any remnants of romantic idea to war. With the growth number of war casualties, western society appeared the voice of protest. Finally, those who survived mostly were ashamed of their involvement in the war.The war was very popular in the original, but painful in the end. And this sentiment lasted for a long time, affected the people’s world outlook after war. In the 1920s, pessimistic atmosphere had spread throughout the western world, included the United States,people can feel the strong pessimistic thoughts and subversive ideas. Under the influence of these thoughts, the consciousness of death, pessimism is during the First World War and the postwar in America society. The worst casualties in the battlefield were junior officers who, in general speaking, were the youth received a good education. Under the stimulation of the war, they wrote many works with anti-war, pessimistic and lost emotions. Like Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms, and John Dos Passos’s Three Soldiers and many other works have reflected these emotions.Part ⅡMain Characteristics of the Lost GenerationThe so-called lost generation refers to the American writers especially the young writers with a lot of confusion and frustration at that time. They are confused because the traditional concepts of this generation could not suit the postwar world, but they could not find a new rule of life. They think only the reality is the truth, but the reality is cruel. Therefore, they could only act according to their instinct and sense, tried to rebel the ideals and values they held before, used rebellious thoughts and actions to express their dissatisfaction with the reality. The main characteristics of the lost generation are shown in the following three aspects: the confusion of war, the confusion of life and the confusion of social reality.2.1 The confusion about war ――against the warIn 1914, the First World War broke out. With a sacred fanatical passion of justice, many American youth went to Europe, attended the President of the United States called ‘the war to eliminate all wars’, to test their courage and determination. They were not afraid of sacrifices, they had almost consumed their youth and lives. But Versailles contract signed after the war let them find all of this just the history playing with them. Their body suffered great damage and their soul also suffered from shadow. Worse influence of war on America is not proportional to it cost.First of all, people’s abhorrence of war is very common in American. Young people saw countries politicians in Paris Peace Conference bickering and bargaining, were deeply feel betrayed. They are not belligerent, and the interests of the war to them are not direct as to Europeans. It can be said that they are more fight for the faith. So when they were cheated, despite their material losses are less than others, their mental injury is very profound.Secondly, the war caused more mental hurt to the intellectuals, which is also one of the reasons for their anti-war. In this war, they saw the decline of European civilization that they had used to be proud of. War exposed the hypocrisy essence of capitalist civilization, and youth were confused about whether European civilization could make for. For example, Hemingway had been to France, Italy and Spain during the world war one, when he was injured, his view on the war was still ideal. He used to write to his parents, “We are ready to dedicate our lives, but only a few were selected, those who gave their lives also do not need honor, because they are lucky.” (Zeng, 1999:79)This high passion contrasts with the pain that he expressed in A Farewell to Arms. Then he realized that ‘the t ruth of war, I was most need to know when it was utterly ignorant’. Confusion and disappointment were among the whole of the 20s.Therefore, led by Ernest Hemingway, a generation of young Americans writers used their pens, to vent their anti-war thought. Almost every role in their works experienced the hardships of war, so their characters are the mirror of the lost generation. For example, in Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms, Henry saw the truth about war, he is aware of fighting in the war did not save justice or truth; even it doesn't matter with himself. The soldiers he loved, however, also are the accomplice of war makers. He downhearted and was lost. He as well as other young combatants fell into a deep spiritual crisis. Hoping to get peace by drinking, Henry is drown his sorrows in wine and be in the hope of self anesthesia. The war destroyed his political beliefs and ideals, and all of his values were collapsed. Hemingway said, through Henry's inner monologue, “I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it.”(Hemingway, 1980:165)Another representative writer Dos Passos in Three soldiers also described the development tendency of the lost generation, in which he revealed how the war destroyed individual hobby and ideal and showed the disappointment of the younger generation. Passos was very discontent about the current situation of America, including they were tricked into Europe. In his mind, the only hope is revolution - politicians, capitalists, warmonger and chauvinist, to kill them all.2.2 The confusion about lifeYoung American’s confusion was associated with social conditions, their families, education and social values. Facing an economic crisis, the depressed market society, young people want to fight again, but after struggle the result was either failure or more empty. Thus, their attitude towards life became more pessimistic.After the war soldiers need to work, but the recession caused great difficulties for them. In particular, military life and cruel war profoundly had a bad effect on their moral character. At that time, War and the so-called peace, made them feel the world was meaningless, they had to escape from reality. Therefore, wild ideas popularized among young people, especially the sexual orgies of ‘carpe diem’. Those young people completely disregard any moral rules or old commandment.These decadent behaviors can be verified from the works of many American writers of the day.In the Sun Also Rises, Hemingway depicts a group of American young people's mental state and outlook on life: they discarded their own misfortune, their values and all social moral standards. In order to ‘live every minute effectively ’, they lived a Bohemian life. The hero in novel lost sexual ability in the war, but he still indulge in debauchery life. However, he didn't get any spiritual solace, he felt more depressed and hopeless.Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s works also showed the same theme. His This Side of Paradise reflects the effects of war on the American ethos, including the oscillation of traditional bourgeois morality and their mood - wild but restless.Through this story we can see that disappointment and confusion is not only on soldiers, but on all this generation.2.3 The confusion about social realityAt the beginning of the 20th century, American society showed a scene of chaos, numerous contradictions fully revealed in the post-war: the growing gap between rich and poor, the depressed market and more and more unemployment men, which made a lot of social problems. In such a society, it is generally felt the injustice of the world. Lost their idea and goal, people felt depressed and helpless. Soldiers returning from the battlefield faced such social scene, they felt misunderstand: their ideas were liberated, but they felt uncertain about real life or perplexed about the future.At the same time, many European countries’ way of life and life attitude was beginning to affect the postwar American youth. Many young Americans went to the European and broaden their horizon. They appreciated the Frenchman's natural and romantic emotional appeal. They began to imitate, the United States has formed a new fashion: young men wearing raccoon leather jacket, carrying travel kettle; Young women perm hair, wear miniskirts, people’s action and clothes are no longer bound by tradition. Estrangement between Americans disappeared, people interaction increased, the new media appeared, you can contacted and communicated at any time.European fashion swept America. Parisians are free to drink, while the United States in 1919 passed the 18th prohibition amendment, young people still ignored it, liquor sales increased and cocktail were opened more. The United States entered a pursuit of material, a new era of easy making money.This phenomenon has been fully embodied in the works of Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby. This novel is exquisit e and accurately describes the ‘jazz age’ of the United States. With the arrival of the United States economic prosperity, the pain and loss of the First World War was soon replaced by blindly optimistic mood in society. To some extent, people were by abandoned the ideal to pursue wealth and to forget the pain of disillusionment. ‘From Rags to Ric hes’ is through personal efforts to achieve success, and it soon became the new target that the people pursue implementation. But people abandoned the past cherished society value, instead, they looked on money as the only standard to measure success in life. Gatsby wants to use extravagant party, luxurious villas and big like ‘monster’ car as a status symbol, and attempts to lure Daisy, his behavior is just the embodiment of the social psychology. But under the surface of prosperous, it is deeper than ever disillusionment, mental decline and moral decay. Gatsby’s tragedy shows lacking of spiritual support; the pursuit of pure material for the content of the ‘America dream’ has become a rotten thing, which is that people think that as long as the satisfaction of material can achieve the life satisfaction. And the pursuit of this dream can only pushed his ideal burst once again. The pursuit of Gatsby is a tragedy, not possible. This is a universal phenomenon in postwar American.Part ⅢThe Influence on American Literature and Culture 3.1 The lost generation’s influence on American literature3.1.1 The maturity of American literatureThe First World War, American post-war economical changes and development and the western consciousness of death and nihilism popularized in America and many other factors led to The Lost Generation. Although the existence of The Lost Generation is just a short decades, but the impact of it to the United States is vast and profound. The biggest impact is to form the ‘lost generation’ of the 20th century literature. The famous American poet, literary critic Malcolm Cowley compared twenty’s USA literature with The New England literary in Emerson’s age; he called it ‘the second prospe rity of American literature’, and considered that it has a strong impact on European culture and literature. Under this kind of shock, the lost generation writers contributed. The first is the emergence of writers in this period. According to incomplete st atistics in the Malcolm Cowley’s Exiles Return, born in 1891 to 1905 of The Lost Generation youth, in 1942, 236 people have been included in the American culture celebrity dictionary. In The High Tide of American Literature, Malcolm Cowley expanded the list to 385. Second is the quality of the American literature during this period is also recognized as well. In addition to the familiar thing that Hemingway won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954, and Eugene O'Neal (1936), Pearl Buck (1938), Faulkner (1949), Steinbeck (1962), Sol Bellow (1976) and Singer (1978) have won the Nobel Prize for Literature. So many writers and works appeared in this period and so high literary achievements fully show that The Lost Generation is not only the second boom of American literature, it also the mark that the American literary have been freed from the British colonial literature and even the shadow of European literature, it entered the real mature period.3.1.2 Minimalism and InnovationTheir creations in the first were the tendency of literature minimalism and colloquial of language. The second is the form for innovation. These works is not only beneficial to us from the inside to understand the thoughts of The Lost Generation, the principle of life and creation, it also facilitate us to study on a full range of The Lost Generation. And good writers, workvividly appearing also deepens The Lost Generation of Literary legend, it spans the 20’s short time, and continuously affected on American literature in the late. Marc Dolan also thought lost generation can be the 20’s cultural symbol in the United States, because it is rare in American history that a group of writers be representative of an era. As it said before, the lost generation from the moment it appears has the cultural rebellion. The writers took off their uniform after the First World War, and went on writing Road. With their special experience of fighting and exiling in Europe to experience the modern European art enlightenment, their works excellently expressed anti-war sentiments and the modern youth’s disillusionment consciousness. Therefore, Middle-aged writer is difficult to go beyond them. Lost generation writer burst the middle-aged moderates in traditional literary rule and its elegant and polite, hey conquered the editors, publishers, and readers, to become the leading voice of the 20 s American national literature.3.2 The lost g eneration’s influence on American culture3.2.1 Multicultural promotionHowever, the social impact of the Lost Generation has been far beyond the category of literature, in the field of social thoughts and culture, it triggered the revolutionary sensation, affects the young generation of thought and behavior. America writer Marc Dolan in A Cultural Re-reading of the Lost Generation also said ‘the lost generation in the becoming an artist, becoming an American and becoming a personality’.(Dolan, 1996:47).For example, in The Sun Also Rises published shortly after, “young man tried to drink as calmly as the hero of the novel, ladies like the heroine of the novel so sad to Jedi to fall in love one by one, they all talk l ike the characters in Hemingway’s works.” (Cowley, 1986:174) Fitzgerald's novel also accurately record the degenerate, and night revelry of celebrities and fashionable woman, at the same time, It put this way of life deeper and wider promotion to the whole society, which thus lead to the emergence of the Beat Generation in the 50's. This kind of culture, literature movement swept across the United States, at the same time, it also carried hundreds of modernist art and popular lifestyle trends on. It can be said that in the influence of the lost generation ideology, coupled with the Harlem Renaissance, Women’s Rights Movement as well as the rise of various immigrant cultures, the multi-pattern began to form.3.2.2 Effect on American mediaAlso at that time in America society, subject to the influence of the lost generation also performed in other aspects of social life, like music, movies which were in great impact. American writer Arnold Shaw in his work The Jazz Age:Popular Music in the 1920’s says, “Jazz reflects the sluggish economy and the glamorous life. It’s the symbol of the times, in fact, it represented the western society to rethink the value of music, broken the idea of music position possessed and enjoyed by specific class. For the life history of the black Americans, for example, jazz reflected the people hard work and the strong desire to survive.”(Arnold Shaw, 1997:98)At a time when the American film began to be popular, even it was silent film, but there is no doubt that it is also affected by the Lost Generation. The famous writer Steven·J·Ross in Movies and American Society described the impact on film: “The working - class nickelodeon was described on The one hand as a community center and conqueror of The saloon, and on The other hand The AD a school for scandal would adolescent boys to steal and The girls to be promiscuous”（Steven, 2002:85）.Such many examples, thus it is easy to come to the conclusion that the impact of the Lost Generation on American society is comprehensive, and it is stunning. Lost generation’s formation was related to the western world of that time. But as educators and leaders in the times of the Lost Generation, USA government inaction can not shirk its responsibility.ConclusionLost Generation’s influence on American and even the whole western society is so profound; the impact of time is so long. This phenomenon is worth our consideration. At that time, t he American society in general is a huge ‘paradox’, ideological, moral, intellective and cultural attitude is full of contradictions: people cared for tradition, but yearn for a freer and more open future. Those 20 years of American literature are dominated by young writers, behind their strong cultural critical attitude, are radical and conservative, rebellious and nostalgic opposite factors, and are also a period of cultural upheavals of the confusion and difficult exploration.Exhaustion of body and mind, the postwar youth could not find a little meaning of life, only the emptiness and confusion. Thus, they had no confidence or belief in their traditional values, the society and even themselves. In fact, the United States and even the whole western mainstream ideas are away from the society and escaped from reality.This phenomenon of moral education is worthy learning from them in China. As we all know, China is trying to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, is in a critical period of building a socialist harmonious society. It is necessary for us to participate in the whole society, especially the young generation. We should note that guiding young people’s thought is a long-term process, we can’t slack off, and educators should attach great importance to ideological changes of teenagers and take effective measures. Therefore, emphasizing on today’s Chinese students to cultivate the humanity is important, as well as to prevent them from becoming ‘lost generation’.。

迷惘的一代迷惘的一代(Lost Generation)，又称：迷失的一代。

西方现代派文学的一种。

第一次世界大战以后出现于美国的一个文学流派。

第一次世界大战以后，美国有一批青年作家陆续登上文坛。

他们不仅年龄相仿，而且经历相似，思想情绪相近，在创作中表现出许多共同点，逐渐形成一新的文学流派。

代表作家有海明威(1899—1961)、福克纳(1897—1962)、约·多斯·帕索斯(1896—1970)、菲兹杰拉德(1896—1940)，和诗人肯明斯(1894—1962)等。

“迷惘的一代”在战争期间深受战争宣传的欺骗之苦，对所有崇高的字眼都弃之如敝屣：“什么神圣、光荣、牺牲这些空泛的字眼儿，我一听就害臊??我可没见到什么神圣的东西，光荣的东西也没有什么光荣，至于牺牲，那就像芝加哥的屠宰场，不同的是肉拿来埋掉罢了。

”所以他们在文学创作时推崇文字上的简约主义。

海明威更是把这种简约风格推到了极致。

他采用电报式的语言，通过简约的对话和细节，用含蓄的、间接的手法暗示人物内心的戏剧性变化，而不是像传统的作法那样通过描述来铺陈人物内心。

结尾也常常是戛然而止，绝不拖泥带水，也不煽情作秀，即所谓的“零度结尾”，反而赋予了作品更为震撼人心的力量。

海明威因为精通叙事艺术而获得诺贝尔文学奖，他的“冰山原则”就是他现代叙事艺术的集中体现，作家只写露在水面上的八分之1一，其余的八分之七仅通过暗示留给读者去补白。

这种创作原则极大地影响了他同时代及后辈作家的创作倾向。

口语化成为一代人散文风格的普遍特色。

埃德蒙·威尔逊甚至在他的文学评论中也摒弃学究字眼，选用口语词汇。

亨利·米勒在《北回归线》(一九三四)中把这种倾向推到极端，成为用粗鄙的语言来表现道德冷漠和感觉精微的迷惘特征，结果被萧伯纳骂作是“为下流而下流”(dirt for dirt’s sake)，难登大雅之堂。

“迷惘的一代”创作的另一个特点是形式上勇于创新。

浅谈“迷惘的一代”和“垮掉的一代”本质的异同定义（摘自：维基百科）迷惘的一代（Lost Generation），又称迷失的一代、失落的一代，通常指在第一次世界大战期间成年的一代人。

海明威在其创作的小说太阳照常升起中使用了“迷惘的一代”作为题词，从而使这一名称广为人知。

“迷惘的一代”从此成为这批虽无纲领和组织但有相同的创作倾向的作家的称谓。

所谓“迷惘”，是指他们共有的彷徨和失望情绪。

“迷惘的一代”尽管是一个短暂的潮流，但它在美国文学史上的地位是确定了的。

垮掉的一代(Beat Generation)，第二次世界大战后风行于美国的文学流派。

该流派的作家都是性格粗犷豪放、落拓不羁的男女青年，他们生活简单、不修边幅，喜穿奇装异服，厌弃工作和学业，拒绝承担任何社会义务，以浪迹天涯为乐，蔑视社会的法纪秩序，反对一切世俗陈规和垄断资本统治，抵制对外侵略和种族隔离，讨厌机器文明，他们永远寻求新的刺激，寻求绝对自由，纵欲、吸毒、沉沦，以此向体面的传统价值标准进行挑战，因此被称作垮掉的一代。

相同点“迷惘的一代”和“垮掉的一代”，分别产生于20世纪的两次世界大战之后。

尽管两个流派产生于不同的历史时期、文化背景之下，甚至是文学评论界的反应也完全不同，但是当将两个流派分别放在各自特定的历史时期，通过对时代背景、现实处境、思想基础、发展历程的比较分析，发现两者具有共同的反叛主旨，即反叛主流价值观，宣泄个人感受，用另类的方法引起社会的关注。

同时，对两者的比较放在美国文学的纵向发展中，又可以清晰地梳理出两者一脉的相承精神实质，即追求自由、独立的美国精神。

“迷惘的一代”和“垮掉的一代”在创作手法上无疑属于创新一代,他们都把生活方式与艺术风格相结合,把自己的经历、对时代的感受体现在作品中。

以海明威为代表的“迷惘的一代’.在现实主义的基础上.借鉴了现代主义写作手法,独树一帜,以凯替亚为代表的“垮掉的一代”融合了现代主义或自然主义和现代主义.创作手法上也进行了大胆的尝试,他们在艺术上敢于冲破一切传统的羁绊.大胆创新这两代作家在创作手法上的共同点就是都或多或少地采用了现代主义的写作技巧来体现他们作品的主题。

58“迷惘的一代”的文化之旅“迷惘的一代”是指出现于20世纪20年代的美国文学界的一批作家。

虽然他们活跃的时间不长，但短短的十年里，群星荟萃的“迷惘的一代”作家们佳作频出，为美国文学史书写了灿烂的一页。

著名文学批评理论家特里·伊戈尔顿特别强调过文学的历史性。

历史语境对于解读“迷惘的一代”文学是至关重要的。

20世纪20年代刚从第一次世界大战中艰难走出，又陷入了1929年经济大萧条的泥沼。

这一时期也被公认为是美国进入“现代社会”的第一个十年。

在这期间，美国的文学青年们一方面承受了“一战”带来的严重心理创伤，另一方面，又感受到了“现代社会”带来的“现代意识”的冲击。

“迷惘的一代”处于一个这样的历史转型期，战争的创伤、社会的变化和经济的起落造成了认识上的冲撞和文化上的断裂，但也催生了一批富有反叛意识和改革欲望的新一代文化青年。

他们义无反顾地踏上了批判传统，寻找新的生活目标和价值观念的求索之路。

“迷惘的一代”作家们站在告别过去，面向未来的交汇处，在对陈腐的传统进行评价和思考的同时，也对将来的生活做了展望和尝试。

之所以称他们为“迷惘的一代”，是因为他们共同的两大特征：一是在作品中表现出的失落和迷惘的心绪；二是他们对文学传统的不屑以及对新的艺术表现形式的探求。

在这样一个特定的历史时期和文化语境下，通过“迷惘的一代”作家们的作品，我们能够了解这一时期青年知识分子的思想倾向、生活态度、社会观念和道德意识。

除了在历史语境中研究“迷惘的一代”，还可以从地域的角度来了解“迷惘的一代”的成长过程。

“迷文 宋征 李新瑞菲茨杰拉德T.S.艾略特惘的一代”作家们在冲破迷惘，化茧成蝶的过程中，并不是只坚守一个地方，他们的成长是经过了一个地理上的变迁最终完成的。

笔者就这一有趣的现象进行归纳梳理，力求探索“迷惘的一代”作家们整个文化之旅的前因后果，并试图分析他们是如何随着地域上的不断变迁，在思想、文学、文化方面逐渐走向成熟的。