12.被动语态的译法

被动语态的翻译技巧
被动语态是一种句子结构，在中文翻译中，可以使用以下技巧来表达被动语态：
1. 改变主谓结构：将主语变为宾语，将宾语（或部分宾语）变为主语。

例如，将英语句子"John was given a present by Mary."翻译成中文时，可以改为"玛丽给了约翰一份礼物。

"，将"John"变为宾语，将"Mary"变为主语。

3. 调整语序：在中文翻译中，可以根据需要来调整句子的语序，以表达被动意义。

例如，将英语句子"The letter was sent yesterday."翻译成中文时，可以调整语序为"昨天这封信被寄出了。

"，使得被动含义更明显。

4. 使用"被动"结构的句型：在中文中，有一些特定的句型可以表达被动意义，如"被+动词+主语+宾语"的结构。

例如，将英语句子"The window was broken by the wind."翻译成中文时，可以使用"被+动词+主语+宾语"的结构，翻译为"窗户被风给吹坏了。

"。

以上是一些常用的被动语态的中文翻译技巧，具体的翻译方法还需要根据语境和句子结构进行灵活运用。

英语被动语态的译法英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛, 尤其是在科技英语中, 被动语态几乎随处可见, 凡是在不必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态,因此, 掌握被动语态的翻译方法, 对于硕士研究生入学考试的复习与应考是极为重要, 因为在硕士研究生入学考试中，英译汉文章的内容多以科普文章为主。

在汉语中, 也有被动语态, 通常通过“把”或“被”等词体现出来, 但它的使用范围远远小于英语中被动语态的使用范围, 因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构。

对于英语原文的被动结构, 我们一般采取下列的方法:1. 翻译成汉语的主动句。

英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同的情况。

(1) 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。

在采用此方法时, 我们往往在译文中使用了“加以”,“经过”,“用……来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。

例如:例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.其他问题将简单地加以讨论。

例2.In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by diggi ng, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.换言之, 矿物就是存在于地球上, 但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。

例3.Nuclear power"s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.核能对健康、安全, 甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词—辐射来概括。

翻译的基本技巧--被动语态的翻译.翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法语态转换译法1 顺译法1.1 顺译成被动句1.2 顺译成主动句2 倒译法2.1 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语2.2 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语2.3 倒译成汉语的⽆主句3 分译法⼀、顺译法既保留原⽂的主语，⼜要使译⽂主要成分的顺序和原⽂⼤体⼀致的翻译⽅法就叫顺译法。

1 顺译法(Translation in Original Order)1. 1 顺译成被动句A.译成“被”字所谓“被”字句，就是在汉语的动词前⾯加上⼀个“被”字来表⽰被动的句⼦。

主要表⽰这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊，或者出乎意料。

加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表⽰“被”这⼀动作动作接受者（受事者）是不乐意或不情愿接受的。

例1：Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated.【译⽂】维⽣素C受热过度就会被破坏。

例2：Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate. 【译⽂】花⼀旦被授了粉并受了精，植株就会对新⽣种⼦提供养料贮藏，以备种⼦未来发芽之需。

例3：She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Bront?: Jane Eyre)【译⽂】她以为⼀切都是公正合法的，做梦也没想到过⾃⼰竟会被诱⼊欺诈婚姻的圈套，跟⼀个骗⼦、疯⼦、⼗⾜的坏蛋缔结姻缘。

英语被动语态的汉译梁成功（洛阳师范学院外国语学院河南洛阳471022）英汉两种语言都有被动语态，但由于表达习惯上的差异，英语句式中被动语态的使用要广泛得多。

凡是不必说出施动者、不愿说出施动者或者是为了上下文的衔接顺畅等场合，往往使用被动语态。

相比之下，汉语被动语态使用的范围要小得多。

同一个意思，英语习惯用被动语态表示，汉语却往往用主动语态、无主句或判断句。

语态的使用不同，语气和情调也随之而异。

因此，英译汉时，必须注意被动语态的译法，不要过分拘泥于原文的被动结构，而要根据汉语的习惯，做灵活多样的处理，以保证译文通顺流畅地表达原意。

英语被动语态的汉译一般有以下几种方法。

I. 译成汉语主动句，转换原句主语英语被动语态汉译时，常将原句中的某个成分，如状语、谓语等转译为汉语的主语，译成汉语的主动句。

1.1将原句中的状语成分译为主语1.1.1把表示行为者的介词短语译为主语The poor boy was looked down upon by them. 他们看不起那可怜的孩子。

And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。

1,200 people had been saved by soldiers in the earthquake.在地震中，战士们已救出1200人。

1.1.2把句中地点状语译为主语某些被动句中并没有出现“by”引导的短语，但在翻译的过程中仍可使用原句主语作宾语的方法。

在这种情况下，可采用原句中作状语的介词短语中的名词做译文的主语，如：The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.中国在四千年前发明了指南针。

被动语态的翻译英语和汉语两种语言中都存在被动语态。

在英语中，被动语态的使用范围极为广泛，凡是在“不必要说出、不愿意说出或不知道动作发出者”的情况下，均可使用被动语态。

在汉语中也有被动语态，通常通过“把”、“受”、“遭”或“被”等标志词体现出来，但是它的使用范围远远小于英语。

因此，在很多情况下，英语中的被动语态都会翻译成主动结构。

对于英语原句的被动结构，我们一般采取下列的方法：1）翻译成汉语的主动句将英语中的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构时，往往可以分成以下几种不同的情况。

①保留英语原句中的主语。

例如：All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived.当他们到达时，所有的票都售完了。

Theatre will be reinvented and become much freer and more imaginative.戏剧将脱胎换骨，变得更为自由，更富想象力。

Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.核能对健康、安全、甚至对生命本身所构成的危险可以用一个词来概括：辐射。

②将主语翻译为宾语。

在动作发出者不言自明或难以言明时，英语常用被动句。

而汉语在这种情况下，往往需要添加“有人”、“大家”、“别人”、“人们”之类的泛称主语。

例如：I was told not to trust what I read in the newspaper.有人告诉我不要相信报纸上的消息。

It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.可能有人会指出，无线电广播同样也能做到这一点，但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。

英译汉技巧：1．解包袱法：Clinton is the first black president.Opinion leaderWe want to buy quality steel.She is on her listening tour of New York.Professor Smith is leaving the school. That is a stupid loss.Tom is sometimes favorably compared with Teddy.The so-called critics are only generically mentioned, but not individually mentioned.The joy of his returnWith the tree now tall, we get more shade.2．词性转换法：The improbable pregnancy was a big news for the woman’s family.Wherever you go, there are sings of human presence.A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.It took a long Presidential drive to get them talk again,Securities law require companies to treat all shareholders reasonably equally.Time Warner will pay TCI 360 million for Southern Satellite Company.3．增词法：She was more royal than the royals.An episode of humor or kindness touches and amuses him here and there.The famous little Becky Puppet has been pronounced to be uncommonly flexible in the joints, lively on the wire.4．减词法：When the students finished all the books they had brought, they opened the lunch and ate it.She listened to me with her rounded eyes.As the manager sits there and looks at the newspaper, a feeling of relaxation comes over him. Smoking is not allowed in the store-house.Small islands have played a disproportionately large role in the thinking of evolutionary biologists.5．重复法：These seemed to call into question the dominance not only of Western power, but of Western ideology.There had been too much publicity about their relationship.6．反面着笔法：Yet the process of achieving gender equality is still an ongoing process.You couldn’t kill any more.I hear everything.He was Jason’s godson, and had been one of the family anytime all these 23 years.With Silicon Valley’s notorious housing prices in mind, I expected to see a much worse house.7．切分法：And a growing minority of Western intellectuals agreed.My father was not wrong in judging me too young to manage business of importance.Many years ago, when I was a vicar of a small parish in the north of England, I remember hearing a sad story of a certain businessman.8．合并法：The inauguration took place on a bright, cold, and windy day.He shook his head. He looked at a blank wall. The girl’s face was there, really quite beautiful in memory.9．移位法：I knew every spot where a murder or robbery had been committed or a ghost seen.A woman infected with HIV may be abandoned by her husband if her condition is revealed, even when he is the source of the disease.10．定语从句的译法：Give me the book you bought me, not the one I bought you.Nobody could be said to understand the place who had not been there at such a time. Washington who could have been king insisted that ultimate sovereignty lay with the people.The software engineer bought the half million house, but the professor of sociology, whose salary is much lower, only bought a small apartment.He decided to take this difficult course, which has made him extremely busy during the summer.11．状语从句的译法：He stole, not because he wanted the money but because he liked stealing.The days were short, for it was now December.When it was wet, the buses are crowded.How can you expect your children to be truthful when you yourself tell lies?There was so much dust that we couldn’t see what was happening.I tried to be polite, although I didn’t like him.12．被动语态的译法：The man was beaten by the police.Heart murmurs are frequently heard in these patients.X-ray examination of the chest and heart should be routinely performed.He was injured. / He was criticized.The house next door has been bought.This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.。

英语被动语态的翻译在英语中，被动语态是一种常见的语法结构，表示主语被动作所影响或行为被执行。

在翻译被动语态时，我们需要考虑中文的表达方式和语言习惯，以便准确地传达原文的含义。

一、英语被动语态的构成英语被动语态由助动词be、动词的过去分词和主语组成。

助动词be 是被动语态的标志，它有现在时和过去时的形式，如is、are、was、were等。

动词的过去分词表示动作已经完成，如given、done、written 等。

主语是动作的接受者，通常在句子的开头。

二、英语被动语态的翻译技巧1、转换为主动语态中文习惯使用主动语态，因此在翻译英语被动语态时，我们可以将其转换为主动语态。

例如，“The book was written by John”可以翻译为“这本书是由约翰写的”。

2、添加“被”字中文中可以使用“被”字来表示被动关系。

在翻译英语被动语态时，我们可以添加“被”字来明确动作的接受者。

例如，“The car was hit by a bus”可以翻译为“这辆车被公交车撞了”。

3、使用“受”、“遭”等词除了使用“被”字外，中文还可以使用“受”、“遭”等词来表示被动关系。

例如，“The city was attacked by the enemy”可以翻译为“这个城市遭到了敌人的攻击”。

4、省略“被”字在一些情况下，中文可以省略“被”字，直接将主语作为动作的接受者。

例如，“The house was cleaned”可以翻译为“房子被打扫了”。

翻译英语被动语态时，我们需要根据中文的语言习惯和表达方式进行适当的调整，以便准确地传达原文的含义。

考研英语中被动语态的翻译技巧引言在考研英语中，被动语态是考生必须掌握的一个重要语法结构。

由于中英文的语言习惯差异，被动语态的翻译成为了很多考生的难点。

本文将详细讲解考研英语中被动语态的用法和特点，并介绍相应的翻译技巧，帮助考生更好地应对翻译中的挑战。

知识点讲解被动语态是英语中常见的语法结构之一，通常用于强调动作的承受者。

被动语态的译法(Translation of the Passive)英语中被动语态使用范围很广。

凡是在不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等场合，往往都用被动语态。

汉语中虽也有被动语态，但使用范围狭窄得多。

英语被动语态的句子，译成汉语时，很多情况下都可译成主动句，但也有一些可以保持被动语态。

一、译成汉语主动句英语被动语态的句子译成汉语主动句可有几种不同情况：（一）原文中的主语在译文中仍为主语1）The whole country was armed in a few days．几天之内全国武装起来了。

2) The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。

3）Most trees are denuded of leaves in winter.大多数树木冬天要落叶。

4）He has been wedded to translation.他与翻译结下了不解之缘。

5）She was delivered of a boy.她生了一个男孩。

6) Visitors are requested to wait.来宾请等候。

7) He was given a prize.他得了奖。

8) I have the honor of being elected.我荣幸地当选了。

（二）原文中的主语在译文中作宾语1）By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization，but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives．战争结束时，这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。

英译汉——‎被动语态的‎译法.tx‎t考研‎英语每日一‎课（英译汉‎——被动语‎态的译法）‎‎英译‎汉——被动‎语态的译法‎英语中‎被动语态的‎使用范围极‎为广泛, ‎尤其是在科‎技英语中,‎被动语态‎几乎随处可‎见, 凡是‎在不必、不‎愿说出或不‎知道主动者‎的情况下均‎可使用被动‎语态, 因‎此, 掌握‎被动语态的‎翻译方法,‎对于硕士‎研究生入学‎考试的复习‎与应考是极‎为重要的,‎因为在硕‎士研究生入‎学考试中，‎英译汉文章‎的内容多以‎科普文章为‎主。

在汉语‎中, 也有‎被动语态,‎通常通过‎“把”或“‎被”等词体‎现出来, ‎但它的使用‎范围远远小‎于英语中被‎动语态的使‎用范围, ‎因此英语中‎的被动语态‎在很多情况‎下都翻译成‎主动结构。

‎对于英语‎原文的被动‎结构, 我‎们一般采取‎下列的方法‎:1‎.翻译成‎汉语的主动‎句。

英语原‎文的被动结‎构翻译成汉‎语的主动结‎构又可以进‎一步分为几‎种不同的情‎况。

‎(1) 英‎语原文中的‎主语在译文‎中仍做主语‎。

在采用此‎方法时, ‎我们往往在‎译文中使用‎了“加以‎”, “经‎过”, “‎用……来”‎等词来体现‎原文中的被‎动含义。

例‎如:‎例1.Ot‎h er q‎u esti‎o ns w‎i ll b‎e dis‎c usse‎d bri‎e fly.‎其他‎问题将简单‎地加以讨论‎。

例‎2.In ‎o ther‎word‎s min‎e ral ‎s ubst‎a nces‎whic‎h are‎foun‎d on ‎e arth‎must‎be e‎x trac‎t ed b‎ydig‎g ing,‎bori‎n g ho‎l es, ‎a rtif‎i cial‎expl‎o sion‎s, or‎simi‎l ar o‎p erat‎i ons ‎w hich‎make‎them‎avai‎l able‎to u‎s.‎换言之, ‎矿物就是存‎在于地球上‎,但须经‎过挖掘、钻‎孔、人工爆‎破或类似作‎业才能获得‎的物质。