词义猜测题 课件

一，设问方式：What does the…mean by saying ―…‖?What does the underlined word ―…‖ mean?What does the underlined word ―…‖ refer to?In the…paragraph, the word…means (refers to) ______.According to the passage, …probably means ________.The word ―…‖ in paragraph … can best be replaced by … ….By saying ―…‖, the author means …What do you think the expression “…”stand for?二，解题方法：1，构词法：中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super(超), inter(在……之间), able(能……的), mini(极少的，微型的)，micro(极微小的), re(再，反复), sub(分支的，底下), co(共同),pre(前), under(在……之下；低于……；不足), hood(状态；性质；时期), ish(如……的；有点儿……的), wards(向), mis(误；恶), un(不；非), in(不；非), im-(不；非), dis(不), non (不；非)，less(不；无), anti(反；防)。

合成形容词的构成方法如下:形容词+现在分词，如good-looking副词+现在分词，如hard-working名词+过去分词，如state-owned名词+现在分词，如peace-loving合成名词常见的方式有：名词+名词，如silkworm形容词+名词，如shorthand现在分词+名词，如waiting-room动词+名词，如pickpocket派生法前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。

如depend——dependence——independence如：He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious,_for a few minutes.(1)．根据前缀猜测词义例如：Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?(2)．根据后缀猜测词义例如：It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．(3)．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例如：Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists.(2010年广东华南师大附中高三综合测试)Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts. Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals extracted from shark cartilage have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, a research that someday could help prolong your life.()The underlined word ―prolong‖ in the paragraph means ______.A. saveB. protectC. lengthenD. improve2，定义法：通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组等来确定词义。

（1）. 直接定义：如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

定义句的标志常为be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to，that is, be called, be known as, define, represent等.如：In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.Do you know what a ―territory‖ is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims （声称）as its own.Mary felt perturbed,_that is, she was greatly disturbed by her sister's action.There are two types of fat, external_fat(fat under skin)and internal_fat (fat inside the body wall)．【例句】Genetic learning is learning by a species —animals of the same kind —as a whole…．（2）. 同位语复述：构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。

需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i．e. 等副词或短语出现。

例如：In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．1) They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. ___________2) We are on the night shift---from midnight to 8 a.m.----this week. ___________（3）. 定语从句：定语从句有时起着解释和说明的作用，据此我们可以推断出所修饰词的含义。

如：The herdsman,_who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.(2010年四川师大附中高三模拟题)You should never put a cotton swab or other object into the ear canal. But you can use a swab or cloth to clean the outer part of the ear. The experts agree with the old saying that you shouldnever put anything smaller than your elbow in your ear.()What does a “swab”mostly probably mean?A. something soft, small and used in clinicsB. something hard, long and used at homeC. something thin, wet and like an elbowD. something safe, big and like a toyHere is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces .According the passage, The Pines is a .A．place in which you can see many mobile homesB．mountain where you can get a good view of the valleyC．town which happens to be near the Banff National ParkD．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food3，类比、对比法：（1）根据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有时对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词来猜测其词义。

英语中表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 和while 引导的并列句等。

如：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.(2010.湖北，B篇)For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents＇point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents＇complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.56. What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean?A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.B. The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.C. The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.D. The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1,500, agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead. The underlined word ―disposable‖ in the passage probably mean s “______”．A. acceptableB. valuableC. throw-awayD. long-lasting（2）根据类比关系猜测词义表示类比关系的词和短语主要有similarly, like, just as, also, as well等。