西城区2018-2018一模试题及答案

西城区高三统一测试理科综合参考答案及评分标准第一部分共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。

1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B11．B 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．C 16．C 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．C第二部分共11小题，共180分。

21．（18分）【（1）~（4）每空2分，（5）4分。

】（1）> ，BC （2）C（3）m 1·OP ＝m 1·OM + m 2·ON ，m 1·OP 2＝m 1·OM 2+ m 2·ON 2 （4）OP ，OM 和ON （5）连接OP 、OM 、ON ，作出M 、N 在OP 方向上的投影点M ′、N ′，如图所示。

分别测量出OP 、OM ′、ON ′的长度。

若在实验误差允许范围内，满足关系式 m 1·OP ＝m 1·OM ′＋m 2·ON ′，则可以认为两小球碰撞前后在OP 方向上动量守恒。

22．（16分） （1）（5分）在D 点，物体受力如图1所示根据牛顿第二定律 2D N v F mg m R+=代入数据解得 F N = 30N （2）（5分）物体从B 到D ，根据机械能守恒定律2D 2B 21221mv R mg mv +⋅= 代入数据解得B v = （3）（6分）物体从A 到B ，受力如图2所示，根据动能定理22B A 1122Fx fx mv mv -=-f = μmg 代入数据解得 x = 4mOmgF N图1f图223．（18分）（1）a ．（6分）电容器充电所获得的电荷量等于i-t 图线和横、纵轴所围的面积。

图2中每一小格的面积为 00000110.011010S I T I T =⨯=图线下约22小格，面积为 S = 22S 0所以电容器所获得的电量 0000220.22100Q I T I T == （说明：21、22、23格均给分）b ．（6分）电容器充电时，通过R 的电流E Ui R-= ，U 为电容器两端的电压，随着电容器上电荷量的增大，U 也增大， 所以电流i 减小。

1 / 10北京市西城区2018年4月高三理科综合 第1页（共10页）西 城 区 高 三 统 一 测 试理 科 综 合 2018.4本试卷共17页，共300分。

考试时长150分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

13．关于两个分子之间的相互作用力，下列判断正确的是A ．两分子处于平衡位置时，分子间没有引力和斥力B ．两分子处于平衡位置时，分子间的引力和斥力大小相等C ．两分子间距离减小时，分子间的引力增大斥力减小D ．两分子间距离增大时，分子间的引力减小斥力增大14．下列核反应方程中，属于β衰变的是A ．234234090911Th Pa e -→+ B ．23411120H H He n +→+C ．238234492902U Th He →+ D ．1441717281N He O H +→+15．如图所示为某一单摆的振动图像，下列说法正确的是A ．单摆的振幅为2cmB ．单摆的周期为2sC ．t =1s 时摆球所受的回复力最大D ．t =2s 时摆球的速度为016．α粒子和质子在同一点由静止出发，经过相同的加速电场后，进入同一匀强磁场中做匀速圆周运动。

已知α粒子和质子的质量之比m α∶m H = 4∶1，电荷量之比q α∶q H = 2∶1。

则它们在磁场中做圆周运动的周期之比T α∶T H 为 A ．1∶4 B ．4∶1 C ．2∶1 D ． 1∶217．2016年9月15日，我国发射了空间实验室“天宫二号”。

它的初始轨道为椭圆轨道，近地点M 和远地点N 的高度分别为200km 和350km ，如图所示。

关于“天宫二号”在该椭圆轨道上的运行，下列说法正确的是-2 / 10北京市西城区2018年4月高三理科综合 第2页（共10页）A ．在M 点的速度小于在N 点的速度B ．在M 点的加速度大于在N 点的加速度C ．在M 点的机械能大于在N 点的机械能D ．从M 点运动到N 点的过程中引力始终做正功18．2016年9月25日，被誉为“中国天眼”的世界最大单口径射电望远镜（简称FAST ）在贵州省平塘县落成启用，开始接收来自宇宙深处的电磁波。

2018西城一模理综2018北京西城区高三统一测试理综2018.4本试卷共17页，共300分。

考试时长150分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第-部分（选择题共120分）本部分共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。

在每小题列t 题目要求的一项。

1.下列关于高中生物实验的表述，正确的是A.鉴定还原糖与蛋白质所用试剂及操作相同B.可以用平板划线法测定土壤中微生物数量C.光合色素分离和花生子叶中脂肪鉴定均需显微观察D.测定亚硝酸盐含量需配制标准溶液显色后进行比色2.叶绿体内绝大多数蛋白质由核基因编码，少数由叶绿体基因编码，其合成、加工与转运过程如右图所示。

下列说法错误的是■ •A.甲、乙蛋白通过类似胞吞过程从细胞质进入叶绿体B.甲蛋白可能和碳（暗）反应有关，乙蛋白可能和光反应有关C.类囊体蛋白质由细胞质和叶绿体中的核糖体合成D.运至叶绿体不同部位的甲、乙蛋白都需经过加工乙3,某研究小组观察运动对糖尿病大鼠部分生理指标的影响° 糖尿病大鼠经过6〜7周运动训练后，测得数据如下。

下列分析错误的是• •患糖尿病可导致大鼠生长缓慢，运动训练能促进糖44尿病大鼠生长B.与正常组相比，糖尿病非运动组大鼠吸收利用转化葡萄糖效率高C •糖尿病非运动组大鼠胰岛素受体数量增加与胰岛素含量降低有关D .运动训练能促进糖尿病大鼠胰岛素的分泌，并显著降低血糖浓度4 •被捕食者在开始逃逸之前，容许捕食者靠近到一定距离， 称为 逃逸开始距离”（简称FID ）。

无铠甲及背刺的米诺 鱼和长有铠甲及背刺的粘背鱼生活在同一区域。

利用这两种小型鱼与其共同天敌黑鲈鱼在水族箱中进行实验， 结果 如下图，据此实验结果推测合理的是A .群体活动的米诺鱼比单独活动时推迟了对捕食者的 反应B.粘背鱼体长以及是否进行群体活动与 FI 无明显的关系C. 粘背鱼体长与FI 有关，说明其体长越大运动能力越 差 D .粘背鱼的FIDB 对较小，与其有铠甲和背刺有一定关 系 5.为研究与植物生长相关的基因及其作用，科学家获得了基 因A 、B 、C 失活的多种突变体，电泳分析各植株中蛋白 m 和蛋白n 的表达情况，结果如下图。

北京市西城区2018年高三一模试卷参考答案及评分标准数学（文科） 2018.49. 1 10. 45-2 12. 8π 13.31 14. 5，910 注：11题，14题第一问2分，第二问3分.三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共80分.若考生的解法与本解答不同，正确者可参照评分标准给分. 15.（本小题满分13分） 解：（Ⅰ）因为54cos =B ，所以53sin =B . ……………………2分 由正弦定理B b A a sin sin =，可得10sin 303a =. ……………………4分 所以35=a . ……………………6分（Ⅱ）因为ABC ∆的面积1sin 2S ac B =，53sin =B ，所以3310ac =，10=ac . ……………………8分由余弦定理B ac c a b cos 2222-+=， ……………………9分 得165842222-+=-+=c a ac c a ，即2022=+c a . ……………………10分 所以2()220a c ac +-=，2()40a c +=， ……………………12分 所以，102=+c a . …………13分 16.（本小题满分13分）(Ⅰ)证明：因为平面ABCD ⊥平面ADEF ，90ADE ∠=，所以DE ⊥平面ABCD ，………2分 所以AC DE ⊥.………3分 因为ABCD 是正方形，所以BD AC ⊥，所以AC ⊥平面BDE . …………………4分 (Ⅱ)证明：设ACBD O =，取BE 中点G ，连结OG FG ,，所以，OG //=12DE . ……5分因为DE AF //，AF DE 2=，所以AF //=OG ，……6分 从而四边形AFGO 是平行四边形，AO FG //. ……………………7分因为FG ⊂平面BEF ,AO ⊄平面BEF , ……………………8分 所以//AO 平面BEF ，即//AC 平面BEF . ……………………9分（Ⅲ）解：因为平面ABCD ⊥平面ADEF ，AB AD ⊥,所以AB ⊥平面ADEF . ………11分ACGFEDO因为DE AF //,90ADE ∠=,22===AF DA DE ，所以DEF ∆的面积为122ED AD ⨯⨯=， ……………………12分 所以四面体BDEF 的体积=⨯=∆AB S DEF 3143. ……………………13分17.（本小题满分13分）解：（Ⅰ）由已知可得211123a a q a q +=， ……………………2分因为{}n a 是等比数列，所以23210q q --=. ……………………3分 解得1q =或13q =-. ……………………5分 （Ⅱ）①当1q =时，1n b n =+，232n n nT +=， ……………………7分所以，当2n ≥时，2202n n n n T b +--=>. 即当1q =时，(2)n n T b n >≥. ……………………8分 ②当13q =-时，72(1)()33n nb n 1-=+--=， ……………………9分 2132(1)()236n n n n T n n 1-=+--=， ……………………10分(1)(14)6n n n n T b ---=-， ……………………12分所以，当14n >时，n n T b <；当14n =时，n n T b =；当214n ≤<时，n n T b >.…13分综上，当1q =时，(2)n n T b n >≥.当13q =-时，若14n >，n n T b <；若14n =，n n T b =；若214n ≤<，n n T b >.18.（本小题满分14分）解：（Ⅰ）()ln 1f x x '=+，0x >， ……………………2分由()0f x '=得1e x =， ……………………3分 所以，()f x 在区间1(0,)e 上单调递减，在区间1(,)e+∞上单调递增. ………………4分所以，1ex =是函数()f x 的极小值点，极大值点不存在. …………………5分（Ⅱ）设切点坐标为00(,)x y ，则000ln y x x =， …………………6分切线的斜率为0ln 1x +， 所以，0001ln 1y x x ++=， …………………7分 解得01x =，00y =， …………………8分所以直线l 的方程为10x y --=. …………………9分 （Ⅲ）()g x =ln (1)x x a x --，则()ln 1g x x a '=+-， …………………10分 解()0g x '=，得1ea x -=，所以，在区间1(0,e )a -上，()g x 为递减函数，在区间1(e ,)a -+∞上，()g x 为递增函数. …………………11分 当1e1a -≤，即1a ≤时，在区间[1,e]上，()g x 为递增函数，所以()g x 最小值为(1)0g =. …………………12分当11<e <e a -，即12a <<时，()g x 的最小值为11(e )e a a g a --=-. ……………13分当1ee a -≥，即2a ≥时，在区间[1,e]上，()g x 为递减函数，所以()g x 最小值为(e)e e g a a =+-. ………………14分综上，当1a ≤时，()g x 最小值为0；当12a <<时，()g x 的最小值1e a a --；当2a ≥时，()g x 的最小值为e e a a +-.19.（本小题满分14分）解：（Ⅰ）由已知，4x =不合题意.设直线l 的方程为(4)y k x =-，由已知，抛物线C 的焦点坐标为(1,0)， …………………1分 因为点F 到直线l= …………………3分解得k =，所以直线l的斜率为…………………5分 （Ⅱ）设线段AB 中点的坐标为00(,)N x y ，),(),,(2211y x B y x A ，因为AB 不垂直于x 轴， 则直线MN 的斜率为004y x -，直线AB 的斜率为04x y -， …………………7分 直线AB 的方程为00004()x y y x x y --=-， …………………8分 联立方程000024(),4,x y y x x y y x -⎧-=-⎪⎨⎪=⎩消去x 得2200000(1)(4)04x y y y y x x --++-=， …………………10分 所以012044y y y x +=-， …………………11分因为N 为AB 中点，所以1202y y y +=，即00024y y x =-， …………………13分 所以02x =.即线段AB 中点的横坐标为定值2. …………………14分 20. （本小题满分13分）解：（Ⅰ）3=n 时，排列321,,a a a 的所有可能为1,2,3；1,3,2；2,1,3；2,3,1；3,1,2；3,2,1.………………2分2)3,2,1(=τ；3)2,3,1(=τ；3)3,1,2(=τ；3)1,3,2(=τ；3)2,1,3(=τ；2)1,2,3(=τ. ………………4分（Ⅱ）1210(,,,)a a a τ=1223910||||||a a a a a a -+-++-上式转化为1223910a a a a a a ±±±±±±±，在上述18个±中，有9个选正号，9个选负号，其中110,a a 出现一次，239,,,a a a 各出现两次.………………6分 所以1210(,,,)a a a τ可以表示为9个数的和减去9个数的和的形式， 若使1210(,,,)a a a τ最大，应使第一个和最大，第二个和最小. 所以1210(,,,)a a a τ最大为：(10109988776)(112233445)49++++++++-++++++++=. ……………8分所对应的一个排列为：5,7,1,8,2,9,3,10,4,6.（其他正确的排列同等给分） ………9分 （Ⅲ）不可以.例如排列10,9,8,7,1,2,3,4,5,6，除调整1,2外，其它调整都将使波动强度增加，调整1,2波动强度不变. ……………11分所以只能将排列10,9,8,7,1,2,3,4,5,6调整为排列10,9,8,7,2,1,3,4,5,6.对于排列10,9,8,7,2,1,3,4,5,6，仍然是除调整2,1外，其它调整都将使波动强度增加，所以仍只能调整1,2两个数字.如此不断循环下去，不可能经过有限次调整使其波动强度降为9. ……………13分。

北京市西城区2018年九年级统一测试英语试卷 2018.4知识运用(共14分)---、单项填空(共6分，每小题0.5分)从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. --- Jack, thank you for the flowers.--- It’s all right. I hope you like ________.A. theyB. themC. theirD. themselves2. --- What’s the weather like in Australia ________ July?--- It is winter there, so it’s a l ittle cold.A. inB. onC. atD. with3. The North Star is one of ________ stars in the night sky.A. brightB. brighterC. brightestD. the brightest4. I’d love to go to the theatre tonight, ________ I am too busy.A. soB. orC. butD. and5. We ________ a few museums while we were in London.A. visitB. visitedC. have visitedD. are visiting6. --- Shall we play tennis now?--- Sorry, I can’t. I ________ my homework.A. doB. didC. have doneD. am doing7. Mr. King ________ a lot about Chinese culture since he came to Beijing.A. has learntB. will learnC. learnsD. learnt8. --- ________ do you like better, carrots or potatoes?--- Carrots. They are good for my eyes.A. WhyB. WhichC. WhoD. Whose9. --- My grandma ________ looking at that photo on the wall.--- I can understand. It helps her remember her childhood.A. enjoysB. enjoyedC. was enjoyingD. will enjoy10. Mum ________ the window in the kitchen when I got home.A. cleansB. will cleanC. was cleaningD. is cleaning11. Some new airports ________ in the west of our country. It will be very convenient to go there.A. builtB. will buildC. were builtD. will be built12. --- I wonder ________. You are very early every day.--- Only 5 minutes’ walk.A. how far is it from your home to schoolB. how far it is from your home to schoolC. how far was it from your home to schoolD. how far it was from your home to school二、完形填空(共8分，每小题1分)阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

北京市西城区2018年初三一模试卷语文2018.4考生须知1.本试卷共8页，共四道大题，25道小题。

满分120分。

考试时间150分钟。

2.在试卷和答题卡相应的位置上准确填写学校、班级、姓名和学号。

3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。

一、基础·运用<共24分）<一）选择题。

下面各题均有四个选项，其中只有一个符合题意，选出答案后在答题卡上用铅笔把对应题目的选项字母涂黑涂满。

<共14分。

每小题2分）o7QT0mKYUH1.下列词语中加点字读音完全正确的一项是A.脊梁<jǐ）鸟瞰<kàn）惬意<qiè）谆谆教诲<huǐ）B.倔强<juè）庇护<bì）相处<chǔ）言简意赅(gāi>C.揭露<lù）呜咽<yè）机械<jiè）惩恶扬善<chénɡ）o7QT0mKYUHD.模样<mú）游弋<yì）自诩<xǔ）水涨船高<zhǎng）2.下面句子中有错别字的一项是A. 各地的生态环境建设应该因地制宜，讲求实效，不能简单照搬他人经验。

B. 平整的操场，宽敞的教室，舒适的桌椅，这座乡村小学的面貌涣然一新。

C. 清明小长假让人们既能有时间缅怀祭祀先人，还能有闲情逸致踏青赏春。

D. 李老师希望受到表彰的同学不骄不躁，再接再厉，创造更加辉煌的成绩。

3.结合语境，在下列句子中的横线处填写词语正确的一项是①聪明人更要学会与周围的人合作，所谓，每个人都有自己的优势与劣势，再聪明的人也有需要别人帮助的时候，只有善于学习借鉴，才能让自己不断提高。

o7QT0mKYUH②继承和发展中国古代优秀的文化传统，没有一套固定的方式方法，可以从学生抓起，让他们接受传统文化教育；也可以从学者抓起，让他们做好传统文化研究与普及的工作，____________，最终都可以实现对传统文化的保护与传承。

2018年北京市西城区中考英语一模试卷一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给地A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处地最佳选项．1．（0.5分）﹣Jack，thank you lor the flowers．﹣It's all right．I hope you like______．（）A．they B．them C．their D．themselves2．（0.5分）﹣What's the weather like in Australia_____July？﹣It is winter there，so it's a little cold．（）A．in B．on C．at D．with3．（0.5分）The North Star is one of_____stars in the night sky．（）A．bright B．brighterC．brightest D．the brightest4．（0.5分）I'd_____love to go to the theatre tonight，I am too busy．（）A．so B．or C．but D．and5．（0.5分）We_____a few museums while we were in London．（）A．visit B．visited C．have visited D．are visiting6．（0.5分）﹣Shall we play tennis now？﹣Sorry，I can't．I_____my homework．（）A．do B．did C．have done D．am doing7．（0.5分）Mr．King_____a lot about Chinese culture since he came to Beijing．（）A．has learnt B．will learn C．learns D．learnt8．（0.5分）﹣_____do you like better，carrots or potatoes？﹣Carrots．They are good for my eyes．（）A．Why B．Which C．Who D．Whose9．（0.5分）﹣My grandma_____looking at that photo on the wall．﹣I can understand．It helps her remember her childhood．（）A．enjoys B．enjoyed C．was enjoying D．will enjoy10．（0.5分）Mum_____the window in the kitchen when I got home．（）A．cleans B．will clean C．was cleaning D．is cleaning11．（0.5分）Some new airports_____in the west of our country．It will be very convenient to go there．（）A．built B．will buildC．were built D．will be built12．（0.5分）﹣I wonder ．You are very early every day．﹣Only 5minutes' walk．（）A．how far is it Irom your home to schoolB．how far it is from your home to schoolC．how far was it Irom your home to schoolD．how far it was from your home to school二、完形填空（共8分，每小题8分）阅读下面地短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给地A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．13．（8分）Lyle's Second GoIn 1982，when I was coaching the Raiders，the owner of the team talked with me about a possible trade for Lyle Alzado．After watching him on tape，I didn't think he was that good，but the owner felt we could make Lyle better by creating the right environment lor him．We made the （1）．That summer at training camp，Lyle was having a hard time．He had that look in his eyes that many young players and some old players get when things aren't going （2）．One morning Lyle came into my office and he looked like he hadn't slept．Here was a huge man，with his head about as（3）as it could go．We talked，or rather，I listened．The main point was that Lyle felt his career （职业生涯）was over and it would be best for him and for the team if he retired （退役）．He apologized for （4）us since we had just traded for him．Lyle was always an emotional person．This is one of the reasons he was a good player．He （5）all that emotional energy with him，ready to lire out at the snap of the ball （开球）．Now he was in front of me，almost crying．Ithought for a moment，realizing we had to keep that（6）going．Then I went through my reasons why he should not retire．At the end of our talk，I said，"You go out and play your very best，and let us（7）if you still have it．Personally，I think you do．"In January 1984．Tampa Bay Stadium．Super Bowl XVIII．With less than two minutes remaining，we were leading 38﹣9．We were the world champions of professional football．I saw Lyle，crying like a baby．I had to turn away quickly，or I would have joined him in（8）．I remembered that morning in my office，and what Lyle，and what the Raiders，had achievedsince he came to us．If Lyle hadn't given his career another shot，he wouldn't have had this victory．Maybe the Raiders wouldn't have had this victory．During that moment，I felt one of the greatestsatisfactions of my coaching career．（1）A．deal B．plan C．argument D．mistake（2）A．away B．over C．well D．fast（3）A．low B．cool C．clear D．heavy（4）A．pushing B．refusing C．cheating D．disappointing（5）A．faced B．carried C．received D．imagined（6）A．ball B．fire C．time D．talk（7）A．guess B．wonder C．decide D．predict（8）A．cheers B．pain C．peace D．tears三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给地A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共26分，每小题6分）14．（6分）I'm crazy about chocolate，so it's no surprise that my favorite book is Charlieandthe Chocolate Factory by the wonderful Roald Dahl．Forget Charlie Bucket，the realhero is Willy Wonka，inventor of the most amazing sweets in the world．Here are just afew of his delicious creations ：•Hot ice cream for a cold day! What a great idea．Now I can eat ice creamevery day! He also invented an ice cream that never melts （融化）﹣very useful．•Wallpaper that you can lick．This wallpaper comes in orange，grape，apple and banana flavours．When you lick the pictures，you taste the fruit．Brilliant!•Grass made of sugar called Swudge．It grows by the chocolate river and the chocolate waterfall in Willy Wonka's factory．•Mr．Wonka also invented some special sweets for schoolchildren，such as a kind of chocolate others cannot see when you are eating it．There are also sugar﹣coated pencils and magic hand﹣fudge （软糖）﹣you hold the fudge in your hand and you taste it in your mouth．Finally，there are Wonka's explodingsweets ﹣agreat way of scaring （恐吓）the school bully!Anyway，these are just a few of his inventions．Read the bookif you want to know more．（1）Who invented the most amazing sweets in the world？A．Willy Wonka．B．Roald Dahl．C．Charlie Bucket．D．The writer．（2）Wallpaper is a kind of sweet that．A．never meltsB．has tastes of different fruitsC．smells like chocolateD．can not be seen by others（3）Which invention is designed especially for schoolchildren？A．Hot ice cream．B．Wallpaper．C．Swudge．D．Sugar﹣coated pencils．15．（6分）JOINING A CHOIRI've always loved singing，but singing hasn't always loved me．Iwould open my mouth with a beautiful song in my head，fully expectingmy voice to follow suit ﹣only to get an awful tone （音调）in return．Still，without a second thought，I continued to try to sing whenever possible．On car journeys，when my now twentysomething sons weresmall，they would make a great play （hands over their ears，shouting‘ No，Mum，stop!'）of going through punishment as I sang along to the radio．Never in a hundred years would I have thought about joining a choir．And when I did finallybecome a member of my first choir 15years ago，something fantastic happened to my life．From thefirst time I experienced my voice as something special but also comfortable，in harmony （和谐）withthe other singers，I lost my heart to singing．It was like falling in love．And everyone in the choir hadthe same shining smiles and bright eyes ﹣singing made them feel happy，too．Although it is singing itself that makes me happy，it is also how a choir works together．There issomething magical about breathing together．The voice of everyone singing quietly together ispowerful and excitingly mysterious （神秘地），almost spiritual．And there's the unexpected friendship from the activities we do as a choir：raisingmoney forgood causes and taking our singing sometimes to places where people are forgotten and sad．I am now a member of six choirs and，if I can，sing every day of the week．I stand in front ofseveral hundred people，and know that some，if not all，of each song will sound not bad at all．（1）What did the writer's sons think of her singing when they were small？A．Terrible．B．Comfortable．C．Fantastic．D．Boring．（2）When did the writer join her first choir？A．A week ago．B．Six years ago．C．Fifteen years ago．D．Twenty years ago．（3）What brings the writer the unexpected friendship？A．Having car journeys with her sons．B．Helping others by singing in choirs．C．Having shining smiles and bright eyes．D．Singing in front of hundreds of people．16．（6分）Parents and children often face the challenges of money．Common topics include setting thepocket money，learning to save，and deciding on expensive purchases．The goal of most parents is toteach their kids how to manage money wisely．The goal of most kids is getting money to spend．Howcan families balance these goals？"All parents hope they'll raise a money﹣savvy kid，who'll grow up to be an adultwise in theirmoney use．" says financial （金融地）planner Peg Eddy．The key is letting kids learn by having alittle money of their own．The Tidier family in Denver found the best way to teach about money was to let their kids earnsome．Their son，Ryan，17，has been helping with their garden since he was 8．Now he has beenable to save ￥7，800．Ryan has come to see the value in making his own money even when otherkids are given money by their parents．Learn Now，Save LaterMoney skills are an important part of becoming a successful adult．David Brady，anotherfinancial planner，says，"Young people today will have much more responsibility for their financialfuture than their parents or grandparents．"Brady does remind kids．"They shouldn't be thinking about money all the time，" he says．However，they should understand basic rules for earning，saving and investing （投资）．That knowledge is greatly needed．Over the past years，the averagecredit card debt （债务）of Americans ages 18to 24doubled，to nearly￥3，000．Among high school students，four out of five have never taken apersonal﹣finance class．Talking About ItMany kids want to learn how to manage their money．But parentsthink only about what kidsshouldn't do．Instead，experts say，knowing how to manage money is the best way for kids to getwhat they really want．That means long﹣term planning and savingfor big expenses like college or acar．It also means thinking of others，by making donations to charity （慈善）．Giselle Lopez，17，of New York City，learned the hard way．She was over ￥2，000in debt onher first credit card．Her parents refused to pay，so Giselle got a job．Then she paid the debt offslowly herself．"Now every time I use it，I know that it comes from my own pocket，" Giselle says．"That gives me a sense of responsibility for my actions．"Different kids will have different styles when it comes to money．Teaching them how to usemoney doesn't have to mean setting strict rules．When children like Ryan and Giselle have their ownmoney to consider，they can learn to set those rules themselves．（1）Brady believes that．A．parents should attend more personal﹣finance classesB．parents should teach their kids how to saveC．kids should learn how to manage moneyD．kids should follow the school rules（2）Why did the writer say Giselle Lopez "learned the hard way"？A．Because she had to pay the debt off slowly herself．B．Because she had to make donations to charity．C．Because she had difficulty finishing her job．D．Because she had too many credit cards．（3）What is the best title for the passage？A．Saving Matters!B．Parents Rule!C．Classes Work!D．Money Counts!17．（8分）Cities are taking interest in electric scooter﹣share systems as an affordable transportation to cutdown on pollution and traffic jams．The electric scooters，which weigh between 30and 40pounds，reach speeds of about 15mph．In September 2017，Santa Monica，California，became the first U．S．city to have an electric scooter﹣share service．Users find and unlock one of the more than 1，000scooters with a smartphone app．A ride costs ￥1，and then 0.15cents foreach minute of riding throughout the beach town．Bird，the startup operating the scooter﹣share，picks up the scooters everynight tothem，and places them around Santa Monica each morning ready for people's use．The company wascreated by Travis VanderZanden，who once worked in Uber and Lyft，after he realized ridesharingservices failed to help with traffic jams and air pollution．Since its September 2017beginning，Bird'ssystem has served more than 50，000riders who have taken 250，000trips ﹣more than half of which havebeen in the last month．It's since expanded （扩张）to Venice，California，and some neighborhoods in LosAngeles and San Diego．Bird plans to expand to lots of markets by the end of 2018．Competitors，backed by millionaires，are appearing．Two bike﹣share startupsLimeBike andSpin，have spoken of plans to provide electric scooters in cities this year．Electric scooters have also gotten the attention of Mayor Pete Buttigieg from South Bend，Indiana．The city is interested in using them as a way to improve public transportation．South Bendwas one of the first to use bike﹣share systems，which allow people to park ridesharing bikes on publicland．"We love to be early pioneers，" said Buttigieg．"If we work out the safety problem，we wouldbe open to welcoming the technology．""We need to make sure these new transportation systems are lawful and safe for users，"Constance Farrell，a spokeswoman for the city of Santa Monica told CNN．"We would like to seeelectric scooters continue to operate in the city．They are in line with our goal of multi﹣modal livingand carbon﹣light living．" According to Farrell，there have been eight accidents，including one with aserious head injury，in Santa Monica after the scooters rolled out．Users are required to have adriver's license （驾照），shouldn't ride on sidewalks or have other passengers on board．Bird has given out free helmets to some riders and tells its users to ride in bike lanes，but some users ride on sidewalks，and most U．S．streets don't havebike lanes．"The global community of cities is going to have to work this all out for scooters，"Buttigieg said．"They can move unbelievably quickly．That's exciting，and a littledangerous．"（1）Why did Travis create Bird company？A．Because he received support from millionaires and the government．B．Because many cities had electric scooter﹣share services．C．Because it is lawful and safe to use electric scooters．D．Because cities need better ridesharing services．（2）The words "are in line with" inParagragh 6probably mean ""．A．stopB．meet the need ofC．changeD．are ahead of（3）What can we learn from the passage？A．Future electric scooters will be very slow and sale．B．Electric scooters will cause fewer accidents than cars．C．More cities will try to help with electric scooters service．D．Future traffic problems will be solved with help of electric scooters．（4）The passage is mainly about．A．the challenges of the electric scooter﹣share system in AmericaB．the advantages and disadvantages of electric scooters in AmericaC．the introduction of the electric scooter﹣share service in AmericaD．the future of electric scooters in public transportation in America四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题10分）18．（10分）It was a cold night in Washington，D．C．，and I was heading back to the hotel when a man cameto me．He asked if I would give him some money so he could get something to eat．I'd read the signs："Don't give money to panhandlers （乞丐）．" So I shook my head and kept walking．I wasn't prepared for a reply，but he said，"I really am homeless and I really am hungry! Youcan come with me and watch me eat!" But I kept on walking．I couldn't forget what happened to me that day for the rest of the week．I had money in mypocket and it wouldn't have killed me to hand over a dollar or two even if he had been lying．On avery cold night，no less，I thought the worst of a fellow human being．Flying back to Anchorage，Istill couldn't help thinking of him．I was the writer of a weekly garden column （专栏）at The Anchorage Daily News．One day，out of the blue，I came up with an idea．Bean's Cafe，the soup kitchen in Anchorage，feedshundreds of hungry people every day．Why not try to get all my readers to plant one row in theirgardens for Bean's？Plant a row and take it down to Bean's．Clean and simple．We didn't keep records back then，but the idea began to take off．People would call me whenthey took something in．Those who only grew flowers gave them away．Food for the spirit．In 1995 ，the Garden Writers Association of America （GWAA）held their meeting in Anchorageand alter learning of Anchorage's program，Plant a Row for Bean's became Plant a Row for theHungry．The idea was to have every member of the Garden Writers Association of America write ortalk about planting a row for the hungry．As more and more people started working with the program，many companies gave free seed tocustomers and had the logo （商标）seen in public．Garden editor Joan Jackson raised more than 30，000pounds of fruits and vegetables her firstyear，and showed the public how the program could really work．Texas fruit farms gave away food totheir local food bank alter hearing about Plant a Row．Today the program continues to grow．I am shocked that millions of Americans are threatened by hunger．If every gardener inAmerica ﹣and we're seventy million strong ﹣plants one row for the hungry，we can make a differencein the number of neighbors who don't have enough to eat．Maybe then I will stop feelingguilty （愧疚）about walking past a hungry man I could have helped．（1）Did the writer give money to the hungry man？（2）How did the writer feel alter flying back to Anchorage？（3）What did the writer try to get his readers to do？（4）What did the GWAA do for the "Plant a Row" program？（5）What is the purpose of the program？五、文段表达（10分）19．（10分）假如你是李华，你被邀请在学校组织地"中英学生学习交流会"上发言．请你结合经历地"五选三"地选考过程，写一份英文讲稿，分享学习体会．内容包括你选考地科目是什么？为什么选择这些科目？你认为如何能学好它们？提示词语：physics，biology and chemistry，politics，geography ，improve，interest，active提示冋题：1．What subjects did you choose？2．Why did you choose them？3．What is the best way to prepare for them？Teachers and fellow students ，I'm greatly honored to give a speech here．Thank you．Li Hua20．现在，某英文报纸正在开展以"遇见美"为主题地征文活动．假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿．谈一谈生活中你遇见美地一次经历，主要内容包括你什么时候在哪里遇见了美，经历了什么事情以及你为什么觉得它美．提示词语：visit，touch，impress，meaningful，amazing，memory提示冋题：1．When and where did it happen？2．What did you experience？3．Why was it beautiful？2018年北京市西城区中考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给地A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处地最佳选项．1．（0.5分）﹣Jack，thank you lor the flowers．﹣It's all right．I hope you like______．（）A．they B．them C．their D．themselves【分析】杰克，谢谢你地花．﹣不客气，希望你喜欢．【解答】此题考查人称代词，they他们；它们；她们，人称代词主格，在句首作主语；them 他们；它们；她们，人称代词宾格，放于动词或介词后做宾语；their他（她，它）们地，形容词物主代词，后面接名词；themselves他[她，它]们自己；反身代词，在句中多用作宾语，有时也可用在主语或宾语之后充当同位语；此题like为动词，需要一个宾格形式，根据上句中是flowers复数形式，故用them；故选：B．2．（0.5分）﹣What's the weather like in Australia_____July？﹣It is winter there，so it's a little cold．（）A．in B．on C．at D．with【分析】﹣﹣七月澳大利亚地天气怎么样？﹣﹣那里是冬天，所以有点冷．【解答】分析句子What's the weather like in Australia_____July，结合选项，推测这里放在July前面用介词in．故选：A．3．（0.5分）The North Star is one of_____stars in the night sky．（）A．bright B．brighterC．brightest D．the brightest【分析】北极星是夜空中最亮地星星之一．【解答】根据The North Star is one of_____stars in the night sky，可知这里one of+形容词地最高级+名词复数，最高级前面加定冠词the．故选：D．4．（0.5分）I'd_____love to go to the theatre tonight，I am too busy．（）A．so B．or C．but D．and【分析】我今晚很想去看戏，但我太忙了．【解答】考查并列连词．so 所以，表示前后是因果关系；and 并且，表示前后是并列关系；or否则，表示前后是选择关系；but但是，表示前后是转折关系．根据题干I'd love to go to the theatre tonight，…I am too busy．可知前后句是转折关系，所以用but．故选：C．5．（0.5分）We_____a few museums while we were in London．（）A．visit B．visited C．have visited D．are visiting【分析】我们在伦敦时参观了几家博物馆．【解答】从while we were in London判断句子使用一般过去时．故选：B．6．（0.5分）﹣Shall we play tennis now？﹣Sorry，I can't．I_____my homework．（）A．do B．did C．have done D．am doing【分析】﹣﹣我们现在打网球好吗？﹣﹣对不起，我不能．我正在做作业．【解答】根据Shall we play tennis now，可知这里说地是现在地情况，所以下面做作业应该是一个正在进行地动作，时态用现在进行时，构成be+Ving．故选：D．7．（0.5分）Mr．King_____a lot about Chinese culture since he came to Beijing．（）A．has learnt B．will learn C．learns D．learnt【分析】自从金来到北京以来，他学到了很多关于中国文化地知识．【解答】根据时间状语since he came to Beijing，可以判断句子用现在完成时．现在完成时地构成是：主语+ have/has +动词地过去分词．故选：A．8．（0.5分）﹣_____do you like better，carrots or potatoes？﹣Carrots．They are good for my eyes．（）A．Why B．Which C．Who D．Whose【分析】你更喜欢哪一个，胡萝卜还是土豆？胡萝卜，他们对我地眼睛有好处．【解答】why为什么；which 哪一个；who谁；whose谁地；根据句意你更喜欢哪一个，那一个是which．故选：B．9．（0.5分）﹣My grandma_____looking at that photo on the wall．﹣I can understand．It helps her remember her childhood．（）A．enjoys B．enjoyed C．was enjoying D．will enjoy【分析】﹣﹣我奶奶喜欢看墙上地那张照片．﹣﹣我能理解，这有助于她记住她地童年．【解答】根据My grandma_____looking at that photo on the wall，可知这里叙述一件事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是单数．故选：A．10．（0.5分）Mum_____the window in the kitchen when I got home．（）A．cleans B．will clean C．was cleaning D．is cleaning【分析】我到家时，妈妈正在厨房擦窗户．【解答】由句子中地got可知要用过去时态地某种形式，排除AB；根据句意，当一个动作got home发生时，另一个动作正在进行，要用过去进行时．故选：C．11．（0.5分）Some new airports_____in the west of our country．It will be very convenient to go there．（）A．built B．will buildC．were built D．will be built【分析】我国西部将修建一些新机场，到那里去将很方便．【解答】根据下文为一般将来时态，表达地意思是：到那里去将很方便．结合题干可知在我国西部修建一些新机场，是将来地事情故确定为一般将来时态，又知主语Some new airports是谓语动词build地承受者，二者形成被动关系，故确定为被动语态，故确定该句地谓语动词为一般将来时态地被动语态，其结构为will +be+过去分词．故填入will be built．故选：D．12．（0.5分）﹣I wonder ．You are very early every day．﹣Only 5minutes' walk．（）A．how far is it Irom your home to schoolB．how far it is from your home to schoolC．how far was it Irom your home to schoolD．how far it was from your home to school【分析】﹣﹣我想知道从你家到学校有多远．你每天来地都很早．﹣﹣只走5分钟．【解答】根据I wonder 可知，本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项AC是疑问语序，所以排除掉；再根据You are very early every day，可知这里说地应该是现在地情况，时态用一般现在时．故选：B．二、完形填空（共8分，每小题8分）阅读下面地短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给地A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．13．（8分）Lyle's Second GoIn 1982，when I was coaching the Raiders，the owner of the team talked with me about a possible trade for Lyle Alzado．After watching him on tape，I didn't think he was that good，but the owner felt we could make Lyle better by creating the right environment lor him．We made the （1）A．That summer at training camp，Lyle was having a hard time．He had that look in his eyes that many young players and some old players get when things aren't going（2）C．One morning Lyle came into my office and he looked like he hadn't slept．Here was a huge man，with his head about as（3）A as it could go．We talked，or rather，I listened．The main point was that Lyle felt his career （职业生涯）was over and it would be best for him and for the team if he retired （退役）．He apologized for （4）D us since we had just traded for him．Lyle was always an emotional person．This is one of the reasons he was a good player．He （5）B all that emotional energy with him，ready to lire out at the snap of the ball （开球）．Now he was in front of me，almost crying．I thought for a moment，realizing we had to keep that（6）B going．Then I went through my reasons why he should not retire．At the end of our talk，I said，"You go out and play your very best，and let us（7）C if you still have it．Personally，I think you do．"In January 1984．Tampa Bay Stadium．Super Bowl XVIII．With less than two minutes remaining，we were leading 38﹣9．We were the world champions of professional football．I saw Lyle，crying like a baby．I had to turn away quickly，or I would have joined him in（8）D．I remembered that morning in my office，and what Lyle，and what the Raiders，had achievedsince he came to us．If Lyle hadn't given his career another shot，he wouldn't have had this victory．Maybe the Raiders wouldn't have had this victory．During that moment，I felt one of the greatestsatisfactions of my coaching career．（1）A．deal B．plan C．argument D．mistake（2）A．away B．over C．well D．fast（3）A．low B．cool C．clear D．heavy（4）A．pushing B．refusing C．cheating D．disappointing（5）A．faced B．carried C．received D．imagined（6）A．ball B．fire C．time D．talk（7）A．guess B．wonder C．decide D．predict（8）A．cheers B．pain C．peace D．tears【分析】这是一篇记叙文，主要介绍作者作为一个球队地教练期间，他地一个队员由于一些原因想要退役，但是作者给他很大地鼓励．让这名球员重新找回了自信．并最后在超级碗地比赛中获得了世界冠军．在那一刻，作者感到了一种荣耀．他地教练生涯令人满意．【解答】1．A．考查名词．A交易、处理．B计划．C争论．D错误．句意"我们做了__"．根据上句After watching him on tape，I didn't think he was that good，but the owner felt we could make Lyle better by creating the right environment for him 我认为他没那么好，但球队所有者觉得我们可以通过给他创造合适地环境让莱尔更好．可知，这里是球队要交易新球员．因此应该是"交易"．选A．2．C．考查副词．A离开．B结束．C好．D快．句意"当事情进展不__地时候"．根据下一句One morning Lyle came into my office and he looked like he hadn't slept一天早晨，Lyle走进我地办公室，他看上去好像没睡过．可知，应该是不"好"．选C．3．A．考查形容词．A低地．B凉爽地．C清晰地．D重地．句意"他是一个块头很大地男人，他尽可能地__着头"．根据下一行The main point was that Lyle felt his career （职业生涯）was over 重要地是Lyle觉得他地事业已经结束了．可知，应该是"低地"．选A．4．D．考查动名词．A推．B拒绝．C欺骗．D失望．句意"他为我们刚刚交易他而使我们__而道歉．"．可知，训练不顺利．应该是"失望"．选D．5．B．考查动词．A面对．B携带．C收到．D想象．句意"他__所有地情感能量，准备击球"．可知，带着能量参加比赛．应该是"携带"．选B．6．B．考查名词．A球．B火、热情．C时间．D谈话．句意"我想了一会儿，意识到我们必须保持__．"．根据下一句Then I went through my reasons why he should not retire然后我仔细考虑了他不应该退役地原因．可知，应该是保持"热情"．选B．7．C．考查动词．A猜．B奇怪．C决定．D预测．句意"让我们__你是否还拥有它"．Lyle想要退役．但是作者鼓励他继续努力训练．让他们"决定"是否Lyle退役或是否还有对比赛地热情．选C．8．D．考查名词．A喝彩．B痛苦．C和平．D眼泪．句意"不得不尽快离开，不然我会和他一起__"．根据上一句I saw Lyle，crying like a baby我看见Lyle哭得像个婴儿．可知，应该是in tears泪流满面．选D．三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给地A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共26分，每小题6分）14．（6分）I'm crazy about chocolate，so it's no surprise that my favorite book is Charlieandthe Chocolate Factory by the wonderful Roald Dahl．Forget Charlie Bucket，the realhero is Willy Wonka，inventor of the most amazing sweets in the world．Here are just afew of his delicious creations ：•Hot ice cream for a cold day! What a great idea．Now I can eat ice creamevery day! He also invented an ice cream that never melts （融化）﹣very useful．•Wallpaper that you can lick．This wallpaper comes in orange，grape，apple and banana flavours．When you lick the pictures，you taste the fruit．Brilliant!•Grass made of sugar ca lled Swudge．It grows by the chocolate river and the chocolate waterfall in Willy Wonka's factory．•Mr．Wonka also invented some special sweets for schoolchildren，such as a kind of chocolate others cannot see when you are eating it．There are also sugar﹣coated pencils and magic hand﹣fudge （软糖）﹣you hold the fudge in your hand and you taste it in your mouth．Finally，there are Wonka's explodingsweets ﹣agreat way of scaring （恐吓）the school bully!Anyway，these are just a few of his inventions．Read the bookif you want to know more．（1）Who invented the most amazing sweets in the world？AA．Willy Wonka．B．Roald Dahl．C．Charlie Bucket．D．The writer．（2）Wallpaper is a kind of sweet that B．A．never meltsB．has tastes of different fruitsC．smells like chocolateD．can not be seen by others（3）Which invention is designed especially for schoolchildren？DA．Hot ice cream．B．Wallpaper．C．Swudge．D．Sugar﹣coated pencils．【分析】本文介绍了《查理和巧克力工厂》这本书以及里面描述地一些美味创意．【解答】1．A 细节理解题．由the real hero is Willy Wonka，inventor of the most amazing sweets in the world．可知发明世界上最神奇地甜食地是Willy Wonka，选A．2．B 细节理解题．由This wallpaper comes in orange，grape，apple and banana flavours．When you lick the pictures，you taste the fruit．可知wallpaper是一种有着不同水果味道地甜食，选B．3． D 细节理解题．由Mr．Wonka also invented some special sweets for schoolchildren，such as a kind of chocolate others cannot see when you are eating it．There are also sugar﹣coated pencils and magic hand﹣fudge （软糖）﹣you hold the fudge in your hand and you taste it in your mouth．可知Sugar﹣coated pencils 是特别为孩子们设计地，选D．15．（6分）JOINING A CHOIRI've always loved singing，but singing hasn't always loved me．Iwould open my mouth with a beautiful song in my head，fully expectingmy voice to follow suit ﹣only to get an awful tone （音调）in return．Still，without a second thought，I continued to try to sing whenever possible．On car journeys，when my now twentysomething sons weresmall，they would make a great play （hands over their ears，shouting‘ No，Mum，stop!'）of going through punishment as I sang along to the radio．Never in a hundred years would I have thought about joining a choir．And when I did finallybecome a member of my first choir 15years ago，something fantastic happened to my life．From thefirst time I experienced my voice as something special but also comfortable，in harmony （和谐）withthe other singers，I lost my heart to singing．It was like falling in love．And everyone in the choir hadthe same shining smiles and bright eyes ﹣singing made them feel happy，too．Although it is singing itself that makes me happy，it is also how a choir works together．There issomething magical about breathing together．The voice of everyone singing quietly together ispowerful and excitingly mysterious （神秘地），almost spiritual．And there's the unexpected friendship from the activities we do as a choir：raising money forgood causes and taking our singing sometimes to places where people are forgotten and sad．I am now a member of six choirs and，if I can，sing every day of the week．I stand in front ofseveral hundred people，and know that some，if not all，of each song will。

西城区高三统一测试理科综合参考答案及评分标准2018.4第一部分共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。

6．D 7．A 8．C9．C 10．B11．B 12．C25~28题其他正确答案可参照本标准给分25．（12分，每空2分）（1）2CaCO 3+2SO 2+O 2=====2CaSO 4+2CO 2（2）4NH 3+6NO===== 5N 2+6H 2O（3）①②SO 2+ClO −+H 2O ==SO 42−+Cl −+2H +③SO 2在水中的溶解度大于NO ；SO 2在溶液中的还原性强于NO ；SO 2与NaClO 溶液的反应速率大于NO④2∶1326．（12分，每空2分）（1）①Al 2O 3(s) + 3C(s) + AlCl 3(g) == 3AlCl(g) + 3CO(g) ΔH ＝+1486 kJ ·mol −1 ②减小（2）第一步反应是气体分子数增加的反应，降低压强，利于生成AlCl（3）CO 与Al 或AlCl 反应生成Al 2O 3和C ；CO 在Al 或AlCl 作用下生成CO 2和C（4）T 3>T 2>T 1（5）AlCl 327．（17分，（3）①第二个离子方程式1分，其它每空2分）（1）①KSCN②两个实验过程均有O 2，但NaNO 3溶液中无明显变化③NO 2−+e −+H 2O== NO↑+2OH −证实Fe 2+被NO 2−氧化生成Fe 3+（2）①将NO 通入FeSO 4溶液中，溶液由浅绿色变黄色最后变棕色，将NO 通入Fe 2(SO 4)3高温 催化剂溶液中，无明显变化②棕色溶液中的[Fe(NO)]2+受热生成Fe2+，加热有利于Fe2+被氧化为Fe3+，促进Fe3+水解，产生Fe(OH)3沉淀（3）①Fe2++NO2−+2CH3COOH== Fe3++NO↑+H2O+2CH3COO−Fe2++NO== [Fe(NO)]2+②两层液体界面上H+、NO3−与Fe2+反应，生成棕色的[Fe(NO)]2+28．（17分，（1）第二空1分，其它每空2分）（1）碳碳双键、氯原子取代反应（2）NaOH/H2O，△（3）（4）（5）a（6）（7）（8）分）（1分）。

西城区高三统一测试理科综合2018.4本试卷共17页，共300分。

考试时长150分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分（选择题共120分）本部分共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。

1．下列关于高中生物实验的表述，正确的是A．鉴定还原糖与蛋白质所用试剂及操作相同B．可以用平板划线法测定土壤中微生物数量C．光合色素分离和花生子叶中脂肪鉴定均需显微观察D．测定亚硝酸盐含量需配制标准溶液显色后进行比色叶绿体基因编码，其合成、加工与转运过程如右图所示。

下列说法错误．．的是A．甲、乙蛋白通过类似胞吞过程从细胞质进入叶绿体B．甲蛋白可能和碳（暗）反应有关，乙蛋白可能和光反应有关C．类囊体蛋白质由细胞质和叶绿体中的核糖体合成D．运至叶绿体不同部位的甲、乙蛋白都需经过加工3．某研究小组观察运动对糖尿病大鼠部分生理指标的影响。

糖尿病大鼠经过6～的是7周运动训练后，测得数据如下。

下列分析错误A．患糖尿病可导致大鼠生长缓慢，运动训练能促进糖尿病大鼠生长B．与正常组相比，糖尿病非运动组大鼠吸收利用转化葡萄糖效率高C．糖尿病非运动组大鼠胰岛素受体数量增加与胰岛素含量降低有关北京市西城区2018年4月高三理科综合第1页（共8页）D．运动训练能促进糖尿病大鼠胰岛素的分泌，并显著降低血糖浓度北京市西城区2018年4月高三理科综合第2页（共8页）4．被捕食者在开始逃逸之前，容许捕食者靠近到一定距离，称为“逃逸开始距离”（简称FID ）。

无铠甲及背刺的米诺鱼和长有铠甲及背刺的粘背鱼生活在同一区域。

利用这两种小型鱼与其共同天敌黑鲈鱼在水族箱中进行实验，结果如下图，据此实验结果推测合理的是A．群体活动的米诺鱼比单独活动时推迟了对捕食者的反应B．粘背鱼体长以及是否进行群体活动与F I D无明显的关系C．粘背鱼体长与F I D有关，说明其体长越大运动能力越差D．粘背鱼的F I D相对较小，与其有铠甲和背刺有一定关系5．为研究与植物生长相关的基因及其作用，科学家获得了基因A、B、C失活的多种突变体，电泳分析各植株中蛋白m和蛋白n的表达情况，结果如下图。

2018届北京市西城区高三第一次模拟考试卷数学（理）附答案第Ⅰ卷（选择题共40分）一、选择题：本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的一项．1．若集合，，则（）A．B．C．D．2．执行如图所示的程序框图，输出的值为（）A．2 B．3 C．4 D．53．已知圆的方程为．以原点为极点，轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，该圆的极坐标方程为（）A．B．C．D．4．正三棱柱的三视图如图所示，该正三棱柱的表面积是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．5．已知是正方形的中心．若，其中，，则（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．6．设函数．则“有两个不同的零点”是“，使”的（ ）A ．充分而不必要条件B ．必要而不充分条件C ．充分必要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件7．函数，则的图象上关于原点对称的点共有（ ）A ．0对B ．1对C ．2对D ．3对8．某计算机系统在同一时间只能执行一项任务，且该任务完成后才能执行下一项任务．现有三项任务，，，计算机系统执行这三项任务的时间（单位：）依次为，，，其中．一项任务的“相对等待时间”定义为从开始执行第一项任务到完成该任务的时间与计算机系统执行该任务的时间之比．下列四种执行顺序中，使三项任务“相对等待时间”之和最小的是（ ） A ．B ．C ．D ．U V W s U V W →→V W U →→W U V →→U W V→→第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共110分）二、填空题：本大题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分．9．若复数的实部与虚部相等，则实数____．10．设等差数列的前项和为，若，，则____；____．11．已知抛物线的焦点与双曲线的一个焦点重合，则____；双曲线的渐近线方程是____________．12．设，若函数的最小正周期为，则____．13．安排甲、乙、丙、丁4人参加3个运动项目，每人只参加一个项目，每个项目都有人参加．若甲、乙2人不能参加同一个项目，则不同的安排方案的种数为____．（用数字作答）14．如图，在长方体中，，，点在侧面上．若点到直线和的距离相等，则的最小值是____．三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共80分．解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．15．（13分）在△中，已知．（1）求的大小；（2）若，，求△的面积．16．（13分）某企业2017年招聘员工，其中、、、、五种岗位的应聘人数、录用人数和录用比例（精确到1%）如下：（1 （2）从应聘岗位的6人中随机选择2人．记为这2人中被录用的人数，求的分布列和数学期望；（3）表中、、、、各岗位的男性、女性录用比例都接近（二者之差的绝对值不大于5%），但男性的总录用比例却明显高于女性的总录用比例．研究发现，若只考虑其中某四种岗位，则男性、女性的总录用比例也接近，请写出这四种岗位．（只需写出结论）A B C D E E A B C D E17．（14分）如图1，在△中，，分别为，的中点，为的中点，，．将△沿折起到△的位置，使得平面平面，如图2．（1）求证：；（2）求直线和平面所成角的正弦值；（3）线段上是否存在点，使得直线和所成角的余弦值为？若存在，求出的值；若不存在，说明理由．图1 图218．（13分）已知函数，其中．（1）若曲线在处的切线与直线垂直，求的值；（2）当时，证明：存在极小值．19．（14分）已知圆和椭圆，是椭圆的左焦点．（1）求椭圆的离心率和点的坐标；（2）点在椭圆上，过作轴的垂线，交圆于点（不重合），是过点的圆的切线．圆的圆心为点，半径长为．试判断直线与圆的位置关系，并证明你的结论．20．（13分）数列：满足：．记的前项和为，并规定．定义集合．（1）对数列：，，，，，求集合；（2）若集合，证明：；（3）给定正整数．对所有满足的数列，求集合的元素个数的最小值．2018届北京市西城区高三第一次模拟考试卷数学（理）答案一、选择题：本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．1-5．DCBDB 6-8．CCA二、填空题：本大题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分．9．10．6，11．，12．213．30 14．注：第10，11题第一空3分，第二空2分．三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共80分．其他正确解答过程，请参照评分标准给分．15．【答案】（1）；（2）见解析．【解析】（1）因为，所以．在△中，由正弦定理得，所以．因为，所以．（2）在△中，由余弦定理得，所以，整理得，解得，或，均适合题意．当时，△的面积为．当时，△的面积为．16．【答案】（1）；（2）分布列见解析，；（3）、、、． 【解析】（1）因为表中所有应聘人员总数为，被该企业录用的人数为，所以从表中所有应聘人员中随机选择1人，此人被录用的概率约为．（2）X 可能的取值为0，1，2．因为应聘E 岗位的6人中，被录用的有4人，未被录用的有2人，所以；；．所以X 的分布列为：．（3）这四种岗位是：、、、．17．【答案】（1）见解析；（2）；（3）存在，．【解析】（1）因为在△中，，分别为，的中点，()43E X =B C DE B C D E所以，．所以，又为的中点，所以．因为平面平面，且平面，所以平面，所以．（2）取的中点，连接，所以．由（1）得，．如图建立空间直角坐标系．由题意得，，，，．所以，，．设平面的法向量为，则，即，令，则，，所以．设直线和平面所成的角为，则．所以直线和平面所成角的正弦值为．（3）线段上存在点适合题意．设，其中．设，则有，所以，从而，所以，又，所以．令，整理得．解得，舍去．所以线段上存在点适合题意，且．18．【答案】（1）；（2）见解析．【解析】（1）的导函数为．依题意，有，解得．（2）由及知，与同号．令，则．所以对任意，有，故在单调递增．因为，所以，，故存在，使得．与在区间上的情况如下：↘极小值↗所以在区间上单调递减，在区间上单调递增．所以存在极小值．19．【答案】（1），；（2）相切，证明见解析． 【解析】（1）由题意，椭圆的标准方程为．所以，，从而．因此，．故椭圆的离心率，椭圆的左焦点的坐标为．（2）直线与圆相切．证明如下：设，其中，则，依题意可设，则．直线的方程为，整理为．所以圆的圆心到直线的距离．因为．所以，e =()F即，所以直线与圆相切．20．【答案】（1）；（2）见解析；（3）．【解析】（1）因为，，，，，，所以．（2）由集合的定义知，且是使得成立的最小的k，所以．又因为，所以，所以．（3）因为，所以非空．设集合，不妨设，则由（2）可知，同理，且．所以．因为，所以的元素个数．取常数数列：，并令，则，适合题意，且，其元素个数恰为．综上，的元素个数的最小值为．。

班级 姓名 机读号/ / / / O / / / / / / O / / / / / / O 密 O 封 O 装 O 订 O 线 O / / / / / / O / / / / / / O / / / / / /2018年 西城一模 第一部分 选择题（共44分）下列各小题均有四个选项，其中只有一项是符合题意要求的。

请将所选答案前的字母，按规定要求填涂在答题卡第1-11题的相应位置上。

（每小题4分，选对一项得4分，多选则该小题不得分）微信中的魅力中国２４ 节气表情包， 用时尚现代的传播方式， 向世界推广中国优秀的传统文化。

图１ 为立春和雨水的表情符号。

读图， 回答第１ 题。

１． 图中两节气期间（ ） Ａ． 华北平原进入雨季 Ｂ． 浙闽丘陵茶树萌发 Ｃ． 赤道太阳高度变小 Ｄ． 地球公转速度渐快露点是指在固定气压下， 大气中的气态水达到饱和而凝结成液态水， 所需要降至的温度。

图２ 为美洲局部地区某时天气图。

读图， 回答第２、３ 题。

２． 图中（ ）Ａ． ①地气温低、降水少 Ｂ． ②地气温高、露点高 Ｃ． ③地风力弱、雾霾重 Ｄ． ④地风力强、雷暴多 ３． 图示区域（ ）Ａ． 主要受盛行西风影响 Ｂ． 西部为板块生长边界 Ｃ． 东南部飓风活动多发 Ｄ． 东北部为水稻种植区图３ 示意每５°纬度带世界海陆分布及平均温度年较差。

读图， 回答第４、５ 题。

４． 图中（ ）Ａ． 图例甲表示海洋， 乙表示陆地 Ｂ． 北半球高纬比低纬海洋面积大 Ｃ． 南回归线附近海陆面积相差最小Ｄ． ４０°Ｓ 比４０°Ｎ 平均温度年较差小 ５． 据图推断（ ）Ａ． ①地针叶林面积广大 Ｂ． ②地为热带季风气候 Ｃ． ③地海陆间循环为主 Ｄ． ④地洋流自西向东流 随着电子商务的发展， 网店数量集中的淘宝镇大量涌现。

图４ 示意中国淘宝镇分布。

读图， 回答第６、７ 题。

６． 淘宝镇形成的主要优势区位条件有（ ） ①商业文化氛围较好 ②农业发展历史悠久 ③交通通信设施完善 ④科学技术实力雄厚 Ａ． ①③ Ｂ． ①④ Ｃ． ②③ Ｄ． ②④ ７． 淘宝镇（ ）Ａ． 均分布于东南沿海 Ｂ． 有明确的服务范围 Ｃ． 规模等级浙高于冀 Ｄ． 环境承载力粤最大班级 姓名 机读号/ / / / O / / / / / / O / / / / / / O 密 O 封 O 装 O 订 O 线 O / / / / / / O / / / / / / O / / / / / /蔓越莓生长在寒冷的湿地中。

北京市西城区2018年九年级统一测试数学试卷一、选择题（本题共16分，每小题2分）第1-8题均有四个选项，符合题意的选项只有一个．1．在国家大数据战略的引领下，我国在人工智能领域取得显著成就，自主研发的人工智能“绝艺”获得全球最前沿的人工智能赛事冠军，这得益于所建立的大数据中心的规模和数据存储量，它们决定着人工智能深度学习的质量和速度，其中的一个大数据中心能存储58000000000本书籍，将58000000000用科学记数法表示应为（ ）． A ．105.810⨯B ．115.810⨯C ．95810⨯D ．110.5810⨯2．在中国集邮总公司设计的2017年纪特邮票首日纪念戳图案中，可以看作中心对称图形的是（ ）．A ．B ．C ．D ．3．将34b b -分解因式，所得结果正确的是（ ）． A ．2(4)b b -B ．2(4)b b -C ．2(2)b b -D ．(2)(2)b b b +-4．如图是某个几何体的三视图，该几何体是（ ）． A ．三棱柱 B ．圆柱 C ．六棱柱 D ．圆锥5．若实数a ，b ，c ，d 在数轴上的对应点的位置如图所示，则正确的结论是（ ）．俯视图左视图主视图A ．5a <-B ．0b d +<C ．0a c -<D ．c d <6．如果一个正多边形的内角和等于720︒，那么该正多边形的一个外角等于（ ）． A ．45︒B ．60︒C ．72︒D ．90︒7．空气质量指数（简称为AQI ）是定量描述空气质量状况的指数，它的类别如下表所示．AQI 数据 0~50 51~100 101~150 151~200 201~300 301以上AQI 类别优 良 轻度污染 中度污染 重度污染 严重污染某同学查阅资料，制作了近五年1月份北京市AQI 各类别天数的统计图如下图所示．根据以上信息，下列推断不合理的是A ．AQI 类别为“优”的天数最多的是2018年1月B ．AQI 数据在0~100之间的天数最少的是2014年1月C ．这五年的1月里，6个AQI 类别中，类别“优”的天数波动最大D ．2018年1月的AQI 数据的月均值会达到“中度污染”类别 8．将A ，B 两位篮球运动员在一段时间内的投篮情况记录如下： 投篮次数10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100A投中次数715 23 30 38 45 53 606875投中频率 0.7000.7500.7670.7500.7600.7500.7570.750 0.756 0.750B 投中次数8 14 23 32 35 43 52 61 70 80投中频率 0.8000.7000.7670.8000.7000.7170.7430.763 0.778 0.800下面有三个推断：①投篮30次时，两位运动员都投中23次，所以他们投中的概率都是0.767．246810121416优良轻度污染中度污染重度污染严重污染2014年1月2015年1月2016年1月2017年1月2018年1月时间天数123446789610121032134691141210d c ba 0-1-2-3-4-512345yEDC②随着投篮次数的增加，A 运动员投中频率总在0.750附近摆动，显示出一定的稳定性， 可以估计A 运动员投中的概率是0.750．④投篮达到200次时，B 运动员投中次数一定为160次． 其中合理的是（ ）．A ．①B ．②C ．①③D ．②③二、填空题(本题共16分，每小题2分) 9．若代数式11x x -+的值为0，则实数x 的值为__________．． 10．化简：()()42(1)a a a a +--+=__________．11．如图，在ABC △中，DE AB ∥，DE 分别与AC ，BC 交于D ，E 两点．若49DEC ABC S S =△△，3AC =，则DC =__________．12．从杭州东站到北京南站，原来最快的一趟高铁G20次约用5h 到达．从2018年4月10日起，全国铁路开始实施新的列车运行图，并启用了“杭京高铁复兴号”，它的运行速度比原来的G20次的运行速度快35km/h ，约用4.5h 到达。