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1.Marketi n g 市场营销：通过计划和执行关于产品、服务和电子的定价、促销和分销，从而创造交换，以实现个人和组织的目标的过程）The process of plannin g and executi ng （执行、实行）the concepti on, pricing, promoti on, and distrib u tion of goods, service s and ideas to create exchang es that satisfy individ ual and organiz a tiona l objecti ves.——the definit i on emphasi zes the diverse activities markete rs perform.(强调市场商人不同的行为活动)Decidin g what product s to offerSetting pricesDevelopi ng sales promoti ons and adverti sing campaig n sMaking product s readily available to custome r s2. The marketi ng Concept s(市场营销观念：企业分析消费者需求，制定比竞争对后更好的决策来满足这些需求的哲学)The Product i on Concept生产观念The Selling Concept推销观念The Marketi ng Concept市场营销观念The Product i on Concept生产观念The idea that a firm shouldfocus on those product s that it could produce most efficie ntly and that the low-cost product s would createthe demandfor those product s.The Selling Concept / sales concept推销观念(利用广告这种重要方式来与其顾客沟通从而获取他们的订单) The Marketi ng Concept市场营销观念Differe n ce between Selling and Marketin g销售与营销的区别3.The Marketi ng Mix / The 4P’s of Marketing市场营销组合1)Product（产品：有形和无形，包括包装、色彩、品牌、服务，甚至销售商的声誉）Consume r product s消费品：produce d for and purchas ed by househo l ds for their use.Industr ial product s 工业产品：are sold primari ly for use in produci ng other product s.2)Price（价格：消费者为获得产品所必须支付的金额）Refersto the value or worth of a product that attract s the buyer to exchang e money or somethi ng of value for the product.Loss LeaderPricing (亏本出售商品）selling thingsi n its lower price than its cost price in order to attract custome rs to purchas e the product s.Penetra tion Pricing (渗透定价法---心理定价策略）设定最初低价，以便迅速和深入地进入市场，从而快速吸引来大量的购买者，赢得较大的市场份赖。
