最新陕西省榆林育才中学高中英语 5.3 The power of nature language points导学案 新人教版选修6名师精编资

陕西省榆林育才中学高中英语 Unit 5 Travelling abroad 语言知识导学案新人教版选修7一学习目标：1 掌握课文中的重点短语和重点句型2 学会正确使用重点短语和句型二学习内容：language points in the reading passage要点解读1. qualification n.资格；证明[重点用法]qualify v. (使)具有资格，证明合格 qualification as当任(职务等)的资格qualification for在(某方面)具有资格，合格 qualify as取得……资格qualify sb．to do sth．使某人有资格做某事[典例]1) What’s the qualification as a doctor？取得当一名医生的资格是什么?2) Do you qualify for the vote? 你有投票资格吗?汉译英1) 经过大学四年的学习，他终于取得了当律师的资格。

_______________________________________________________________________2) 一纸大学文凭并不意味着能让你有获得这份工作的资格。

_______________________________________________________________________2. board n.&vt.上（船，车，飞机等）；付费；木板；布告牌易混辨析: board/aboard/abroadboard 有两个词性。

作为动词时，意为“上（船，车，飞机等）”；作为名词时，意为“木板；布告牌;膳食费用”。

aboard 有两个词性。

作为介词时，意为“在（船，车，飞机等）”;作为副词时，意为“上（船，车，飞机等）”。

abroad 只能作副词，意为“在国外，到国外”。

He pays $90 a week board and lodging. 他每周的食宿花费为90美元。

陕西省榆林市育才中学高中英语 Unit 5 Warming up and reading学案新人教版必修5学习目标：1.通过习题来复习巩固本单元知识点。

2.通过开展小组活动，积极合作，培养团队精神。

重点难点：1.本单元重点词汇和短语的用法；2.倒装结构。

使用说明：学生独立完成本学案所有习题，如有不会，小组讨论解决。

个小组将本组存在问题较集中的习题滤出，老师课堂讲解。

预习案defend against concentrate on accuse ofso as (not) to depend on be eager to do sth/for sthapprove of be supposed to look forward to1.2.She _____________ her husband ______________ having broken his words.3.I _______________ your earning some money ,but don’t give up studying.4.Stop talking and ________________ your work.5.I _______________ get that job.6.Go in quietly___________________ wake the baby.7.They are ____________________ seeing you again soon.8.Here we are well _________________ a surprise attack.9.They weren’t _____________ enter the building by the back door; however, thefront door was locked.10.Children _________________ their parents for food and clothing.Ⅱ．句型转换1. Once I was accused of playing my radio too loudly by my neighbour.= Once my neighbour ___________________________ playing my radio too loudly. 2. This morning I got up early so that I could catch the earliest train.= This morning I got up early __________________________ catch the earliest train.3. The dictionary is of great help to my translation.= The dictionary ____________________________________________ to my translation.4. I realized the importance of my health only them. （变倒装句)= ____________________________________________________________ .5. The city was not only polluted but the streets were crowde d. (变倒装句)= ____________________________________________________________.IⅡ．词组重现1.渴望干… ___________________2.注意力集中于___________________3.对…非常敏感的嗅觉 _______________4.告诉某人某事_____________________5.记住；把…记心里_______________6.控告 ____________________________7.应该做某事 _______________ 8.阻止某人做某事__________________9.期望；期盼 ______________________ 10.开始工作 _______________________11.期待某人做…_______________________ 12.批准；赞成_______________________ 13.否认做…_______________________ 14.因..内疚________________________探究案1．单项填空1. He wasn’t _________with what he had gained and wanted to get more.（2010•01•河北）A. ProudB. contentC. eagerD. anxious2. Mother went shopping; _________ , I cleaned the house.（2010•01•河北）A. WhileB. whenC. and whenD. meanwhile3. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ________ the desert.（2010•01•四川）A. CoveringB. coveredC. CoverD. to cover4.—May I have a talk with one of your sports reporters?—Sorry, but all of them are out to _________the main events of the day. （2010•01•吉林）A.GetB. findC. coverD. Search5. The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and _________ him of speeding. （2010•01•浙江）A.WarnB. accusedC. chargedD. Deprived6. Greater efforts to increase a gricultural production must be made if food shortage _________ avoided. (2010•安徽)A. is to beB. can beC. will beD. has been7. The brilliance of his satires was _________ make even his victims laugh.（2010•01•安徽）A. so as toB. such as toC. so thatD. such that2. 用动词适当形式填空1.we have earned the______________ (approve) from the government to build a new science lab.2.He is an _________________ to the manager in the company, but when he meets difficulties, the manager always comes to his _________________(assist).3.For further _______________ (inform), please ask at Reception.4.She has a ____________ for music and people think she is likely to be a ___________ musician in the future. (gift)5.He was ______________as head of department yesterday, so he was very happy to have an __________ with his wife. (appoint)6. Two years ago when he graduated from the university, he was an _______________ here. But now he is a manager and acts as an____________ (interview).7.YaoMing is a_________________ basketball player. (profession)8. She had a _____________________ (guilt) expression on her usually cheerful face.9. He was filled with ______________ (guilty) at having failed his parents.10. She was sent abroad on a difficult ________________ (assign).3. 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-10各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

陕西省榆林市育才中学高中英语 Unit 3 Grammar学案新人教版必修5学习目标:1.让学生掌握倒装的用法。

2.让学生能够正确识别倒装句，并正确理解句意。

教学重点：1.掌握倒装的类型。

2.正确运用倒装句型。

课前预习I. 在阅读课文中找出倒装句子，写在下面的横线上。

_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________II. 使用正常语序改下下面的句子.1.I did not know how to use that recorder .Neither did he._______________________________________________________________________________ 2.Only then did I begin my work on designing a new bridge._______________________________________________________________________________ 3.Not only was there a Christmas tree, but also exciting presents under it._______________________________________________________________________________ 4."Is everything ready yet?" asked HuXin to the photographer.______________________________________________________________________________ 自主学习与问题探究倒装(Inversion)在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。

陕西省榆林育才中学高中英语 Unit 5 Travelling abroad综合练习导学案（基础篇）新人教版选修7基础操练Ⅰ. 单词拼写1. Life can be compared to a journey with an unknown d .2. The railway lines run p to the road, so they will never meet.3. The doctor strongly r that Mr Smith take a holiday.4. We s a red ball for the blue one to see if the baby would notice.5. The students return in October for the start of the new a year.6. The government was forced to (承认)that its policy had failed.7. The new computer system will meet all our (要求).8. When in trouble, I looked to my family for (安慰).9. Reading (占用) most of my free time.10. You must not be (支配) b y what other people say.Ⅱ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空1. She had great difficulty herself English life.2. When we arrived, she picking up cotton in the field.3. I tried to raise my voice and making myself heard.4. Do you think pop music anything with folk music?5. The hurricane for several days and left terrible destruction across the country.6. He one of the greatest scientists of his time.7. She a foreign country and had a happy life after she retired.8. But when I saw you waiting for me with warm smiles of welcome on yours faces,I immediately without worrying about my poor English.Ⅲ. 完成句子1. 身体很快适应温度的变化。

陕西省榆林育才中学高中英语 The power of nature Writing导学案新人教版选修6学习目标：让学生学习范文的写作，欣赏美文美句：应用该单元的重点辞汇，语法造句。

让学生学习连词成句、连句成段、连段成章。

预习案范文呈现：健康的生活方式——【看图写话】【说明文】某英文报“健康生活”栏目正在讨论有关健康食物、体育锻炼与少年儿童肥胖的问题。

下面六幅图画是李明一年中的转变，请按照李明的情形写一篇短文。

Junk food 垃圾食物； snacks 各类零食本文是一篇说明类的看图写话。

成文时：一、文章采用2段式：（1）采用健康的生活方式前的情形：把3张图描述清楚；（2）采用健康的生活方式后的情形；把3张图描述清楚。

A healthy diet and regular exercise may help to prevent obesity （肥胖） among children. Take Li Ming for example. Li Ming used to be a healthy boy. But over a year ago, he got into the habit of eating a lot of junk food a nd snacks. Besides, he spent a lot of time lying on the sofa, watching TV, and did little exercise. Asa result, he put on so much weight that he found it difficult to climb the stairs. So Li Ming decided to change the unhealthy lifestyle. In addition to a balanced, healthy diet, he took an active part in various sports activities such as swimming, skating, running and playing basketball. Months later, Li Ming became as fit as before.【写作素材】（1） But over a year ago, he got into the habit of eating a lot of junk food and snacks. Besides, he spent a lot of time lying on the sofa, watching TV, and did little exercise.（2） As a result, he put on so much weight that he found it difficult to climb the stairs.（3） In addition to a balanced, healthy diet, he took an active part in various sports activities such as swimming, skating, running and playing basketball.我的收获：辞汇；____________________________________________________________________________佳句______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________看图作文的写作方式：探讨案一、汉译英1.他担忧在国外旅行的家人。

陕西省榆林育才中学高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity练习新人教版选修8 单元综合测试题一、夯基达标1). Those who will attend the meeting have different n_______________.2) Every a _________ must fill in the application form from now on.3) At least three military a _________were destroyed in the fight.p him in harvest last autumn.5). The m____________ of his income ________ spent on his house every month..6) The __________ (移民) lead a happy life in this new city.7) It is ____________ (显然)that he is not interested in this newly designed project.8) You have to have your ______________ (行李)checked before boarding.9) 我突然想起今晚我该拜访汤姆。

It _________ _________ me that I should call on Tom tonight.10)如今，许多来自农村的年轻人到大城市去谋生。

Nowadays, many young people from country are going to big cities to ________ ___________ ___________for themselves.11) 汤姆觉得把工作和乐趣结合起来不容易.It’s not easy to ______ work _______pleasure.12)有何反应他对你的回答？How did he _________ ___________ your answer?13）他们在草坪上划了个网球场。

陕西省榆林市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Several Musts for the New TermWith a new university term looking for either returning or new students, here are some musts to consider for the school year ahead.Storage bag with handlesWhether you’re a freshman or returning for a new year, you have to move to your university. This is where moving boxes come in, but if you’d rather not be troubled by luggage, these storage bags are a nice choice. They have strong handles and keep water out.Led alarm clockMake sure you wake up on time for all of your lectures with this LED alarm clock. It’s also multi-functional, doubling up as a mirror that you can use through the day. It has one USB port, as well as a wall hook and a stand for keeping it upright.Trouser hangerWe’ve all been there, not having quite enough room for your clothes and wondering how you can magically fit more clothes into the same space. In University the problem is worse, but this simple hanger set can conveniently hold jeans, trousers, skirts and more, helping to ease this common problem.Mini humidifier(增湿器)Humidifiers don’t often get talked about too much in terms of things that would be good to have in a bedroom, but there are benefits to having them. They make the room air properly wet to aid with dry skin, nose and throat issues and improve sleep.View it at Amazon●If you show interest in the goods above, you can click the link to know more about them.1．The alarm clock can also be used to________.A．make up B．watch videos C．monitor health D．make calls 2．Which is helpful for improving sleep?A．The alarm clock.B．The trouser hanger.3．Where can we probably read the passage?A．In a sports magazine.B．In a chemical paper.C．On a website.D．In a textbook.Do you like travelling? No matter travelling alone, with friends, or with a tour group, they all have advantages and disadvantages.The best thing about travelling alone is that you can do what you want to do. No waiting around in places you aren’t interested in, no missing a bus because your friend was late. Your experience will be greatly improved by travelling alone. The main worry is loneliness, but believe me, it’s not difficult to talk to and meet people. Just remember everyone is on the same boat; everyone wants to meet new people, have fun and be friendly! There’s a problem of safety in some countries, especially for women travelling alone. You should always check the foreign office of your country for advice on safety. Buying a personal alarm is a good idea for women travelling alone.Travelling with a friend does sound nice, but it depends on how well you get on: If you have similar interests or travel ideas, it should be wonderful. You will find it much cheaper to cook food in developed countries and share a room. However, a lot of people I meet travelling together don’t seem to be having as much fun and often go their separate ways.Tours are great when they go well. Some of my best memories have been with tour groups. The key there is when they go well. A terrible tour guide, quiet group and terrible food can ruin our time. My advice would be never to do a tour that is too long especially in countries with safety problems or poor transport.All in all, travelling alone is the best, but it is good to mix it up. Invite a friend from home to meet you for a few weeks. Try a tour or two—some people love them—perhaps start with a day tour.4．How many ways of travelling are mentioned in the passage?A．Two.B．Three.C．Four.D．Five. 5．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?A．Other travellers have to learn boating with you.B．Other travellers will help you make a boat.C．Other travellers have similar feelings to yours.6．What’s the author’s suggestion on travelling with friends?A．Don’t be late for the tour bus.B．Always listen to others’ travel ideas.C．Cook food when travelling in developing countries.D．Choose those who have common interests with you.7．Which of the following may the author agree with?A．We can try different ways of travelling.B．Travelling with friends is more interesting than with a tour.C．It is not necessary to get an alarm when travelling alone.D．A terrible tour guide won’t affect the trip much.You can study the English language for years and still not understand a native speaker of English when you meet one. Many language leaners know that native speakers say a lot of things that you can’t find in a dictionary. Well, here’s a secret for you: A lot of British people can’t understand each other either!Across the UK, a number of regions have different dialects—that is, they have their own unique vocabulary and grammatical phrases. There are many different accents in London, because it is not just where a person is born in the UK that decides their accent. Language and accents also vary across social class and level of education. Hence the recent rise of a new accent coined at the end of the 20th century—“Multicultural London English”.Other factors are also important in the invention of new accents and ways of speaking. These include the influence of people from different ethnic backgrounds and different age groups, too.“Yoof culture” is an example. The word “yoof” is a slang spelling of “youth”. Young people are creating their own language, concepts and identity. By using words that their parents don’t understand, children can talk about things that their parents might not approve of. For example, instead of saying something like “That’s good!” or “I understand”, yoof will use a single adjective like “Safe!”, or “Sorted!” Besides, Yoof would use “kind-a-thing,” or “sort-a-thing” to replace “if you understand what I’m saying”. In this way, they are starting to find freedom, independence and self-expression.As learners of English, we may wonder how well we can talk to a native speaker, butshows that 94 percent of the English spoken in the world today is spoken among non-native speakers of the language. In fact, when we think about “international English”, there is no such thing as a native or non-native speaker. The UK no longer owns the English language. 8．What’s the function of Paragraph 1?A．To share a story.B．To make a comparision.C．To show the author’s experience.D．To introduce the topic.9．Which of the following statements about “Multicultural London English” is TRUE?A．It’s now spoken by people around the world.B．It was invented by Londoners in the 1900s.C．It’s a modern accent that crosses educational divides.D．It’s a dialect specific to a particular social class.10．What does “Sorted!” mean in “yoof culture”?A．Watch out.B．I see.C．My pleasure.D．Hurry up. 11．What does the author want to tell us?A．Don’t worry if you cannot understand native speakers.B．Learning English well is very easy.C．Languages are always changing.D．It is important to communicate with a native speaker.Wood stork, which was on the brink of extinction in 1984, has recovered enough in Florida and other Southern states. The American wildlife officials proposed removing the waterfowl (水禽) from the endangered species list.This symbolic species, which is the only stork native to North America, has rebounded (反弹) because dedicated partners in the southeast have worked tirelessly to restore ecosystems that support it. In addition, the wood stork has increased its range in coastal areas. The birds have adapted to new nesting areas, tripling the number of colonies across their range from 29 to 99 in recent years.Credit goes mainly to the wildlife protections provided by the Endangered Species Act(ESA), which can impose restrictions on a variety of activities in areas where such species are, located, such as development, mining and oil drilling. The act saved the wood stork and it helped; preserve and rebuild vital habitats throughout the southeast, which has improvedSpecies Act has saved 99% of the species that have been on the list since 1973, with 100 types of plants and animals delisted because they have recovered or are at least stable.The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service said that restoration of the wood stork’s habitat, especially in the Florida Everglades and adjacent Big Cypress National Preserve, led to a, sharp increase in breeding pairs. Those numbers had shrunk to just 5,000 pairs in 1984, whereas there are more than 10,000 pairs today.“The proposed delisting of the wood stork is a significant milestone and a remarkable, achievement of the hard work by federal agencies, state and local governments, tribes, conservation organizations, and private citizens in protecting and restoring our most at-risk species,” Interior Secretary Deb Haaland said.If the wood stork is delisted, officials said it would remain protected by other laws including the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Clean Water Act. A monitoring plan, would be put in place for at least five years to ensure the stork population remains stable. 12．What can be inferred about the wood stork from the text?A．Its population is increasing.B．It has already died out.C．It is widely distributed worldwide.D．It is the most endangered species. 13．What contribute mostly to recovering the population of the wood stork?A．Charity organizations.B．Federal agencies.C．Protections of the ESA．D．Local companies.14．What is Deb Haaland’s attitude to the delisting of the wood stork?A．Negative.B．Doubtful.C．Indifferent.D．Positive. 15．What is the best title of the text?A．Effect of the Big Cypress National Preserve CountsB．Saving of the Endangered Wood Stork ProgressesC．Efforts to Restore the Wildlife Habitat Pay OffD．Protection of American Native Species WorksThe unpredictable nature of disasters is stressful. That’s why having an action plan in place is so important. 16HurricaneWhen a hurricane is approaching, people in its direct path are often all heading in themake plans to go with friends or family. What’s more, it’s very important to pay attention to all government warnings before and during a hurricane.Winter stormsAccording to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, winter storms create a higher risk of car accidents and several health conditions such as heart disease. 18 Besides, remember to dress warmly, prepare for power outages(断供期), and keep an eye out for signs of serious health conditions. 19 Cover as much skin as you can with hats, warm socks, gloves, etc.Flood20 Try to bring some water and food with you. If you live in a one-story home, put mattresses(床垫)on top of a dining room table for extra height in case water rushes inside. But be careful about going inside an attic(阁楼). You may find that you don’t have a way back out.A．It means the traffic on the way out can be extreme.B．Here’s what you should do in specific types of disasters.C．To help minimize your risk, you’re advised to stay indoors.D．If you have to risk going out, remember to stay warm.E．During a flood, it’s best to go to a high floor, ideally near a window.F．You can see if your home has a high flood risk through the flood maps.G．It’s important to ensure that all family members know the plan inside and out.二、完形填空Hardly had I finished my work and left my office building at 9 p. m. on a Saturday whencar making his voice 28 .“Yes, I am. And who the hell are you?” I replied with an unfriendly 29 .The man went on to tell me that he was a 30 nearby and familiar with every face and every car here. “This morning, several young men walked up and31 to take the money in your car. I would not let that happen. I came over and frightened them away, 32 to call the police. The young men ran away immediately. I was waiting for you here so that the car and your money would be 33 ,” he said.When the man gave a clear explanation of what had happened earlier, I ate my words out of 34 I knew I wronged him.“Why didn’t you 35 the money?” I asked him.“I beg, sir. But I don’t steal!” He replied determinedly and left hurriedly. 21．A．forgot B．waited C．noticed D．left 22．A．powerful B．alone C．annoyed D．equal 23．A．reminded B．attracted C．impressed D．touched 24．A．hardly B．probably C．certainly D．exactly 25．A．admiring B．cheating C．expecting D．debating 26．A．go out with B．catch up with C．get along with D．keep in touch with27．A．bus B．car C．bike D．house 28．A．common B．angry C．graceful D．unclear 29．A．destination B．invitation C．expression D．introduction 30．A．beggar B．driver C．teacher D．police 31．A．refused B．explored C．lashed D．planned 32．A．exchanging B．pretending C．improving D．packing 33．A．safe B．extra C．empty D．convenient 34．A．sadness B．strength C．awkwardness D．confidence 35．A．make B．lend C．borrow D．take三、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

陕西省榆林育才中学高中英语 Unit 5 Travelling abroad 写作导学案新人教版选修7学习目标：通过审题，学习英语作文的写法，掌握一定的写作技巧；通过独立思考，亲自练笔，用英语来表达自己的观点。

学习重点：英语作文的写法和步骤。

同学们以出国留学这一话题，共同探讨出国留学的利与弊，在老师的指引下完成一篇英语作文。

写作要求Nowadays more and more students choose to go abroad after they graduate from colleges and universities． They say that they benefit a lot from it，though some people argue that there are many hardships and difficulties. What’s your opinion about it?Write on Answer Sheet Two a composition of about 200 words on the following topic：Studying Abroad：Hardships and RewardsYou are to write in three parts．In the first part，state specifically what your idea is．In the second part，provide reasons to support your opinion OR describe your idea．In the last part，bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary．同学们，上面的作文要求你能看的懂吗？如果你还不清楚，以小组为单位共同学习一下吧。

陕西省榆林育才中学高中英语 Unit 5 Travelling abroad 阅读理解导学案新人教版选修7学习目标：1．阅读课文，掌握文章大意，根据导学案内容完成相应的练习。

2．学习本节重点词汇和短语。

3．通过略读和精读，掌握阅读理解课文的技巧。

学法指导：学会通过快速阅读课文的首段和尾段或每段的首句和末句弄清文章的大意。

尝试通过快速查找题干中的关键词迅速准确找准答案提高阅读能力。

知识链接：出国留学相关考试出国留学，一般情况都需要先过语言关，下面列出一些常见考试：去澳大利亚、新西兰、英国考雅思(雅思: International English Language Testing System，简称IELTS，中文名为国际英语语言测试系统。

此项考试是为申请赴英语国家（美国、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰等）留学、移民的非英语国家学生而设，用来评定考生运用英语的能力。

）去美国考托福（The Test of English as a Foreign Language，简称TOEFL）或雅思, 读硕士博士还需加考GRE(GRE，全称Graduate Record Examination,中文名称为美国研究生入学考试，适用于除法律与商业外的各专业。

)。

去加拿大考托福或雅思。

去澳大利亚签证时须提供雅思成绩。

去德国考DAF。

去法国考TEF。

去日本考国际日语水平考试。

去韩国考KPT（Korean Proficiency Test）。

上述为大多数学校的要求，从目前的状况来看，欧美澳留学，雅思仍然是非常重要的考试！留学考试是学生去母国以外的国家接受短期或者长期教育的必须资格考试。

留学考试主要分为两种，一种是语言考试，如托福，雅思等。

主要目的是考察学生是否适应国外的语言环境，进行正常的学习和生活。

另一种是语言及综合学习能力考试，如学生到北美读本科需在托福考试的基础上，通过SAT或ACT考试，而到北美读研究生院或商学院需要通过托福考试后，完成GRE，GMAT或LSAT等考试。

陕西省榆林育才中学高中英语 5.1 The power of nature vocabulary导学案新人教版选修6学习目标: 本单元有关词汇，其中课标词汇50个。

学法指导：自主记忆,寻求构词规律和语音特点，掌握课标词汇。

第一部分：预习案1.高声朗读下列单词的音标：1.[vɔlˈkeinəu]2.[iˈrʌpt]3.[ˈhʌrikən]4.[əlɔŋˈsaid]5.[iˈkwipmənt]6.[əˈpɔint}7.[ˈfauntin]8.[ˈæbsəlu:tli]9. [pəˈtenʃəl]10. [æʃ]11.[ˈkændideit] 12.[ˈpreʃəs] 13. [ˈreinbəu] 14. [ʌnˈkʌmftəbəl]15.[ʌnˈkɔnʃəs] 16. [æŋˈzaiəti] 17.[ˈpænik] 18.[daiˈvə:siti]2.请同学们朗读下列词汇，每词两遍，并尽可能在脑海中再现意境diagram fountain document volcano rainbow erupt unfortunate unfortunately ash suit unconscious anxiety database evaluate wav e candidate typhoon thunderstorm precious novelist hurricane shoot questionnaire alongside boot tremble equipment actual potential anxiety bathe appreciation guarantee panic diverse lava crater spaceman sample sweat balcony peak arouse spectacularcandidate typhoon thunderstorm precious novelist hurricane shoot unfortunately ash suit unconscious anxiety database evaluate wave3.请同学们将课本翻到93-94页，写出下列高频词汇的词性及词义。