2020届高三名师教育精准培优专练培优点十阅读理解----推理判断一、真题在线Passage 1（2019·浙江卷，A）Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(军队的) medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet. But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and returns them.His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A. G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart — he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrado’s sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: “Who are you? What antique shop?” However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y. “At that point, I knew she meant business,” Zac says. “To drive eight hours to come to see me.”The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in action in Europe.Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zac’s mother had found was a family treasure. “This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions(场合) would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands,” Adeline says.As a child, Adeline couldn’t understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew older,” Adeline says, “and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left.” Corrado Piccoli’s Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Corrado’s medal, Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.21. Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself？A. In the army.B. In an antique shop.C. From his mother.D. From Adeline Rockko.22. What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him?A. She was very impolite.B. She was serious about the medal.C. She suspected his honesty.D. She came from a wealthy family.23. What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?A. Her parents’ advice.B. Her knowledge of antiques.C. Her childhood dream.D. Her memory of her brother.Passage 2（2019·上海卷，C）Everything about nuclear energy seems terrifically big: the cost, construction and decommissioning — and the fears of something going badly wrong.The future, however may well be much smaller. Dozens of companies are working on a new generation of reactors that, they promise, can deliver nuclear power at lower cost and reduced risk.These small-scale plants will on average generate between 50MW and 300MW of power compared with the 1,000MW-plus from a conventional reactor. They will draw on modular manufacturing techniques that will reduce construction risk, which has plagued larger-scale projects. Supporters believe these advanced modular reactors (AMRs) — most of which will not be commercial until the 2030s — are critical if atomic power is to compete against the rapidly falling costs of solar and wind.“The physics hasn’t changed. It’s about much cleverer design that offers much-needed flexibility in terms of operation,” said Tim Stone, long-term industry adviser and chairman of Nuclear risk Insurers, which insures nuclear sites in the UK.Since the Fukushima meltdown in Japan in 2011, safety fears have threatened nuclear power. But the biggest obstacle today is economic. In western Europe, just three plants are under construction: in the UK at Hinkley point C in Somerset; at Flamanville in France; and at Olkiluoto in Finland. All involve the European Pressurized Reactortechnology of EDF that will be used at Hinkley Point. All are running years late and over budget. In the US, the first two nuclear projects under way for the past 30 years are also blowing through cost estimates.The UK, which opened the world’s first commercial nuclear reactor in 1956, is one of the few western nations committed to renewing its ageing fleet to ensure energy security and meet tough carbon reduction targets. It is seen as a proving ground, by many in the industry, of nuclear power’s ability to restore confidence.However, the country’s agreement with EDF to build two units at Hinkley Point — which together will generate 3.2GW of electricity — has come under severe criticism over its cost. The government is looking at different funding models but said it still sees nuclear power as vital to the country’s future energy mix. Small reactors, it believes, have the potential to generate much-needed power from the 2030s.A nuclear sector deal, unveiled last month, promised up to ￡56m in funding for research and development into AMRs and attracted interest of start-ups from around the world. The government hopes the funding will give the UK a lead in the global race to develop these technologies, helping to provide energy security while also creating a multibillion-dollar export market for British engineering companies.63. Which of the following is true about the advanced modular reactors (AMRs)?A. AMRs produce more power than traditional reactors.B. Small in scale, AMRs rose more safety risks.C. So far, most AMRs have not been put into use yet.D. Governments prefer energy of solar and wind to that of AMRs.64. In paragraph 5, the author mentions the plants in Western Europe and the US to ________.A. prove that nuclear power has been threatened by safety concernB. show that the construction of nuclear power plants cost more than the budget availableC. indicate the construction of nuclear plants are slow in speedD. point out that most power plants have adopted the latest nuclear technology65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Some people have lost confidence in the development of nuclear plants.B. The UK government seeks to reduce the negative impact of nuclear power on its economy.C. The plan to build two power plants in Hinkley Point has been deserted.D. a kind costs for small modular reactors would be higher relative to large nuclear reactors.66. Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?A. Britain counts on nuclear energy to keep lights onB. Traditional nuclear plants boom with mini reactorsC. Nuclear’s share of power generation remain steadD. Nuclear power looks to shrink its way to successPassage 3（2019·北京卷，C）The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. V oice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications — using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?A. Panicked.B. Confused.C. Embarrassed.D. Disappointed.39. Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.A. aim at victims preciselyB. damage databases easilyC. start campaigns rapidlyD. spread information widely40. What does the passage imply?A. Honesty is the best policy.B. Technologies can be double-edged.C. There are more solutions than problems.D. Credibility holds the key to development.41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RobocallsC. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousD. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of TechnologyPassage 4（2018·全国新课标II，C）Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion(比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainlydue to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Children’s reading habits.B. Quality of children’s books.C. Children’s after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.29. Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?A. In paragraph 2.B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4.D. In paragraph 5.30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm children’s health.D. E-readers are expensive.31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask them to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.二、对点专练Passage 1Please take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal. Imagine telling someone you meet today what you’re going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesn’t it feel good to say it out loud? Don’t you feel one step closer already? Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.Any time you have a goal, there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you’d actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and he acknowledges(认可) it, psychologists have found it’s called a “social reality”. The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that it’s already done. And then, because you’ve felt that satisfaction, you’re less motivated to do the actual hard work necessary. This goes against the traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?In 1982, Peter Gollwitzer, a Professor of Psychology, wrote a whole book about this. And in 2009, he did some new tests that were published. It goes like this: 163 people across four separate tests — everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment(许诺) to this goal to the room, and half didn’t. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time. Now those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.1. What do the words “social reality” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Completion of the goal.B. Necessary hard work.C. People’s acknowledgement.D.A sense of satisfaction.2. What does Peter Gollwitzer try to tell us?A. Writing down the goal is very helpful.B. Achieving personal goal needs more time.C. Keeping the goal secret makes people work harder.D. Making the goal public makes people less satisfied.3. How did Peter Gollwitzer prove his idea about people’s goal?A. By giving figures.B. By giving examples.C. By making a survey.D. By making comparison tests.4. What will probably happen if you tell your friends your goal?A. You will be more confident.B. You will not gain satisfaction.C. You are less likely to realize it.D. You’ll be much more motivated.Passage 2Increasing numbers of airports, especially in Europe, are promoting a “silent airport” idea. It is to reduce noise pollution, such as airport-wide announcements, without sacrificing timely and helpful updates of information.International airports were once characterized by their high voices, competing gate announcements and so on. This is all changing. Angela Gittens, director general of Airports Council International (ACI), says there is a growing desire among airports and airlines they serve to create a calm, relaxed atmosphere without being disturbed by announcements. “Passengers can relax while they wait for their flight to board in the common airside lounges(休闲区), and food and drink areas,” she says.In June, Helsinki Airport in Finland — a country where the tourism slogan(口号) is “silence, please” — became the most recent airport to adopt the silent concept. As part of its commitment to quieting things down, announcements for flights are made only in boarding gate areas.Lost track of time in the shops?Too bad.Nobody’s going to call you to your flight, as announcements in all terminals will be made only in exceptional(尤其) emergency circumstances.Heikki Koski, vice president of Helsinki Airport, says that improved flight information display system and interactive kiosks(交互式自助服务机), together with advances in mobile technology, are changing the way airports communicate with passengers. At Munich airport, InfoGate kiosks allow for video-based face-to-face conversation with a live customer service representative in the traveler’s language of choice. Interactive signs, on the other hand, give directions at the touch of finger. Passengers can tap a “you are here” display to get directions and approximate walking time to their destinations.Of course, an airport will never be as silent as a temple. There will continue to be a need for airport-wide emergency announcements along with boarding calls. But at silent airports, the latter can be restricted to specific gates, as has adopted in Helsinki.5. What is Angela Gittens’ opinion on the silent airport concept?A. It makes airport noise-free.B. It is intended for passengers’ benefit.C. It has changed international airports’ reputation.D. It has encouraged the catering industry in airports.6. What should passengers pay close attention to at Helsinki Airport?A. Their boarding time.B. Finland’s tourism slogan.C. The shop’s opening hours.D. The “you are here” display.7. Why is Munich Airport mentioned in the text?A. To show its popularity.B. To introduce Infogate kiosks.C. To prove Heikki Koski’s words.D. To be compared with Helsinki Airport.8. What is the best title for the text?A. Silence, please. This is an airport.B. Can airports be as quiet as temples?C. Silent airports all around the world.D. Technology helps airports become interactive.Passage 3September 8, 2017, was an exciting date for Katey Walter Anthony. On this cool, windless evening she first visited Alaska’s Lake Esieh. Few people visit this remote area of wilderness, covered by frozen ground with spruce trees. Thousands of lakes dot the region. But Walter Anthony quickly realized that this lake was strange. As her boat moved across it, she came to a place where the water seemed to be boiling.The water wasn’t warm. Bubbles of all sizes streamed up, popping at the surface. One bubble, as large as a softball, gave off a loud sound as it burst. The bubbles, which rose with such force that they slowly pushed her boat to the side, covered a part of the lake larger than a football field.Walter Anthony leaned over the edge of the boat and collected some bubbles in a bottle. Then she struck a match and opened the bottle to release the gas she had just collected. The gas caught fire!The fire dancing over the bottle confirmed her belief. It showed that the lake was flowing out a gas called methane(甲烷). Each molecule(CH4) contains one atom of carbon bonded to four atoms of hydrogen. As a strong greenhouse gas, it can absorb radiation from the sun, warming the atmosphere. Methane, along with carbon dioxide, is a major source of global warming.Scientists believe that the Arctic could release large amounts of methane over the next 100 years. Some of them worry that this methane will cause the world to warm more quickly than they had predicted.Walter Anthony has spent nearly 20 years trying to understand this threat. She is trying to measure how much methane is coming out of warming Arctic lakes. And to her, Lake Esieh could be a warning. If other lakes respond the same way, the Arctic could be poised to flow out far more methane than anyone had expected. “We don’t even know how much gas is down there,” she says. “It’s a wild card.”9. Why is Lake Esieh considered strange?A. The water there is boiling.B. It is located in a remote area.C. Bubbles there give off a loud sound.D. It is flowing out a gas that can catch fire.10. What effect does the gas from the lake have on the environment?A. It warms the water of the Arctic lakes.B. It pollutes the fresh air in the Arctic.C. It takes in the sunlight and holds the Arctic ice.D. It absorbs carbon dioxide and gives off oxygen.11. How does Walter Anthony feel about the gas methane?A. It is amusing.B. It is beneficial.C. It is a blessing.D. It is a threat.12. Where might this text come from?A. A science fiction.B. A tourist brochure.C. A science report.D. A geography textbook.Passage 4When men and women take personality tests, some of the old Mars-Venus stereotypes(定式) keep reappearing. On average, women are more cooperative, kind, cautious and emotionally enthusiastic. Men tend to be more competitive, confident, rude and emotionally flat. Clear differences appear in early childhood and never disappear.What’s not clear is the origin of these differences. Evolutionary psychologists think that these are natural features from ancient hunters and gatherers. Another school of psychologists argues that both sexes’ personalities have been shaped by traditional social roles, and that personality differences will shrink as women spend less time taking care of children and more time in jobs outside the home.To test these hypotheses(假设), a series of research teams have repeatedly analyzed personality tests taken by men and women in more than 60 countries around the world. For evolutionary psychologists, the bad news is that thesize of the gender gap in personality varies among cultures. For social-role psychologists, the bad news is that the change is going in the wrong direction. It looks as if personality differences between men and women are smaller in traditional cultures like India’s or Zimbabwe’s than in the Netherlands or the United States. A husband and a stay-at-home wife in a patriarchal(男权的) Botswanan clan(部族) seem to be more alike than a working couple in Denmark or France. The more Venus and Mars have equal rights and similar jobs, the more their personalities seem to separate.These findings are so unbelievable that some researchers have argued they must be due to cross-cultural problems with the personality tests. But according to new data from 40.000 men and women on six continents, David P. Schmitt and his colleagues conclude that the trends are real. Dr. Schmitt, a psychologist at Bradley University in Illinois and the director of the International Sexuality Description Project, suggests that as wealthy modern societies level(使平等) the barriers between women and men, some ancient internal differences are being developed.The biggest changes recorded by the researchers involve the personalities of men, not women.Men in traditional agricultural societies and poorer countries seem more cautious and anxious, less confident and less competitive than men in the most progressive and rich countries of Europe and North America.To explain these differences, Dr. Schmitt and his partners from Austria and Estonia point to the hardships of life in poorer countries. They note that in some other species, environmental stress tends to extremely affect the larger sex. And, they say, there are examples of stress decreasing biological sex differences in humans.13. According to personality tests, the differences between men and women begin to exist________.A. occasionally and temporarilyB. randomly and foreverC. regularly and constantlyD. early and permanently14. What is stated in Paragraph 2 is to indicate________.A. psychologists have no way to know the origin of the differencesB. experts fight against one anotherC. the explanation for the differences is open to testsD. women will solve the problem of the personality differences15. Now researchers tend to believe that the differences between men and women________.A. originate from ancient hunters and gatherersB. are shaped by traditional social roles they playC. are affected by traditional culturesD. vary from one culture to another16. What can be inferred about Dr. Schmitt?A. He doesn’t recognize the findings above.B. He thinks social environment contributes to some internal differences.C. He believes wealthy women and men are equal.D. He has no examples to explain the differences at all.培优点十阅读理解----推理判断一、真题在线Passage 1（2019·浙江卷，A）【答案】21-23 ABD【解析】这是一篇记叙文。
