11 生态文明The Chinese government raised the protection level of Chinese pangolins (穿山甲) to the top level on World Environment Day—June 5th. Pangolins used to be at the second level under national protection. This act makes people pay more attention to ecological civilization (生态文明). It also shows our great determination to fight against the illegal hunting (非法捕猎) and the trading of wild animals and other things made from them.According to a national wildlife study in the 1990s, there were about 60,000 Chinese pangolins in 11 provinces, including Yunnan, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan and Zhejiang. Until now, pangolins have become fewer and fewer because of the living places that are being destroyed, crazy hunting and smuggling. In 2017, Chinese pangolins were placed on the Red Lis of Threatened Species after a team of experts believed their number had dropped by 90 percent in the past years.“The value of pangolins to the ecosystem is much more than the value of their meat or scales (鳞). There is a l ong way to go in protecting them, but we can start by saying no to things made from them,” said Zhou Fei, chief program officer of the World Wildlife Fund of China.What’s more, the pangolin has a very strong response (反应) to stress, which means that it easily becomes nervous when it is caught.Pangolin scales have been taken away from the Chinese Pharmacopeia (药典). It means the scales will no longer be used as a kind of medicine.1．Now, Chinese pangolins are ________.A．at the top protection level B．at the second protection levelC．at the third protection level D．not under national protection2．What does the underlined word “smuggling” mean in this passage?A．灭绝B．走私C．饥饿D．自杀3．As students, what can we do to protect the pangolins according to the passage?A．We can fight against the illegal hunters by ourselves.B．We can help to find more living places for them.C．We can tell people the value of their meat and scales.D．We can refuse to buy things made from them.4．Which of the following is TRUE?A．Pangolins’ number has dropped by 80 percent in the past years.B．Pangolin scales have been taken away from the Chinese PharmacopeiaC．We can protect pangolins in a short time.D．The pangolin hardly becomes nervous when it is caught.5．The main purpose of this passage is to tell us ________.A．what kind of medicine pangolins can be used asB．what value pangolins bring usC．why our government raised the protection level of pangolinsD．why pangolins have become fewer and fewerA grand international horticultural（园艺）exhibition kicked off on April 29, 2019 Monday in Beijing. Chinese President Xi expressed his hope that the green development concept（理念）embodied（体现）by the Expo park would be spread to “every corner of the world”.The International Horticultural Exhibition 2019 Beijing is the highest-level and largest international fair held in China after the International Horticultural Exhibition held in the southwest city of Kunming in 1999, the 2010 Shanghai World Expo and the first China International Import Expo in 2018.“The development model of ‘killing the hens for eggs' and ‘draining（排空）the lake for fish' is at a dead end, "Xi said in his speech at the opening ceremony of the Expo. "The future will be illuminated（发光的）byeco-friendly development that is i n accordance with the rules of nature.”“China's ecological civilization（生态文明）development is on fast track. People will live in a better environment with blue sky, green mountains and clear water, "Xi said." We should protect the ecological environment lik e protecting our eyes and value it in the same way we value our lives.”“Only with concerted efforts can we effectively（有效）deal with global environment issues such as climate change, marine（海洋）pollution and biological protection and achieve the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable（可持续的）Development goals," he said.He put forward a five-point suggestion: pursuing（追求）harmony between human and nature, prosperity（繁荣）based on green development, a passion for mature-caring lifestyles, a scientific spirit in ecological governance and joint efforts to deal with environmental challenges."The Beijing Horticultural Expo, themed ‘Live Green, Live Better', is one of the major international events hosted by China in 2019, which marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. It indicates（标识）that China has changed from a participant（参与者）in global green development to a contributor and leader, "said Wu Shunze, an expert with the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. A total of 110 countries and international organizations will attend the 162-day event.6．The underlined phrase "kicked off" in the Paragraph 1 means “____________”.A．started B．ended C．celebrated D．joined7．From the passage we can know that the International Horticultural Exhibition 2019 Beijing __________.A．is first hosted by ChinaB．is covered with green parkC．is held in Kunming, YunnanD．lasts 162 days in total8．From the passage, we can learn that President Xi___________.A．thinks eco-friendly development is less importantB．gives 5 suggestions on ecological environmentC．thinks China's ecological civilization development is slowD．advises us to kill the hens for eggs to protect environment9．“Live green, Live Better” means that ___________.A．if we live in a green environment, we will live betterB．if we want to live better, we should live in a green roomC．green can change global environmental problems effectivelyD．the world in the future must be coloured in green everywhere10．The writer of the passage wants to show us________.A．the wonderful opening ceremony of the ExpoB．Chinese leadership in global green developmentC．the importance of green development conceptD．the future green environment in the expo parkWould it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees can communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation—their young trees?Suzanne Simard, forest ecologist (生态学家) at the University of British Columbia, explains how trees are much more complex (复杂的) than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin (达尔文) thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard and her team have made a new discovery and showed just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their group work and support, passing around necessary nutrition (营养) such as nitrogen (氮) and carbon "depending on who needs it".Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks. This makes sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it influences all.Simard talks about "Mother trees". These are usually the largest, oldest plants on which all other trees depend. These "Mother trees" are connected to all the other trees in the forest by this network of fungi, and may manage the resources of the whole trees and plants in the forest. She explains how these trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important resources to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down "Mother trees" without paying attention to these highly complex "tree societies" of the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances to save the whole forest."We didn't take any notice of it," Simard says sadly. "Mother trees" move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance. If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.11．The underlined sentence "the opposite is true" in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees ________. A．compete for survival B．protect their own wealthC．depend on each other D．provide support for dying trees12．"Mother trees" are very important because they ________.A．look the largest in size in the forest B．pass on nutrition to young treesC．bring more wealth to humans D．know more about the "tree societies"13．We can learn from the passage that ________.A．trees aren't as complex as we thinkB．Charles Darwin had the same opinion as SimardC．if "Mother trees" are cut down, they won't make difference to young treesD．trees can share resources with other ones by the underground fungi networksPassage4Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees can communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation---their young trees?Suzanne Simard, forest ecologist(生态学家) at the University of British Columbia, explains how trees are much more complex(复杂的) than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin(达尔文) thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard and her team have made a new discovery and showed just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their group work and support, passing around necessary nutrition(营养) such as nitrogen(氮) and carbon “depending on who needs it”.Nitrogen(氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks.This makes sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it influences all.Simard talks about “Mother trees”. These are usually the largest, oldest plants that on which all other trees depend. These “Mother trees” are connected to all the other trees in the forest by thi s network of fungi, and may manage the resources of the whole trees and plants in the forest. She explains how these trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important resources to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humanscut down “Mother trees” without paying attention to these highly complex “tree societies” of the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances to save the whole forest.“We didn’t take any notice of it,” Simard says sadly. “Mother trees” move nu trition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance. If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.14．The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees. A．compete for survivalB．protect their own wealthC．depend on each otherD．provide support for dying trees15．“Mother trees”are very important because they.A．look the largest in size in the forestB．pass on nutrition to young treesC．bring more wealth to humansD．know more about the “tree societies”16．The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to(指代) .A．how “tree societies” workB．how trees grow oldC．how forestry industry developsD．how young trees survive17．We can learn from the passage that .A．trees aren’t as complex as we think.B．Charles Darwin had the same opinion as Simard.C．if “Mother trees” are cut down, they won’t make difference to young trees.D．trees can share resources with other ones by the underground fungi networksWhat do people usually put in their living rooms? Perhaps you will think of something such as a TV, a coffee table or a sofa. But French designers（设计师）Mathieu Lehanne ur and Anthony van den Bossche didn’t think that was enough. They wanted to add something new in people’s living rooms. So they created a do-it-yourself ecosystem (生态系统) named “Local River”. The system lets its owner grow fish and plants inside tanks（缸）in their living rooms.In the DIY fish and gardening ecosystem, the plants on top of the tank feed on the waste of the fish below. It makes the water clean so the fish can go on living. In this way, the fish and plants in the “Local River”can keep the balanc ed environment with a little help from the owner. The system is also called “fridge-aquarium (冰箱水族馆)” by some people because owners can use the fish and plants as food. That is to say, owners are able to grow fish and plants within the "Local River" before eating them. Almost any plant can grow on top of the tanks and most freshwater fish are able to live in the tanks below.The“Local River”ecosystem from Paris comes in small and large models. It is a relaxing thing to have in your home.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
