2016-2017年高考非谓语动词真题汇编

2016年高考试题及模拟题分项解析之专题3非谓语动词和交际用语1.【2016·北京】26. ________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.A. MadeB. MakeC. MakingD. To make【答案】D考点：考查不定式作目的状语【名师点睛】一、不定式的作用1、作主语：不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。

往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。

如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。

（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。

试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对）（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语(1) 动词+不定式。

如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等(1)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。

专题六非谓语动词[全国卷考情分析] 题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.2．(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends，16year old Sarah is not spending halfnot spending halfterm resting(rest)term resting(rest)．3．(2016年全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to_create(create) special designs.1考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等)；2．考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。

短文改错1.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ) The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning→Turn left！”！”2．(2017年全国卷Ⅱ) When summer comes，they will invite their students ∧topick the fresh vegetables! 3．(2016年全国卷Ⅱ)We can choose between staying at home and take→taking a trip..1.谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用；2．过去分词与现在分词的错用；3．不定式符号to的多余或缺失；4．to是介词还是不定式符号的误判。

(对应学生用书第252页) 非谓语动词的形式及意义[先试做题组先试做题组] ] 单句语法填空1．(2015年天津高考) Having_worked(work) for two days ，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule . 2．Henry can 't attend the party being_held(hold) at Tom 's house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party to_be_held(hold) at Marie 's house tomorrow . 3．(重庆高考)The engine just won 't start .Something seems to_have_gone(go)wrong with it . [再解读要点] 非谓语动词主动语态 被动语态 意义不定式不定式 一般式to do to be done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式 to be doing 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生的动作同时发生完成式to have done to have been done 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式 doing being done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生时发生现在分词/动名词 完成式 having done having been done 表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生词的动作发生 过去分词一般式done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成关系，表完成(2017年江苏高考)Many Chinese brands ，ha v ing developed their reputations over centuries ，are facing new challenges from the modern market .很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。

【英语】高考英语非谓语动词真题汇编(含答案)一、单项选择非谓语动词1．Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ in a short period.A．improved B．improvingC．to improve D．improve【答案】A【解析】宾语written English与improve之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。

2．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we refused his offer.A．not finishing B．had not been finishedC．not having finished D．not finished【答案】D【解析】试题分析：在这里，our work处在逗号位置，作整个句子的原因状语，这里应填非谓语动词。

work和finish存在逻辑上的被动关系，所以应该用过去分词，故选D。

考点：独立主格结构的考查点评：独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。

前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。

独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。

独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。

3．The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world.A．filling B．filledC．being filled D．to fill【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。

非谓语动词历年高考真题1．(2016·浙江高考)，I’d a () 2012. 2．(2016·浙江高考)I I () .3．(2016·浙江高考)，() .4．(2016·浙江高考)I I () .5．(2016·江苏高考)， a () .6．(2016·江苏高考)() .7．(2016·天津高考)，() .8．(2016·天津高考)I’m () .9．(2016·全国Ⅰ) 1931，() .10．(2016·全国Ⅰ)() .11．(2016·四川高考)() 2016，2016－17 2017 . 12．(2016·四川高考) () .13．(2016·北京高考) () ，’d .14．(2016·北京高考) () a ，.15．(2016·北京高考)－，() a .1．(2015·江苏高考)() a , .2．(2015·湖南高考) a , , () .3．(2015·湖南高考) I a () .4．(2015·北京高考)() , a .5．(2015·北京高考), () .6．(2015·北京高考)() , ’ .7．(2015·浙江高考), () .8．(2015·重庆高考)() , a , a .9．(2015·重庆高考), () .10．(2015·陕西高考), () .11．(2015·陕西高考)－, () . 12．(2015·天津高考)() , ’t . 13．(2015·天津高考) () , . 14．(2015·安徽高考)() . 15．(2015·福建高考) () , . 16．(2015·福建高考)“” , () “” “”．17．(2014·湖南高考)，() . 18．(2014·北京高考)，()．19．(2014·大纲卷)() . 20．(2014·湖南高考)，() ，. 21．(2014·江西高考)() . 22．(2014·山东高考)’s a () . 23．(2014·天津高考)，，() ’t . 24．(2014·陕西高考)() ，I . 25．(2014·四川高考)() . 26．(2014·天津高考)()，. 27．(2014·重庆高考)() . 28．(2014·安徽高考)()，. 29．(2014·北京高考)，() . 30．(2014·福建高考)() ，. 31．(2014·江苏高考)()，a －－.6非谓语动词【高考真题演练】1．2016年高考真题1．[句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。

【精品】历年全国高考英语非谓语动词试题汇总及答案一、单项选择非谓语动词1．________ nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.A． Having spent B．To spendC． Spent D． To have spent【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：已经花完了几乎所有的钱，我们无法支付住宾馆的费用。

动词不定式表将来和目的，根据句意可知，“花钱”的动作发生在过去，排除B、 D；过去分词表完成和被动，we与spend是主谓关系，应该用现在分词，排除C；当两个动作有先后关系时，用现在分词的完成式，现在分词的完成式在本句相当于because we have spent nearly all our money，表原因。

故选A。

2．______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies.A． Having exposed B．Being exposed C． To exposeD． Exposed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动名词。

句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。

分析句子成分发现 even for a short time 是插入语， may influence 是谓语，前面的部分应该是主语， beexposed to 暴“露于”，要用动名词 Being exposed to。

故 B 选项正确。

3．The press should expand its influence in international public opinion to make China ’ s voice better ______ in the world.A． hearing B．to be heardC． hear D． heard【答案】 D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。

历年全国高考英语非谓语动词试题汇总及答案一、单项选择非谓语动词1．The lecture ________, a lively question-and answer session followed.B． had been given C． to be given D． having been given A． being given【答案】 D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词用法。

句意：发表演讲之后，接下来是现场提问时间。

句中逻辑主语lecture与动词give 是被动关系，故需要用被动语态。

being given指正在进行的演讲；to be given将要发表的演讲。

having been given则强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词follow的动作之前。

故选 D 项。

2．Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ______ a good researcher. A． make B． turnC． get D． grow【答案】 A【解析】考查动词辨析。

make 表示“发展成为 (=develop into) ，”是及物动词； turn 表示“变成，成为”是不及物动词； get “变成，做成”是不及物动词； grow 表示“生长，成长”。

根据句意“缺乏智能和毅力的人是不可能成为一个好的研究人员的。

”及句式结构可知，此处应使用及物动词表示“使成为”之意， make a good researcher 意为“成为一个出色的研究者”。

故最佳答案应为 A项。

3．（北京） During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A． share B． to shareC． having shared D． shared【答案】 B【解析】考查非谓语动词。

高考英语非谓语动词真题汇编(含答案)一、单项选择非谓语动词1．Tsinghua University,________ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A．found B．founding C．founded D．to be founded【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。

句意: 建立于1911年的清华大学是大量杰出人物的母校。

Tsinghua University和found之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词作后置定语, 选C。

2．The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have _______ right from wrong. A．distinguished B．distinguishingC．to distinguish D．to be distinguished【答案】B【解析】试题分析：首先have difficult /trouble doing sth是固定词组。

The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right from wrong在这个句子中，deal with的宾语是trouble，所以后面的句子是修饰trouble这个词的定语从句。

考点：固定用法考查点评：对于固定用法，平时一定要多归纳、总结和记忆。

3．I got to the office earlier that day, ________ the 7：30 train from Paddington.A．caught B．to have caughtC．to catch D．having caught【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：那天我早到了办公室，因为赶上了7:30那趟来自帕丁顿的火车。

高考英语非谓语动词真题汇编(含答案)及解析一、单项选择非谓语动词1．If there is a lot of work _________．I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished．A．to do B．to be doingC．done D．doing【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：如果有很多工作要做，我很乐意一直把它做完。

分析句子可知，用不定式做定语表示未发生的动作，放在被修饰词的名词、代词后，此处to do在句中做定语修饰work，主动形式表示被动含义，故选A。

2．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______， he gladly accepted it. A．finished B．finishingC．having finished D．was finished【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意John接到一张宴会的邀请，他的工作已经完成，他高兴地接受了。

这里含有with复合结构，动作finish与his work之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，选A。

考点：考查with复合结构,X,K]3．The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have _______ right from wrong. A．distinguished B．distinguishingC．to distinguish D．to be distinguished【答案】B【解析】试题分析：首先have difficult /trouble doing sth是固定词组。

The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right from wrong在这个句子中，deal with的宾语是trouble，所以后面的句子是修饰trouble这个词的定语从句。

非谓语动词历年高考真题研究好资料欢迎下载。

以下为历年高考真题的非谓语动词题目及答案：1.(2016·浙江高考) To return to the problem of water n。

I’d like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.2.(2016·浙江高考) I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend many more in the coming years.3.(2016·浙江高考) When their children lived far away from them。

these old people felt cut off from the world.4.(2016·浙江高考) I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students.5.(2016·江苏高考) In art criticism。

you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.6.(2016·江苏高考) Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.7.(2016·天津高考) The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows。

making air ning unnecessary.8.(2016·天津高考) I’m going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.9.(2016·全国Ⅰ) In 1931.Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.10.There is evidence suggesting that the trend of grandparents moving closer to their children and grandchildren is growing。

【英语】历年全国高考英语非谓语动词试题汇总及答案一、单项选择非谓语动词1．The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world.A．filling B．filledC．being filled D．to fill【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。

句意：热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方，充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。

固定词组：be filled with被……充满，此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去分词做伴随状态，故选B。

2．115．______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day. A．Expressing B．Expressed C．To express D．Having expressed【答案】C【解析】考查动词不定式。

句意：为了表达他的爱，克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了一条感谢信。

用不定式表目的，故选C。

3．The press should expand its influence in international public opinion to make China’s voice better ______ in the world.A．hearing B．to be heardC．hear D．heard【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：新闻应该扩大其在国际舆论中的影响力，使中国的声音更好地在世界上被听到。

“中国的声音”与“听到”之间是被动关系，用make sth. done结构，故选D。

4．With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dadA．buy B．to buy C．buying D．to have bought【答案】B【解析】句意：父亲节将要到来, 为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。

（英语）高考英语非谓语动词真题汇编( 含答案 ) 含分析一、单项选择非谓语动词1．（北京） During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A． share B． to shareC． having shared D． shared【答案】 B【分析】观察非谓语动词。

句意：在中秋节时期，家人们往常汇聚在一同吃饭，观月，品尝月饼。

gather 是谓语动词，“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes是”状语，家人聚在一同的目的是吃饭，观月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故 B 选项正确。

点睛：动词不定式能够做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。

动词不定式做目的状语时，能够置于主句从前也能够置于主句以后，往常译为“为了”。

2．（天津） I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.A． taking B． takenC． being taken D． take【答案】 B【分析】观察非谓语动词。

句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不摄影片。

此题观察非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语 my photograph 与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。

C 项表示正在进行。

应选 B。

点睛：此题观察的非谓语动词为高中要点语法之一。

在剖析题目的时候，第一要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再剖析两者之间的关系，最后依据句意选择正确的答案。

3．115． ______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank- you note on Mother’ s Day.A． ExpressingB．Expressed C． To express D． Having expressed【答案】 C【分析】观察动词不定式。

英语非谓语动词真题汇编(含答案)及解析一、非谓语动词1．I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport.A. to pick upB. picking upC. picked up【答案】 A【解析】【分析】我今天早上早早起床，为了在机场接我的奶奶。

短语pick up表示接某人，用动词不定式to do表示目的。

根据题意，故选A。

【点评】考查动词不定式。

掌握动词不定式做目的状语的用法。

2．—What does the sign mean?—It tells us ____________ in public.A. didn't smokeB. don't smokeC. not to smokeD. not smoke【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意：——这个标志是什么意思——它告诉我们在公众场所不要吸烟。

根据短语tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”，故此处为动词不定式not to smoke。

故选C。

【点评】考查固定搭配tell sb not to do sth。

3．—Have you ever heard that China is building a nationwide 5G network?—Right. 5G will allow us ________ English movies faster than ever.A. downloadB. downloadsC. to downloadD. downloading【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意——你听说了中国正在建造全国5G网络吗？——对，5G将会让我们比原来更快的速度下载英文电影。

allow sb to do sth，允许某人做某事，固定短语，应使用动词不定式，故答案是C。

【点评】考查动词不定式，注意识记固定搭配allow sb. to do sth结构。

高三英语非谓语动词真题汇编（含答案）含解析一、单项选择非谓语动词1．（北京）During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together ________a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A．share B．to shareC．having shared D．shared【答案】 B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。

句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。

gather 是谓语动词，“ ______________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes 是”状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故 B 选项正确。

点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。

动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。

2．Hearing the news, she rushed out, ________ the book ______ on the table anddisappeared into the distance.A．left; lain open B．left; lay openedC．leaving; lie opened D．leaving; lying open【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。

句意：听见这个消息，她冲了出去，留在书本打开着放在桌子上，就消失在远处了。

第一空leave与she构成主动关系，使用现在分词的形式。

第二空the book与lie 构成主动关系，还是使用现在分词的形式，open 是形容词表示状态，lying open 是宾语补足语，对the book进行补充说明。

故D选项正确。

【点睛】leave 的几种用法leave 除了离开之外，还有以下几种用法：一、作"留下"、"丢下"、"落下",常表示某物落在/忘在某地。

非谓语动词历年高考真题1．(2016 ·浙江高考 )To return to the problem of water pollution ， I ’ liked you to look at a study ________ (conduct)in Australia in 2012.2．(2016 ·浙江高考 )I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope ________ (attend) many more in the coming years.3． (2016 ·浙江高考 )When their children lived far away from them， these old people felt ________ (cut)off from the world.4 ． (2016 ·浙江高考 )I had as much fun sailing the seas as I nowdo________(work)with students.5． (2016 ·江苏高考 )In art criticism ， you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ (hide)within the work.6． (2016 ·江苏高考 )Parents should actively urge their children________ (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.7． (2016 ·天津高考 )The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows ，________ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.8 ． (2016 ·天津高考 )I ’ mgoing to take advantage of this tour________ (explore)the history of the castle.9． (2016 ·全国Ⅰ )In 1931， Addams became the first American woman________(win) the Nobel Peace Prize.10．(2016 ·全国Ⅰ )No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence________(suggest)that the trend is growing.11 ． (2016 ·四川高考 )The Athletic Department is looking for students ________(help)assist staff during the Fall 2016，Winter 2016－17 and Spring 2017 semesters.12 ． (2016 ·四川高考 )Students ________(interest)in working for the Athletic Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective campuses.13．(2016 ·北京高考 )________ (make)it easier to get in touch with us，you’ d better keep this card at hand.14．(2016 ·北京高考 ) ________(order)over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.15 ． (2016 ·北京高考 )Newly － built wooden cottages line the street ，________(turn)the old town into a dreamland.1．(2015 ·江苏高考 )Much time ________(spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.2．(2015 ·湖南高考 )When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________(wonder)whether to stay or leave.3 ． (2015 ·湖南高考 )Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellowstudents________(talk)over what is bothering them.4．(2015 ·北京高考 )________(catch)the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.5．(2015 ·北京高考 )The park was full of people, ________(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.6．(2015 ·北京高考 )If ________(accept)for the job, you’ ll be informed soon. 7． (2015 ·浙江高考 )Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it________(perform)live is quite another.8．(2015 ·重庆高考 )________(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.9．(2015 ·重庆高考 )Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ________(use)the sun and the stars.10．(2015 ·陕西高考 )After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on ________ (thank)all the people who had helped in her career.11．(2015 ·陕西高考 )Back from his two－year medical service in Africa, Dr.Leewas very happy to see his mother ________(take)good care of at home.12 ． (2015 ·天津高考)________(absorb)in painting, John didn ’notice eveningapproaching.13．(2015 ·天津高考 )________ (work)for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.14． (2015 ·安徽高考 )________(ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.15．(2015 ·福建高考 )________ (learn)more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.16．(2015 ·福建高考 )In recent years an English word “ infosphere has” appeared, ________ (combine)the sense of“ information” and．“ atmosphere”17．(2014 ·湖南高考 )There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，________(stare) at the night sky.18．(2014 ·北京高考 )The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without ________(recognize)．19．(2014 ·大纲卷 )Today there are more airplanes ________(carry) more people than ever before in the sky.20．(2014 ·湖南高考 )Children，when ________(accompany) by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.21．(2014 ·江西高考 )He is thought ________(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.22．(2014 ·山东高考 )There ’ s a note pinned to the door________(say) when the shop will open again.23．(2014 ·天津高考 )Anxiously ，she took the dress out of the package and triedit on，only ________(find) it didn ’ t fit.24． (2014 ·陕西高考 )________(work) out the difficult maths problems， I have consulted Professor Russell several times.25 ． (2014 ·四川高考 )The manager was satisfied to see many new products________(develop) after great effort.26．(2014 ·天津高考 )Clearly and thoughtfully________(write) ，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.27．(2014 ·重庆高考 )Group activities will be organized after class ________(help) children develop team spirit.28．(2014 ·安徽高考 )While waiting for the opportunity to get ________(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty.29．(2014 ·北京高考 )Last night，there were millions of people ________(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.30．(2014 ·福建高考 )________(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.31．(2014 ·江苏高考 )The lecture ________(give)，a lively question－and－ answer session followed.Section 6非谓语动词【高考真题演练】1．2016 年高考真题1．conducted [句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012 年澳大利亚进行的研究。

【英语】历年全国高考英语非谓语动词试题汇总及答案一、单项选择非谓语动词1．（北京）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.A．ranging B．rangeC．to range D．ranged【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。

此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。

考点：考查非谓语动词。

[名师点睛]现在分词和过去分词的区别：在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。

如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶分词的作用作定语单个分词作定语，分词前置。

如：The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。

如：The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists作状语现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。

Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步)He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。