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动名词与不定式作主语，表语的区别 v-ing形式作主语时往往表示一般性的、习惯性的 动作；而不定式作主语则表示在具体情况下特定 的或一次性的动作。但有时可以通用。
只能用动名词作宾语的动词
• 1.advise, allow, avoid, admit, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practise, risk, suggest,dislike,appreciate • 2.feel like, give up, put off, keep on, look forward to ,insist on , can’t help ,get used to ,devote …to
3.作状语
1 .Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up. 2. Being a student, he was interested in sports. 3. Having written the letter, John went to the post office.
A. 与动名词作定语的区别 B. 与过去分词,不定式 作定语的区别 ①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系或 过去分词表示的动作以完成。 ②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词 是主谓关系。 ③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。 the house being built/to be built/built正在被建/将要 被建/建好了的房子
• 3.It’s useless/no use/no good… doing …
• 在begin, start, continue,intend 等动词后跟 v-ing形式和不定式作宾语，句子含义相同 • 在like, love, hate等动词后v-ing形式作宾语 时往往表示一般性的、习惯性的动作；而不定 式作宾语则表示在具体情况下特定的或一次性 的动作。
下列动词后跟动名词或不定式意思完全不同。 1.remember,forget, regret + doing 记得/忘记/遗憾曾做过某事 + to do记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事 2.want,need,require +doing 需要被做 +to do 需要做 3.stop,try, mean,go on go on to do 接着又做另一件事/go on doing 继续做 同一件事 stop to do 停下来去做某事/stop doing 停止做某事 try to do 努力做某事/try doing 试一试做某事 mean to do 打算／想做某事/mean doing 意味着／ 意思是做某事
现在分词作状语时，注意如下三点： 相当于相应的从句 分词的逻辑主语就是全句的主语 现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态
4.作补语 Can you get the machine going again? The boys were seen walking on the grass.
非谓语动词的否定式均为not+非谓语动词
完
成
having written
having been written
I remember being taken to Wuhan when I was a very small child.（动名词的一 般被动态） She admitted having opened the box. （动名词的完成被动态） How about the two of us taking a walk down the garden? (MET93 17) (动名词的复 合结构)
Grammar and usage
非 谓 语 动 词
不定式 过去分词 -ing 形式 现在分词
动名词
动名词（Gerund)
动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾 语，表语和定语。 1. Playing football is my favourite sport.主语 2. Our work is serving the people. 表语 3. I remember being taken to Wuhan when I was a very small child. 宾语 4. We have a swimming poor in the back yard.定语
Travelling is interesting but tiring.
如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
他的论点很令人信服。
The argument is very convincing.
Notes:
1.时态和语态及动名词的复合结构 2.动名词与不定式作主语，表语的区别。 • 3.作宾语时，有些动词后只能用动名词，有些 动词后只能用不定式，有的两者都能,有时含义 相同，有时含义不同。 • 4.作定语时，与现在分词的区别。
时态和语态
主
动
被
动
一
般
writing
being written
作定语时，与现在分词的区别 动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能，现在分词作 定语表名词正在进行的动作。
现在分词 a sleeping child一个正在 睡觉的孩子 a flying bird一只正在飞 翔的鸟 a swimming girl一个正在 游泳的女孩 the running water自来水 动名词 a sleeping car一辆卧车 a flying course飞行课程 a swimming pool一个游泳池
boiling water boiled water the changing world the changed world the developing countries the developed countries falling leaves fallen leaves rising sun risen sun
Can you rewrite these sentences ,using clauses introduced by when,after,because,as a result,and if ect.
Knowing that there was a dog outside, the little boy didn’t open the door. Because he knew that there was a dog outside, the little boy didn’t open the door. Having plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays. Because she had plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays. Lucy and Lily, looking so alike, are often mistaken for twins. Lucy and Lily, because they look so alike, are often mistaken for twins. The couple went shopping, leaving their eldest daughter alone at home. The couple went shopping. As a result, they left their eldest daughter alone at home. Time permitting, I will meet you for lunch. If time permits, I will meet you for lunch.
4).The woman who is coming to dinner this evening works in the bank. The woman coming to dinner this evening works in the bank. 5).The young man who is looking at the map is lost. The young man looking at the map is lost. 6).The man who is performing in the street can play five musical instruments. The man performing in the street can play five musical instruments.
interested感兴趣的 excited感到激动的 delighted感到高兴的 disappointed感到失望的 encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleased感到愉快的 puzzled感到费解的 satisfied感到满意的 surprised感到惊异的 worried感到担心的
旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
the running track跑道
现在分词(present participle)
现在分词的形式与动名词相同，但功能不 同.可在句中充当定语，表语，状语和补语。
1. 作定语 an interesting book the man sitting by the window boiling water falling snow the bridge being built
一些独立结构： 1. Generally speaking _____( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school. 2. Judging _____(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody. To tell 3. _____( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.
