[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础(英汉互译)模拟试卷4.doc

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷22(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. 英汉互译英汉互译汉译英1．中美两国的社会制度和对外政策有着本质的区别。

但是，双方同意，各国不论社会制度如何，都应根据尊重各国主权和领土完整、不侵犯别国内政、平等互利、和平共处的原则来处理国与国之间的关系。

国际争端应在此基础上予以解决，而不诉诸武力威胁。

美国和中华人民共和同准备在他们的相互关系中实行这些原则。

双方回顾了中美两国之间长期存在的严重争端。

中国方面重申自己的立场：台湾问题是阻碍中美两国关系正常化的关键问题；中华人民共和国政府是中国的惟一合法政府；台湾是中国的一个省，早已归还祖国；解放台湾是中国内政，别国无权干涉；全部美国武装力量和军事设施必须从台湾撤出。

中国政府坚决反对任何旨在制造“一台一中”、“一个中国、两个政府”、“两个中国”、“台湾独立”和鼓吹“台湾地位未定”的活动。

美国方面声明：美国认识到，在台湾海峡两岸的所有中国人都认为只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。

美国政府对这一立场不提出异议。

它重申对中国人民和平解决台湾问题的关心。

考虑到这一前景，它确定从台湾撤出全部美国武装力量和军事设施的最终目标。

在此期间，它将随着这个地区紧张局势的缓和逐步减少它在台湾的武装力量。

正确答案：There are essential differences between China and the United States in their social systems and foreign policies. However, the two sides agreed that countries, regardless of their social systems, should conduct their relations on the principles of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, non-interference in the internal affairs of other states, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. International deputes should be settled on this basis, without resorting to the use or threat of force. The United States and the People’ s Republic of China are prepared to apply these principles to their mutual relations. The two sides reviewed the long-standing serious disputes between China and the United States. The Taiwan question is the crucial question obstructing the normalization of relations between China and the United States; the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China; Taiwan is a province of China which has long been returned to the motherland ; the liberation of Taiwan is China’ s internal affair in which no other country has the right to interfere; and all US forces and military installations must be withdrawn from Taiwan. The Chinese Government firmly opposes any activities which aim at the creation of “ one China, one Taiwan,”“one China, two governments,”“two Chinas,”an “independent Taiwan”or advocate that “the status of Taiwan remains to be determined. The USside declared: The United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan is a part of China. The United States Government does not challenge that position. It reaffirms its interest in a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question by the Chinese themselves. With this prospect in mind, it affirms the ultimate objective of the withdrawal of all US forces and military installations from Taiwan. In the meantime, it will progressively reduce its forces and military installations on Taiwan as the tension in the area diminishes. 涉及知识点：汉译英2．中华文明历来注重社会和谐，强调团结互助。

[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷24汉译英1 中国曾长期实行高度集中的计划经济，把计划看成是绝对的，束缚了生产力的发展。

这场金融危机使我们看到，市场也不是万能的，一味放任自由，势必引起经济秩序的混乱和社会分配的不公，最终受到惩罚。

真正的市场化改革，决不会把市场机制与国家宏观调控对立起来。

既要发挥市场这只看不见的手的作用，又要发挥政府和社会监管这只看得见的手的作用。

两手都要硬，两手同时发挥作用，才能实现按照市场规律配置资源，也才能使资源配置合理、协调、平衡、可持续。

2 中国作为一个发展中国家，很自然十分关心发展中国家在世界经济中所处的困境。

许多事实证明，北南关系不是朝着更好的方向发展，而是趋于进一步的恶化。

因此，改善北南关系就成为所有国家的一项重要任务。

目前，北南之间的差距进一步扩大，富的更富，穷的更穷。

许多发展中国家人民正生活在贫困线之下，发达国家有责任给发展中国家以更多的帮助，并同意在平等互利、平等交换的基础上，建立一个新的国际经济秩序。

今天的世界各国，经济上的相互依存更加密切。

如果发展中国家的困难长期得不到解决，经济得不到发展，发达国家的经济要持续保持稳定增长，也将是困难的。

在商品、贸易、债务、资金、货币和金融等领域，采取有效措施，改善发展中国家面临的外部环境，以利于发展中国家恢复增长和发展，这是当前国际经济领域中的一项紧迫任务。

这样做也有利于世界经济的稳定和增长。

3 社会主义市场经济体制改革中国在相当长时间内曾实行高度集中的计划经济体制。

随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的深入和民主政治建设的推进，过去人们在择业、迁徙、致富、投资、资讯、旅游、信仰和选择生活方式等方面有形无形的不合理限制，被逐步解除。

这就带来了前所未有的、广泛而深刻的变化。

一方面，广大城乡劳动者的积极性得以释放，特别是数以亿计的农民得以走出传统村落，进人城市，特别是沿海地区，数以千万计的知识分子聪明才智得到充分发挥；另一方面，规模庞大的国有资产得以盘活，数万亿元的民间资本得以形成，5000亿美元的境外资本得以流入。

英语四级的翻译模拟练习Translation Mock Exercise for English CET-4Introduction:Translation is an essential skill for language learners, especially those preparing for the English CET-4 exam. To enhance translation abilities, it is crucial to engage in regular practice. In this article, we will provide a simulated exercise for English CET-4 translation, aiming to assist learners in improving their translation skills and achieving a better performance in the exam.Exercise: Chinese to English TranslationInstructions:Translate the following Chinese paragraph into English. Pay attention to the accuracy, coherence, and fluency of your translation. Use appropriate vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structures to convey the original meaning effectively.Chinese Paragraph:自古以来，教育被誉为提高国家素质，发展经济、改善社会的重要手段之一。

现代社会中，教育的重要性更加凸显。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷44(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．中华文明历来注重社会和谐，强调团结互助。

中国人早就提出了“和为贵”的思想，追求天人和谐、人际和谐、身心和谐，向往“人人相亲，人人平等，天下为公”的理想社会。

今天，中国提出构建和谐社会，就是要建设一个民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会，实现物质和精神、民主和法治、公平和效率、活力和秩序的有机统一。

中国人民把维护民族团结作为自己义不容辞的职责，把维护国家主权和领土完整作为自己至高无上的使命。

正确答案：The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to social harmony, unity and mutual assistance. Back in the early days of the Chinese nation, the Chinese already advocated that “harmony is most valuable. “They strove for harmony between man and nature, among people and between man’ s body and soul, and yearned for an ideal society where “ everyone loves everyone else, everyone is equal and the whole world is one community. “Today, China is endeavoring to build a harmonious society. It is a society of democracy and the rule of law, fairness and justice, integrity, fraternity, vitality, stability, order and harmony between man and nature. It is a society where there is unity between the material and the spiritual, democracy and the rule of law, fairness and efficiency, and vitality and order. The Chinese people take the maintenance of ethnic unity and harmony as their duty and the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity as their sacred mission. 涉及知识点：汉译英2．长期以来，发展中国家在不合理的国际经济关系中深受不公平交换之害。

[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷17英译汉1 A newspaper is much more than a business; it is an institution. It reflects and influences the life of a community; it may affect even wider destinies.It is, in its way, an instrument of government. It plays on the minds and consciences of man. It may educate, stimulate, assist, or it may do the opposite. It has, therefore, a moral as well as a material existence, and its character and influence are in the main determined by the balance of these two factors. It may make profit or power its first object, or it may conceive itself as fulfilling a higher and more exacting function.Character is a subtle affaire, and has many shades and sides. It is not a thing to be much talked about, but rather to be felt. It is the slow deposit of past actions and ideas. At the perils of its soul, a newspaper must see that the news it supplies is not tainted. Neither in what it gives, nor in what it does not give, nor in the mode of presentation, must the unclouded face of truth suffer wrong. Comment is free, but facts are sacred. " Propaganda," so called, by this means is hateful. The voice of opponents no less than that of friends has a right to be heard. Comment also is justly subject to a self-imposed restraint. It is well to be frank; it is even better to be fair. This is an ideal. Achievement in such matters is hardly given to man. Perhaps none of us can attain to it in the desirable measure. We can but try, ask pardon for shortcomings, and there leave the matter.One of the virtues, perhaps the chief virtue, of a newspaper is its independence. Whatever its position or character, it should have a soul of its own.That is the path of self-respect—it is also the path of success. And what a work it is! How multiform, how responsive to every need—and every incident of life! What illimitable possibilities of achievement and of excellence!To the man, whatever his place on the paper, nothing should satisfy short of the best. It is here that ability counts and that character counts, and it is on these that a newspaper, if it is to be worthy of its power and duty, must rely.2 Scientists Shed New Light On The Body' s RhythmsHave you ever suffered from jet-lag, the fatigue and depression that comes from long hours spent in a jet aircraft traveling across the world over many time zones? Or like many people in northern European countries, have you ever suffered the dark depression of winter blues, the feelings of gloom that comes from facing the somber December and January winter days under dark, cloudy skies? Maybe all you need is a little light—and merely on a small patch of your skin. In fact, in experiments investigating the effect of light in raising our spirits, American scientists have done all their research using light played on the back of the subjects' knees.What could be a key to jet-lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms. It is secreted as night falls and it can be used to help to overcome jet-lag and some sleep disorders. The low level of melatonin we experience in winter when light is dull and daylight hours are shorter is said to be cause of that common feeling many people get in dull weather—winter depression.For years experts have experimented with treating jet-lag and seasonal affective disorder ( " winter depression" ) with light. They counsel victims to sit in front of lights simulating the sun' s natural wavelengths to restore melatonin. In 1996, Diane Boivin and colleagues at Harvard Medical School found even dim reading lamps worked in this way. Exposure to light sets off a complex response inside the bodies of animals and humans.A university team in New York said they had found that shining light on the skin could reset the body' s internal clock. They chose the back of the knee because it was easy to reach and away from the eyes, which is where many scientists had believed circadian rhythm is determined.3 There is simply no way to rest on our past achievements. Today' s competition renders obsolete huge chunks of what we know and forces us to innovate. For each individual, several careers will be customary, and continuing education and retraining will be inescapable. To attain this extraordinary level of education, government, business, schools and even individuals will turn to technology for the answer.In industry, processing the information and designing the changes necessary to keep up with the market has meant the growing use of computers. The schools are now following close behind. Already some colleges in the United States are requiring a computer for each student. It is estimated that 500, 000 computers are already in use in American high schools and elementary schools. Although there is an abysmal lack of educational software, the number of computers in schools expands rapidly.The computer is the Proteus of machines, as it takes on a thousand forms and serves a thousand functions. But its truly revolutionary character can be seen in its interactive potential. With advanced computers, learning can be individualized and self-paced. Teachers can become more productive and the entire learning environment enriched.It is striking how much current teaching is a product of pencil and paper technology. With the computer' s capacity for simulation and diverse kinds of feedback, all sorts of new possibilities open up for the redesign of curriculums. Seymour Papert, the inventor of the computer language LOGO, believes that concepts in physics and advanced mathematics can be taught in the early grades with the use of computers. He cites as an example the teaching of the laws of motion in physics, which he says are accessible at an early age when a computer is used to assist in the instruction.On an everyday level, word-processing significantly improves the capacity for written expression. How? Simply by making it easier to revise and rewrite. In terms of drill andpractice, self-paced computer-assisted instruction enables the student to advance rapidly—without being limited by the conflicting needs of the entire class.汉译英4 我们必须抓住新的机遇，迎接新的挑战，采取更加有力的措施，以更为积极的姿态扩大对外开放，力争对外贸易和吸收外资有新的增长。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷18(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.Since the earliest times in England, the traveler" s inn has always been a warm and hospitable place, a gathering place for voyagers to rest and recover. The tireless landlord, the local customers sharing drinks and food, the welcoming atmosphere, have all become part of the legend of the typical English country and city life. In later centuries, the English tavern took on the role of community gathering place, being the location where friendly chatter and fierce social debate mixed with business discussions, and food, wine, beer and coffee were consumed as the noise of convivial exchanges rose. In modern times, the English pub often continues to function as the communal meeting place, especially for people whose homes are too small to entertain any number of guests or friends. In many Asian countries, the local restaurant serves a similar social function. In Ireland, the pub has acted as a central attraction for poorer villagers in the rural areas, and as a literary and social focus in the cities. In keeping with the sociable nature of pub gatherings, music as well as talk has become a central part of this institution in Ireland. Now people around the world are able to experience the friendly nature of the Irish pub, which follows in the wake of its English equivalent as a welcome and growing expert. English pubs have been found in America, in parts of Europe and throughout the world where English pub is witnessing an outburst of international popularity as westerns turn away from their television and computer screens and seek to put a human face to their social contacts. They are finding it in the bars and corners of Irish pubs where Guinness stout, the Irish national drink, is available in the tall dark creamy pint glasses and Irish music is the regular fare. An international representative for the Irish manufacturers of Jameson" s whiskey, Patrick Mc-Carville, points out that while the world has been laughing at Irish jokes (a stereotype of the Irish way of life) , the Irish have been quietly carrying out an economic coup which is seen in the evidence of the explosion of Irish pubs.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：从最古老的年代起，英国的旅客客栈就一直是温馨好客的地方，旅行者可聚集在那里休养生息。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷1(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.哲学家只是一味地同古往今来的灵魂交谈——他读书，是同古昔人物交谈；他写作，是同子孙后代交谈；他讲演，是同莘莘学子交谈；他沉思是同自己交谈。

他长于洞见，洞见未来；他善于遐想，遐想无限；他耽于梦幻，幻游彼岸；他富于关怀，关怀永恒。

他同远在天涯的哲人和精神交谈，在这个意义上，他视通万里，思接千载。

他伟大，他不朽，他同古往今来的灵魂对话。

（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：A philosopher is solely concerned with conducting dialogues with the great souls from ancient antiquity to the contemporary era. In reading books, he converses with the ancients. In writing his own books, he converses with the progeny. In delivering lectures, he converses with a multitude of young students. In contemplating, he converses with himself. He is adept at insights, penetrating into the future. He excels in speculations, speculating on the infinite. He indulges in reveries, traveling in the other world in unbounded fantasy. He abounds in sympathies, concerned about the eternal. He converses with the philosophers and the great minds in the remotest corners of the earth. In this sense, his vision extends into the infinite distance and his thoughts are connected with the past and the future. His vision and thoughts transcend all spatiotemporal boundaries whatsoever. He is great; he is immortal; because he is in permanent dialogue with the great souls of the past, the present and the future.)解析：3.有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有很多的才能。

[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷8英译汉1 I am honored and humbled to stand here, where so many of America' s leaders have come before me, and so many will follow.We have a place, all of us, in a long story—a story we continue, but whose end we will not see. It is the story of a new world that became a friend and liberator of the old, a story of a slave-holding society that became a servant of freedom, the story of a power that went into the world to protect but not possess, to defend but not to conquer. It is the American story—a story of flawed and fallible people, united across the generations by grand and enduring ideals.The grandest of these ideals is an unfolding American promise that everyone belongs, that everyone deserves a chance, that no insignificant person was ever born. Americans are called to enact this promise in our lives and in our laws. And though our nation has sometimes halted, and sometimes delayed, we must follow no other course.Through much of the last century, America' s faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea. Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations. Our democratic faith is more than the creed of our country, it is the inborn hope of our humanity, an ideal we carry but do not own, a trust we bear and pass along. And even after nearly 225 years, we have a long way yet to travel.While many of our citizens prosper, others doubt the promise, even the justice, of our own country. The ambitions of some Americans are limited by failing schools and hidden prejudice and the circumstances of their birth. And sometimes our differences run so deep, it seems we share a continent, but not a country. We do not accept this, and we will not allow it. Our unity, our u-nion, is the serious work of leaders and citizens in every generation. And this is my solemn pledge: I will work to build a single nation of justice and opportunity.2 This is the price and the promise of citizenship.This is the source of our confidence—the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed—why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America' s birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying camp-fires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned.The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:Let it be told to the future world... that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive... that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet it.In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children' s children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God' s grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.3 It has now been five years since Margaret Thatcher resigned as Britain' s Prime Minister. In her heyday she strode the international headlines with such bravura that she seemed inevitable, a natural force. The world stage seemed just the right size for her, as she chaffed her conservative soul mate Ronald Reagan or flattered the " new man," Mikhail Gorbachev.Now the political world has begun to focus on the immensity of her achievement. How on earth did she manage to get there? She was elected to Parliament at 32 in 1958 (five years before The Feminine Mystique was published). She parried her way through the complacent, male-dominated councils of power—no woman had ever roiled those waters. Couldn' t the old boys see her coming? After all, there was nothing subtle about her personality or her approach.As The Path to Power ( Harper-Collins; 656 pages; $ 30) , the second volume of her autobiography, makes clear, Thatcher was probably too simple and direct for the Tories, with their heavy baggage of class and compromise. She traveled light, proud of her roots as a grocer' s daughter from the small town of Grantham but never tethered by working-class resentments or delusions of inferiority. Her parents taught her the verities they believed in: Methodism, hard work, thrift and the importance of the individual. She has never wavered from them, and they run through the book.4 The news of Roosevelt' s death reached Washington in the early afternoon on April 12, 1945. It is hardly necessary to point out the importance of Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was a world figure of monumental proportions. Roosevelt' s strength in dealing with foreign leaders stemmed from his e-normous popularity throughout the world, even in countries he had never been in. Yet it cannot be said that he was a likable man. He preferred informal relationships which were informal merely in structure. He could not stand protocol in the accepted sense of the world but was quick to resent the slightest departure from the respect normally accorded the President of the United States, and theaura of the office was always around him. Even Hopkins was always respectful and careful in his manner with the president. Roosevelt influenced people by the fact that he was president. Among those who worked with him in the White House for long periods of time, there was real affection for him, but not the kind of human feeling that springs from personal love.In foreign affairs, Roosevelt did his job only moderately well. The methods and techniques that he usually used with consummate skill in domestic politics did not fit well in foreign affairs. He relied on his instinctive grasp of the subject, which was good, and his genius for improvisation to find solutions to problems. In domestic affairs, where all elements were under the same national roof and therefore the reactions had a pattern of similarity, this technique worked. In foreign affairs, this style meant a lack of precision, which, as people have pointed out, was a serious fault.A deeper knowledge of history and certainly a better understanding of reactions of foreign peoples would have been useful to the president. Helpful, too, would have been more study of the position papers prepared by American conviction that the other fellow is a " good guy" who will respond properly and decently if you treat him right.5 Globalization is transforming the world. While it brings great benefits to some countries and individuals—a backlash has arisen because these benefits are distributed so unequally and because the global market is not yet underpinned by values and rules that address key social concerns such as the protection of human rights, labor standards and the environment. Globalization has also, unwittingly , made it easier for what I have called "uncivil society"—crime, terrorism, drug and arms-trafficking—to move across borders. Our challenge today is to make globalization an engine that lifts people out of hardship and misery, not a force that holds them down.The past half century had brought unprecedented economic gains. Most people today can expect to live longer than their parents. They are better nourished, enjoy better health, are better educated, and on the whole face more favorable economic prospects. But there is also widespread deprivation and despair. More than 1 billion people must survive on less than $ 1 a day. Striking inequality persists within and among countries. Diseases such as AIDS and malaria threaten to undo years of progress. Worsening the poverty gap is the "digital divide" between the technology-rich and the technology-poor. At a time when information and knowledge have become the main source of wealth and power, half the developing world' s people have never made or received a telephone call, much less used a computer. Bringing these people into the mainstream is one of our biggest projects.。

英语翻译基础模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．The U. S. Chamber of Commerce正确答案：美国商会2．the Best Dubbing Award正确答案：最佳配音奖3．European Monetary System正确答案：欧洲货币体系4．hard news正确答案：重要新闻5．property bubble正确答案：房地产泡沫6．economic turnaround正确答案：经济好转7．YouTube正确答案：视频网站，一个可供网民上传、观赏及分享视频短片的网站8．Twitter正确答案：推特网，是一个社交网络及微博客服务网站9．under-translation正确答案：欠额翻译10．Dynamic Equivalence正确答案：动态对等11．Lingua Franca正确答案：通用语12．Department of Homeland Security正确答案：美国国土安全部13．national prophet正确答案：民族的先知14．curb liquidity正确答案：抑制流动性15．Jerusalem正确答案：耶路撒冷汉译英16．六艺正确答案：six classical arts(rite; music; archery; riding; writing; arithmetic) 17．国际关系民主化正确答案：democracy in international relations18．非物质文化遗产正确答案：intangible cultural heritage19．企业文化正确答案：corporate culture20．补缺选举正确答案：by-election(UK)/supplementary election(US) 21．万有引力定律正确答案：the law of universal gravitation22．人才交流正确答案：talents exchange23．广播电视大学正确答案：radio and television university24．智囊团正确答案：think tank25．《独立宣言》正确答案：The Declaration of Independence26．人造美女正确答案：plastic beauty27．政治协商制度正确答案：political consultation system28．三边的正确答案：trilateral29．取长补短正确答案：draw upon one another’s strong points 30．民间团体正确答案：civil society英汉互译英译汉31．For nearly two years, China’s turbocharged economy has raced ahead with the aid of a huge government stimulus program and aggressive lending by state-run banks. But a growing number of economists now worry that China—the world’s fastest growing economy and a pillar of strength during the global financial crisis—could be stalled next year by soaring inflation, mounting government debt and asset bubbles. Two credit ratings agencies, Moody’s and Fitch Ratings, say China is still poised for growth, yet they have also recently warned about hidden risks in its banking system. Fitch even hinted at the possibility of another wave of nonperforming loans tied to the property market. In the late 1990s and early this decade, the Chinese government was forced to bail out and recapitalize these same state-run banks because a soaring number of bad loans had left them nearly insolvent. Those banks are much stronger now, after a series of record public stock offerings in recent years that have raised billions of dollars from global investors. But last week, an analyst at the Royal Bank of Scotland advised clients to hedge against the risk that a flood of cash into China, coupled with soaring inflation, could result in a “day of reckoning. “ A sharp slowdown in China, which is growing at an annual rate of about 10 percent, would be a serious blow to the global economy since China’s voracious demand for natural resources is helping to prop up growth in Asia and South America, even as the United States and the European Union struggle. And because China is a major holder of United States Treasury debt and a major destination for American investment in recent years, any slowdown would also hurt American companies. Aware of the risks, Beijing has moved recently to tame its domestic growth and rein in soaring food and housing prices by raising interest rates, tightening regulations on property sales and restricting lending.正确答案：差不多两年来，动力十足的中国经济凭借一项庞大的政府刺激计划和国有银行激进的放贷举措，延续着高速增长的态势。

考研英语模拟试题及答案（4）模拟试题[4]Simulated Test[PREVIOUS][NEXT]Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections： Beneath each of the following sentences,there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your anawer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(5 point)1.I′d prefer that she _____ .A)acted the teacherB)would act the teacherC)act the teacherD)was acting the teacher2.I will take the coat, _____ cheap or dear.A)it beingB)be itC)was itD)it was3.She told me that she′d _____ on the committee.A)rather not to serveB)not rather to serveC)not rather serveD)rather not serve4.I wish that I _____ this letter before the office closed for the day.A)receivedB)receiveC)could have receivedD)should have received5.The foreign student advisor recommended that she _____ more English before Enrolling atthe university.A)studiedB)studyC)would studyD)was studying6.We′d decided to open a joint account, _____ ?A)wouldn′weB)shouldn′t weC)couldn′t weD)hadn′t we7._____ called did not leave his name and number.A)SomeoneB)AnyoneC)WhoeverD)Whosever8.It was not until she arrived in class _____ realized she had forgotten her book.A)and sheB)sheC)when sheD)that she9.Ben would have studied medicine if he _____ to a medical school.A)could be able to enterB)was admittedC)had been admittedD)were admitted10.Fire safety in family houses, _____ most fire deaths occur,is difficult to achieve.A)whereB)whyC)howD)whenSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C,and D)ldentify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(5 points)11.Sally must have called (A) her sister last night, but she arrived (B) home too late (C)to call her. (D)12.I would rather that (A) they do not travel (B) during the bad (C) weather,but they insistthat they must return (D) home today.13.The question arises (A) whether or no (B) his statement will bear (C) such construction.(D)14.The principle of radiocarbon dated (A) is the most important scientific technique to beapplied (B) to (C) archaeological work in recent times. (D)15.One of (A) the most widespread uses (B) of survey research today is for them (C) rating(D) radio and television programs.16.Magnesium forms (A) a tough surface coating (B) it (C)protects the underlying (D) metalfrom tarnishing.17.The (A) results of the test proved to (B) Fred and me (C) that we needed to study harderand watch less (D) movies on television18.He determined, (A) what may come, (B) to return (C) the visit he had just received. (D)/doc/cf1607239.html,st winter not a day (A) passed (B) for (C) that it snowed or sleeted. (D)20.He has been hoped (A) for a raise for the last (B) few months but his boss is reluctantto give (C) him one. (D)Section CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(10 points)21.The book was lost for years,then it turned up one day,quite out of _____ .A)the blueB)the redC)the blackD)the yellow22._____ the interruption,she was still able to finish her assignment before class.A)DespiteB)SpiteC)In spiteD)In despite23.The man was very conscious _____ his bold head.A)aboutB)withC)ofD)for24.He was so engrossed in the TV programme that he forgot to _____ .A)turn the oven overB)turn the oven backC)turn the oven offD)turn the oven up25.No matter how angry he was he would never _____ to violence.A)resortC)recourseD)exert26.The accusation left him quite _____ with rage.A)dumbB)speechlessC)silentD)mute27.I liked the coat but was rather _____ off by the price.A)shakenB)putC)setD)held28.The ruling party is worried in case they lose _____ control of the City Council in theforthcoming elections.A)overallC)unanimousD)mass29.In those days a girl could not get married if her father _____ his consent.A)forbadeB)upheldC)rejectedD)withheld30.They were awaiting official _____ of the news they had heard from a friend.A)recommendationB)statementC)confirmationD)conference31.I′d like to _____ this old car for a new model but I can′t afford it.A)interchangeB)exchangeC)replaceD)convert32.When he woke up,he realized that the things he had dreamt about could not _____ havehappened.A)possiblyB)likelyD)potentially33.There is a lot of friendly _____ between the supporters of the two teams.A)contestC)contentionD)defiance34.The purpose of the survey was to _____ the inspectors with local conditions.A)informB)acquaintC)instructD)notify35._____ all h is money,he didn′t seem happy.A)AtB)ForC)InD)On36.We are fed up _____ your perpetual moaning.A)ofB)byC)withD)at37.She′s rung _____ . I must have said something to upset her.A)upB)roundC)backD)off38.Of course I′ll play the piano at the party but I′m a little _____ .A)out of useB)out of reachC)out of turnD)out of practice39.A conceited man feels _____ to everyone else.A)superiorB)beneficialC)successfulD)advantageous40.The vocabulary of any technical discussion may include words which are never used outsidethe subject or field _____ .A)in viewB)in questionC)in caseD)in effectPart Ⅱ Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(10 points) For many years,women were overlooked in the development process.Often, planners did not fully understand or (41) women′s roles in the many and varied cultures of the developing countries.Thus women-half of the people (42) —did not receive a fair share of the benefits of development efforts, (43) were they able to contribute fully to them. As a result,development has not been as successful as it could have been and we have (44) many opportunities for breakthroughs in key areas.We have,however,learned some lessons from a generation of experience with development cooperation. (45) our knowledge of women′s needs and contributions has grown, so has our ability to (46) them as agents and beneficiaries of development.Over the past few years,the Canadian InternationalDevelopment Agency (CIDA)has pioneered the integration of women (47) development programs,making it a matter of top priority.The role of women is now a major (48) in the planning and approval of Canada′s new development initiatives,and existing projects are being“retrofitted” (49) possible to take women′s needs and cont ributions into account.CIDA′s policy calls (50) the consideration of the role of and impact on woman in all projects.However,there is a need for specical measures, and some projects have been designed specifically to focus on women′s special needs and capa cities..41.A)appreciate B)appoint C)apply D)acquaint42.A)revolved B)devolved C)involved D)convolved43.A)not B)nor C)no D)never44.A)left B)passed C)missed D)possessed45.A)When B)Where C)How D)As46.A)include B)comprise C)contain D)cover47.A)to B)on C)out D)into48.A)factor B)matter C)section D)particle49.A)there B)here C)where D)hence50.A)on B)forth C)for D)inPart Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionDirections: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers A,B,C and D)Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(40 points)Passage 1Earthquakes may rightly be ranked as one of the most devastating forces known to man:since records began to bewritten down,it has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities havenumbered in the millions,and that earthquake-related destruction has been beyond calculation.The greater part of such damage and loss of life has been due to collapse of buildings and the effects of rockslides, floods,fire,disease,tsunamis(gigantic sea waves),and other phenomena resulting from earthquakes,rather than from the quakes themselves.The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas.One such area encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land masses.The other extends from the East Indies to the Atlas Mountains,including the Himalayas,Iran,Turkey,and the Alpine regions.It is in these two great belts or zones that ninety percent of all earthquakes take place;they may,however,happen anywhere at any time.This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake predication may be possible.By analyzing changes in animal behavior,patterns of movements in the earth′s crust,variations in the force of gravity and the e arth′s magnetic field,and the frequency with which minor earth tremors(震动) are observed,scientists have shown increasing success in anticipating when and where earthquakes will strike.As a result,a worldwide earthquake warning network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for (and thus lessen)the vast destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected.It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and eliminate their destructiveness altogether,but as how and why earthquakes happen become betterunderstood,man will become more and more able to deal with their potential devastation before it occurs.51.Based on what you have just read,which of the following is true?A)Earthquakes are highly feared,but actually relatively harmless.B)There is absolutely no way to predict when or where earthquakes might occur.C)Man is now able to predict when earthquakes will happen,but not where.D)Man is now able to predict where earthquakes will happen,but not when.52.What is the probable meaning of contiguous(line 9)?A)underwaterB)ancientC)borderingD)huge53.To what does this element of the unknown(line 13)refer?A)the two great earthquake zonesB)the fact the earthquakes can happen at any time or placeC)the percentage of earthquakesD)the exact cause of earthquakes54.Which of the following have been used to anticipate earthquake activity?A)differences in the earth′s magnetic field and force of gravityB)how often minor earth tremors have been observedC)patterns in the move ment of the earth′s crustD)all of the above55.Which of the following describes the author′s attitudetoward the possibility ofearthquake prediction?A)It will never be possible to predict earthquakes.B)Earthquakes can already be predicted with great accuracy.C)There is really no need to try to predict earthquake occurrences.D)Earthquake prediction is becoming more and more possible.Passage 2Drunken driving——s ometimes called America′s socially accepted form of murder——has become a national epidemic.Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers,adding up to an incredible 250 000 over the past decade.A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers,glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours.Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American macho image and judges were lenient(宽容的) in most courts,but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicised tragedies,especially involving young children,that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21,reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18.After New Jersey lowered it to 18,the number of people killed by 18—20-year-old drivers more than doubled,so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformers,however,fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programmes to help young people to develop“responsible attitudes”aboutdrinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and in many areas already,to a marked decline in fatalities.Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks.A tavern in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was “obviously intoxicated”and later drove off the road,killing a nine-year-old boy.As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state,some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919,which President Hoover called the “noble experiment”.They forget that legal prohibition didn′t stop drinking,but encouraged political corruption and organised crime.As with the booming drug trade generally,there is no easy solution.56.Drunken driving has become a major problem in America because _____ .A)most Americans are heavy drinkersB)Americans are now less shocked by road accidentsC)accidents attract so much publicityD)drinking is a socially accepted habit in America57.Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed?A)Detailed statistics are now available.B)The news media have highlighted the problem.C)Judges are giving more severe sentences.D)Drivers are more conscious of their image.58.Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that _____ .A)many drivers were not of legal ageB)young drivers were often bad driversC)the level of drinking increased in the 1960sD)the legal drinking age should be raised/doc/cf1607239.html,ws recently introduced in some states have _____ .A)reduced the number of convictionsB)resulted in fewer serious accidentsC)prevented bars from serving drunken customersD)specified the amount drivers can drink60.Why is the problem of drinking and driving difficult to solve?A)Alcohol is easily obtained.B)Drinking is linked to organised crime.C)legal prohibition has already failed.D)Legislation alone is not sufficient.Passage 3Let us set out from a fact.The same type of civilization,or to use a more exact,although more extended expression,the same society,has not always inhabited the earth.The human race as a whole has grown,has developed,has matured,like one of ourselves.It was once a child,it was once a man;we are now looking on at its impressive old age.Before the epoch which modern society has dubbed“ancient”there was another epoch which the ancients called“fabulous”but which it would be more accura te to call “primitive.”Observe then three great successive orders of things in civilization, from its origin down to our days.Now,as poetry is always superposed upon society,we propose to try to demonstrate,from the form of its society,what the character of the poetry must have been in those three great ages of the world primitive times,ancient times,modern times. In primitive times,When man awakes in a world that is newlycreated,poetry awakes with him.In the face of the marvelous things that dazzle him,his first speech is a hymn simply.He is still,so close to God that all his thoughts are joyful,all his dreams are visions.The earth is still almost deserted.There are families,but no nations;patriarchs,but no kings.Each race exists at its own pleasure;no property,no laws,no contentions,no wars.Everything belongs to each and to all.Society is a community.Man is restrained in nought.He leads that nomadic pastoral life with which all civilizations begin,and which is so well adapted to solitary contemplation,to fanciful reverie(幻想).He follows every suggestion,he goes hither and thither, at random.His thought,like his life,resembles a cloud that changes its shape and its direction according to the wind that drives it.Such is the first man,such is the first poet.He is young;he is cynical.Prayer is his sole religion,the ode is his only form of poetry.This ode,this poem of primitive times,is Genesis.By slow degrees,however,this youth of the world passes away.All the spheres progress;the family becomes a tribe,the tribe becomes a nation.Each of these groups of men camps about a common center,and kingdoms appear.The social instinct succeeds the nomadic instinct.The camp gives place to the city,the tent to the palace,the ark to the temple.The chiefs of these states of earlydevelopment are still shepherds,it is true,but shepherds of nations;the pastoral staff has already assumed the shape of a sceptre(君权).Everything tends to become stationary and fixed. Religion takes on a definite shape;prayer is governed by rites;dogma sets bounds to worship.Thus the priest and king share the paternity of the people:thus theocratic society succeeds the patriarchal community.Meanwhile the nations are beginning to be packed too closely on the earth′s surface.They annoy and jostle one another;hence the clash of empires-war.They overflow upon another;hence the migrations of nations-voyages.Poetry reflects these momentous events;from ideas it proceeds to things.It sings of ages,of nations,of empires…61.The author believes that the best historical age is _____ .A)primitiveB)ancientC)medievalD)modern62.In the above passage the primitive period is equated with the period called _____ .A)fabulousB)ancientC)medievalD)modern63.War,the author believes,results primarily from _____ .A)rule by kingsB)patriarchal jealousiesC)the existence of a theocratic stateD)large,closely packed populations64.The author draws an analogy between the growth of peoples into nationstates and the _____ .A)development of poetic verse formB)books of the Old TestamentC)great epochs in historyD)maturation of the human being from childhood to maturity65.Because of its unique character,a great interpreter of theperiods of history is .A)the national historianB)poetryC)the biblical prophetD)storytellingPassage 4Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus(舆论)that,whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on,high unemployment is probably here to stay.This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the availabe employment more widely.But we need to go further.We nust ask some fundamental questions about the future ofwork.Should we continue to treat employment as the norm?Should we not rather encourage many other ways for selfrespecting people to work?Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves,rather than for an employer?Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood,as well as the factory and the office,as centres of production and work?The industrial age has been the only per iod of human history in which most people′s work has taken the form of jo bs.The industrial age may now be coming to an end,and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed.This seems a daunting thought.But,in fact,it could offer the prospect of a better future of work.Universal employment,as its history shows,has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land,and thus of themeans to provide a living for themselves.Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people′s homes. Later,as transport improved,first by rail and then by road,people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until,eventually,many people′s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived. Meanwhile,employment put women at a disadvantage.In preindustrial times,men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community.Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment,leaving the unpaid work of the home and familly to his wife.Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today,and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered.As employment became the dominant form of work,young people and old people were excluded—a problem now,as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change.The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the utopian (空想的)goal of creating jobs for all,to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs.66.Recent opinion polls show that _____ .A)available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the populationB)new jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figuresC)available employment must be more widely distributed among the unemployedD)the present high unemployment figures are a fact of life67.The word “revive” in the passage(para.2)probably means _____ .A)make active againB)study againC)go over agianD)find the value again68.The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evolution meant that _____ .A)universal employment virtually guaranteed prosperityB)economic freedom came within everyone′s graspC)patterns of work were fundamentally changedD)people′s attitudes to work had to be reversed69.The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries meant that _____ .A)people had to do the productive work at homeB)people were forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselvesC)people were able to be dependent on their landD)people were badly paid for the work they managed to find70.The effects of almost universal employment were overwhelming in that _____ .A)the work status of those not in paid employment sufferedB)the household and village communtiy disappeared completelyC)men now travelled enormous distances to their places of workD)young and old people became superfluous components of societyPart Ⅳ English-Chinese TranslationDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)(71) By a faction,I understand a number of citizens,whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole,who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest,adverse to the rights of other citizens or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community. There are two methods of curing the mischief of factions:the one,by removing its causes;the other,by controlling its effects.There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction:the one,by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence;the other,by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions,and the same interests.(72) It could never be more truly said than of the first remedy,that it was worse than the disease.(73) Liberty is to faction what air is to fire,an ailment without which it instantly expires.(74)But it could not be less folly to abolish liberty,which is essential to political life,because it nourishes faction,than it would be to wish the annihilation of air,which is essential to animal life,because it imparts to fire its destructive agency.The second expedient is as impracticable as the first would be unwise.As long as the reason of man continues fallible,and he is at liberty to exercise it,different opinions will be formed.As long as the connection subsists between his reason and his selflove,his opinions and his passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other;and the former will be objects to which the latter will attach themselves.The latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man;and we see them everywhere brought into different degrees of activity,according to the different circumstances of civil society.If a faction consists of less than a majority,relief is supplied by the republican principle,which enables the majority to defeat its sinister views by regular vote….When a majority is included in a faction,the form of popular government,on the other hand,enables it to sacrifice to its ruling passion or interest both the public good and the rights of other citizens.(75) T o secure the public good and private rights,against the danger of such a faction,and at the same time to preserve the spirit and the form of popular government,is the great object to which our inquiries are directed…Part V WritingDirections:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter applying for the job advertised below,stating your relevant qualifications and experience.Your composition should be no less than 150 words.S Currently theE Company hasC a vacancy forR a secretaryE male or female,to work five daysT per week,at our branch inA Tientsin.R Benefits include:Competitive salary,staffY discount,and profit sharing bonus aftera qualifying period.Apply to the Manager in writing,giving details of qualifications and experience.ROOTS THE CHEMIST LTD),18 Shansi Road,Roots Tientsin研究生入学考试模拟英语试题[4]Part I Structure and VocabularySection A(1-10)CBDCBDCDCASection B(11-20)11.正确答案为：A 改为:should have called12.正确答案为：B 改为:did not travel13.正确答案为：D 改为:sach a construction14.正确答案为：A 改为:dating15.正确答案为：C 改为:去掉them16.正确答案为：C 改为:which/that17.正确答案为：D 改为:fewer18.正确答案为：B 改为:come what may19.正确答案为：C 改为:except20.正确答案为：A 改为:has been hopingSection C(21-40)AACCABBADCBABBBCDDABPart II Cloze Test(41-50)ACBCDADACCPart III Reading Comprehension(51-70)BCBDDDBDBDAADDBDACBAPart IV English Chinese Translation71.我对宗派小集团的理解是，若干公民不管是多数还是少数，在一起受共同情感或利益的激励反对其他公民的权力或者反对其周围社会的共同利益。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷48(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．从世界范围看，和平的国际环境和良好的周边关系可望继续保持，我国仍有可能集中力量进行经济建设。

世界科技进步和产业结构的调整，亚太地区经济的迅速增长，给我国经济发展提供了有利的条件。

在我国中长期发展中，也有不少制约因素。

突出的是：人口和就业负担较重，人均资源相对不足，国民经济总体素质低；在日趋激烈的国际竞争中，面临着发达国家在经济与技术上占优势的压力，在国际关系中面临着霸权主义和强权政治的压力。

纵观世纪之交的国内外形势，我们目前有不可多得的历史机遇，也存在着严重的挑战。

我们必须居安思危，奋发图强，在现代化道路上迈出更大步伐!正确答案：Viewed from a global perspective, the peaceful international environment and our country’ s good peripheral relations can be expected to continue and therefore we can persist in our efforts towards sustainable development. The scientific and technical advancement in the world and the industrial restructuring as well as the rapid economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region provide favorable conditions for economic development in China. However, there are quite a few factors that can impede progress in our medium-and-long range development. The prominent ones of these factors are: the deficiency in per-capita resources, the overall low quality of the national economy, pressure in matching the economic, scientific and technical superiority of the developed countries in the increasingly stiff international competition, and pressures exerted by hegemonies and power politics in the international relations. A comprehensive assessment of the domestic and international situation at the turn of the century shows that we are faced with rare historical opportunities as well as serious challenges. We must be vigilant in peacetime, work with a pioneering spirit and make greater strides on the road to modernization. 涉及知识点：汉译英2．和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷58(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．大多数专家认为，越来越多的国家和恐怖组织会在技术上具备获得并使用生化武器的能力。

但敌对国家或恐怖组织使用这些武器的情况并不是不可避免的。

即使在血淋淋的常规战争中打得难分难解，那些动过念头的国家也不敢轻易使用这些武器，他们担心敌人会以牙还牙地报复或在其他地方使战斗升级激化。

而对恐怖组织来说，有技术能力的往往缺乏使用的兴趣，对生化武器有兴趣的却又缺乏必要的技术能力。

然而，评估未来的危险不能简单地从过去推知。

敌对国家及恐怖组织使用生化武器的可能性在不断增加，而且毫无保护的人群哪怕遭受一次这样的袭击，其后果也显然是毁灭性的。

正确答案：Most experts believe that an ever-increasing number of countries and terrorist groups will gain the technical capability to acquire and use chemical and biological weapons. But use of these weapons by hostile states or terrorist groups is not inevitable. Even when locked in bloody conventional wars, nations that have considered using these weapons have generally been deterred by the risk that their opponents would retaliate in kind or escalate the conflict elsewhere. Terrorist groups with the technical capacity to acquire and use a chemical or biological weapon have typically lacked an interest in doing so, while groups interested in such weapons have generally lacked the necessary technical skills. Assessing future threats, however, involves more than simple extrapolation from past trends. In the case of chemical and biological weapons, it appears that the likelihood of use by both hostile states and terrorist groups is growing, and it is clear that even one such attack against an unprotected population could be devastating. 涉及知识点：汉译英2．中药是个大宝库。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷42(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．地理发现中国科学家发现了可能是世界上最大、最深、最高的大峡谷。

该大峡谷叫做雅鲁藏布大峡谷，长300多英里，穿过喜马拉雅山直到中印边界，平均深度约达7000英尺湍急的水流、茂密的森林和森然的峭壁，是这个原始地区的特征。

专家们认为这个大峡谷是20世纪末最伟大的地理发现之一，它在科学上的重要性可与美国大峡谷相提并论。

10月18日，一支由50多名研究人员组成的跨学科考察队开始首次穿越这一过去无人知晓的地区。

正确答案：Geological Discovery Chinese scientists have discovered what may well be the largest, deepest and highest gorge in the world. Called Yarlung Zangbo Gorge, this massive gorge extends more than 300 miles, through the Himalayas; to near Sino-Indian border. The average depth is about 7, 000 feet . . . Churning, fast flowing water, along with dense forests and steep cliffs, characterize this wild region. Experts have termed this gorge one of the greatest geographic discoveries of the late 20th century , equal in scientific importance to America’s Grand Canyon. On October 18th, a cross-disciplinary team of more than 50 researchers began the first-ever trek through this previously unknown territory. 涉及知识点：汉译英2．世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. 英汉互译英汉互译英译汉1．American urbanization went forward in the same climate of the unexpected that has characterized urbanization everywhere. Townsmen, home builders, immigrants, businesses, and governments have made their way in a setting of constant change. They have dwelt in a space they could never know or predict. The settlement , the building and rebuilding, the economy and the governance of American cities thus takes the shape of a history of peoples who brought commonly accepted knowledge and traditions to a situation that demanded continuing adaptation and change. Today the United States is a thoroughly urbanized nation. Only 3. 4 percent of the population still farms, and everyone else, regardless of the size of the settlement, is employed in urban-type jobs. Yet for all the novelty of the present situation, survivals of past stages of American urbanization continues as active tensions within the new totally urbanized setting. The racial conflicts between whites and blacks, devolving from the seventeenth century enslavement of Africans, grind on. Seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth century conflicts among farmers, village merchants, city brokers, and bankers go forward in the politics of governments-subsidized agriculture and government-managed banking. The rivalries among developers, contractors, and cities that characterized the building of nineteenth century canals and railroads reappear in the politics of interstate highways, airplanes, and telecommunications. The specialized city districts that first took shape in the nineteenth century now have been magnified a thousand times into the giant mosaics of metropolitan suburbs, industrial and office parks, shopping centers, and resort and retirement settlements. The community-destroying tensions of relative poverty amidst great wealth first appeared with urban boom of the early nineteenth century. At that time these tensions found their characteristic outlets in workers unions. Now riches and poverty are separated into distant enclaves within vast metropolitan regions, and class conflicts appear in the rivalry of economic factions for special advantages within the system of welfare capitalism of the federal government. The American city remains, as in the nineteenth century, the preeminent place of class contrast, but in the current national and international economy of the United States the city is no longer the place where relief can be sought.正确答案：美国的城市化，在那些毫无预见的人看来，是在其他地方的城市化毫无二致的气氛中进行的。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷30(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. 英汉互译英汉互译汉译英1．科学就是探求真理。

在探求真理的过程中，人们对客观规律的认识要经过艰苦曲折的过程。

常常有这样的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同，就会出现“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同”的情况，以至引起学术上的争论。

因此，有作为的科学工作者都把反对的意见看作对自己的莫大的帮助，把对自己的批评当作最珍贵的友谊。

正如歌德所说，“我们赞同的东西使我们处之泰然，我们反对的东西才使我们的思想获得丰产。

”这都是因为，赞同的意见未必正确，反对的意见未必错误。

退一步说，即使错误的反对意见，对自己的科学研究也是很有好处的。

正确答案：Science means the exploration of truth. In the process of exploring truth, people will have to experience tremendous hardships and difficulties before they can come to understand the objective laws. It is often the case that the differences in the research perspectives, the materials mastered, and the ways of understanding would lead to totally different results—as we might say, “ a mountain becomes a hill when viewed horizontally and a ridge when viewed vertically, and it assumes totally different shapes when viewed from a short or a long distance, or from a high or a low position. “—and even lead to academic disputes. Therefore, an accomplished scientist would regard opposing arguments as his most tremendous benefit and take others’ criticism of him as the most precious friendship that he can ever obtain. In Gothe’s words, “We take for granted what we are in favor of. However, only what we are opposed to can enrich our thoughts. “ This is all because the approving opinions are not necessarily justified while the opposing arguments are not necessarily unfounded. To put it in the least way, even the opposing arguments that are mistaken will be immensely beneficial to one’s own scientific research. 涉及知识点：汉译英2．严格来说，哲学不是解释宇宙，那是自然科学的事。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷14(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. 英汉互译英汉互译英译汉1．Divorce: Balance of Power It makes no sense to say that a good marriage requires parity, as most marriages in the world and throughout history have been based on entirely different principles. You might even conclude from America’ s unusually high divorce rate that the expectation of equality and personal fulfillment is itself a more problematic prescription than that of honor and obedience. Or perhaps the problem lies not in equality, but in the ambivalence that inevitably surrounds atitanic cultural shift only decades old. Many women today still sign up for marriages in which the man, to some extent, dominates. Traditionally those marriages have ended when the stronger party tires of the dependent. When Harriet Newman Cohen began practicing matrimonial law three decades ago, her clients were mostly women whose breadwinners had walked out. But she and others have observed that today, it is as often the weaker party who calls it quits, tired of a role that is no longer culturally sanctioned. And, once equitable distribution laws—which forced the higher-earning spouse to share the wealth equitably—were passed in the 80’ s, there was no longer any financial penalty for divorce. Today, almost as many women as men file for divorce. Infidelity, in addition, is no longer a primarily male province. One divorced investment banker discovered that, within his circle of male friends, it was their wives who cheated, not they. “ In the culture of my firm, having affairs is just bad behavior, like drunk driving—something that could harm your reputation,” he says. Female infidelity, on the other hand, he says, reads differently. “ They’ re finding themselves, exploring their sexuality,”he observed bitterly. “She was fragile and neurotic and I was the white knight. I made her feel taken care of and she made me feel strong—right up until the day she left. “正确答案：离婚：权力的均衡由于古往今来世界上大多数人的婚姻是以完全不同的原则为基础的，所以，好的婚姻需要平等这种说法是没有什么意义的。

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷2(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.网上银行拥有许多优势。

不同于街头的银行，网上银行从不关门，它们每天24小时、每周7天全天候营业，而且只需轻击鼠标即可完成交易。

当你的财务发生问题时，而如果你又正好不在州内，甚至不在国内，你可以马上登陆到网上银行来处理你的财务。

网上银行网站处理并确认交易的速度通常达到或者超过了自动柜员机的运行速度。

许多网上银行网站现在还提供先进的工具，包括账目总计、股票报价以及个人证券投资管理项目，以帮助你更有效地理财。

（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Online banking has a lot of advantages. Unlike your corner bank, online banking sites never close; they" re available 24 hours a day, seven days a week and they" re only a mouse click away. If you" re out of state or even out of the country when a money problem arises, you can log on instantly to your online bank and take care of business. Online bank sites generally execute and confirm transactions at or quicker than ATM processing speeds. Many online banking sites now offer sophisticated tools, including account aggregation, stock quotes, and portfolio managing programs to help you manage all of your assets more effectively.)解析：3.位于北京西北部的“中关村高科技园区”是6000多家研究、开发和生产企业的家园，年销售收入超过61亿美元。

[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷15.doc [考研类试卷]英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷15英译汉1 The balance of nature is a very elaborate and very delicate system of checks and counterchecks. It is continually being altered as climates change, as new organisms evolve, as animals or plants permeate to new areas. But the alterations have in the past, for the most part, been slow, whereas with the arrival of civilized man, their speed has been multiplied manifold: from the evolutionary time-scale, where change is measured by periods of ten or a hundred thousand years, they have been transferred to the human time-scale in which centuries and even decades count.Everywhere man is altering the balance of nature. He is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions, sometimes deliberately, sometimes unconsciously. He is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants, or with houses, factories, slag-heaps and other products of his civilization. He exterminates some species on a large scale, but favours the multiplication of others. In brief, he has done more in five thousand years to alter the biological aspect of the planet than has nature in five million.Many of these changes which he has brought about have had unforeseen consequences. Who would have thought that the throwing away of a piece of Canadian waterweed would have caused half the waterways of Britain to be blocked for a decade, or that the provision of pot cacti for lonely settlers' wives would have led to Eastern Australia being overrun with forests of Prickly Pear? Who would have prophesied that the cutting down of forests on the Adriatic coasts, or in parts of Central Africa, could have reduced the land to a semi desert, with the very soil washed away from the bare rock? Who would have thought that improved communications would have changed history by the spreading of disease-sleeping sickness into East Africa, measles into Oceania, very possibly malaria into ancient Greece?2 Biogas: a Solution to Many ProblemsIn almost all developing countries, the lack of adequate supplies of cheap, convenient and reliable fuel is a major problem. Rural communities depend largely on kerosene, wood and dung for their cooking and lighting needs. But kerosene is now priced out of reach of many people and wood, except in heavily forested areas, is in short supply. The search for firewood occupies a large part of the working day and has resulted in widespread deforestation.Dung is in constant supply wherever there are farm animals and, when dried, it is convenient to store and use. But burning dung destroys its value as fertilizer, thus depriving the soil of a much needed source of humus and nitrogen.Rural areas of developing countries are also plagued by a lack of adequate sanitation. Improper waste disposal spreads disease, contaminates water sources and provides breeding grounds for disease—carrying insects.The problems of improving environmental hygiene, conserving resources and finding alternative sources of fuel may be unrelated. Their solutions, however, are not, as many countries experimenting with biogas technology are discovering. Biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, is produced by the fermentation of organic matter. The process of anaerobic fermentation is a natural one, occurring whenever living matter decomposes. By containing the matter—and the process—in a digester or biogas plant, the combustible gas can be trapped and used as fuel for household lighting and cooking. The digested slurry that remains can be used on the land as a soil conditioner and fertilizer.Biogas plants have attracted much interest in recent years and they are in use in several Asian countries: 36000 are reported in rural areas of India, 27000 in Korea and more than 80000 in China. In most countries the value of the gas has been the prime factor leading to their adoption: 70 percent of India' s plants, for instance, were built during the energy and fertilizer crisis of 1975-1976—although their use in that country dates back to 1951. Similarly in Thailand and Korea, biogas is being investigated as an alternative to costly charcoal ad to save compost materials from being burned.3 Preserving Water SourcesRecently we held a successful daylong workshop that was attended by local primary and secondary school teachers as well as several university students representing the environmental groups on their campuses. The workshop was unique: To convey how critical water is to the survival of society, we showed to what an extent our bodies are water and how the natural environment also revolves around it. We depicted the intimate connection between the functions of the human body and water, and further showed how human systems have parallels in nature. Our participants were amazed that, when shown on the same scale, the human cardiovascular system of veins and arteries and an aerial view of a river system were so much alike as to be indistinguishable. We also showed them the similarities between a human bone and a tree. Nerves, when a person experiences pleasure, look relaxed and have many curves, like a healthy river that also has numerous bends and curves. We contrasted these with a picture of a nerve straight and stiff as it feels pain; alongside it we placed a picture of a river that has been manipulated by human engineering and rendered straight, unhealthy and lifeless.Once our participants had gained a new appreciation for water, the urgent need to protect this precious resource became plain to them. We followed up by spending some time thinking about concrete projects that they could undertake with their students or green groups.Many great project ideas were voiced that day and some are already getting underway.A secondary school in Tianjin is beginning a campus greening project and wants to include greywater treatment as well as rainwater collection in their plan. Students from a local university are campaigning to reduce the water usage in their bathhouses. Currently, students pay one price for a shower of unlimited length, which invariably leads to waste. Their approach to cutting waste includes changing the pricing scheme and replacing the showerheads in their bathhouses with a water-saving type.4 Energy CrisisThe U. S. Census Bureau has estimated that the population of the United States could approach 300 million in 2000 and will be 400 million in 2020. And the U. S. Department of Commerce estimates that the average U. S. per capital income will increase from $ 3, 400 in 1969 to the equivalent of $ 8, 300 ( assuming a 1967 price level) in the year 2000, 2. 5 times as much as that of 1969.According to government statistics, in the United States, there are over 110 million cars and 15 million commercial vehicles or trucks. And "more people" means "more cars". By the end of the twenties of next century, the population of the United States will have doubled that of today and the number of automobiles will be doubled as well. Andin twenty years' time the per capita income will also be 2. 5 times higher than it is now. If this increased income is spent on more and larger automobiles, larger houses, and increased consumption of other material goods, the results could cause catastrophic resource exhaustion, and pollution. Take the increase of the consumption of oil for instance. The consumption is so huge that the oil reserves might last only a decade or two if not supplemented by imports.Ten years ago it appeared that nuclear power would solve the anticipated energy crisis. Although supplies of uranium fuel were known to be limited and might become exhausted in half a century, the nuclear power plant has for a long time been a favorite project. But work on it has met with grave problems. The fear of possible atomic explosion and the problem of disposing of polluting byproduct waste have slowed down the construction of further nuclear plants. Eventually atomic technology may be able to control these problems, but at present there seems to be little agreement along atomic scientists about when this can be achieved.5 Thinking about going off the beaten path for your next vacation? If so, you might be one of the many people who are enjoying a relatively new mode of travel known as ecotourism. As the name implies, ecotourism focuses on conserving the ecology and natural heritage of tourist destinations. In addition, ecotourism features indigenous cultures and promotes ways for local communities to control and maintain their resources. In the past, vacationers usually spent their time staying at luxury hotels and visiting famous landmarks and museums in cities such as New York, Paris and Tokyo. Otherspreferred to relax on the beautiful beaches of Hawaii or the deck of a cruise ship in the sunny Caribbean. There was little interaction with the local people and overcrowding often spoiled the natural beauty of popular vacation spots. In addition, excessive commercialization turned many places into tourist traps.Since the early 1980s, however, adventure-oriented and nature-based vacation activities have become increasingly popular. Developing alongside a global rise in environmental consciousness and respect for cultural diversity, ecotourism is the one of the fastest growing sectors of the travel and tourism industry. Mountain climbing in the Himalayas, roughing it on a wilderness expedition, trekking in the Amazon rainforest and whale watching on the high seas are attractive alternatives to the urban comforts of five-star hotels and classy restaurants.But ecotourism means more than just traveling to remote destinations. The concept also emphasizes educating visitors about local people, customs and cultural heritage. Perhaps most importantly , it involves a methodical approach to tourism that minimizes the negative impact on natural habitats and gives host communities a leading role in decision-making processes, along with the lion' s share of economic benefits.As tourism might be the largest industry in the world, sustainable growth strategies should be adopted to ensure that our natural and cultural heritage is preserved for the enjoyment and benefit of future generations.。