2019届高三英语二轮复习精品教学案:【专题1】名词和代词(含答案)
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教学过程一、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学的知识点,(以提问、回顾的形式进行),针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑二、知识讲解考点/易错点1 名词的数名词分为可数(有单、复数形式)和不可数名词(只有单数形式)。
1、可数名词单数变复数:①一般加s :lesson → lessons, pen → pens②以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o结尾的加es :buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, hero → heroes但有些以o结尾的名词,是加s构成复数:kilo → kilos, piano → pianos, radio → radios,photo → photos, zoo → zoos③以辅音字母+ y 结尾的改y为i,再加es :city → cities, story → stories④以f 或fe结尾的,一般将f或fe改为v,再加es :knife → knives, leaf → leaves 但有些以f 结尾的名词,是在f后加s,构成复数形式:belief → beliefs, roof → roofs, safe(保险箱)→ safes, proof(证据)→ proofs, chief → chiefs, handkerchief → handkerchiefs2、有些名词,不按上述规则构成其复数形式,有以下几种情况:①单复数形式相同:Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep②不规则变化:man → men, woman → women, goose → geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, child → children, mouse → mice, ox → oxen 。
但是,German → Germans ③复合名词的复数形式:editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law, grown-up → grown-ups, woman teacher → women teachers, man driver → men drivers3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题①物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如:fishes各种鱼,fruits各种水果,steels各种钢材。
教学过程一、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学的知识点,(以提问、回顾的形式进行),针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑二、知识讲解考点/易错点1 名词的数名词分为可数(有单、复数形式)和不可数名词(只有单数形式)。
1、可数名词单数变复数:①一般加s :lesson → lessons, pen → pens②以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o结尾的加es :buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, hero → heroes但有些以o结尾的名词,是加s构成复数:kilo → kilos, piano → pianos, radio → radios,photo → photos, zoo → zoos③以辅音字母+ y 结尾的改y为i,再加es :city → cities, story → stories④以f 或fe结尾的,一般将f或fe改为v,再加es :knife → knives, leaf → leaves 但有些以f 结尾的名词,是在f后加s,构成复数形式:belief → beliefs, roof → roofs, safe(保险箱)→ safes, proof(证据)→ proofs, chief → chiefs, handkerchief → handkerchiefs2、有些名词,不按上述规则构成其复数形式,有以下几种情况:①单复数形式相同:Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep②不规则变化:man → men, woman → women, goose → geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, child → children, mouse → mice, ox → oxen 。
但是,German → Germans ③复合名词的复数形式:editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law, grown-up → grown-ups, woman teacher → women teachers, man driver → men drivers3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题①物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如:fishes各种鱼,fruits各种水果,steels各种钢材。
2018高考英语二轮复习精品资料专题04 介词和介词短语教学案(教师版)1.【2019届北京东城区高三期末】25. I asked for some more cake, but there wasleft.A. no one B. none C.a little D. a few2.【2019届北京海淀区高三期末】26. John has always wanted an iPad and he has justsaved enough money to buy _______.A. oneB. itC. thisD. that3. 【2019届北京西城区高三期末试题】31.Being more realistic, the elderly havelearned to focus on things that make the m happy and let go of ____ that don't.A.th em B.it C.that D.those4. 【2019届河北省石家庄市第一次质检】22.M ary’s parents admitted that she wasal ways contrary to a wish of .A.them B.theirs C.their D.themselves5. 【2019届江西南昌高三调研】33.Mr Black, who we all admire, is a kindbu t strict teacher.A. the one B. it C. one D. as6. 【2019届人大附中高考冲刺卷4】22.Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ______didn't help.A.he B.which C.it D.one7. 【2019届中国人民大学附中高考冲刺卷5】26.—— Have you got any books onEnglish grammar? I’d like to borrow .—— Ye s, h ere you are. But you must return it by Friday.A.it B.one C.some D.any8. 【2019届湖南师大附中高三第5次月考】35. --- What do you think about smoking?--- Well, just as someone puts _______, smoking kills.A. thisB. itC. thatD. one9. 【2019届东北三省四市协作体联考】32. — How much bread is there?—______. I wish I could offer you some.A. NoneB. AllC. NothingD. Any10. 【2019届河北保定市期末调研】23. Will you see to _______ th at the luggage is brought back?A. meB. yourselfC. itD. them11. 【2019届黑龙江哈师大附中高三期末】26. Although his excuse was as goo das _ _ other, I don’t believe that was a fact.A. one B. each C. every D. any12. 【2019届河北衡水中学第二次模拟】34. You may depend on that they willlook after your daughter when you are away.A. themB. thisC. herD. it13. 【2019届河南开封市第一次模拟】34.He is always really rude, _ is whypeople tend to avoid him.A. that B. it C. this D. which14.【2019届安徽皖南八校12月联考】23.Singing with Sun Yang, the swimmingchampion , face to face is an unforgettable moment, the little girlalways treasures.A.one B.this C.that D.it15. 【2019届广西柳铁一中、南宁三中联考】23. Young people may grow quickly insome ways and more slowly in ____.A. the otherB. some otherC. othersD. these others。
第一层级|抓牢“词法”——保基本分第一讲名词和冠词在高考中,语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。
在语法填空和短文改错中,解答有关名词的题目时,一要根据在句中所作的成分确定是否使用名词。
名词在句中常用作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
二要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语的情况以及主谓一致原则来确定名词单复数。
(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)It was late at night. Two 1.________ (German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly, one of them, Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three thousand 2.______ (dollar) in her pocket. “What should I do? Many 3.______ (thief) usually bring 4.________ (knife) with them,”she thought in 5.________ (silent). After two 6.________ (minute) search, the thief happened to touch a sports suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went out to the next room where two 7.________ (Frenchman) were sleeping. When he was looking for 8.________ (money) or some 9.________ (jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the police. And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police showed up. Before the thief ran away, the police caught him. For Mrs. Green, it was really an unusual 10.________ (experience).答案:1.Germans 2.dollars 3.thieves 4.knives 5.silence 6.minutes'7.Frenchmen8.money9.jewels/jewelry10.experience(二)快捷技法1.可数名词复数的规则变化:(1)一般情况下在词尾直接加-s(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,将y变为i,再加-es(4)以元音字母加y结尾的名词,在词尾直接加-s(5)以o结尾的名词,无生命的常在词尾加-s,如pianos, photos;有生命的在词尾加-es,如potatoes, heroes等(6)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f或fe为v,再加-es。
第十讲 代词和名词(对应学生用书第28页)1.(2016·江苏高考卷)—Can you tell us your________ for happiness and a long life?—Living every day to the full,definitely.A.recipe B.record C.range D.receiptA [句意:——你能告诉我们你幸福和长寿的秘诀吗?——当然是充实地过好每一天。
recipe秘诀,食谱;record录音,记录;range范围;receipt收据。
]2.(2015·江苏高考卷)Some schools will have to make________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.A.judgments B.adjustmentsC.comments D.achievementsB [考查名词辨析。
句意:为了和全国的足球改革保持一致,一些学校将不得不做出调整。
judgment判断;adjustment调整;comment评论;achievement成就。
]【导学号:25874019】3.(2015·江苏高考卷)—Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave.—I'd like to,but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my________.A.requests B.excusesC.apologies D.regretsC [考查名词辨析。
句意:——戴夫,去和妈妈说声抱歉。
——我愿意去,但是恐怕她不接受我的道歉。
request请求;excuse借口;apology道歉;regret后悔,遗憾。
]4.(2014·江苏高考卷)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful________ in last year's election.A.symbol B.portrait C.identity D.statueA [考查名词辨析。
第一讲名词和冠词语法项目(一) 名词[考纲解读·定方向]语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格,以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。
短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。
解答有关名词的题目时,一定要注意名词前的修饰成分,如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等,来判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词;有的还要结合语境分析句子成分,来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。
如何确定填单复数、所有格还是派生为名词[思考趋向]1.填名词的单复数若提示词是名词,分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变,此时应考虑填名词的单复数。
2.填名词的所有格提示词为名词时,如果作定语表示“……的”,则一般考查名词的所有格。
3.派生为名词[典例感悟][典例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.解析:invitations invitation“邀请”是可数名词,其前有several修饰,应用复数形式。
[典例2](2019·湖南师大附中模拟)This could be ________ (Mary) motto——the expression that best captures her spirit.解析:Mary's 此题考查名词的所有格,根据语境应该表示“玛丽的格言”。
[典例3](2017·浙江卷11月)Of course you have to work at it.You wouldn't think that a few ________ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life,and that's also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily,and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.解析:months 考查名词的数。
近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少,多与冠词一起进行考查,但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点,且考查范围较广。
其命题趋势仍将是:在不同语言环境中去识别词义,进行词义辨析,是高考考查的重点。
因此,考生不仅要弄清词义,而且也要把握好语言环境,在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。
建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。
冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。
主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上,在具体语境下的冠词的运用,主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别,名词前不用冠词的情况,特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。
热点题型一考查名词的数例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.A. the; theB. an; theC. an; 不填D. the; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1.可数名词的复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加s;词尾若是s,x,ch,sh,在词尾加esdesk→desks;dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母+y”结尾的词,要变y为i再加esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词,多数加spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep;deer(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂);means(方法)有一些例外情况:(1)巧记以o结尾加es的名词:黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。
(即Negro,hero,tomato和potato 四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加s:海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。
三年(2017-2019)年高考真题分项汇编专题01 冠词、名词一、2019年高考真题1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. A. priority B. potentialC. proportionD. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。
A. priority 优先;优先权;B. potential 潜在的,可能的;C. proportion 比例,占比;D. pension 退休金,抚恤金。
故选A 。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways. A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
句意:我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。
statement“陈述说明”; impact“强烈的影响,冲击力”; impression“印象,感想”; judgement“判断力判断”。
故选B 。
3.【2019·新课标I 卷·语法填空】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。
2019届高考英语代词第二轮备考复习教案卫辉一中XX届高三二轮备考抓分点透析之英语代词【XX年高考命题预测】高考对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词上,具体体现在1、考查他们在特定结构中的用法;2、考查他们在具体语境中的意义和功能。
此外,it的用法也是高考代词考查的热点。
据此认为XX年对代词的考查依然集中在不定代词的用法区别及it的用法。
【重难点突破】【概述】代词是代替名词的词,它分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词等。
分类用法人称代词★不仅指人,也可指物主格:i , we, you ,he, she, it, they,宾格:me, us, you, him, her, it , them 1.主格作主语,宾格作宾语she is our teacher.(主格作主语)i often help him with his math.(宾格作宾语)★口语中,人称代词宾格常用作表语who is there? it’s me.(宾格作表语)2.人称代词在句子中的顺序单:第二人称+第三人称+第一人称 you +he/she + iyou, he and i are in the same classroom.复:第一人称+第二人称+第三人称 we + you + theywe, you and they are all chinese.3.glasses,sunglasses,boots等复数形式的词单独:动词用复数,对应代词they或themmy trousers are over there and they are dirty.与量词一起:动词用单数,对应代词they或themif you find a pair of scissors in the drawer, pass them to me.4.as和than 之后的人称代词as和than 之后的人称代词,作主语用主格,作宾语用宾格;但在非正式语体中,或带有all, both 时,通常用宾格。
【专题一】名词和代词【考情分析】(1)名词在高考中的考查重点:1.名词词义辨析2.名词的数3.名词作定语4. 名词所有格5. 抽象名词具体化6. 名词与冠词的结合(2)代词在高考中的考查重点:1.考查它们在特定结构中的用法,如:anyone,both,neither,nothing等与从句相结合。
2.考查any,some,all,none,other,another等不定代词在特定语境中的意义和功能差别。
3.it,one,that,ones,those作替代词的用法区别。
4.it表时间、天气、距离等及it作形式主语、形式宾语。
5.each,every,any的用法。
6.no one,nobody,nothing 和none的区别7.other, another, others, any other, the other 的区别8.all ,both, either, neither, one的区别【知识归纳】名词考点一名词辨析1.注意一词多义的名词.2.注意形似意异名词3. 注意近义和同义名词的用法。
考点二名词的数1.可数与不可数名词名词的可数与不可数是一个十分复杂而又非常重要的问题。
许多名词通常是不可数的,但在一定的情况下又可以变为可数名词。
(1)物质名词一般不可数,如:milk,gold,coffee,beer,但有些可用作可数名词,表示特殊意义,如:an icecream(一份冰淇淋),a light rain(一阵小雨)。
(2) 抽象名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体指特定的某一件事时,这一抽象名词可用作可数名词。
difficulty 困难;a difficulty 一件难事 experience 经验;an experience 一次经历failure 失败;a failure 一位失败者,一件失败的事 knowledge 知识;a good knowledge 丰富的知识success 成功;a success 一位成功者,一件成功的事 surprise 惊奇;a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事honour 荣誉;an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事如:Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
His new book was a great success.他的新书获得巨大成功。
(3) 有些不可数名词后面加s时表示特殊意义time 时间times 次数;时代;倍数 glass玻璃glasses 眼镜 wood 木头woods 树林sand 沙子 sands 沙滩 paper 纸papers 试卷;论文;报纸 wish 愿望wishes 问候如:She wears a pair of glasses. 她戴着一副眼镜。
Don’t judge a man by his looks.不要以貌取人。
It is bad manners to talk with his mouth full. 说话时满嘴食物是不礼貌的。
2.常用作复数的名词people, police, goods (货物),trousers, glasses (眼镜),clothes, congratulations, preparations, tears, repairs, regards(问候), sports等。
3.单复数同形的名词sheep (羊), deer (鹿), fish (鱼),bison(犀牛),Chinese (中国人), Japanese (日本人), Swiss (瑞士人),means (方法),aircraft (飞机),works (工厂)等。
4.可作单数也可以作复数的名词family, team, committee, crew, public, group, class, government, company, party 等。
以上名词若看作一个整体作单数,谓语动词用单数;若看作一个集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数。
考点三名词所有格与名词作定语1.名词的格(1)带’s的所有格形式,一般只适用于以下几类名词:①有生命的名词,表示所属关系:children’s book儿童书籍,Lucy’s room露茜的房间。
②表示时间的名词:yesterday’s paper昨天的报纸,an hour’s lecture一个小时的演讲。
③表示距离的名词:ten kilometers’ walk 10公里的路程。
④表示长度的名词:100 meters’ d istance 100米的距离。
⑤表示地点的名词:Beijing’s industry 北京的工业⑥表示价格的名词:10 dollars’ worth 10美元的价值(2)of +n.所有格,一般适用于无生命的名词或当名词短语太长时。
如:the students of our school我们学校的学生。
the development of industry 工业的发展。
(3)双重所有格比较:a photo of my father’s (我父亲所有照片中的一张,不一定是他本人的照片)a photo of my father (表示我父亲本人的照片)2.名词作定语(1)名词作定语一般用单数,如boy students 男学生,girl player 女选手。
但是名词woman, man作定语且修饰复数名词时,作定语的名词也用复数。
如:men teachers男老师,women doctors女医生。
(2)“名词作定语”与“名词所有格作定语”的区别:①名词可以位于另一个名词前面作定语。
名词定语在逻辑上表示中心词的用途(职能)、材料、②名词所有格是表示一种所有关系。
一般来说只有下列名词才有所有格形式:有生命的名词、集体名词、度量(重量、价格、距离、长度、时间等)名词以及国家、城市、地区等名词后可加’s构成所有格。
例如:ten minutes’ walk 10分钟的路程,today’s newspaper今天的报纸,Beijing’s street 北京的街道,Tom’s home汤姆的家等。
代词考点一 it, that, one(s), those的用法1.it代替的是前面提到的同一事物,即同名同物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。
如:I’d like t o look at that atlas. May I borrow it?我想看看那张地图,我能借用一下吗(it代替可数名词atlas)?2.one叫作泛指代词代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个,所代替名词是可数名词单数,其前可带冠词与修饰语。
如果代替复数名词,则用ones。
如:①The population problem may be the greatest one in the world today.人口问题可能是当今世界上最大的一个问题。
(one代替可数名词problem)②—Which jackets are yours?“哪些是你的夹克?”—The white ones. (ones代替可数名词jackets)“这些白色的。
”3.that叫作特指代词代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数,也可以是不可数名词,后面常有限制性定语。
如:①The doctor in our school is younger than that in their school.我们学校的校医比你学校的要年轻。
(that代替可数名词doctor,相当于the one)②The weather of this week is worse than that of last week.这周的天气比上周的天气要坏。
(that代替不可数名词weather)4.those是that的复数形式代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物,只能指代复数名词,相当于the ones。
如:The computers in your office are more expensive than those / the ones in our school. 你办公室的电脑比我们学校的电脑要贵。
(those代替复数名词computers)no one, nobody, nothing和none的用法区别考点二 no one,nobody,nothing 和none 的用法1.no one=nobody 意为“没有人”,只能指人,不能指物,不可与介词 of 连用,谓语动词用单数形式,回答 who 引导的问句。
如:—Who is in the classroom?“是谁在教室?”—No one.“没有人。
”2.nothing 意为“没有东西”,一般回答what。
如:—What’s in the cave?“洞里面有什么?”—Nothing.“什么都没有。
”3. none 既可指人,也可指物,强调数量,意为“一点也不,一个也不”;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与 of 连用,通常指“三者以上的人或物中没有一个”,上下文已明确的情况下,也可省略of短语。
常用来回答 how much 和 how many 引导的疑问句。
如:They were all tired, but none (of them) would stop to have a rest.他们都累了,但没有一个愿意停下来休息。
考点三 other, another, others, any other, the other 的区别1.other 表示泛指,意为“另外的、其他的”常与复数名词。
如果前面有 the, some, any, each, every, no, one 以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词。
如:I have no other place to go. 我再也没有别的地方可去。
2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”,泛指单数。
可单独使用,也可后接名词。
如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又、再、还”。
如:①This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one). 这顶帽子对我来说太小了。
再给我拿一顶。
②We need another three assistants in our shop. 我们店里还需要三位助手。
3.others:相当于复数名词,是“other+复数名词”的一种变式,意为“别的人或物”,但不指全部。
特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。
如:He has more concern for others than for himself.比起自己来说,他更关心他人。