第二章冠词

一、冠词1.不定冠词a，an表示one或every。

如：You have a mouth。

表示某一类人、事或物，相当于any。

如：A spade is a tool。

用于某些固定词组中。

如：a bit，a lot of。

泛指某人或某物。

如：A boy is waiting for her。

用在rather，many，what等词之后。

如：You are rather a fool。

注意：名词以元音音素开头时，前面若加不定冠词，要用“an”。

2.定冠词the表示上文已提到过或下文将要提到的人或事物。

如：I am very interested in the book。

表示独一无二的人或事物。

如：the world，the sun，the moon，the earth。

用在序数词、形容词最高级及对两人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。

如：the young，the second story，the largest room。

用在以-ese，-ch，-sh等结尾和表示国家、党派等专有名词前，以及在江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。

如：the Communist Party of China，the Changjiang River，the Great Lake。

用在方位名词前以及某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。

如：in the west，on the right。

用在形容词前表示一类人。

如：the young，the dead。

在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人，或这一姓氏的夫妇俩。

如：The Turners are sitting at the breakfast table。

用在单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物。

如：The horse is a use-ful animal。

在艺术、文娱活动名称前通常用定冠词。

如：go to the cinema。

3.不加冠词(1) 一般专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前不加冠词。

第二章 冠词什么是冠词？冠词用在名词之前，一共有三个: a, an, the 。

其中a 和an 是不定冠词，而the 是定冠词。

1. 不定冠词的用法不定冠词用法举例a 用在辅音音素开头的单词前a book / a pencilan用在元音音素开头的单词前an apple / an eggLinda 老师的小提醒★ 元音音素和辅音音素的判别，要以发音为准。

比如an umbrella 中u 的发音为元音音素/ʌ/;而a unit 中的发音为辅音音素/ j /，需要用a 而不是an ，所以在分辨时需要尤其注意。

★ 有些单词看似第一个字母是辅音字母，但实际上发音是元音音素，需要用an 。

an hour 一个小时; an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩an umbrellaa umbrella ×2. 不定冠词在不同句子中表达不同含义1) 表示事物的数量为1I have an apple and a banana.我有一个苹果和一个香蕉。

There is a pencil in the pencil-box.铅笔盒里有一支铅笔。

2) 表示一类事物A rabbit can jump. 兔子会跳。

I want to see a doctor. 我想去看医生。

3) 表示“每一”I go to the cinema twice a year. 我每年去电影院两次。

How much are the apples? Two yuan a kilo. 苹果多少钱？每公斤两元。

3. 不定冠词的一些固定用法a rest 休息一下have a look 看一看havea while 一会儿have a fever 发烧fora walk 散步haveLinda老师的小提醒在不定冠词a/an的固定用法中，其实a / an没有十分明确的含义，只是习惯用法，但也不可遗漏。

定冠词the在名词之前有特指的作用。

即“这个，那个，这些，那些”等，用法较多。

小学英语语法（名词、冠词、介词详解）第一章名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。

它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。

二、分类1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如：john is a studentstudent是普通名词，john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词，专有名词前一般不加冠词，专有名词的首字母要大写。

2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。

3.专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的事物。

三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清（没有复数）drink milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式，不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数形式。

many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。

3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰。

不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法：1） some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。

注意既可以与可数名词复数，又可以与不可数名词连用的有：plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。

如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。

《薄冰实用英语语法详解》连载之一：名词第一章、名词的数1. 名词复数的规则变化形式词尾字母变化方式例词通常情况加-s bird-birds, shop-shops, lake-lakes-ch,-sh,-s,-x,-z加-es church-churches, dish-dishes, class-classes, box-boxes辅音字母+y 变-y为-i再加-esfactory-factories, fly-flies, family-families, baby-babies-o 加-es tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes-f或-fe 变-f或-fe为-v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, shelf-shelves, knife-knives,life-lives, half-halves有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词复数只加-s，读作 / s /。

如：gulf - gulfs 海湾chief - chiefs 首领proof - proofs 证据roof - roofs 屋顶有些以-y结尾的专有名词的复数直接加-s。

如：Henry - Henrys亨利Mary - Marys 玛丽有些以辅音字母＋o 结尾的名词的复数直接加-s。

如：piano - pianos 钢琴memo - memos 备忘录photo - photos 照片solo - solos 独唱有些以字母-o结尾的名词有两种复数形式，可以加-s，也可以加-es。

如：motto - mottos/mottoes 箴言halo - halos/haloes 光环cargo - cargos/cargoes 货物grotto - grottos/grottoes 洞穴以-oo或元音字母加-o结尾的名词只加-s。

如：bamboo - bamboos 竹子kangaroo - kangaroos 袋鼠video - videos 电视radio - radios 收音机只有一个/ s /音结尾的名词，复数形式读/ ziz /。

冠词相关知识全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：冠词是英语中一个非常基础但又非常重要的语法项目。

它可以分为不定冠词"a/an"和定冠词"the"两种。

正确使用冠词可以帮助我们准确理解句子的意思，避免歧义。

在英语中，冠词起到了强调和修饰名词的作用，使得句子更加准确和流畅。

首先我们来谈谈不定冠词"a"和"an"的用法。

不定冠词"a"用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，而不定冠词"an"用在以元音音素开头的单词前。

我们说"a book"（一本书）和"an apple"（一个苹果）。

这里的区别在于辅音音素和元音音素的发音，需要我们根据实际情况来选择合适的不定冠词。

不定冠词的主要作用是强调数量或者表达一种泛指的意思，不具体指明特定的对象。

接着我们来看看定冠词"the"的用法。

定冠词"the"通常用来指代特定的事物或者人物，起到限定名词的作用。

我们可以说"the book on the table"（桌子上的书），这里的"the"是指特定的书，而不是泛指的任意一本书。

定冠词"the"还常用在特指某些特定事物的情况下，比如当我们在提及某个唯一的对象或者在上下文当中已经明确了指代对象的情况下。

除了不定冠词和定冠词，英语中还有零冠词的用法。

零冠词表明了名词的泛指性或者抽象性，在具体语境中可以不用冠词进行修饰。

我们说"go to school"（去上学），这里并没有用冠词修饰"school"，因为"school"是一个抽象的概念，不需要具体的限定。

在英语中，冠词的使用也受到名词单复数的影响。

在单数名词前通常使用不定冠词"a/an"或者定冠词"the"，而在复数名词前通常不使用冠词。

冠词（Article）是一种虚词，在句子中不重读，本身不能独立使用，只能放在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，它是英语词性中最小的一类，只有三个，一种是不定冠词（Indefinite Article），一种是定冠词（Definite Article）。

此外也有些特定场合不用冠词，即通常所称的零冠词（Zero Article）。

其中冠词简称“art.”冠词有不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词。

冠词分为不定冠词"a，an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词"(/)"三种，零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。

定冠词（例如英语中的the）用来限定这个冠词后面的名词是某个特定的事物；不定冠词（例如英语中的a/an）用来表示这个冠词后面的名词是指某一类特定事物中的一个，但具体是哪一个并不重要；部分冠词（例如法语中的du/de la）用来表示这个冠词后面的名词的量是不确定的。

不定冠词用法不定冠词A/AN1.an + a、e、i、o、f、h、l、m、n、r、s、x（12个字母单独出现读音是以元音开头的,其余字母则是以辅开头的）eg：There is an "a" and ”n“ in the word ”and“2. 特殊单词：（不发元音的情况）a uniform a universitya useful book a Europeana one-way street 一条街an hour an honest boy （拼读时h不发音，o发元音）a/an+序数词又一个eg：I have a third apple .我又吃了一个苹果.（表示一共吃三个）3. ①用在可数名词的单数形式前,表示一类事物或人中的任意一个9.用在姓氏的复数形式前.eg：the Greens格林一家10.用在乐器名词前eg：play the piano 弹钢琴11.和某些形容词连用,表示一类人或事物.是复数概念eg：the rich富人那些地方不出现冠词1.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词的名词前不用冠词eg：China 中国May五月Tom 汤姆2.表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词eg：We are all students. 我们都是学生。

第二章冠词（帮助说明名词所指的对象）一．不定冠词（元音发音用an, 辅音发音用a）___ useful book ___ university ___ MP5 ___ hour ____ umbrella ___ unusual experience There is _____ “h” in the word “honesty”.短语中有定冠词和无定冠词的区别1.sit at table 吃饭sit at the table 在桌旁2.in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 为…所有3.be of age 成年be of an age 同龄4.take advice 征求意见take the advice 听从劝告5.be in charge of 负责 be in the charge of 由…负责6.by day 在白天by the day 按日计算7.in sight of 能看见in the sight of 据… 的见解8.by sea 乘船by the sea 在海边9.He is still in office 他仍然在执政He is still in the office 他仍然在办公室里10.It is out of question那是毫无疑问的 It is out of the question 那根本是不可的11.a third time 又一次the third time 第三次12.in hospital 生病住院in the hospital 在医院里13.on earth 究竟on the earth 在地球上14.for a moment 一会儿for the moment 目前, 暂时15.two of us 我们当中的两个the two of us 我们两个人（记住这里指总共有两个人）16. take place 发生take the place of 代替17. in open 公开in the open air 在户外18. on watch 值班on the watch 留神19. in future 从今以后in the future 将来20. in place of 代替in the place of 在…的地方综合练习1. His grandparents were born in ___Qing Dynasty, while he was born in ____1920s.A. the, aB. /, theC. the, theD. the, /2. Dalian is ___most beautiful tourist city and I believe I’ll come for ___second time.A. the, aB. a, aC.the, theD. a, the3. In the United States, Father’s Day falls on ____third Sunday in ____June.A. the, /B. a, theC. the, theD. /, the4. Peter likes playing ___basketball, but he doesn’t like ____basketball I bought for him on his birthday. A. the, the B./, / C. /, the D. the, /5. I like ___color of your skirt. It is ____good match for your shoes.A. a, theB. a, aC. the, aD. the, the6. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in ____leg.A. aB. hisC. oneD. the7. David comes from _____European country and he is ____honest boy.A. a, anB. an, aC. the, anD. an, an8. Mike was elected____chairman of the students’ union and it was ___honor for him.A. a, anB. the, aC. the, anD. /, an9. ___ came that Mary had ___with Tom and both of them were very angry.A. A word, a wordB. The word, a wordC. Words, wordsD. word, words10. Reading is ____good habit. Stick to it, and you’ll make____ progress.A. a, /B. a, aC. /, aD. the, /11. Hiking is ____great fun. You will get close to ____nature and take exercises.A. a, theB. /, /C. /, theD. the, /12. Is there ____Miss Smith in the office? Here is ____package for her.A. a, aB. /, aC. /, theD. a, the13. Sue could play ___ piano at the age of four.A. theB. /C. aD. an14. If you go by ____train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ____fast one.A. the, theB. /, aC. the, aD. /, /15. Hu Jintao, ___Chairman of China attended ____ceremony marking the 10th anniversary of Macao’s return to the motherland on December 20, 2009.A. the, theB. the, aC. /, theD. /, a16. Although he was in ___ trouble, the great man would never lose ___ heart.A. /, /B. the, theC. /, theD. the, /易错题1. Since tasting the excitement of _____ big city life, she never wants to live in _____ country again.A. the, theB. 不填，不填C. the, 不填D. 不填，the2. The operation is _____ success and the patient is now out of _____ danger.A. a, theB. a, 不填C. 不填, theD. 不填，不填3. As _____ writer, he was _____ complete failure.A. a, aB. a, theC. 不填，不填D. a, 不填4. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _____.A. on the SundayB. on a SundayC. on SundayD. at a Sunday5. This is _____ best kind of _____ pen you can get here.A. the, theB. the, aC. the, 不填D. a, the6. As is known to us all, _____ tiger is in _____ danger of becoming extinct.A. the, aB. the, 不填C. a, 不填D. 不填, the7. He spent too much time talking on ___ phone while we were all busy at ____ work.A. the, 不填B. a, 不填C. 不填, 不填D. the, the8. As _______ unemployment is very high at the moment, it’s very difficult for people to find _______ work.A. the, 不填B.不填，不填C. the, aD. an, the9. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for _______ bedroom apartment.A. one aB. the oneC. oneD. a one10. The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.A. 不填, 不填B. the, aC. 不填, theD. the, 不填11. I often have conversations with John over ______ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by ______ letter.A. 不填；theB. 不填；aC. the；不填D. the; a12. —John has put forward _______ most challenging question for us to answer.—Yes, it really is. I have never heard _______ harder one.A. the; 不填B. 不填; theC. the; theD. a; a13. ―What about ______ school?‖ ―It is as good, as anybody can see, _____ school as No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.‖A. a; theB. the; aC. a; aD. the; the14. The market for ___ used computers is getting larger and larger as____ years go on.A. 不填, 不填B. the, 不填C. the, theD. 不填, the15. ―Charley Oakley, ______ NBA All-star, hasn’t missed ______ game in th e past three years.‖ ―I can hardly believe it.‖A. an; theB. a; theC. the; aD. an; a16. In the market, vegetables are sold by _____ kilogram, I mean, by______ weight.A. the; 不填B.不填; 不填C. the; theD.不填；the17. Many people agree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today.A. the, anB. a, 不填C. the, theD. 不填, the18. The cakes are delicious. I’d like to have _______ third one as _______ second oneI ate was too small. A. the, the B. a, the C. the, a D. a, a19. ________ England of those years was _______ England in peace.A. 不填, 不填B. The, anC. The, 不填D. 不填, an20. — Did you happen to see _______ black and _______ white cat?— Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.A. a; 不填B. the; 不填C. the; theD. a; the【2013福建】21. The ―Chinese Dream‖ is ______ dream to improve people’s well-being and ______ dream of harmony, peace and development.A. the; aB. a; aC. a; theD. the; the【2013江西】32. Animals are obviously ____ lower form of life than _____ man.A. a ; /B. the ; theC. a ; theD. / ; / 【2013山东】22. It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____ night sky.A. 不填；aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; 不填【2013陕西】19. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in I thirteenth century.A. the; aB. a; /C. /; theD. the; the【2013新课标II卷】13.Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.A. a; aB. the; theC.不填；theD. a;不填【2013新课标】31. India attained independence in 1947, after long struggle.A.不填;aB. the; aC. an;不填D. an; the【2013浙江】15. People develop ______ preference for a particular style of learning at ______ early age and these preferences affect learning.A. a; anB. a; 不填C. 不填; theD. the; an 【2013重庆】32. The parents were shocked by news that their son needed operation on his knee.A. a;/B. the; /C. the; anD. a; an1. 选D，big city life 表泛指，其前不用冠词；country 表示―农村‖时，其前习惯上要用定冠词。