华科大英语双学位实用翻译lecture 2PPT课件

Assignments
Students will complete regular assignments to practice and apply the knowledge gained in class.
Tutorials
Tutorials will provide students with additional support and help in areas where they may need extra assistance.
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Course Summary and Outlook
Review of learning outcomes
01 02 03 04
回顾学习成果
掌握3000个以上英语单词，能够进行日常交流和简单的学术讨论。
掌握英语语法和句型，能够写出结构完整的段落和短文。 提高英语听说能力，能够听懂英语新闻、电影、演讲等，并能够进行
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Basic English knowledge
Vocabulary learning
掌握基础词汇
PPT课件中应包含大量的基础词汇，并配有生动的图片和例句，帮助学生理解和 记忆。
Grammar comprehension
提高语法理解
通过PPT课件的讲解和练习，使学生能够掌握英语的基本语法结构，培养他们的语言组织能力。
course arrangement
Lectures
Weekly lectures will cover the course content, including theoretical concepts and practical applications.
Exams
There will be two exams throughout the semester, one midterm and one final exam, to assess students' understanding and retention of course material.

• 商业实务包括人们在现代商业及相关的一切 领域（如交通、运输、通讯、工程、房产等 ）的交易、交往活动；主要有合同、标书、 信函、谈判文件、公司和产品介绍以及订单 、通知、告示等。文体上属于应用文体。其 词汇和句式的特征表现得十分突出，只有把 这些特征、翻译方法和商务知识有机地联系 在一起，才能准确地翻译好商务英语，不会 造成错译、误译。
意思，
• 但在商务领域中也可指“支付”、“保险”等意思。
• 二、简洁性
• 商务人员习惯于一种演绎思维模式，用惯例来说 明问题，以尽可能简洁的语言表达思想。
• “简洁”要求商务语言表达具有经济性的特点。翻 译时，一些不必要的结构词、修饰词、系动词都 可酌情省掉。
• 如:用unwarranted(a.) • 而不用without justification/reason， • 用pay • 而不用make a payment
• 比如“instrument” • 原是“仪器”， • 在商务领域借指“正式票据或文件（formal
document）”
• “allowance”一词在“make allowance for…”
中是“考虑到某事物”的意思， • 而在“claim allowance of…”中 • 则是指“赔偿费”。 • “cover”一词一般指“覆盖”、“掩盖”、“包括”等
• 如果不包括，其英文表达可以是“before the end of May”。
• 2.区分“一词”的“多义”
• 商业领域中，有很多词汇、术语等是从其它领 • 域或学科中借入的，这就造成了很多“一词多义” • 或“多词共义”的现象。必须要结合上下文，根据
• 词性、使用领域、搭配关系等来确定其语义。翻 译（尤其英译汉）时，要注意选词。

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• 三、礼貌性
• 商务交往是一种特殊的交际模式，它要求交际者在利益 上尽可能多地争取，而在情感上要尽可能多地付出。为 此，商务语言必须要遵循礼貌性原则，以便缩短情感距 离，增强合作诚意。
• 1.礼貌用词，以情感人，是礼貌原则最基本的要求。具 体来讲，就是商务语言不仅要清楚地表明说话人的意思， 还要让听话人乐意倾听或阅读、并愿意思考和回答发话 人所提出的问题。一些礼貌性的用词以及这些词所构成 的格式化套语，都可使商务信函呆板的公文体语言显得 热情礼貌，富有人情味。
的即期汇票。一经提示, 请贵方马上兑付我们的汇
票。
–
再次感谢贵方的订货。
–
约翰.史密斯 敬上
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I. 商务英语词汇语言特点
• 不管是口语表达还是书面表达，也不管是英语 表达还是汉语表达，商务语言都应遵循 3“c” 的原则，
• 即清楚（clearness）、简洁（conciseness） 和礼貌（courtesy）。
用证). But in view of our long business
relation, we will make an exception this time
and accept payment by D/P (document against payment付款交单) sight draft(即期汇 票). You are requested to honor our draft on
•
Lecture 2
• Translation of Commerce and Business English
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• 商业实务英语（商务英语）的定义
• 商务英语是商务环境中使用的英语，它是专门 用途英语（English for Specific Purposes 或English for Special Purposes, 简称ESP）的一种。

第13页/共28页
②形容词前增加名词 10. This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
这台打字机真是物美价廉。 11. A new kind of aircraft – small, cheap, pilotless – is attracting increasing attention. 一种新型飞机正越来越引起人们的注意——这种飞机机身不大，价 格便宜，无人驾驶。
第2页/共28页
notional words
1) objects or physical actions 2) qualities, concepts or mental activities 3) thoughts, feelings, imaginations and morality.
functional words 1) the relation between different parts of the sentence 2)logical relations in meanings.
10. Very acute problems exist among them. 他们之间存在着种种非常尖锐的问题。第20页/共28页浅谈 Nhomakorabea译与美学
美学（aesthetics）的定义：研究自然 界、社会和艺术领域中美的一般规律与 原则的科学。主要探讨美的本质，艺术 与现实的关系，艺术创作的一般规律。
2. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.
没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也 没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗和花束的场 面。

第四章
英汉互译技巧
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. LOGO
第一讲 Diction 遣词用字
第二讲 Amplification 增词法
第三讲 Omission 省略法
第四讲 Conversion 转换
第五讲 Restructuring 结构调整
第六讲 The Passive Voice 被动语态
第七讲 Affirmative vs. Negative肯定与否定
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2、Judging from the References 1) third person pronouns; indefinite pronouns：some, any,
each, both; definite pronouns：much, many, few, little, etc.
He (father) sent John to the university and was eager to have him distinguisdge the meaning?
❖From the parts of speech ❖From the collocation ❖From the context ❖From the syntax
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Parts of speech
❖ He saw a man sawing wood with a saw．
I hate blue shirts; white shirts suit me but gray is the most preferable. 我讨厌穿蓝衬衫，喜欢穿白衬衫，而最喜欢穿灰衬衫.
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Ⅱ. Methods of Discriminating the Original Meaning of an English Word 英语词义辨析法

Practice after Class
Too often people set a difficult task, then give up. Goals should be focused on what is achievable. Once you’ve defined your goal, write it down. High achievers trace their accomplishments to the time when they committed their goals to paper. Breaking a goal down into bite-size pieces makes achieving it seems less fearful. A technique called backward planning consists of setting an objective and then retracing the steps needed to achieve it. A goal is a dream with a deadline. Deadlines provide a time frame for action and get us moving in the striving for our dreams. If you are really committed, you will make that goal a reality. Set an ambitious target and commit to it. You'll find you can rally resources you never thought you had. Usually, it’s the anticipation of failure that paralyzes, not failure itself. We survive our failures. We pick ourselves up and try again. We have to. Along the way to any goal, you will be confronted with obstacles. Belief in yourself can act as an anesthetic against these setbacks. Usually, it’s the anticipation of failure that paralyzes, not failure itself. We survive our failures. We pick ourselves up and try again. We have to. Along the way to any goal, you will be confronted with obstacles. Belief in yourself can act as an anesthetic against these setbacks

Differences in Ways of Thinking between Chinese and English
• 1. Integrity and Synthetic in Chinese vs Individuality and Analytic in English. • 搞得我心乱如麻。It made me upset. • 热得我满头大汗。The heat makes me sweat. • 只见她一身珠光宝气，绰约宜人。 • She showed up in a graceful manner, gleaning with jewelry. • 黑漆漆的，不知是日是夜。 • Pitch dark. I don’t know whether it is day or night. • 他省吃俭用，辛勤劳作，攒下了一笔钱。 • Thrift and diligence make him roll up a fortune.
• “A culture is a collection of beliefs, habits, living patterns, and behaviors which are held more or less in common by people who occupy particular geographic areas.” (D. Brown, 1978) • “Culture refers to the total way of life of particular groups of people. It includes everything that a group of people thinks, says, does, and makes.” (R. Kohls, 1979) • “The culture of every society is unique, containing combinations of norms and values that are found nowhere else.” (I. Robertson, 1981)