2015年高中英语基础知识词汇辨析动词及其短语辨析的讲解与训练
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英语基础知识词汇辨析的讲解与训练名词及其用法辨析高考英语词汇辨析一般在于同义词、近义词的词义和用法辨析、反义词之间的意义差别、词组(短语)的用法异同点以及一些习惯用法和固定搭配等。
常见的有形容词与副词辨析、名词及其用法辨析、动词及其短语辨析、代词及其用法辨析、介词和连词等用法辨析。
名词及其用法辨析1)高考英语名词难点:名词词义辨析、可数名词与不可数名词;抽象名词的具体化;名词的所有格;名词作定语以及名词固定习语;名词与主谓一致等。
在学习过程中,要掌握常用名词的基本用法,注意一词多义和旧词新义。
注意辨别词义及其用法时要结合语境。
以下几组词是常见易混词难点:(1)sound, noise与voicesound,noise和voice这三个名词都可表示“声音”,但是,它们表示的“声音”并不相同。
sound作“声音”,“响声”讲时,可以指人或动物发出的声音,或物体碰撞的声言。
这个词的使用范围很大。
可以说,大自然的任何“声音”都可以用sound。
如:At midnight he heard a strange sound.半夜里,他听到一种奇怪的声音。
Light travels much faster than sound.光的传播速度比声音快得多。
noise意为“噪音”、“喧闹声”,常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。
例如:Don’t make any noise!别吵闹!The noise wakes me up.噪音吵醒了我!voice一般指人的声音,说话、唱歌。
谈笑都可用voice。
sound和noise不仅能指人的声音,还可以表示别的动物发出的声音;而voice除了有时可指鸟的声音外,很少表示其它动物的声音。
如:The girl has a beautiful voice.那女孩嗓音很美。
They are talking in low voices.他们正小声交谈。
(2)family, house与homefamily, 家庭,更多人文属性;house, 房子,物质属性;home,指“家、住所”,指一个人(或一家人)居住的地方,也可指一个人出生或长大的地方(乡村、城市或国家等),它具有house所没有的感情色彩(如团聚、思念等),家,家不一定有house;family 的意思是“家庭、家庭成员”,与居住的房子无关。
高中英语知识点归纳动词与动词短语动词与动词短语在英语学习中占据着重要的地位,是构建句子和表达意思的核心元素。
本文将对高中英语中常见的动词与动词短语进行归纳总结,并为读者提供相关的语法规则和使用技巧。
一、动词的分类1. 实义动词(Main verbs):表示具体的动作、状态或感受。
例如:run(跑),read(阅读),love(爱),think(思考)等。
2. 系动词(Linking verbs):用来连接主语和表语,不表示动作,常见的系动词有be(是),seem(似乎),become(变成)等。
3. 助动词(Auxiliary verbs):用来帮助主要动词构成各种时态和语态。
常见的助动词有be(是),do(做),have(有)等。
二、动词时态1. 一般现在时(Simple Present Tense):表示经常性、习惯性的动作或者普遍的真理。
构成方式为主语+动词原形。
例如:I go to school every day.(我每天去学校。
)2. 一般过去时(Simple Past Tense):表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。
构成方式为主语+动词过去式。
例如:She watched a movie last night.(她昨晚看了一部电影。
)3. 现在进行时(Present Continuous Tense):表示正在进行的动作。
构成方式为主语+be动词(am/is/are)+动词现在分词。
例如:They are playing football now.(他们正在踢足球。
)4. 过去进行时(Past Continuous Tense):表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
构成方式为主语+过去时的be动词(was/were)+动词现在分词。
例如:I was studying when she called me.(她给我打电话时,我正在学习。
)5. 一般将来时(Simple Future Tense):表示将来某个时间会发生的动作。
高中英语语法总结:动词和动词短语英语动词根据其意义和句法作用,可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。
实义动词又称行为动词,为表示动作或状态的动词,可以单独充当句子的谓语,实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成,在句中起动词的作用。
高考设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语词意的辨析及其理解和运用能力。
考向一 常用动词辨析1.advise,persuade,suggestadvise用作及物动词,表示"劝告,忠告,建议",强调提醒或引起注意;persuade表示"说服",强调劝说成功,主要搭配是:persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事(相当于persuade sb. into doing sth.);如表示劝说但不一定成功,则使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。
suggest用作及物动词,意为"建议",后接名词、代词、动名词或从句,从句中的谓语用"should+动词原形",should可以省略。
2.bring,take,carry,fetchbring"带来,拿来,取来",强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地。
take"拿走,带走",强调把人或物从说话者身边带走,方向与bring相反。
fetch"去拿来,去取来",强调从甲地出发到乙地取物或人后,又回到甲地,相当于go and bring。
carry"携带,搬运,运送",强调用人力或车辆把人或物从一地运到另一地。
3.win,beat,defeatwin表示"赢得,战胜"时,宾语多是比赛项目等。
win sb.则指"赢得人心"。
beat/defeat意为"打败,击败",其宾语只能是人或由人组成的机构。
如:beat sb.打败某人;defeat their team/ the country/the enemy击败了他们的队/国家/敌人。
英语动词短语辨析的教案及解析含解析一、选择题1.—If the customer rings up for me again, please ________ the call to the sales department.—OK, I will.A.run through B.look through C.go through D.put through 2.—Bilibili is popular among teenagers.—A survey about why teenagers like bilibili so much was ________ here last week. A.taken out B.carried out C.turned out D.worked out 3.—Excuse me, does Mr. Smith’s son live here?— He ________ be here. But now he ________ in the city.A.used to; is used to live B.was used to; is used to livingC.used to; is used to living D.is used to; used to live4.—Who’s going to ________ the children while you are away?—Don’t worry. My mum will come.A.look at B.look around C.look after D.look like 5.The director of Up series passed away, and the workmates are thinking about whether the documentary can ________ without him.A.carry on B.carry out C.take on D.take out 6.—What happened, Martin?—Last night, someone ________ my house and stole many valuable things.A.broke into B.broke down C.turned into D.turned down 7.— Hi, Simon! You look so excited. What happened?—We won the football match, and the result ________ to be better than expected. A.turned out B.found out C.worked out D.came out 8.—Sorry to ________ your valuable time.—It’s OK.A.take off B.take up C.take out D.take in 9.When you are given a difficult task, try to ________ it and finish it.A.join in B.stick with C.search for D.think of 10.Daniel is the most modest boy in our class, because he never ________ in public. A.gets off B.takes off C.shows off D.turns off 11.Judy waited a long time for her mom, but she didn't ________.A.show up B.get up C.wake up D.stay up 12.—We must act now as time is _________.—Yes. Let's start.A.coming out B.going out C.putting out D.running out 13.Last week a fireman came to our school and told us what to do if a fire ________. A.breaks out B.works out C.puts out D.runs out 14.—Dad,would you please____a brighter light in my bedroom?—Certainly.A.put in B.hand out C.hand in D.put out 15.—Hello, this is Taicang Middle School.—I want to talk to Mr. Chen. Can you ________ me ________?A.put…in B.put…out C.put…through D.put…up16.My father always tells me to ________ any possible challenge myself instead of giving up easily!A.take away B.take off C.take up D.take on 17.—How terrible the disaster is! Many people lose their homes and most of them are badly hurt.—I’m sure things are going to ________ fine because the soldiers, the most lovely people, are trying to help them.A.find out B.turn out C.run out D.put out18.The rain has stopped. Why not ________ the raincoat?A.take away B.pass away C.put away D.put off19.Most boys ________ toy guns while girls ________ have dolls.A.would rather; prefer B.prefer; would ratherC.would rather; would rather D.prefer; prefer20.The book is written by T. C.Smith.What does the “T. C.”?A.pay attention to B.regard as C.stand for D.set off 21.Volunteers ________ leaflets to encourage more people to separate rubbish correctly. A.put out B.find out C.hand out D.turn out 22.Please _____ the water when you brush your teeth.A.take down B.turn up C.take away D.turn off 23.—Aunt Lexie, could you please teach me how to _________ "red envelope" on WeChat?—Certainly. It goes like this.A.give away B.give up C.give back D.give out 24.—How was your May Day holiday?—Just so-so. We drove to Suzhou and tried to find a place for parking, but they were all________. A.turned up B.stayed up C.taken up D.put up 25.Would you please ____________ the light? I can't sleep well with it on.A.turn on B.turn off C.turn to D.turn around 26.— How can I get good grades in the listening test, Miss Lin?— You can the questions quickly before listening.A.look through B.go over C.pay attention to D.take notice of 27.—I’m sorry to________ on you, but there is something I don’t understand.—It doesn’t matter.A.cut down B.cut out C.cut in D.cut off28.Far water does not ________ near fire.A.put up B.put away C.put out D.put in29.—In order to improve my English, I have already made a detailed plan.—Great! I think all you need to do next is _________.A.pick it out B.carry it out C.find it out D.point it out 30.The job ________ to be harder than they thought.A.found out B.turned out C.ran out D.worked out31.I promise I won’t ________ any more of your time. But would you please reply to my question right away?A.give up B.make up C.put up D.take up32.-Oh,my God! I have ________ five pounds!-No worries. It’s normal for a growing teenage girl.A.put up B.put down C.put on D.put off33.It ________ the director of Hi, Mom has become one of China’s most successful female filmmakers.A.runs out B.breaks out C.hands out D.turns out34.We are supposed to ________ smart phones and take more exercise instead.A.put up B.put away C.put on D.put out 35.Steve Jobs was a great man who ________ the use of digital music.A.pushed away B.pushed for C.pulled out D.put in 36.—Many students don’t know how to ________ stress and become worried.—I think they’d better ask their teachers for help.A.argue with B.come up with C.deal with37.—________ at these three years in junior high, which teacher will you miss most?—Mr. Zhang. His classes are always interesting and lively.A.Looking back B.Looking around C.Looking up D.Looking for 38.He always ________ his friends about everything. In fact, he has no thoughts of his own. A.talks with B.plays withC.deals with D.agrees with39.I really shouldn't have shouted at my parents like that, but .A.it was none of your business B.I just couldn't help itC.I didn't care about it D.I couldn't agree more40.Bob is busy taking the desks and chairs away because they ___________ too much room in the hall.A.pick up B.take up C.put up D.cheer up41.As a volunteer, he often goes to the hospital to ________ the sick.A.cheer for B.help for C.put up D.cheer up 42.Children’s Day is on the way. Many shops have ________ huge posters with the word “SALE”. A.put on B.put in C.put away D.put up 43.Every time a serious disease ________, city planners will come up with new ideas to fight it.A.breaks down B.breaks out C.breaks into D.breaks up44.I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn’t want to ________ too much of your time.A.put up B.take up C.give up D.make up45.The person who ________ a new idea of how to work out the puzzle will be given a(n)________.A.keeps up with; praise B.comes up with; prize C.ends up with; price D.puts up with; award46.—Your spoken English is very good. How do you improve it?—Thanks. Mrs. Wang always asks us to ________ dialogues in our English classes and practice speaking English as often as possible.A.take up B.make up C.put up D.mop up 47.—What do the students think of this book?—It’s really a good book. They all________it.A.look over B.think about C.think highly of D.win the heart of 48.—Who is the best basketball player in your class?—Daniel. And he takes any chance to ________ his sports skills to girls.A.take off B.turn off C.fall off D.show off49.I know how busy you must be and I wouldn’t want to ________ too much of your time. A.put up B.take up C.set up D.make up50.The baby is sleeping. Would you please ________?A.turned the radio on B.turn the radio downC.turned the radio off D.turn the radio up【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.D解析:D【详解】句意:——如果顾客再打电话找我。
Ø 知识点动词词义的辨析动词辨义主要指:1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。
如:lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat 等。
2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。
如:borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish 等。
3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。
如:advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。
4、意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨义。
如:explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out 等。
5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。
如:ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear 等。
6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。
如:give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up 等。
等。
(一) 易混动词1.中 文 原 形 过 去 式 过去分词过去分词 现在分词现在分词 说 明放 lay laid laid laying 及物动词及物动词躺 lie lay lain lying 不及物动词不及物动词说谎说谎 lie lied lied lying 不及物动词不及物动词2. Rise 和raise :rise 是不及物动词,其过去式是rose ,过去分词是risen ,而raise 是及物动词,是规则动词。
物动词,是规则动词。
3.hear 与listen to :hear 侧重点是听到,听见什么,而listen to 是侧重于听的倾向,但hear 用于无意中的听见,而listen to 却用于集中注意力的听。
却用于集中注意力的听。
4.see, watch 和look :see 用作看电影,剧目;watch 则用作看电视比赛,而watch 还有在旁观看之意。
高考英语动词及动词短语考点详解一、【专项直击】【考情分析】动词是英语词汇中的核心,而动词及其构成的短语一直是高考中的热点和难点,特别是在完型填空题型及语法单项选择题中,有关动词及动词词组辨析的题就相当高频。
它的用法最灵活,其种类比较多,形式复杂。
每年高考中对动词短语和动词的考查都会30- 40% 的出现率,难度也比较大。
预测今后高考中特别要注意动词及其和介词、副词的搭配,以及构成的固定短语,要注意这些短语的意思,同时要在具体的语境中灵活地加以使用。
【知识要点】动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词之一,在历年高考题中所占比例也最大,设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。
主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。
要求考生构建以下比较完整的知识网络。
I.动词的分类根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类:1.行为动词(实义动词)①及物动词:带宾语的动词②不及物动词:不带宾语的动词注意:英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的,有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。
It is important for you to learn how to learn.第一个learn是及物动词,后面有宾语how to learn;第二个learn是不及物动词。
不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。
He is working hard at English .③状态动词(相对静止):contain, exist, own, prefer, belong④动作动词:延续性(work, stay);非延续性(marry, go, come)2.系动词①表示人或事物的特征和状态:be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound②表示状态的变化:turn, go, become, get, fall, grow③表示某种状态的延续或持续:remain, keep, stay注意:绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词,在解题时要正确区分,否则就会出错。
高中英语知识点归纳词汇词义辨析与运用高中英语知识点归纳:词汇词义辨析与运用在学习英语的过程中,词汇是非常重要的一部分。
学生们需要掌握大量的词汇,并能在实际运用中准确地辨析和使用。
本文将对一些高中英语常见的知识点进行归纳,并重点介绍词汇的词义辨析与运用。
一、名词与动词的辨析1. effect和affecteffect作名词时,意为“结果,影响”,如influence/result in an effect。
而affect作动词时,意为“影响”,如Bad weather can affect our travel plans。
2. advice和adviseadvice作名词时,意为“建议”,如I need your advice。
而advise作动词时,意为“建议”,如I advise you to study harder。
3. ceremony和ceremonialceremony指的是一种正式的、庄重的仪式或典礼,如wedding ceremony。
而ceremonial则形容一种典礼的、仪式性的,如ceremonial dress。
二、形容词与副词的辨析1. hard和hardlyhard作形容词时,意为“困难的”,如It's hard work。
而hardly作副词时,意为“几乎不”,如I hardly ever go to the cinema。
2. fast和fastlyfast作形容词时,意为“快的”,如a fast car。
而fastly虽然也是形容词,但在现代英语中几乎不用。
3. weak和weaklyweak作形容词时,意为“虚弱的”,如a weak person。
而weakly作副词时,意为“每周一次地”,如He visits his grandparents weakly。
三、动词的时态与语态的辨析1. do和makedo用来表示一般的动作或活动,如do homework。
英语基础知识短语的讲解与训练词组词组(短语)是指由两个以上的词语组合而成的一个有意义的语法单位。
英语词组都是习惯用语,它相当于我们汉语的成语,不能随意搭配。
词组是英语句子结构中重要的成分,不可忽视。
词组(短语)通常没有主语,也没有谓语动词,但是每个词组(短语)都有一定的结构和语义,是句子中的一个重要的组成部分。
论功能,英语词组(短语)主要可分为名词性词组(短语)(noun phrase)、形容词性词组(短语)(adjective phrase)、介词词组(短语)(prepositional phrase)和副词性词组(短语)(adverb phrase)及动词词组(短语)(verb phrase)五种。
1. 名词性词组名词性词组(短语)和名词功能一样,在句子中常充当主语、宾语和宾补等。
其表现形式主要有三种:一是名词词组(短语);二是动名词词组(短语);三是动词不定式词组(短语)。
如:The state of Johore lies in the southern part of Malaysia.(主语)Yesterday I visited the publishing house you introduced to me.(宾语)All the members present told him to go out of the meeting room.(宾补)第1句的the state of Johore是名词词组(短语),作主语;第2句的publishing house 是动名词词组(短语),作宾语;第3句的to go out of the meeting room是动词不定式,作宾补。
2. 形容词性词组形容词性词组(短语)和形容词功能一样,在句子中常充当定语、表语等。
其表现形式主要有三种:一是形容词词组(短语),如例④中的full of Chinese chestnuts;二是介词词组(短语),如⑤;三是现在分词词组(短语)或过去分词词组(短语),如例⑥-⑦; The basket full of Chinese chestnuts is made of bamboo.Bankers are people of great wealth.Have you seen the thief running for his life?The rat, chased by a cat, ran into a ditch.3. 介词词组(1)介词词组(短语)一般由由介词与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类所构成。
动词短语辨析中文中的动词短语是一个十分复杂的语法结构,包含大量的动词和词组,有的很容易理解,有的则需要通过辨析才能更好地理解其义。
因此,本文将介绍中文动词短语的辨析方法,帮助读者更准确地使用这些语法结构。
一、通过词义分析来辨析中文动词短语在辨析动词短语时,首先要通过对短语中每个词语意义的分析来做出正确的辨析。
由于动词短语中每个词可能都是独立存在的词语,有自己的意义,所以一定要先分析每个词语的意义。
例如,辨析“拼写”和“编辑”,“拼写”是指用字母把单词准确地表达出来,而“编辑”是指安排、整理、改进文字,用文字表达出来的意思。
这样,就可以区分这两个词语的意义,从而使用正确的动词短语来表达自己的意思。
二、通过动词短语的语法特性来辨析中文动词短语其次,在辨析中文动词短语时,还需要通过动词短语的语法特性来做出正确的辨析。
在中文中,动词短语主要有三种形式,即主动形式、被动形式和伴随形式,每种形式都有其特定的用法。
例如,如果需要辨析主动形式的“帮助某人做某事”,就需要知道它的主动形式是“给某人帮助”,而在被动形式中,它是“被某人帮助”,而在伴随形式中,它是“帮助某人一起做某事”。
三、通过熟练掌握常用动词短语来辨析中文动词短语最后,以辨析中文动词短语为例,还需要掌握常用动词短语,以便能更好地理解和运用。
例如要辨析“准备”和“做准备”,就要熟悉“准备”和“做准备”的不同用法,“准备”是指预先做准备,而“做准备”则指正在做准备,以便能更准确地使用这两个词语来表达自己的意思。
以上就是关于中文动词短语辨析的方法介绍。
掌握了以上方法,我们就能准确地使用动词短语,不会在日常的书面表达中出现错误,也有助于我们更准确地表达意思。
高中英语重点词汇词组辨析高中英语重点词汇词组辨析高中英语重点词汇词组相对来说难度较大,掌握好重点词汇词组也是我们学好英语的关键,下面是店铺整理的高中英语重点词汇词组辨析,希望对你有所帮助,在学业上有所进步。
用作名词,故很易与另一名词action混淆不清。
请注意,它们之间有如下的区别:(一)一般说来,act指个别具体的行动;action 指抽象的行为。
(二)act大都指短暂的、简单的动作;action 指较长的、复杂的行为。
例如我们应该说the action of a machine,而不说the act of a machine。
(三)在下列场合,只能用act,不能用action;the act of cruelty,folly,mercy,God(天灾),jumping,stealing,walking,kindness,madness...。
(四)在下列场合,只能用action,不能用act:to take action,in speech and action,a man of action, put into action, ready for action, to come (bring) into action...。
在某些习语和表示“作用” 的涵义时,也只能用action,不用act。
例:Actions speak louder than words;Chemical action(化学作用);capillary action(毛细管作用);the action of light (heat)(光/热的作用)……。
下面例句说明act和action的分野:The pickpocket was caught in the act. 扒手在行窃是被抓住了。
Trying to cover up the mistake is an act of folly. 试图隐藏错误是一件愚蠢的事。
In the act of picking up the ball, he slipped and fell. 他在拾球的时候滑倒了。
英语基础知识词汇辨析的讲解与训练动词及其短语辨析高考英语词汇辨析一般在于同义词、近义词的词义和用法辨析、反义词之间的意义差别、词组(短语)的用法异同点以及一些习惯用法和固定搭配等。
常见的有形容词与副词辨析、名词及其用法辨析、动词及其短语辨析、代词及其用法辨析、介词和连词等用法辨析。
动词及其短语辨析1) 动词及其短语辨析难点其难点一般在于考查动词易混词辨析、同义词、近义词、系动词、及物动词与不及物动词的用法等。
动词短语的辨析仍是重中之重, 主要考查动词与介词或副词的固定搭配, 如:与介词的搭配、与介词副词的搭配、特殊句型、习惯用法以及语境中的用法等。
①动词和动词短语易混词辨析动词易混词的辨析主要涉及形状相近的动词之间的辨义,意义相近的动词之间的辨义,动词与其它形状相近、意义相似的词的辨义,意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨义,某些常用动词短语的辨义等。
具体有:a.形状相同的动词之间的辨义,如:lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等;b.意义相近的动词之间的辨义,如:borrow, lend; speak, say, talk;hope, wish等;c.动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义,如:advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等;d.意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨义,如:explain, say; discover, invent, uncover等;e.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义, 如:ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear, come, take, put, break, turn等; f.某些常用动词短语的辨义, 如:give in, give out, give away, give up; turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。
②动词的一词多义和动词短语的新义考查动词的一词多义时,常考查考生易混淆的动词的含义,如:cover“包含;采访;(钱)够用”;count“有价值”;lay“摆放”;observe“庆祝”;promise“使可能”;put“表达”;say“写着”;see“为(某事)发生之时”;shel ter“保护”;treat“招待”;work“起作用”等。
高考对于动词短语的考查,除了考查动词短语基本含义辨析外, 更注重动词短语不易被考生注意的新义, 如:agree with“与……一致”;break down“失败;垮了”;break up“放假;断交”;come up“被提出”;come to“涉及;苏醒;总共”; fit in“相处融洽”;get up“站起来”;keep back“扣下”;look into“浏览”;make out“理解”;pick up“学会”;put aside“留出”;take up“从事于”;turn out“出现”;wear out“磨损;筋疲力尽”等。
③在语境中的动词及动词短语辨析有些动词或动词短语放到具体痛的语境中,应该据情景有不同的理解。
考生在复习动词辨析时,对于考纲中一些意义较多的词语一定要引起重视,特别要注意它们那些不太常见的意思,防止高考考查“熟词生义”。
对于动词短语的复习,考生需根据动词短语的不同特点,掌握其运用规律,并熟悉动词和不同介词或副词搭配、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的区别。
2) 动词及其短语辨析考点①从语法搭配、习惯用法上进行辨析a.宾语不同,意义也不同go on doing(继续干同一件事)go on to do(接着去干另一件事)regret doing(后悔干了某事)regret to do(相当于be sorry to do)forget doing (忘记已做过的事)forget to do(忘记要去干的事)remember doing(记得已做过的事)remember to do(记住要去干的事)mean doing(意味着干)mean to do (想干…)try doing(尝试做)try to do(设法做)consider doing(考虑去做)consider to be/have done(认为是/认为已经做了)b.接宾语或宾补(主补),形式有不同某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补(主补)时,宾补(主补)要用不定式。
We forbid smoking here.(宾语,用动名词)We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补,用动词不定式)You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补,用动词不定式)c.宾语形式不同,意义相同有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被动意义),两种形式意义相同。
The room requires to be cleaned.=The room requires cleaningd.主动形式表示“被动”意义的动词有些动词sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull , clean,add,cook等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。
Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。
e.意义上基本相同,但是在用法上﹑习惯搭配上有不同之处的词buy/cost/pay/spend/take都可以指花钱买东西;spend/take都可指花时间;但是它们在用法、习惯搭配上有较大的区别。
The watch cost him thirty-six thousand francs.He spent thirty-six thousand francs on the watch/ (in) buying th e watch.It took him thirty six thousand francs to buy the watch.He paid thirty-six thousand francs for the watch.He bought the watch for thirty-six thousand francs.以上句子所表达的意思基本相同:他花了36,000法郎买了这只手表。
②从组成形式和它们的恰切含义上辨析词汇间的微小差别对我们来说既是重点又是难点。
要从词义的内涵和外延上进行辨析。
a.以构成形式为突破口进行辨析如有无介词for,意义不同:answer(回答)/answer for(对……负责、偿还)常见的还有:search(对人、物或场所搜查)/search for(搜寻人、物或场所)leave(离开某地)/leave for(去某地)reach(到达;拿到)/reach for (伸手去)、prepare(准备)/prepare for(为…作准备)enter(进入)/enter for (报名参加)、run(经营;跑)/run for(竞选)、stand(站;忍受)/stand for (代表)、pay(付钱、债给某人)/pay for(付钱买某物)。
b.以意义为突破口进行辨析a)意义内涵不同型:几个词它们的内在含义不尽相同。
如:defend, protect, guard 都与“保护”有关。
defend 指采用办法消除存在的危险或击退正在进行的攻击。
protect 指使用某种遮盖或外力,外物防御可能的伤害或毁坏。
guard 指小心警惕,防止实际存在的或可能发生的危险。
They raised a large army to defend the country.他们招募了一支庞大的军队来保卫这个国家的安全。
The entrance to the palace were well guarded.进宫殿的入口处门卫把守得很严。
Clothing is worn to protect us from cold.穿衣服是为了御寒。
b)动作结果不同型:动作动词和结果动词: 英语中有些动词虽然意义相同,但用法不同,有的表示某个动作,而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果。
advise(劝说)/persuade(劝服)I advised him but I couldn’t persuade him. 我劝过他,但未能劝服他。
这类常见的动词还有:look for(寻找)/find(找到)look(看)/see(看见)listen(听)/hear(听到)try(试图,不说明是否成功)/manage(设法,侧重做到)c.动作状态不同型:begin(开映:动作非延续性)/be on(开映:状态延续性)The film began at 5 o’clock and has been on for half an hour . 电影5点开映,已开映半小时了。
d.客观主观不同型:receive(客观上:收到)/accept(主观上:受到)I received her present but I didn’t accept it.我收到了她的礼物,但没有接受。
e.直接间接不同型:hear(直接:听)/hear of(间接:听说)I heard him singing. 我听到她在唱歌。
of him.我听说过他的有关情况。
1)1. —I just can’t stop worrying about the result of the job interview.—________. There’s nothing you can do now but wait.A. RelaxB. Go aheadC. Go for itD. Good luck2. The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to _________ their discussion.A. put awayB. take downC. look overD. carry on3. Her shoes ________ her dress; they look very well together.A. suitB. fitC. compareD. match4. The performance ________ nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre early.A. coveredB. reachedC. playedD. lasted5. After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ________ her job as a doctor in the countryside.A. set outB. took overC. took upD. set up6. — Are you happy with your new computer?— No, it is ________ me a lot of trouble.A. showingB. leavingC. givingD. sparing7. Don’t be so discouraged. If you __________ each feelings, you will do better next time.A. carry onB. get backC. break downD. put away1.A。