2014年职称英语综合A真题.pdf

2014年全国职称英语考试综合类部分真题第一部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分。

共15分) 真题网址：w-w-w.hbwypx.c-n 沟通方式469296725下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment．A．doubtB．angerC．loveD．surprise2．I want to provide my boys with a decent education.A．speeialB．privateC．goodD．general3．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A．politeB．similarC．usualD．bad4．There was a profound silence after his remark.A．shortB．deepD．sudden5．The document was compiled by the Department of Health. A．printedB．attachedC．writtenD．sent6．In the process，the light energy converts to heat energy. A．changeB．reducesC．leavesD．drops7．Many cities have restricted smoking in public places.A．limitedB．allowedC．stoppedD．kept8．The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village. A．killedB．jailedC．caughtD．found9．If we leave now，we should miss the traffic．A．mixC．directD．stop10．What are my chances of promotion if I stay here? A．advancementB．replacementC．retirementD．adveaisement11．We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues．A．greatB．clearC．quickD．regular12.Such a database would be extremely costly to set up．A．updateB．transferC．destroyD．establish13.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year．A．combineB．breakC．sellD．close14.I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A．humorousB．IongC．originalD．boilng15．He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art．A．denyingB．usingC．sharingD．developing详细了解河北师大外院培训中心。

第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities．She is aof the world’s fast-growing urban areas ，especially in developing countries ．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her workThese gases are atmosphere ．”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,”says Romero Lankao. ”But toourban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao’sfindings highlight ways in which city-residents areparticularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions construction patterns of citiesoften place their populations atand prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urbanenvironment ．For example ，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution ，causing widespread health problems ．network of roads ，areespecially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in，roads and basicservices.residents.”Unfortunately，theywrites, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't local governments are taking ahands—off approach.” Thus, prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could NeutralizeHeart RiskFast food outlets coulddangers of fatty food,study ofin the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to the American Journal ofCardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attackto offset the ． Dr Francis ，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial CollegeLondon ，who is the senior author of the study,fries ．It’s better to avoid fattyfood altogether ．But we’veof having a it.”“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthvhealth, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to makerisk-reducing statins available．It not much Dr Francis said ．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’retake theirwith filters. Taking rational way of some of the fatty meal ．第十四篇 Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s Waters （A 级） It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to 1attack people frequently. But these fish perform a 2valuable service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishingare threatening their 3 existence Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from 4 Earth Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas 5because of their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,6 where people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person7 for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the8 times when sharks are looking for281 food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack. A shark has an extremely good sense of smell4 . It can find small amounts of substances in water,such as blood, body liquidsand 9 chemicals produced by animals. These powerful 10 senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, any 11 other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean. Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark ‟s body defense, and immune 12 systems againstdisease. Researchers know that sharks 13 recover quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease. Sharks are important for the world ‟s 14 oceans . They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too 15 great . This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses练习：1．According to the first paragraph，people try to C．stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases．C短文第一段的大致意思是，许多疾病都由病毒引起，诸如水痘、感冒和艾滋病，所以人们想尽办法躲避病毒。

•第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A. pointB. tendencyC. result d. finding2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.a. amazingb. depressingc. predictabled. dull3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.a. furnishb. copyc. publishd. summarize4. The group does not advocate the use of violence.a. limitb. regulatec. opposed. support5. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.a. reproducedb. inventedc. designedd. reported6. The department deferred the decision for six months.a. put offb. arrived atc. abided byd. protested against7. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.a. easedb. appearedc. improvedd. relieved8. The uniform makes the guards look absurd.a. seriousb. ridiculousc. beautifuld. impressive9. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.a. silentb. motionlessc. seatedd. true10. The country was torn apart by strife.a. povertyb. warc. conflictd. economy11. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.a. actb. homeworkc. justiced. model12. A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.a. equalb. certainc. larged. opposite13. His professional career spanned 16 days.a. startedb. changedc. movedd. lasted14. His stomach felt hollow with fear.a. sincereb. respectfulc. terribled. empty15. This was disaster on a cosmic scale.a. modestb. hugec. commerciald. national••第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

第一篇The National TrustThe National Trust in Britainplays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoymentof the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although theTrust has received practical and moral support from the Government,it is not arich Government department.It is a voluntary association of people who care forthe unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain.It is a charitywhich depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of thepublic'.Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and placesof historical interest.The attention of the publicwas first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles ofBritain by the death of Lord Lothian,who left his great seventeenth-centuryhouse to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it.Thisgift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's"Country HouseScheme”. Under this scheme,with the help of the Government and the generalpublic,the Trust has been able to save and makeaccessible to the public aboutone hundred and fifty of these old st year about one and three quartersof a million people paid to visit these historic houses,usually at a verysmall charge.In addition to country housesand open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and watermills3,nature reserves4,five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousandfive hundred cottages or small village houses,as well as some completevillages.In these villages no one is allowed to build,develop'or disturb theold village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in theiroriginal sixteenth-century style.Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline,woodland,and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development ordisturbances of any kind are permitted.The public has free access to theseareas and is only asked to respect the peace,beauty and wildlife.Soit is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and importantorganization and an essential and respected part of national life,preservingall that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only forfuturegenerations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who eachyear invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.31.The national trust is aB、non-profit organization depenging on voluntary service32、The national trust is dedicated toD、protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic33、We can infer from paragraph2that Lord Lothion____C、saved many old country houses in britain34、All the following can be inferred from the passage except_____A、the trust more interested in protecting the16century houses35、the word“invade”in pargraph41s closest in meaningtoC、visit in large number第二篇How we form first impressionWe all have first impressionof someone we just met.But why? Why do we form an opinion about someonewithout really knowing anything about him or her–aside perhaps from a fewremarks or readily observable traits.The answer is related to how yourbrain allows you to be aware of the world.Your brain is so sensitive inpicking up facial traits,even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes,ears,nose,or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him orher as different.In fact,your brain continuously processes incoming sensoryinformation–the sights and sounds of your world.Theses incoming“signals”are compared against a host of“memories”stored in the brain areas called thecortex（大脑皮层）system to determine what thesenew signals“mean”.If you see someone you know and like at school,your brainsays“familiar andsafe”.“If you see someone new,it says,“new—potentially threatening”.Thenyour brain starts to match features of this stranger with other“known”memories. The height,weight,dress,ethnicity,gestures and tone of voice areall matched up.The more unfamiliar the characteristics,the more your brainmay say,“This is new.I don’t like this person.”Or else,“I am intrigued.”Oryour brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes,ethnicity, gestures–like your other friends;so your brain says:“I like this person.”But thesespreliminary“impressions”can be dead wrong.When we stereotype people,we use aless mature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very youngchild) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather thanlearn about the depth and breadth of people–their history,interest,values,strengths,and true character–we categorize them as jocks,geeks,or freaks.However,if we resist initialstereotypical impressions,we have a chance to be aware of what a person istruly like.If we spend time with a person,hear about his or her life,hopes,dreams,and become aware of the person’s character,we use a different,moremature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex,which allowus to be humane.36.Our first impression of some one new is influenced by his or her_____-facial feature37.If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is mostly likelyto say____I like the person38.The word“preliminary”means____initial39.Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because_____we neglect their depth and breath40.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of thepassage?Our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain第三篇A New Strategy to Overcome Breast CancerPost-menopausal(绝经后)women who walkfor an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly,a studyhas suggested.The report,which followed73,000women for17years, foundwalking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease.TheAmerican Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk wasspecifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence thatlifestyle influenced cancer risk.A recent poll for the charity Ramblers aquarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week,but being active isknown to reduce the risk of a number of cancers.This study,published inCancer Epidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed 73.615women out of97,785aged50-74who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992and1993,so it couldmonitor the incidence of cancer in the group.They were asked to completequestionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active andparticipating in activities such as walking,swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much timethey spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the samequestionnaires at two-year intervals between1997and2009.Of the women,47%said walking was their only recreational activity.Those who walked for atleast seven hours per week had a14%lower risk of breast cancer compared tothose who walked three or fewer hours per week.Dr.Alpa Patel,a senior epidemiologistat the American Cancer Society in Atlanta,Georgia,who led the study, said:”Giventhat more than60%of women report some daily walking,promoting walking as ahealthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasingphysical activity amongst post-menopausal women.We were pleased to find thatwithout any other recreational activity,just walking one hour a day wasassociated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longeractivities lowered the risk even more.”Baroness Delyth Morgan,chief executiveof Breast Cancer Campaign,said:”This study adds further evidence that ourlifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer andeven small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make adifference.”She added:”We know that the best weaponto overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the firstplace.The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify othersustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”41.All of the following factorsrelating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage____EXCEPT________A.breathingexerciseB.regular walkingC.recreational activityD.lifestyle choices42.It can be inferred from Dr.AlpaPatel’s study that____.A.women have fewer chances of physicalactivityB.dailywalking could cut the chance of breast cancerC.leisure-time activity is notassociated with cancer riskD.walking is not recommended for womenwith breast cancer43.Dr.Alpa Patel was_____.A.headof the survey studyB.chief editor of Cancer EpidemiologyC.chair of the American Cancer SocietyD.chief executive of Breast CancerCampaign44.Which of the following statements istrue according to the passage?A.Most women take walking as their onlyrecreational activity.B.The study aims to track the healthconditions of its subjects.C.Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the womenD.Irregular walking increased the riskof breast cancer in post-menopausal women45.The word“sustainable”in the lastparagraph is closest in meaning toA.continuableB.affordableC.availableD.persistent 答案：ABACA。

A Life with BirdsFor nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders(伦敦塔看守),_better （更…）known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top（顶部）of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. "From（从）our bedroom we have a marvelous(a.奇妙的，不可思议的) view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.The Tower of London is famous for（以..而著名）its ravens(n.乌鸦，黑色的鸟), the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated(着迷，吸引) by the birds and when he was _offered(提供)__ the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no _ hesitation （犹豫）_ in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always _ aware （意识到）of the fact that I am _ maintaining （保持）_ a tradition. The legend(传奇，传说) says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to _ make（确保）sure this doesn't happen!"David devotes（献身于）about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the _ fact（事实）that he lives right next to them is ideal. "I can keep（关注）a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working." At first（起初）, David's wife Mo was not _keen（对..感兴趣）on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. "When we look out of our windows, we see history all（所有）around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."A Lucky BreakActor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he's doing(做) sport. In the film Play It to the Bone he plays（扮演一个…）the part of a middleweight(n.中量级拳击手) boxer alongside Woody Harrelson. During（过程中）the making of the film Harrelson kept （连续）complaining that the fight scenes （场面）weren't very convincing(a.有说服力的，令人信服的), so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn't keen（对…热衷）on the idea at first, but he was eventually（最终）persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring(拳赛场地). However, when he realized how seriously(认真地) his opponent（对手）was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas so（太…以至于..）hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious(a.暴怒的，强烈的) that he had been playing "silly macho(a.雄壮的，男子气概的) games". "She was right," confesses(v.承认，坦白) Banderas, "and I was a fool to take（冒险）a risk like that in the middle of a movie." He was reminded（提醒）of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always dreamed（梦想）of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That's when I decided to take up（开始）acting; I saw it as another（另外）way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football pitch（场）was, you might say, my first lucky break."A Success StoryAt 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have made(制造) their fortune(财富) through the Internet. What(这) makes Ben's story all the more remarkable(a.卓越的，值得注意的) is that he is dyslexic(a.诵读困难的n.诵读困难者), and was told(告知) by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly(正确地) . "I wanted to prove them wrong(错了) ", says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls.When he was eight, his local authorities(n.权威，权力，当权) provided(提供) him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was unable(不能) to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encouraged(鼓励) by his father, he soon began charging(收费) people $l0 an hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he set(创建) up his own computer consultancy(n.咨询公司，顾问工作), Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to devote(精力) all his time to business."By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a couple(一些) of employees to help me", says Ben. "That enabled me to start doing(做) business with bigger companies.” It was his ability to consistently(始终如一的) overcome(克服) difficult challenges that led him to win the Young Entrepreneur(n.企业家，主办者) of the Year award in the same year that he formed Waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal worth(价值)$25 million with a private investment(n.投资，投入) company, which will finance(为…供给资金) his search engine.A Powerful InfluenceThere can be no doubt at all(根本) that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly ever（几乎不）doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are curious（对…好奇）to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be harmful（伤害）to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time staring at （盯着看成）their computers?Obviously, if children are bent over their computers for hours, absorbed（沉迷）in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should make（利用）of the Internet, and the child should give his or her word（诺言）tha t it won’t interfere(妨碍) withhomework. If the child is not holding（坚持）to this arrangement(安排), the parent can take more drastic(严厉的，极端的) steps（采取措施）dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating（协商）_ any other sort of bargain about(就(某物)讨价还价) behaviour.Any parent who is seriously（严重）alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment(约定) to discuss（讨论）the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily（必定）affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is absolutely（完全地）crazy about using the Internet，he or sheis probably just going（度过）through a phase(阶段，时期), and in a few months there will be somethingelse to worry about!Family HistoryIn an age when technology is developingfaster than ever before, many people are beingattracted（吸引）to the idea of looking backinto the past. One way they can do this is byinvestigating(调查，研究) their own familyhistory. They can try to find（找出）out moreabout where their families came from andwhat they did, This is now a fast-growinghobby, especially in countries with a fairly（相当）short history, like Australia and the United States.It is one（一方面）thing to spend sometime going（探究）through a book on familyhistory and to take the decision（决心）toinvestigate your own family's past. It is quite（的确）another to carry out(完成) the research work successfully. It is easy to set about(开始做(某事)) it in a disorganized(扰乱,瓦解) way and cause（引起）yourself many problems which could have been avoided（避免）with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are connected（有关系）with a famous character, whether hero or criminal(罪犯), do not let this idea take over(接管) your research. Just treat（当作）it as an interesting possibility(可能的事). A simple system for （用collecting and storing your information will be adequate(充足的，适当的) to start with; a more complex(错综复杂的) one may only get in your way（道路）. The most important thing, though, is to get（被）started. Who knows what you might（可能）find ?Helen and MartinWith a thoughtful sigh(长叹一声), Helen turned away from the window and walked back to her favourite armchair(扶手椅). Would（将要）her brother never arrive? For a brief moment, she wondered if she really cared that much.Over the years Helen had given up (放弃)_ waiting for Martin to take an interest in her. Her feelings for him had gradually weakened(变淡)_ until now, as she sat waiting for him, she experienced no more than a sister's. curiosity(好奇心) to see what had become(发生…事) of her brother.Almost without warning(预兆) , Martin had lost his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office. Somehow the two of them hadn't bothered(烦扰) to keep in touch and, left alone, Helen had slowly found her confidence(对…有信心) in her ownjudgment growing. Ignoring(不顾) the wishes of her parents, she had left university halfway through(过程中) her course and now, to the astonishment(惊讶;令人惊讶的事物) of the whole family, she was gaining(获得) a fast-growing reputation(名声，名誉;声望) in the pages of respected art magazines and was actually earning enough to live on(靠)from her paintings.Of course, she took(对) no pleasure in Martin's sudden misfortune(不幸;灾祸，灾难), but she couldn't help(忍不住)looking forward to her brother's arrival with quiet(暗暗地) satisfaction(满意，满足) at what shehad achieved.Global WarmingFew people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate(n.气候，风气). Many scientists put （把…归咎于）the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in（在）the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever(任何时候) before, the Earth is at risk(危险) from the forces(暴力) of the wind, rain and sun. According(据说) to them, global warming is making extreme(极端的) weather events, such(例如) as hurricanes(n.飓风，暴风) and droughts(n.干旱，早灾), even more severe(严重) and causing sea levels all around the world to rise(上升) .Environmental groups are putting pressure(压力) on governments to take actionto reduce the amount(数量) of carbon dioxide(n.二氧化碳) which is given off(排放) by factories and power plants, thus attacking(攻击) the problem at its source. They are in favour(赞成) of more money being spent on research into solar(a.太阳的n.太阳能), wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power stations(装置) .Some scientists, however(然而) believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere(n.大气) tomorrow, we would have to wait several(几) hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay(停留).Look on The Bright SideDo you ever wish you were more optimistic(adj.乐观的，乐观主义的), someone who always expected（期望）to be successful? Having someone around who always fears（恐惧）the worst isn’t really a lot of fun（乐趣）. We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says, "It looks like（像）rain. " But if you catch yourself thinking such things,it's important to do something about（对此）it(代前面整句话，指这个状况、情况、事实).You can change your view of life, according（根据）to psychologists(心理学家). It only takes a little effort, and you'll findlife more rewarding(adj.有益的，值得的，有报酬的) as a result（结果）. Optimism，they say，is partly about self-respect and confidence but it's also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to offer（提供）. Optimists are more likely（很有可能）to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks.Upbringing(教养，养育，抚育) is obviously(adv.明显地，显然地) very important in forming your attitude（态度）to the world. Some people are brought up to depend（依赖于）too much on others and grow up(成长) forever blaming(v.责备，归咎于) other people when anything goes（发生）wrong. Most optimists,on the _other（另一方面）hand, have been brought up not to regard（把..看作）failure as the end of the world—they just get on（继续）with their lives.School LunchResearch has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly（正常地）in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to provide（提供）meals at lunchtime. Children can choose（选择）to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen(食堂小卖部) One shocking finding（发现）of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict standards（标准）for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one portion（比例）of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy(乳制品的) item and starchy((食物)含有大量淀粉的) food like bread or pasta(意大利面食). Lunchboxes examined（检查）by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps(炸马铃薯片) and chocolate bars. Children consume（摄取）twice as much sugar(糖) as they should at lunchtime.The research will provide a better understanding （解释）of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased（增长）in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot criticise（批评）parents, but it can remind them of the nutritional（营养的）value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can affect（影响）their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating habits（习惯）at this age, and parents are the only ones who can prevent（阻止）it.Traffic in Our CitiesThe volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy(a.漫长的，冗长的) delays, and the greater risk of（..的风险）accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade(说服) people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible approach(方法) is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing(增加)charges for parking and bringing(收益) in tougher(严格的, 强硬的) fines for(因…而罚(款)) anyone who breaks(打破) the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, known(为所熟知) as "road pricing", is already being introduced in a number(一些) of cities, using a special electronic card fixed(固定在..上) to the windscreen(n.汽车挡风玻璃) of the car.Another way of dealing(处理) with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts(效区) of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service for the final(最后的) stage of their journey.Of course, the most important thing(..的事) is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up(放弃) the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable(a.可靠的，可信赖的), convenient(方便的) and comfortable, with fares(票价) kept(保持) at an acceptable level.Teaching and learningMany teachers believe that the responsibilities(职责) for learning lie with(是…的责任) the student. If a long reading assignment(n.任务，作业) is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the information（信息）__in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The idea （理想）_ student is considered to be one who is motivated(v.刺激，激发……的积极性) to learn for the sake of(为了) learning（学习）_, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned with（带…回来）brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible（对…负责）for learning the material assigned. When research is assigned （选定）_ , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum(最少的)guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how(如何) a university library works; they expect students particularly (尤其)graduate students to exhaust(v.耗尽，使筋疲力尽;彻底讨论) the reference _ sources(资源) _in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer(更喜欢) that their students should not be too(太)dependent on them. In the United Stats professors have many other duties besides(除…之外) teaching, such as administrative(adj.管理的,行政的) or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited(有限的). If a student has problems with classroom work , the student should either _ approach(接近)_a professor during office hours or make an appointment(n.约定，约会).TheDiffeencebetweenManandComputer What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element(n.元素，成分，要素) that our theories don’t yet account(解释)__ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about _ what(那些) __ they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, don't. In fact, computers don't even (甚至)have interests;there is nothing in particular(尤其, 特别) that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer program（程序）_ is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a "purpose".Of course, people have several goals that do not make sense（合理）to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide in （为了）order to satisfy hunger or entertainment(n.娱乐，消遣) goals, or to find （寻找）a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, andcomputers do not have business lunches.However, these physiological(adj.生理学的,生理的) and social goals give rise （导致）to several intellectual(adj.智力的，聪明的) or cognitive(adj.认知的，认识上的) goals.A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to(引起, 导致) goals to find information（信息）about the name of a restaurant which serves （供应）the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is,the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to _ acquire （获取）information or knowledge, what we are calling learning（学习）_ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer might（可能）_ "want" to find outthe location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so in（以…方式）the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not arise（起于）out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might well(很可能) arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.The First BicycleThe history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791, Count(伯爵) de Sivrac delighted（使...喜悦）onlookers(观众) in a park in Paris as he showed off(炫耀) his two-wheeled invention, a machine called the celeriferé. It was basically an enlarged （扩大）version of a children’s toy which had been in use（在使用中）for many years. Sivrac's "celeriferé" had a wooden frame, made in the shape（形状）of a horse,which was mounted on a wheel at either end．To ride it, you sat on a small seat, just like a modem bicycle,and pushed hard（努力）against the ground（地面）with your legs—there were no pedals(踏板，脚蹬子). It was impossible to steer(驾驶，操纵，控制) a celeriferéand it had no brakes(闸，刹车),but despite these problems the invention very much appealed （吸引）to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were holding（举行）races up and down the streets.Minor injuries（受伤）were common as riders attempted a final burst(爆发，突发，爆炸) of speed（速度）. Controlling the machine was difficult, as the only way to change direction（方向）was to pull up the front of the "celeriferé" and turn（掉转）it round while the front wheel was spinning（自旋）in the air. "Celeriferés" were not popular for long,however,as the combination（组合）of no springs(弹簧), no steering and rough roads(起伏路) made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so,the wooden celeriferéwas the origin（始祖）of the modem bicycle.The Old GateIn the Middle Ages the vast majority ofEuropean cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive reasons(原因)but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious(传染性的，会蔓延的) diseases(疾病). The Old City of London gates were all demolished(拆毁) by the end of the 18th century. The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, but by a stroke(打击) of luck, it was never destroyed.This gate is, in actual(实际的) fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the boundary（分界线）between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in storage(存储)because its design was unfashionable(老套) it was expensive to maintain(维修) and it was blocking the traffic.The Temple Bar Trust was set out(建立) in the 1970's with the intention of returning the gate home. The aim of the Trust is the preservation(保存)of the nation's architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it down(推倒) , stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral(总教堂, 大教堂). Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced(替换) , though there is a good chance(机会)_ that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest job(工作) of all, however, will be to recreate the statues(雕像) of themonarchs(君主) that once stood on top of the gate.Working MothersCarefully conducted(v.实施，实行) researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal view（观点）is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not, there are a number（很多）of mothers who just have to work. There are those who have invested(投资) such a big part of their lives in establishing(建立) a career that they cannot afford（负担）to see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic(经济上的) necessity（有必要）. Many mothers are not cut （适合于）out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant(婴儿，幼儿), they feel trapped(v.使陷入困境，使受限制) and isolated(使隔离，使孤立).There are a number of options(选项，选择) when it comes（涉及）to choosing childcare. These range from child minders(照顾者) and nannies(保姆) through to(直到) Granny(奶奶) or the kind(好心的) lady across（对面）the street. In reality（在现实状况下）, however,many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No matter （无论）how good the childcare may be,some children are going to protest(抗议) wildly(激烈的) if they are left. This is a perfectly（完全）normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months,but soon after that they start to get a crush(依恋, 压烂) on Mum and close family members（成员）. Make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of（大量）time to help your child settle in(安顿下来).All children are different. Some are independent, while others are more attached(依恋于) to their mothers. Remember that if you want to do（做）the best for your children, it's not the quantity(数量) of time you spend with them，it's the quality（质量）that matters.。

2014年职称英语综合类A级真题及参考答案(试卷代码12)第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. There was an inclination （倾向、趋势）to treat geography as a less important subject.A. pointB. tendencyC. resultD. finding2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous（单调乏味）regularity.a. amazingb. depressingc. predictabled. dull (枯燥无味)3. The committee was asked to render (提供)a report on the housing situation.a. furnishb. copyc. publishd. summarize4. The group does not advocate （提倡、主张）the use of violence.a. limitb. regulatec. opposed. support （赞成、支持）5. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.（复制）a. reproducedb. inventedc. designedd. reported6. The department deferred （延期）the decision for six months.a. put off（延期）b. arrived atc. abided byd. protested against7. The symptoms of the disease manifested （显露）themselves ten days later.a. easedb. appeared（出现）c. improvedd. relieved8. The uniform makes the guards look absurd.（荒谬的）a. seriousb. ridiculous（荒谬的）c. beautifuld. impressive9. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary（不动的、静止的）in the air for several minutes.a. silentb. motionless（不动的、静止的）c. seatedd. true10. The country was torn apart by strife.（冲突）a. povertyb. warc. conflict（冲突）d. economy11. She felt that she had done her good deed（行动）for the day.a. actb. homeworkc. justiced. model12. A person’s wealth is often in inverse （相反的）proportion to their happiness.a. equalb. certainc. larged. opposite13. His professional career spanned （跨度）16 days.a. startedb. changedc. movedd. lasted（延续）14. His stomach felt hollow（空的）with fear.a. sincereb. respectfulc. terribled. empty （空的）15. This was disaster on a cosmic （宇宙的）scale.a. modestb. huge（巨大的）c. commerciald. national第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

职称英语卫生类A级真题2014年职称英语卫生类A级真题2014年职称英语卫生类A级真题【网络综合-2014年职称英语卫生类A级真题】：一、词汇选项1.This was disaster on a cosmic scale.A.modestmercialC.hugeD.national2.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A.amazingB.depressingC.predictableD.dull3.A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.A.equalB.certainrgeD.opposite4.His professional career spanned 16 years.A.startedB.changedstedD.moved5.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.A.easedB.improvedC.relievedD.appeared6.The group does not advocate the use of violence.A.limitB.supportC.regulateD.oppose7.She talt that she had done her good deed for the day.A.actB.homeworkC.jusuceD.model8.Some of the larget bieds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.A.motionlessB.sitentC.seatedD.true9.There was an inclination to treat geography as aless imponant Subject.A.pointB.resuitC.findingD.tendency10.His stomach felt hollw with fear.A.sincereB.respectfulC.emptyD.ternbie11.The committee was asked to rendcr a report on the housing situation.A.copyB.publishC.summarizeD.furnish12.That uniform makes the guards look absurd.A.seriousB.beautifulC.impressiveD.ridiculous13.The department deferred the decision for six months.A.put offB.arrived atC.abided byD.protested against14.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated.A.inventedB.reproducedC.designedD.reported15.The country was torn apart by strife.A.conflictB.povertyC.warD.economy答案：CDDCD BAADC DDABA【网络综合-2014年职称英语卫生类A级真题】：二、阅读判断16、The Feed Me Better campaign targeted a healthier diet at school childrenA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17、Everyone believed the campaign should be succeifulA RightB WrongC Not mentioned18、The ISER is an instuteA RightB WrongC Not mentioned19、The puoils in Gtreewwich said they said they liked the healthier mealsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned20、The nwmber of pupils who asked for sick leave decreasedA RightB WrongC Not mentioned21、The ISEK didnot do a comparative study on the impact of the new dietA RightB WrongC Not mentioned22、The healthier diet has helped school childrecn improue academicallyA RightB WrongC Not mentioned三、概括大意Aromatherapy(芳香疗法)1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers,leaves,bark,branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing ptoperties.In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils,such as almond(杏仁)oil,or they are diluted(稀释)with water.These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin,sprayed in the air,or applied as a compress(敷药)。

2014年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A.pointB.tendencyC.resultD.finding【答案】B【解析】句意：有一种趋向认为地理是一门次要的学科。

inclination倾向；趋向。

tendency倾向，趋势。

二者意思相近，可互相替换。

point要点。

finding发现。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

2.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A.amazingB.depressingC.predictableD.dull【答案】D【解析】句意：新的秘书不停更换，令人厌烦。

monotonous单调的，无变化的，令人厌烦的。

dull迟钝的；无趣的。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

amazing令人吃惊的。

depressing压抑的，使人沮丧的。

因此，本题的正确答案为D。

3.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A.furnishB.copyC.publishD.summarize【答案】A【解析】句意：委员会被要求提交关于住房情况的报告。

render提出；实施。

furnish提供，供应。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

copy复制。

publish出版。

summarize总结。

因此，本题的正确答案为A。

4.The group does not advocate the use of violence.A.limitB.regulateC.opposeD.support【答案】D【解析】句意：这个组织不主张使用暴力。

职称英语综合类A级考试试题答案及解析(二)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

）第1题Their research merely duplicates work already done elsewhere.A borrowedB purchasedC copiedD rewritten【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 本句意思：他们的研究工作只是重复别人做过的事情。

duplicate：复制。

copy和它是近义词。

如：The secretary was asked to copy the contract．秘书被要求复印合同书。

purchase和buy意思相同，表示购买，只是它比buy用法要正式。

rewritten是rewrite的过去分词，表示改写，如：He was asked to rewrite the article．他被要求重写这篇文章。

第2题After supper we usually take a stroll around the park for about an hour.A walkB restC bathD breath【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 本句意思：我们饭后经常在公园散步大约一个小时。

句子意思应该是很悠闲地散步，所以A与其意思较接近。

walk：走路，行走。

bath：洗澡，用法为“to take a bath”。

breath：呼吸，如：I was out of breath/short of breath after running for the bus．我因为追赶公共汽车，弄得上气不接下气。

第3题The film originated from a short story.A resultedB heardC derivedD made【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 本句意思：这部电影取材于一篇短篇小说。

2014年全国职称英语等级考试综合类阅读理解试题及参考答案第四部分：阅读理解综合C级：第一篇至第十六篇综合B级：第十七篇至第三十三篇（第二十九篇I’ll Be Bach为新增文章）综合A级：第三十四篇至第五十篇（第三十六篇Life as a Movie Extra为新增文章）孙老师特别提示：此50篇阅读理解只为大家熟悉文章中文意思，万一考到好有准备，请大家一定不要做这50篇的练习，避免受到误导，练习务必以课上历年考试原卷为准。

具体说明专业课临终关怀为大家讲解。

综合C级：第一篇Telling Tales about People（综合C）One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies of other writers, such as James Joyce, have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies, but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently, though, the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeable with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses, these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person, not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair, well-presented biography may take years to research and write.1. This passage is mostly about _______.A) the characteristics of autobiographies, memoirs, and biographiesB) famous autobiographiesC) why biography can be difficult to writeD) differences between autobiographies and memoirs2. Helen Keller wrote _______.A) a memoir B) an autobiographyC) a work of fiction D) a biography3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they _______.A) feel they have to make up details to make their books sellB) constantly compete with biography writersC) want to present themselves in a good lightD) have trouble remembering the good times4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by _______.A) defining itB) giving an exampleC) explaining why it is hard to writeD) telling when people first began writing it5. Diverse means _______.A) able to swim in deep water B) similar or alikeC) varied or different D) enjoying poetry第一篇讲述关于人们的故事最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这类作品。

The Storyteller1.Steven Spielberg has always had one goal:totell as many great stories to as many people as will listen.And that’s what hehas always been about.The son of a computer scientist and a pianist,Spielbergspent his early childhood in New Jersey and, later,Arizona.From the verybeginning,his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that wouldlater inspire his filmmaking.2.Even decades later,Spielberg says he has clearmemories of his earliest years,which are the origins of some of his biggesthits.He believes that E.T.is the result of the difficult years leading up tohis parent’s1966divorce,“It is really about a young boy who was in search ofsome stability in his life.”“He was scared of just about everything,”recalls his mother,LeahAdler.“When trees brushed against the house,he would head into my bed.Andthat’s just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist.”3.Spielberg was11when he first got his hands onhis dad’s movie camera and began shooting short flicks about flyingsaucers and World WarΙΙbattles.Spielberg’s talent for scary storytelling enabled him tomake friends.On Boy Scout camping trips,when night fell,Spielberg became thecenter of attention.“Steven would start telling his ghost stories,”says Richard Y.Hoffman Jr.,leader of Troop294,“and everyone would suddenly getquiet so that they could all hear it.”4.Spielberg moved to California with his fatherand went to high school there,but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated.Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him,so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood.Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid,non-creditinternship（实习）in Hollywood.Soon he was given a contract,and he dropped out of college.He never looked back.5.Now,many years later,Spielberg is stilltelling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent.Ask him where hegets his ideas,Spielberg shrugs.“The process for me is mostly intuitive(凭直觉的),”he says.“There are films that I feel I need to make,for a variety ofreasons,for personal reasons, for reasons that I want to have fun,that the subject matteris cool,that I think my kids will like it.And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money,like the sequel(续集) to Jurassic Park.”23.Paragraph1___F___24.Paragraph2____A_____25.Paragraph3____E_____26.Paragraph4____D_____A.Inspirations for his moviesB.The trouble of making moviesC.A funny manD.Getting into the movie businessE.Telling stories to make friendsF.An aim of life27.Some of Spielberg’s most successful movies came from ____E___28.When Spielberg was a boy,he used to be scared of ____A_____29.Spielberg is very good at_____B____30.Spielberg says he makes movies for____C____A.almost everythingB.telling scary storiesC.a number of reasonsD.making children laughE.his childhood memoriesF.a lot of money。

2014年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. His stomach felt hollow with fear.A. emptyB. sincereC. respectfulD. terrible【答案】A【解析】句意：他被吓得魂不附体。

hollow空的。

empty空的。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

sincere真诚的。

respectful有礼貌的。

terrible可怕的。

因此，本题正确答案为A。

2. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated.A. inventedB. reproducedC. designedD. reported【答案】B【解析】句意：句意：最初的实验不能被完全复制。

duplicate复制。

reproduce再生产。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

invent发明。

design设计。

report报告。

因此，本题正确答案为B。

3. His professional career spanned 16 years.A. startedB. lastedC. changedD. moved【答案】B【解析】句意：他的职业生涯持续了16年。

span跨越，持续。

last持续。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

start开始。

change改变。

move移动。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

4. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A. homeworkB. actC. justiceD. model【答案】B【解析】句意：她认为自己做了一件善事。

deed行为。

act行为，行动。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

homework家庭作业。

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The 2014 Big Test for Smart Grown-UpsHi there! My name is Lily and I'm 8 years old. Today I want to tell you all about the 2014 Big Test for Smart Grown-Ups that my mom took. It's a super important test for people who want to get a fancy job title called a "Professional Title" in science and engineering stuff. Pretty cool, huh?My mom studies really hard because she's super smart and wants to get an "A" grade on the test. She lets me look at her practice books sometimes, and boy is that test tricky! There are reading passages about science topics like energy and inventions that are full of big fancy words. Then there are questions asking what the passages mean and if the details are correct. I tried reading them but a lot of it went over my head!The writing section seems hard too. My mom practiced writing different kinds of letters, reports, and essays using proper language and organization. One time she wrote about scientific research methods like experiments and data analysis. Anothertime it was about green energy solutions. It all looked very professional and grown-up to me!But you know what I did understand? The listening section! The test has recordings of conversations and talks that you have to listen to and answer questions about. My mom played some practice recordings for me and I was pretty good at figuring out what they were saying and the details they mentioned. I guess having kid-sized ears gives me an advantage there!My favorite part was looking at the practice speaking questions. The test has a part where you have to give spoken responses about different topics, like describing a process or speculating about situations. My mom would practice by pretending I was the test scorer. I'd ask her funny questions like "How do rockets work?" or "What would you invent to make chores easier?" Then mom would give these big serious answers using all the right vocabulary and explanations. We'd both end up cracking up!When test day came, my mom put on her nicest suit and headed out first thing in the morning. She said the reading section wasn't too bad, but some of the passages really made her brain hurt. The writing tasks were okay since she practiced a lot, but she ran out of time at the end. For listening, she said therecordings were pretty clear and she felt confident about most of her answers. And for the speaking, mom said she tried to project her voice and organize her thoughts like they taught in prep class. Phew, what a brain workout!A few weeks later, the results finally came out. My mom jumped for joy when she saw she got an "A" grade! She called everyone to celebrate her "Professional Title" accomplishment. I was SO proud of her for acing that big grown-up test.To reward mom, we went out for a special dinner of...chicken nuggets! Hey, even brilliant minds need kid food sometimes. We'll leave the fancy molecular gastronomy to the chefs with professional titles. For now, give me some ketchup with those nuggets!So that's the inside scoop on the 2014 Big Test for Smart Grown-Ups, or as they call it, the Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering Level A. It sounded incredibly hard, but with lots of practice and determination, my super mom knocked it out of the park! Maybe I'll be taking it myself one day when I'm all grown up. But for now, let me be kid and leave the tough tests to the adults. Thanks for reading!篇2The 2014 Science and Engineering English TestHello everyone! My name is Timmy and I'm going to tell you all about the big English test I had to take this year. It was super hard, but I tried my best!The test started off with a reading comprehension section. We had to read some passages and then answer questions about them. The first passage was about how airplanes fly. It explained about lift and drag and all the awesome physics stuff that keeps planes in the air. Then we had to answer 10 questions like:What forces act on an airplane during flight?Lift and dragWhat provides the lift force?The wings pushing air downwardsWhy is drag a problem for airplanes?It slows them down and makes them use more fuelThe next reading passage was about renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. It talked about the benefits of using clean energies that don't pollute the environment. The questions were stuff like:Name three renewable energy sources.Solar, wind, hydroelectricWhat is an advantage of renewable energy over fossil fuels?It doesn't produce greenhouse gas emissionsAfter the reading, we had to do a listening section where we heard lectures and conversations and answered questions. One was a professor explaining the principles of electric circuits. He used diagrams and everything! The questions asked things like:What is the unit of electric current?AmperesIf two resistors are in parallel, what happens to the total resistance?It decreasesMan, that electricity stuff is complicated! The next listening was a dialogue between two students talking about their engineering internships. They were discussing things like:What type of engineering was the internship for?Mechanical engineeringWhat tasks did the intern have to do?Create CAD models, attend project meetingsThen came the writing section, which was brutal! We had to write a letter to a company applying for an internship position. We had to describe our qualifications, skills, interests and experience. We also had to explain why we were a good fit for the job. Whew, my hand got so tired from all that writing!The last part was speaking, where we had to answer questions from the test graders. They asked me all kinds of things about science, math, technology and my interests. Like:Describe the scientific method.Make an observation, form a hypothesis, test it with an experiment, analyze the dataWhat are you interested in studying in university?Probably computer science or electrical engineeringWhat are some important skills for an engineer?Problem solving, teamwork, communicationOverall, it was a really tough test, but I felt pretty good about how I did. I had studied a ton and tried to prepare as best I could. Hopefully I did well enough to get a high score!Well, that was my experience with the big English test. It covered so many different areas of science and engineering. Reading, listening, writing, speaking - we had to do it all! I'm just glad it's over now and I can relax. Let me know if you have any other questions!篇3The Super Awesome Science Exam!Hi there! My name is Timmy and I'm in 5th grade. Today I had to take a really hard test called the "Professional Title English Exam for Science and Engineering!" It was sooooo long and had lots of big words that I didn't understand. But I'll do my best to tell you about it!The first section was all about reading. There was this really long passage about black holes and how they form in space when a huge star runs out of fuel and collapses in on itself. Its gravity gets so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it! Crazy stuff. The questions asked things like what the main idea was, what certain words meant, and whether some statements were true or false according to the passage. I had to read it like three times before I kind of got what it was talking about.Then there were more reading passages, but on different science topics like chemical reactions, electromagnetic waves, and the formation of mountains and valleys. So many big words! I'm just a kid, how am I supposed to know all this stuff? The questions were pretty similar though - finding the main ideas, defining vocabulary, and identifying true or false statements.After the reading section, there were some listening comprehension questions. They played audio clips of scientists talking about their research and we had to answer multiple choice questions about the main points they made. One was about using algae to produce biofuels as an alternative to gasoline. Another was about building super tall skyscrapers that can withstand really strong winds. I had a hard time focusing and tuned out a few times during the recordings. Listening while bubbling in answers is tough!The writing section was up next. We had to read a short paragraph about nanotechnology and its potential impacts, and then write a essay stating our own thoughts on the pros and cons of such a powerful technology. I wrote about how nanotechnology could be used to make awesome tiny robots that could go inside people's bodies and fix them from the inside! But I also said it might be dangerous if nanorobots could getprogrammed to hurt people in scary ways. I tried using lots of scientific vocabulary like "innovative" and "revolutionize."Finally, there was a small section on translating sentences back and forth between English and Chinese. This part wasn't too bad since I'm pretty good at both languages. Some of the sentences were about scientific concepts though, so I had to think really hard to make sure I was translating them correctly.Phew! I'm exhausted just thinking about how tough that test was. I really hope I did ok on it, but a lot of it was way over my head to be honest. I'll have to study a lot harder if I want to become a scientist or engineer when I grow up! Let me know if you have any other questions about the exam. Thanks for reading, gotta go play some video games to relax now!篇4My Day at the Science FairHello friends! My name is Timmy and I'm going to tell you all about the super fun Science Fair I went to last weekend. It was the biggest event I've ever been to full of crazy experiments and cool inventions. I learned so many new things!First up, I saw this table with all kinds of liquids in bottles and test tubes. The bottles had fun colors like red, blue, and green. The scientists there were mixing different liquids together and writing stuff down on their clipboards. One time they mixed two clear liquids and it turned bright purple! That was awesome. They said it was a "chemical reaction." I don't know exactly what that means but it looked really neat.Next I went over to the room with all the robots. There were so many! Big ones, little ones, some that could walk and some that just rolled around. My favorite was this little guy that could pick things up with his robot arm. The scientist working on him would give him commands and he would listen just like a real person! They called him an "android." I tried to pet him but the scientist said I shouldn't touch him. Darn!Then I wandered into the physics section. There were ramps and tracks set up all over the place with balls and cars rolling down them. The scientists there were doing "experiments" to learn about motion and gravity and stuff. One experiment had this big metal sphere swinging back and forth on a rope. When it reached the bottom, it would almost hit this wooden block but stop just before crashing into it! That one made me jump everytime. The scientist called it a "pendulum" but I just thought it was crazy.Another cool area had all sorts of circuits and batteries hooked up. By flipping switches and connecting wires, you could light up little bulbs or make fans spin around. I spent a long time there just playing with all the knobs and dials. I tried to take one of the batteries home to power my Game Boy but the scientist stopped me. No fun!The best part was the outdoor area with rockets and plants and animals. One group had planted all these vegetables in different kinds of soil. They were seeing which dirt made the plants grow biggest and strongest. Another group had built these tiny rockets out of plastic bottles and shot them straight up in the air using just air pressure! It was so loud when they launched but awesome to watch them zoom upwards.Around the plants, there were also terrariums with little frogs and lizards hopping around inside. I got to hold one of the frogs - he was so small and slimy! Then I saw this enormous snake behind some glass. When I got close, he rose up and started hissing at me. Totally freaked me out! The scientist there said he was a "python" and could squeeze me to death. No thanks, I'll pass on that!Phew, we did so much at this Science Fair. I hadn't even realized but by the end of the day, I had learned all about chemistry, robotics, physics, engineering, biology, and more! Science is super cool when you get to experience it up close like that. Now I want to grow up to be a scientist too so I can blow things up and play with animals all day. Well, maybe not the snakes...ok, I'm getting tired of writing now. Bye friends!篇5The Big English Test for Smart Grown-UpsDid you know that some grown-ups have to take big tests too? It's true! Just like when you have spelling tests or math quizzes at school, grown-ups who work as scientists, engineers, and other really smart jobs have to take tests to show how good they are at English.One of these tests is called the Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering. It's a very long name, but you can just call it the "Big English Test" for short. In 2014, a lot of grown-ups had to take this Big English Test. It was super hard, with all kinds of confusing questions about reading, writing, and listening to English.For the reading part, the grown-ups had to read some really long and boring articles. They were all about science and technology stuff that would probably make your head spin! Things like "integrated circuit design" and "thermal radiation models" – whatever those are! The grown-ups had to read through all that complicated nonsense and answer questions about what it meant. Yikes!The writing section was no walk in the park either. The grown-ups had to write a huge essay about some expert topic, using all the right words and grammar. Can you imagine having to write a essay that's pages and pages long, all about something like "the environmental impact of lithium-ion battery production"? No thanks! That sounds like a total snoozefest.But the worst part might have been the listening section. The grown-ups had to listen to some people giving long, boring lectures about scientific concepts and junk. While they listened, they had to take notes and answer questions about what was said. If you ask me, that sounds like torture! Having to sit still and pay attention to some droning lecturer going on and on about "electromagnetic wave propagation" or whatever? I'd rather listen to nails on a chalkboard!Despite how insanely difficult this Big English Test was, I bet there were some grown-ups who actually enjoyed the challenge. Maybe they're just weird like that. But for most normal people, it probably felt like getting a gigantic brain freeze from thinking too hard!When it was all over, I'm sure the grown-ups were completely exhausted. They likely went home, flopped down on the couch, and took a well-deserved nap. Either that, or they went straight for the ice cream to numb the pain in their heads from dealing with all that crazy science English mumbo-jumbo!In the end, some of the grown-ups passed the Big English Test, while others... well, let's just say they might need to study a little harder next time. The ones who passed got extra credits and fancy titles to put on their office doors or whatever. The ones who failed probably had to go take the test again the following year. How awful!So the next time your parents or teachers get all worked up about you having to take a spelling quiz or some other test at school, just remind them: at least you don't have to take the Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering! Now that's a real nightmare. I'll take a simple multiplication test any day over that linguistic torture chamber!Just be glad you're a kid, and you don't have to worry about all that complicated grown-up nonsense. Not yet, anyway. For now, you can just kick back, relax, and be happy that the biggest test you have to take is probably the Scholastic Book Fair's "Who Can Read The Most Books This Summer?" contest. Now that's a competition I can get behind!篇6My Big English Test for Science and MathHi! My name is Timmy and I'm in 5th grade. A few weeks ago, I had to take a really big English test all about science and math stuff. It was for grown-ups who want to get a special title at their jobs, but I got to take it too since I'm super smart. Let me tell you all about it!The test was super long with lots of different sections. The first part had us read some passages and answer questions about them. Here's one of the reading passages:Climate Change and Global WarmingThe Earth's climate has gone through many natural changes over millions of years due to factors like variations in the Earth's orbit and volcanic activity releasing greenhouse gases. However,most scientists agree that the current period of climate change and global warming is being significantly accelerated by human activities that release additional greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.One of the main greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide (CO2). Since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, humans have been burning fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas for energy, releasing large amounts of CO2 into the air. Deforestation has also reduced the number of trees that can absorb CO2. The increased levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases trap more of the sun's heat in the Earth's atmosphere, causing global temperatures to rise.Some of the major impacts of global warming include rising sea levels, shrinking glaciers, changes in weather patterns, loss of biodiversity, and more extreme weather events like hurricanes, droughts and heat waves. Though climate change is a complex issue, most experts recommend reducing fossil fuel use and increasing energy efficiency to lower greenhouse gas emissions.After reading this, we had to answer some comprehension questions like:According to the passage, what are two main causes of climate change?A) Burning fossil fuels and deforestationB) Volcanic eruptions and cow fartsC) The Earth's orbit and sun spotsD) Acid rain and the ozone holeThe right answer is A - burning fossil fuels and deforestation are listed as two major human-caused sources of greenhouse gas emissions driving climate change.What is one impact of global warming mentioned in the passage?A) The common cold will be curedB) Rising sea levelsC) Cats and dogs living togetherD) Sprinklers will no longer be neededHere the correct answer is B - rising sea levels is listed as one of the impacts of global warming.Then there was a section testing our vocabulary, like deciding if given words had a positive, negative, or neutral meaning. That part was pretty easy for a genius like me.The hardest section was the writing part where we had to write a few different passages using scientific and technical terms. One question asked us to describe the process of aluminum smelting using words like oxides, electrolysis, molten, anodes, and cathodes. Here's what I wrote:The primary method of producing aluminum metal is through the smelting process. First, a dry aluminum oxide powder called alumina is dissolved in a molten salt bath kept at extremely high temperatures around 950°C. An powerful electric current is then passed through the molten solution, which causes electrolysis to occur.At the carbon anodes, oxygen is released from the alumina's oxide ions and vents away as gas. Meanwhile the free aluminum ions deposit at the cathodes, forming molten aluminum metal that collects at the bottom and can be siphoned off and cast into various shapes.I definitely got an A+ on that one! The graders probably thought they accidentally let a scientist into the exam room.There was also a big math section testing everything from algebra and geometry to statistics and calculus. One of the questions gave us some measurements and asked us to calculatethe volume of an object using the formula for the volume of a cylinder: V = πr^2hThe measurements were:Radius (r) = 12 cmHeight (h) = 28 cmSo we plug those values into the formula:V = π(12 cm)^2 (28 cm)= π(144 cm^2)(28 cm)= 12,672π cm^3Then we put that into our calculator and get the volume is about 39,788 cubic cm! The graders were probably very impressed with my math skills.Overall, it was a pretty tough test, but I'm pretty sure I aced it.I can't wait to get the results back so I can add "Professional Science Communicator" to my resume, right next to my certifications as a Jumpoline Tester and Key Lime Pie Eating Champion. Take that, all you grown-ups! This 5th grader is coming for your jobs!。

鑱岀О鑻辫鍗敓绫籄绾х湡棰?014骞?/div>(鎬诲垎锛?00.00锛屽仛棰樻椂闂达細120鍒嗛挓)涓€銆佺涓€閮ㄥ垎锛氳瘝姹囬€夐」 (鎬婚鏁帮細15锛屽垎鏁帮細15.00)1.His stomach felt hollow with fear.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.empty 鈭?/span>B.sincereC.respectfulD.terrible瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>2.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.inventedB.reproduced 鈭?/span>C.designedD.reported瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>3.His professional career spanned 16 years.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.startedsted 鈭?/span>C.changedD.moved瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>4.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.homewordB.act 鈭?/span>C.justiceD.model瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>5.The group does not advocate the use of violence.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.support 鈭?/span>B.limitC.regulateD.oppose瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>6.Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.silentB.seatedC.trueD.motionless 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>7.There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.tendency 鈭?/span>B.pointC.resultD.finding瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>8.That uniform makes the guards look absurd.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.ridiculous 鈭?/span>B.seriousC.beautifulD.impressive瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>9.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.dull 鈭?/span>B.amazingC.depressingD.predictable瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>10.The country was torn apart by strife.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.povertyB.conflict 鈭?/span>C.warD.economy瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>11.This was disaster on a cosmic scale.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.modestB.huge 鈭?/span>mercialD.national瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>12.A person鈥檚 wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.equalB.opposite 鈭?/span>C.certainrge瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>13.The department deferred the decision for six months.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.put off 鈭?/span>B.arrived atC.abided byD.protested against瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>14.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.copyB.publishC.furnish 鈭?/span>D.summarize瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>15.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.easedB.improvedC.relievedD.appeared 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>浜屻€佺浜岄儴鍒嗭細闃呰鍒ゆ柇 (鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細7.00) 鈥楩eed Me Better鈥? When British TV chef Jamie Oliver launched his 鈥楩eed Me Better 鈥?campaign in 2004 in schools in the Greenwich area of London with the aim of improving the diet of British schoolchildren, some people were skeptical about the impact it would have. Oliver鈥檚 highly-publicized television campaign to improve school lunches led to dramatic changes in the meals offered to pupils in the Greenwich schools. In order to achieve his aim Oliver needed to show schools how to swap(浜ゆ崲)cheap processed meals, which were high in saturated fat(楗卞拰鑴傝偑),salt, and sugar, for healthier options. Now, research at the institute for Social and Economic Research(ISER)has shown that Oliver鈥?s experiment did not only help pupils eat more healthily, it also resulted in them performing better at school in English and Science and in helping schools reduce their rates of absenteeism(缂哄嫟). The ISER study, carried out by Michele Belont and Jonathan James, showed 鈥榮ubstantial鈥?positive effects, with the performance of 11-year-old pupils eating Oliver鈥檚meals improving by up to 8% in Science and by as much as 6% in English. In addition, the number of children having authorized absences for sickness since 2004 showed a 14% decrease. The ISER study analysed the academic test results of more than 13,000 children in Greenwich between 2002 and 2007 to evaluate the impact of Oliver鈥檚 healthier meals on school performance. Pupils who sat exams in 2006-2007 had been on the new diet for at least 12 months, and the researchers found that the number of pupils reaching higher levels of achievement had clearly risen. The study also compared the results of the school in Greenwich with those of pupils of the same age in seven other London areas who did not eat the meals created by Oliver. The researchers were surprised by the speed of improvements in the Greenwich pupils. They could find no other explanation for the results except for the healthier and more nutritious meals created by Oliver. Commenting on ISER鈥檚 findings, Oliver said he felt the research proved that he was right in his decision to remove fatty processed food and replace it with nutrient-rich(钀ュ吇鐨? foods such as coconut(妞板瓙) ,fish, and broccoli(鑺辨ぐ鑿?. He commented that 鈥榳e could see that it made them calmer and therefore able to learn鈥? 锛堝垎鏁帮細7.00锛?/div>(1).The 鈥楩eed Me Better鈥?campaign targeted a healthier diet at schoolchildren. 锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.Right 鈭?/span>B.WrongC.Not mentioned瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(2).Everyone believed the campaign should be successful. 锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.RightB.Wrong 鈭?/span>C.Not mentioned瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(3).The ISER is an institute that does research on pupils鈥?performance in sport. 锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.RightB.Wrong 鈭?/span>C.Not mentioned瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(4).The pupils in Greenwich said they liked the healthier meals. 锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(5).The number of pupils who asked for sick leave decreased. 锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.Right 鈭?/span>B.WrongC.Not mentioned瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(6).The ISER did not do a comparative study on the impact of the new diet. 锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.RightB.Wrong 鈭?/span>C.Not mentioned瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(7).The healthier diet has helped schoolchildren improve academically. 锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.Right 鈭?/span>B.WrongC.Not mentioned瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>涓夈€佺涓夐儴鍒嗭細姒傛嫭澶ф剰涓庡畬鎴愬彞瀛?(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細8.00)Aromatherapy(鑺抽鐤楁硶) 1. Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated 鈥榚ssential鈥?oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, such as almond(鏉忎粊)oil, or they are diluted(绋€閲?with water. These solutions(婧舵恫鍓?can be rubbed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applies as a compress(鏁疯嵂). 2. Many people have aromatherapy massages(鎸夋懇)锛?and depending on the treatment a person is having, the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders. The massage is smooth and flowing, as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm. The sessions are tailored to the individual鈥檚health and mood at the time, so every session is unique. 3. Practitioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the 鈥榚ssential鈥?oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream where they can affect the whole body and promote healing. Other clams in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion improves the functioning of respiratory system, reduces muscular aches and pains, and promotes muscle relaxation and tone. It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and help combat insomnia(澶辩湢) and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches, anxiety, and mild depression. 4. However, whilearomatherapy may have real effects that promote a sense of well-being, some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers. While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on most people, it also suggests that aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness. Furthermore, not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial to health. There are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative effects on people with certain medical conditions. The study of aromatherapy is relatively new and unexplored. More research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions about its useand effects. 锛堝垎鏁帮細8.00锛?/div>(1).A. Current research into aromatherapy B. Aromatherapy and conventional medicine C.Different views about aromatherapy D. Introduction to aromatherapy E. Doubts about the benefits aromatherapy F. Personalized aromatherapy massage Paragraph 1 __________锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B.C.D.E.F. 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(2).Paragraph 2 __________ 锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B.C.D.E. 鈭?/span>F.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(3).Paragraph 3 __________锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A. 鈭?/span>B.C.D.E.F.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(4).Paragraph 4 __________锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B.C. 鈭?/span>D.E.F.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(5).A. suit different people B. be further explored C. help the disabled D. be used externally E. have healing effects F. be promoted Aromatherapy is a mixture oil from partsof the plants to锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B.C.D.E. 鈭?/span>F.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(6).The sessions of aromatherapy massages are designed to锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A. 鈭?/span>B.C.D.E.F.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(7).Aromatherapy is believed to ______ in various ways锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B.C. 鈭?/span>D.E.F.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(8).The used and benefits of aromatherapy need to锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B. 鈭?/span>C.D.E.F.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>鍥涖€佺鍥涢儴鍒嗭細闃呰鐞嗚В銆?(鎬婚鏁帮細3锛屽垎鏁帮細45.00)绗竴绡囥€€A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer Post-menopausal(缁濈粡鍚?women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly , a study has suggested. The report ,which followed 73,000 women for 17 years , found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease . The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk. A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week , but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers . This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology , Biomarkers & Prevention , followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group. They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking , swimming and aerobics(鏈夋哀杩愬姩)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading . They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of the women,47% said walking was their only recreational activity . Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week. Dr. Alpa Patel , a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta , Georgia , who led the study , said:鈥滸iven that more than 60% of women report some daily walking , promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women . We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.鈥濃€滿ore strenuous(绱у紶鐨?and longer activities lowered the risk even more.鈥? Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign , said:鈥漈his study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.鈥? She added:鈥漌e know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.鈥?锛堝垎鏁帮細15.00锛?/div>(1).All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passageEXCEPT________ 锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.regular walkingB.breathing exercise 鈭?/span>C.recreational activityD.lifestyle choices瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(2).It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel鈥檚 study that____. 锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer 鈭?/span>B.women have fewer chances of physical activityC.leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer riskD.walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(3).Dr. Alpa Patel was_____. 锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.chief editor of Cancer EpidemiologyB.chair of the American Cancer SocietyC.chief executive of Breast Cancer CampaignD.head of the survey study 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(4).Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.B.The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.C.Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal womenD.Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the womensurveyed. 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(5).The word 鈥渟ustainable鈥?in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _______ . 锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.affordableB.availableC.persistentD.continuable 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>绗簩绡囷細 Around 45% of the UK鈥檚 carbon dioxide emissions come from the energy people use every----at home and when they travel . In order to generate that energy, fossil fuels (coal oil, and gas) are burnt, and these produce greenhouse gases--- in particular carbon dioxide (CO2) a year, and it is the same CO2 that is changing the climate and damaging theenvironment. CO2 and various other gases wrap the earth in an invisible blanket helping to prevent heat from escaping. Without this greenhouse effect, the average temperature on Earth would be around -18鈩? compared with the current average of around +15鈩? The composition of this blanket of gases has remained relatively constant for many thousands of years.However, since the industrial revolution began around 200 years ago, people have been burning increasing amounts of fossil fuels, thus releasing more CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the process. This has increased the heating effect of the blanket, trapping more of the sun鈥檚 energy inside the Earth鈥檚 atmosphere in turn the Earth鈥檚 temperature has increased more rapidly in a shorter pennd of there that it has for thousands of years. 銆€銆€In 2008, the total UK CO2 emissions were 533 million tones 27% (144 million tonnes ) of those emissions came from the energy used to heat, light, and power homes. Transport emissions caused by passenger cars, buses and motorcycles accounted for a further 16% (87 million tonnes ) of the UK鈥檚 CO2 emissions. These figures show that a significant amount of CO2 results from ordinary citizens鈥?carbon footprint in their daily activities and lifestyle. 銆€銆€The e ffects of climate change can be seen all around us. Weather patterns are cecoming more and more fractured and uncertain, and over the last century trends in warm weather have become increasingly common. In the UK in the last 40 years, winters have grown warmer with much heavier rainfall. One of the clearest shifts over the last 200 years is towards summers that are hotter and drier, causing pervasive water shortages. Recent years have been the hottest since records began and during August 2003 the hottest outdoor temperature in the UK was recorded ---38.5. 锛堝垎鏁帮細15.00锛?/div>(1).What is the author鈥檚 main aim? 锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.To explain the greenhouse effectB.To describe the effects of climate change in the UK 鈭?/span>C.To show how much CO2 is produced by ordinary people鈥檚 activitiesD.To illustrate how industrial activity create the greenhouse effect瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(2).What is the author鈥檚 opinion about the level of CO2 emissions in the UK? 锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.The majority of CO2 emissions come from motorized transport.B.CO2 emissions may cause climate change in the futureC.More CO2 emissions come from homes than from cars 鈭?/span>D.The average citizen does not create much CO2瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(3).CO2 emissions from vehicles 锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.are a more serious problem than energy shortageB.do not cause any problemsC.are high because the average household owns a carD.contribute considerably to greenhouse gases 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(4).The results of climate change in the UK can be seen in 锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.cooler summersB.water supplyC.warmer winters 鈭?/span>D.stronger winds瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(5).Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.Ways of reducing the UK鈥檚 CO2 emissions citizens鈥?carbon footprintC.The effect of industry on climate change in the UK 鈭?/span>D.Changes in weather patterns in the UK瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>绗笁绡囷細First Sell-contained Heart Implanted 銆€銆€A patient on the brink of death has received the world鈥檚 first self-contained artificial heart鈥攁 battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires, tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest. 銆€銆€Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a sever-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday. The hospital said the patient was 鈥渁wake and responsive鈥?Tuesday and resting comfortably. It refused to release personal details. 銆€銆€The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation, and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person鈥檚 life by only a month. But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient鈥檚 quality of life. 銆€銆€The new pump, called AbioCor, is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s, which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those, the Jarvic-7, used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine. 銆€銆€鈥淚 think it鈥檚 potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,鈥?said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American heart Association. However, he said the dream of an implantable, permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality: 鈥淭his is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated.鈥?銆€銆€Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year, and most of the rest died. 銆€銆€Some doctors, including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hears. 銆€銆€鈥淎 donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,鈥?he said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 going to be hard to replace that with amachine.鈥?锛堝垎鏁帮細15.00锛?/div>(1).The first two paragraphs tell that the sell-contained artificial heart锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.had brought the patient to the brink of deathB.did not need to get power from outside the bodyC.was made of titanium and pump 鈭?/span>D.was invented by two surgeons from the University of Louisville瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(2).According to the report, patient who received the first self-contained heart 锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.was said to be in a good condition the next day after operation 鈭?/span>B.could not afford a donor heartC.died two months after the heart implantationD.was reluctant to release his or her personal information瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(3).We can learn from Paragraph 4 that the Jarvic-7 is 锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.the most expensive mechanical heartB.a mechanical heart used in the 1980s 鈭?/span>C.as advanced as AbioCorD.replacing AbioCo瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(4).According to Dr . David Faxon, the self-contained heart is 锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.a milestone in the artificial heart developmentB.still in the experimental stage 鈭?/span>C.an implantable, permanent artificial heartD.unavailable to all those Americans waiting for donor hearts瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(5).It can be inferred from the passage that donor hearts 锛堝垎鏁帮細3.00锛?/div>A.will be replaced by self-contained artificial hearts sooner or later 鈭?/span>B.are more popular and cheaper than self-contained artificial heartsC.saved the lives of about 2,100 Americans the year before the reportD.can help patients survive less than 15 years if they are in good transplant瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>浜斻€佺浜旈儴鍒嗭細琛ュ叏鐭枃 (鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細10.00)Wrongly Convicted Man and His Accuser Tell Their Story 銆€銆€NEW YORK,NY, January 5,2010. St.Martin鈥檚 Press has announced the release of the paperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist John Grisham calls an 鈥渁ccount of violence, rage, redemption(鏁戣祹)锛宎nd, ultimately forgiveness.鈥?銆€銆€The story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina, with the rape of a young while college student named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal, Thompson swore to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist, a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted her brutally.________(46) When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant(琚嚮鑰?from a book of mug shots, she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the same man in a lineup. 銆€銆€Based on her convincing eyewitness testimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cotton 鈥檚 lawyer appealed the decision, and by the time of the appeals hearing, evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole._______ (47) Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her. 銆€銆€Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated(璇佹槑鈥︹€︽竻鐧?Cotton and just as unequivocally(鏄庣‘鍦? convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime. ________(48) 鈥淭he man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul,鈥?she wrote. 鈥淎nd the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent.鈥?銆€銆€_______ (49) Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled 鈥淥ur memoir of injustice and redemption.鈥?銆€銆€Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives 鈥渨ith constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly______ (50)鈥? A. Another trial was held. B. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital case C. Thompson was shocked and devastated. D. Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally. E. During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face , looking for scars , tattoos (绾硅韩) or other identifying marks. F. Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimonyby eyewitnesses. 锛堝垎鏁帮細10.00锛?/div>A.B.C.D.E. 鈭?/span>F.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A. 鈭?/span>B.C.D.E.F.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.B.C. 鈭?/span>D.E.F.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.B.C.D. 鈭?/span>E.F.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.B. 鈭?/span>C.D.E.F.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>鍏€佺鍏儴鍒嗭細瀹屽舰濉┖ (鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細15.00)More about Alzheimer's Disease 銆€銆€Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease1 and may ultimately allow physicians to predict ________ (51) is at risk of getting this neurological disorder. 銆€銆€The only current means of ________ (52) the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.(鐥村憜) 銆€銆€鈥?Since Alois Alzheimer described the ________ (53) nearly a century ago锛宲eople have been trying to find a way to ________ (54) diagnose it in its early stages2锛屸€?said Patricia Grady锛宎cting director3 of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland. "This discovery, if ________ (55) , could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease. 鈥?銆€銆€Alzheimer's is the single greatest ________ (56) of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between2. 5 million and 4 million people in the United States ________ (57). The devastatingdisorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function锛宎nd eventually causes death.6 There is currently no known _______ (58) for the disease. 銆€銆€Researches________ (59) that the skin cells of Alzheimer' s patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells. The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that7 Alzheimer's ________ (60) from physiological changes throughout the body锛宎nd that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects ________ (61) the cells in the brain, scientists said. 銆€銆€The flow of potassium is especially ________ (62) in cells responsible________ (63) memory formation8. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium, another critical element. 銆€銆€One test developed by researchescalls for9 growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that ________ (64) the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature. 銆€銆€A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important ________ (65) , but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing. 锛堝垎鏁帮細15.00锛?/div>A.whatB.oneC.itD.who 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.fightingB.carryingC.transmittingD.diagnosing 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.answerB.effectC.disease 鈭?/span>D.study瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.slowlyB.accurately 鈭?/span>C.newlyD.incorrectly瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.designedB.announcedC.confirmed 鈭?/span>D.reported瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.causeB.factorC.focus 鈭?/span>D.exception瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.finallyB.lonelyC.yetD.alone 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.examinationB.evidenceC.treatment 鈭?/span>D.fact瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.discovered 鈭?/span>B.predictedC.expectedD.warned瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.keepsB.breaksC.results 鈭?/span>D.translates瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.affect 鈭?/span>B.removeC.collectD.form瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.steadyB.naturalC.continuousD.critical 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.atB.outC.for 鈭?/span>D.of瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.startB.getC.followern 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.chanceB.conceptC.development 鈭?/span>D.decision瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>。

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案Title：2014 Professional English Level A Exam Questions and AnswersIn 2014, the Professional English Level A exam for the Science and Engineering field was taken by many candidates. The exam included questions that tested the candidates' understanding of various technical topics and their ability to communicate effectively in English. Below are some of the questions from the 2014 exam along with the correct answers:Section 1: Vocabulary1. What is the meaning of the word "hypothesis"?a) A scientific explanation that has been provenb) A proposed explanation for a phenomenonc) A guess based on little evidenced) An educated guess based on extensive researchCorrect answer: b) A proposed explanation for a phenomenon2. What does the term "electromagnetic spectrum" refer to?a) The range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiationb) The portion of the spectrum visible to the human eyec) The range of frequencies used in radio communicationd) The portion of the spectrum used in medical imaging techniquesCorrect answer: a) The range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiationSection 2: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions below:Advancements in renewable energy technologies have the potential to revolutionize the way we generate and consume energy. Solar panels, wind turbines, and hydropower systems are increasingly being used to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and decrease our carbon footprint.3. According to the passage, what is one advantage of renewable energy technologies?a) They are cheaper than fossil fuelsb) They are a more reliable source of energyc) They help reduce carbon emissionsd) They are easier to extract and transportCorrect answer: c) They help reduce carbon emissions4. What is the main idea of the passage?a) Renewable energy technologies are not as efficient as fossil fuelsb) The use of renewable energy technologies is increasing worldwidec) Fossil fuels will remain the primary source of energy for the foreseeable futured) Advancements in renewable energy technologies are harming the environmentCorrect answer: b) The use of renewable energy technologies is increasing worldwideSection 3: WritingWrite a short paragraph (5-7 sentences) on the following topic:"Discuss the impact of climate change on the environment and the importance of taking action to mitigate its effects."Overall, the 2014 Professional English Level A exam for the Science and Engineering field was challenging but fair. Candidates who prepared well and had a good grasp of technical vocabulary and concepts were able to perform well on the exam. Good luck to all the candidates preparing for future exams!。

职称英语综合类A级考试试题答案及解析(三)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

）第1题He resented being called a foreigner.A hatedB enjoyedC annoyedD shocked【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 本句意思：他讨厌被人叫老外。

resent和hate同义，表痛恨，讨厌的意思；annoy：恼怒，使生气，如：A mosquito keeps annoying me．一只蚊子总是骚扰我。

shock：使震惊，使惊恐，如：We were shocked at the news of the earthquake in Haiti．我们对发生在海地的地震感到震惊。

enjoy：喜欢，享受……的乐趣。

第2题She was the one in the whole class who was eligible to apply for the scholarship.A competitiveB diligentC qualifiedD competent【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 本句意思：她是他们班申请奖学金最合适的人选。

eligible是“合格”的意思，而C也有这个意思。

be qualified to do something：有资格做某事。

competitive：有竞争力的，如：The firm is competitive in world markets．这家公司在世界市场上有竞争力。

diligent：勤劳的。

competent：有才华的，如：He is very competent in his work．他在工作上很有能力。

抱歉，发个广告！凡是心里没底的同学最好报名！过职称英语考试最后的机会：新东方在线2014年职称英语考前2小时通关秘籍：卫生类直播时间：2014.3.25 19:30-21:30；综合类直播时间：2014.3.26 19:30-21:30。

授课内容：2013年部分真题+技巧方法精华+查词典技巧+阅读完形串记总结+押题密卷；授课时长：2小时，纯干货放送。

报名地址以及详细情况见：/8s598X72014职称英语综合类A级全真模拟试题(一)答案与题解第一部分：词汇选项ACCDC DCBBB CBDAD第二部分：阅读判断16 A 这句话恰好表达了本文第一段的意思。

即有些心理学家认为人脑睡眠中的活动没有特别意义；而有些人则认为，梦可以揭示人的思维和情感。

17 A第三段的最后一句讲的是弗洛伊德认为梦反映了人们在现实情况下害怕表达的情感、想法或恐惧。

此句与本叙述一致。

18 B第四段的第二句和第三句：Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.（荣格认为,梦的用途是向做梦者传递一个信息）He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.（他认为人们通过思考所做的梦能够更好地了解自己）他给出了两个例子来说明他的论点。

19 C文中没有提及。

20 A依据第六段，Domhoff研究得出：婴儿不像成人做那么多的梦，做梦是一种需要时间提高的技能。

这就说明了婴儿不具备成人做梦的能力。

21 A本文第七段讲述了做梦与性别的关系。

第二句更指出男人和女人做的梦是不同的。

22 B最后一段的倒数第二句讲的是：梦可能会有意义，但并不表示一些恐怖事情就一定会发生。

因而不能预测未来。

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子23 B第二段的第一句话说了大多数人对英国人有很大的偏见。