最新2014职称英语新增文章理工A (最完整,含译文,已排版可直接打印,word版)

2014年职称英语考试试题理工类c级真题及答案（word版）第1部分词汇选项1.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.A fineB winterC outdoorD extra2.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A excitementB angerC calmD disappointment3.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.A conferenceB partyC celebrationD union4.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by 10%.A returnB realizeC increaseD double5.Some comments are just inviting trouble.A asking forB keeping out ofC getting intoD suffering from6.His knowledge of French is fair.A very usefulB very limitedC quite goodD rather special7.The book raised a storm of controversy.A damageB voiceC doubtD argument8.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A seriousB mainC deepD particularck of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A receivesB deservesC acceptsD prevents10.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.A commentsB signsC mannersD noises11.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present systm.A proveB discoverC considerD imagine12.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A hopeB jumpC silenceD life13.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A partsB aspectsC painsD results14.I'm sure I'll be able to amuse myself for a few hours.A entertainB treatC holdD keep15.Several windows had been smashed.A cleanedB brokenC replacedD fixed答案：DDACA CDBDA BBCAB第二部分阅读判断So Many "Earths"The Milky Way(银河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepter space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its date have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a stor's habitable zone. That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as liquid.The new estimate of how many plantes might fit these conditions comes from studying more that 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate(推算) to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough，the authors admit. If applied to the solar system，it would define as habitable a zone starting as close ot the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike(although either might have been in the distant pase). Using tighter limits the researchers estimate the between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number. It would mean however that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.16. The Kepler space telescpe has been in service for 15 yearsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17.The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earth's.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18.The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19.The Earth is a planet orbiting in the Sun's habitable zone.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20.The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars on the Milky Way.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21.The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22.This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案：CABABAC第3部分概括大意与完成句子Pathways to Research：Problem-solving1 Pittsburgh's many hills aren't kind to bikers. Anyone hoping to pedal to work there has to contend with steep streets like Canton Avenue，which famouslyclimabs at a nearly 40-degree angle.As a result，some residents avoid biking altogether.2 But University of Pittsburgh graduate Micah Toll，23，and a few friends recently launched an invention that they hope will increase the city's pedal power. An electric bike called to Pulse PEVO. A super-strong battery powers the bicycle. Able to hit nearly 20 miles per hours without pedaling，it zips battery powers the bicycle. Able to hit nearly 20 miles per hour without pedating ，it zips up the city's most daunting(令人却步的)hills.Toll hopes it will persuade people in Pittsburgh and elsewhere to get out of their cars and onto bikes.3 If it sounds like Toll has a knack(窍门) for fixing problems，that's because he does. In high school，he designed a new type of construction beam. It weights no more than a feather pillow but can be used to build sturdy(坚固的)homes for refugees fleeing war or natural disaster.For his work，Toll was invited to attend the Inter International Science and Engineering Fair(Isef)—twice，in 2006 and 2007. The annual competition for young researchers is program of Society for Science&the Public(that's the parent organization of Science News for Kids).Toll says that when it comes to science，he keeps it simple：“You see a problem and say，“How couldI solve that?”4 He's not the only to take that approach. Many young researchers get their start by trying to solve a problem or fulfill a need in their own communities.When students dedicate themselves to finding a solution that many benefit theircommunity，“a passion is ignited(点燃)，”says Wendy Hawkins，executive director of the Inter Foundation，which sponsors Intel ISEF."Finding that passion and fostering it can be the key to many students future success."she says.23. Paragraph 124. Paragraph 225. Paragraph 326. Paragraph 4A Intel International Science and Engineering FairB The enthusiasm for solving problemsC The young researchers' passionD An invention increasing pedal powerE Why people avoid biking in PittsburghF The cause of national disaster27 A Pulse PEVO is powered with28 Toll hopes his Pulse PEVO will encourage people to29 A new construction beam invented by Toll weighs like30 Many young researchers are finding solutions to problems that mayA a nearly 40-degreeangleB get on bikesC a feather pillowD fix more problemsE a super-strong batteryF benefit their community答案：EDBC EBCF第4部分，阅读理解Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talkbecause of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .31. What is the main idea of this passage?A. How to understand intelligence.B. The importance of intelligence.C. The development of intelligence tests.D. How to become intelligent.32. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.33. Gardner believes that ________.A. children have different intelligences.B. all children are alike.C. children should take one intelligence test.D. there is no general intelligence.34. According to Gardner, schools should ________.A. test students’IQs.B. train students who do poorly on tests.C. focus on finding the most intelligent students.D. promote development of all intelligences.35. Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .A. musical foundation.B. biological foundation.C. intrapersonal foundation.D. linguistic foundation.答案：ABADBMusic is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expression是ever invented. In movies and plays，music has an added function：it not only moves people but also can shock people.Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels(分贝).Once sound exceeds this limit，even beautiful music will become ear-splitting noise and harm health.A strong blast(响声) of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet.High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat.In movies，sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can't hear and only those who have the same ability can feel.In nature，there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics，the sound that exceeds 20000Hz is called ultrasonic(超音波的).Dolphins，whales and bats can make suchhigh-frequency sound.It does no harm to health.Sound less than 20Hz is called infrasonic(次声)waves. When we move，the air will vibrate. The vibration of air can produce infrasonic wave.As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people's internal organs，infrasonic wave may cause resonance(共振) in human bodies. As a result，people's vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture(断裂). However，whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity. If its intensity is very low，it won't damage internal organs or a person's health. If the intensity of inf让sonic wave exceeds 160 decibels，it is extremely harmful. When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea，it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons canproduce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present，scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power.36 What could be the best title of the passage?A The power of musicB The harms of noisesC The magic of soundD The discovery of infrasonic waves37 What does the author say about music?A It may be harmful to people's halthB It always cheers people upC It is very often difficult to understandD It sounds better when it is lound enough38 It is true that the soundA of nature is the most beautifulB over 80 decibels is harmful to peopleC of high intensity benefits animalsD in movies is pleasing to the ear39 An ultrasonic soundA is very loudB does harm to people's healthC cannot be heard by peopleD is produced by the hero in movies40 It can be found from the last paragraph that infrasonic wavesA are harmless to people's healthB exist in people's internal organsC can be used as deadly weaponsD can improve eyesight答案：CABCCCompact DisksIf someone says to you your music CDs don't really hold any music on them, and they only have numbers recorded on them, you may not believe it. In fact, he isright in that sound is actually recorded onto the CDs as special numbers —a digital code.1 The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps on a long spiral track almost five kilometers long. These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns wide.A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns. The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back. This lets the CD player2 turn the reflected light back into the original code. This means you can hear the original code as music.Digital codes are used with many technologies. E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers. Space probes communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes. Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems. Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes. Weather radios also tune into specific signals using these codes.There are many types of compact disks. One format is called CD-RWs. They can be recorded on and re-recorded on(rewritten on)as you would do with a floppy disk3. Another format is the CD-ROM. The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs. These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear. The clear and dark spots are the digital code. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc —Read Only Memory4. This disk is like a "super" floppy disk that can hold lots of information. One CD-ROM can hold the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks. Information is permanently recorded onto it. Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs.CDs were first sold to the public in 1982 These CDs still play well and sound fine. Current CDs are expected to last between 70 to 200 years. Of course, you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them.Science keeps on developing. It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented5 and introduced to the public for music recording. In the meantime, there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs6 and playing your favorite computer games onCD-ROMs.41 Music is recorded onto CDs asA laser beamsB digital codesC musical notesD special sounds42 E-mail is mentioned in the third paragraph to showA the variety of digital communicationsB the development of new technologiesC the usefulness of digital codesD the relationship between communication and technology43 One of the differences between CD-RWs and CD-ROMs isA CD-ROMs can be used for longer timeB CD-ROMs cannot be rewritten onC CD-RWs hold more informationD CD-RWs are merely used for music recording44 CDs can last a long time ifA they are seldom usedB they play well and sound fineC their users take good care of themD they are developed with new technology45 It can be inferred from the passage thatA CD-ROMs are more expensive than other CDsB new technology for music recording is being developedC the author likes listening to musicD flppy disks are no longer in use答案：BCBCC第5部分，补全短文Do You Have a Sense of Humor?Humor and laughter are good for us. There is increasing evidence that they can heal us physically，mentally，emotionally，and spiritually. In fact，every system of the body responds to laughter in some positive，healing way. So how can we get more laughter into our lives?(46)Psychologist and author，Steve Wlison，has some answers.Many peoplebelieve that we are born with a sense of humor.They think，“either you've got it，or you don't”Dr.Wilson points out that this false.(47) The parts of brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth(48)(After all ，when a baby laughs，we don't rush over and say，“That kid has a great sense of humor!”)A sense of humor is something that you can develop over a lifetime.Sometimes people think that they don't have a good sense of humor because they are not good joke tellers.Dr.Wilson reminds us that telling jokes is only one of many ways to express humor.(49)Then we will make others laugh，too.A person who has a true sense of humor is willing and able to see the funny side of everyday life.One of the best definition of a sense of humor is“the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation.”Consider this sign from a sore window.“Any faulty merchandise will be cheerfully replanced with merchandise of equal quality.”The store manager probably placed the sign in the window to impress customers with the store's excellent service.(50)As Dr.Wilson says，“a good sense of humor means that you don't have to be funny;you just have to see what's funny.”A He advises us to lose our inhibitions(抑制)and try to laugh at ourselves.B Is it possible to develop a sense of humor?C However，that does not mean that infants have a sense of humor.D What is true，however，it that we are born with the capacity to laugh and smileE Everyone experiences this emotionF He had a serious purpose，but if you have a sense of humor，you will probably find the sign funny!答案：BDCAF第6部分：完形填空(第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle1 events —flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring —all around the world. But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest —birds, trees, flowers budding, etc. —and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat2, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology4Network. “Phenology”is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project Bud Burst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from acrossthe United States. People participating in the project —which is open to everyone —record their observations on the Project Bud Burst website.“People don't have to be plant experts —they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,”says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. “As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”51 A everywhere B anywhere C somewhere D nowher52 A If B Although C When D Because53 A giving B showing C developing D observing54 A special B professional C skillful D ordinary55 A on B at C to D with56 A small B limited C smple D large57 A Very B Much C AsD Many58 A All B Any C Some D Most59 A send B print C answer D keep60 A known B featured C belonged D called61 A alike B like C unlike D likely62 A points B wonders C data D interests63 A common B suitable C open D strange64 A want B forget C mind D have65 A who B how C before D since ADDDC BDAAD ACCDB。

2014年职称英语（理工类）考试辅导课程讲义目录第一部分了解职称英语 (3)一、概述 (3)二、评价目标 (3)三、考试内容与试卷结构 (5)四、命题原则 (6)五、答题及计分方法 (7)第二部分答题技巧 (8)一、词汇选项 (8)二、阅读判断 (10)三、概况大意与完成句子 (10)四、阅读理解 (12)五、补全短文 (13)六、完形填空 (13)第三部分 2013年新增文章 (15)2013年职称英语理工类新增文章篇目（ABC类） (15)阅读理解新增文章 (17)第十一篇 (17)第十九篇 (19)+第四十八篇 (22)完形填空新增文章 (25)第三篇 (25)第八篇 (28)+第十三篇 (31)第四部分 2013年真题 (36)2013年职业英语（理工类）A级考试真题 (37)2013年职业英语（理工类）B级考试真题 (55)2013年职业英语（理工类）C级考试真题 (70)第一部分 了解职称英语一、概述总述：全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。

专业类别注：三类考试的共同点和不同点：每个级别的试卷内容，除综合类外，普通英语和专业英语题目各占50%。

对于类别的区分意义不大，原则上考生报综合、理工、卫生的任何一类都是可以的，考生可结合自身情况及单位规定进行报考。

在正式考试中，50%的题都是一样的。

等级总分：100分 考试时间：120分钟注：参加考试的考生允许带一本普通的英语字典进入考场。

建议参加C 级和B 级考试的考生可以使用《牛津英汉双解词典（中级）》，参加A 级考试的考生适用《牛津英汉双解词典（高级）》，还可以同时考虑准备一本《牛津英语同义词词典》。

二、评价目标总目标：要求： （一）词汇量注：可以主要掌握2000个左右的核心单词和短语结构。

实际考试中出现的超纲词一般都会给出中文注释。

（二）语法知识注：不直接考查语法，对基本语法的考查融入到各类考题中，进行间接考查。

2014年职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）第二部分阅读判断第一篇Inventor of LED第二篇E1 Nino第三篇Smoking第四篇Engineering Ethics 第五篇Recue Platform第六篇Microchip Research Center Created第七篇ModerateEarthquake StrikesEngland第八篇What isdream第九篇Dangers AwaitBabies withAltitude第十篇Thy biologyof music第四部阅读理解第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第三篇 Citizen Scientists第四篇 Motoring Technology第五篇 Late-Night Drinking第六篇 Making Light of Sleep第七篇 Sugar Power for Cell Phones第八篇 Eiffel Is an Eyeful第九篇 Egypt Felled by Famine 第十篇 Young FemaleChimps Outlearn TheirBrothers第十二篇 Florida Hit byCold Air Mass第十三篇 InvisibilityRing第十四篇 Japanese CarKeeps Watch for DrunkDrivers第十五篇 Winged RobotLearns to Fly第十六篇 JapaneseDrilling into Core ofEarth*第十七篇 A Sunshade forthe Planet*第十八篇 Thirst for Oil*第十九篇Musical RobotCompanion EnhancesListener Experience*第二十篇 Explorer ofthe Extreme Deep*第二十一篇 Plant Gas*第二十二篇 Snowflakes*第二十三篇 Powering aCity? It's a Breeze.*第二十四篇 UndergroundCoal Fires -- a LoomingCatastrophe*第二十五篇 Eat to Live*第二十六篇 Male andFemale Pilots CauseAccidents Differently*第二十七篇 Driven toDistraction*第二十八篇 Sleep LetsBrain File Memories*第二十九篇 I will BeBach*第三十篇 Digital Realm*第三十一篇 HurricaneKatrina*第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine*第三十三篇 Experts Callfor Local and RegionalControl of Sites forRadioactive第五部分补全短文第二篇 The BilingualBrain第三篇 How deafinessMakes It Easierto Hear第六部分完型填空第一篇 Captain CookArrow Legend第二篇 Avalanche andIts Safety第四篇 Animal's"Sixth Sense"第五篇 Singing AlarmsCould Save the Blind* 第六篇 Car ThievesCould Be Stopped Remotely* 第七篇 AnIntelligent Car* 第九篇 Wonder Webs* 第十篇Chicken Soupfor the Soul：ComfortFood Fights Loneliness1第一篇Inventor of LED1. Holonyak’s colleagues thou ght he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned2. Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson- MIT Prizesooner or later.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4.Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. Edith Flanigen is the onlyco-inventor of LEDs.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 第二篇 El Nino1. The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance. A RightB WrongC No mentioned2. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to usesea-surface temperatures to match the past El Nino occurrences.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. Weare’s contribution in predicting El Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned6. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned7. A special institute has bee n set up in America to study El Nino.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned第三篇Smoking1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. A Right B WrongC Not mentioned2. Smoking reduces one’s life expectancy. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned3. Smoking may induce lung cancer.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. There is evidence that smoking isresponsible for breast cancer.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. Male smokers have a lower deathrate from heart disease than femalesmokers. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned6. Nicotine is poisonous.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. Filters and low tar tobacco makesmoking safe.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第四篇 Engineering Ethics1. Engineering ethics is a compulsorysubject in every institute of scienceand technology in the United States. ARight B Wrong C Not mentioned2. The number of students wishing totake the course of engineering ethicsis declining at Texas A&M University.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. The National Science Foundationinvolves itself directly in writing upmaterial about ethical issues. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned4. It seems that medical ethics andbusiness ethics are more mature thanengineering ethics. A Right B Wrong CNot mentioned5. Several engineering professors havequit from teaching to protest againstthe creation of a new course inengineering ethics. A Right B Wrong CNot mentioned6. Many engineering professors maynot have time to prepare material forclass discussion on professional ethics.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. It is likely that following thisintroductory passage, the author willprovide the necessary material relatedto the topic of engineering ethics. ARight B Wrong C Not mentioned第五篇Rescue Platform1. A rescue platform called the Eagle iscapable of moving vertically but notsideways.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. The four propellers are fittedhorizontally to the Eagle.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. With the help of jet engines, theEagle can fly at a speed of 100 milesan hour.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. In the third paragraph, the wordhelicopter refers to the Eagle.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. The mare jet engines are fitted tothe propellers, the more people theplatform can carry.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. In the wake of September 11, Mr.Metreveli has secured enough fundingto build up a small-scale model of theEagle to test his idea.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. Mr. Metreveli is designing for Israela more advanced form of rescueplatform than the Eagle or the Eaglet.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第六篇Microchip ResearchCenter Created1. The country says that theinvestment of US $14 million is bigenough for dev eloping that country’schip industry.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. That country gives top priorities todeveloping chips for military purposes.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Although the licensing fees are notvery high, that Far Eastern countrycannot afford to pay.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned.4. Many western countries ban theexporting of the most advancedchip-making technologies to thatcountry to prevent them from beingused for military purposes.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. Currently, almost all the flagshipchipmakers in that country are ownedby American investors.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. Mainstream chip productiontechnology develop rapidly. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned7. More than 10 chip plants being builtin that country are an example ofself-reliance.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第七篇Moderate EarthquakeStrikes England1. During the April 28 earthquake, thewhole England was left without power.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. The Channel Tunnel was closed for10 hours after the earthquakeoccurred.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. It was reported that one lady hadgot her head and neck injured, but notseriously.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. France and several other Europeancountries sent their medical teams towork side by side with the Britishdoctors.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned25. The country’s strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. Musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7. It can be inferred from the passage that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned.第八篇What Is a Dream?1．Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 2．According to Freud, people dream about things that they cannot talk about.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 3．Jung believed that dreams did not help one to understand oneself.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 4．In the past, people believed that dreams involved emotions.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 5．According to Domhoff, babies do not have the same ability to dream as adults do.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 6．Men and women dream about different things.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 7．Scientists agree that dreams predict the future.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 第九篇Dangers Await Babies with Altitude1. According to the passage，one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their mothers are under-nourished.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. Giussani’s team members are all British researchers and professors from Cambridge University.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little to do with the financial conditions of the family he was born into.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he was still in his mother’s womb.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. High-altitude babies have heads that are larger than their bodies. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6. High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 7. Giussani has arrived at theconclusion that babies in high-altituderegions are more likely to have hearttrouble when they grow up. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned*第十篇The Biology of Music1．Humans, but not animals, can sing.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned2．People can use music tocommunicate their emotions.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned3．We use the same part of the brainfor music and language.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned4．Geoffery Miler has done researchon music and emotions.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned5．It’s hard for humans to composemusic.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned6．Memory is not an important part insinging in tune.A RightB WrongC Not-mentioned 7．Scientists does notknow all the answers about theeffects of music on humans. ARight B Wrong C Not-mentioned第五部分补全短文第一篇Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label ifthey proved1to be a dangerous sourceof radiation, according to Robert Bell,a scientist. And no more mobile phonetransmitter towers should be builtuntil the long-term health effects ofthe electromagnetic radiation theyemit are scientifically evaluated, hesaid. “Nobody’s going to drop deadovernight2but we should be asking formore scientific information,” RobertBell said at a conference on the healtheffects of low-level radiation. 1 “Ifmobile phones are found to bedangerous, they should carry awarning label until proper shields canbe devised,” he said.A report widelycirculated among the public says thatup to now scientists do not really knowenough to guarantee there are noill-effets on humans fromelectromagnetic radiation. Accordingto Robert Bell, there are 3.3 millionmobile phones in Australia alone andthey are increasing by 2,000 a day3. 2By the year 20004 it is estimated thatAustralia will have 8 million mobilephones: nearly one for every twopeople.As well, there are 2,000 transmittertowers around Austrnlia, many in highdensity residential areas5. 3 E Forexample, Telstra, Optus andVodaphone build their towers where itis geographically suitable to them anddisregard the need of the community.The electromagnetic radiation emittedfrom these towers may have alreadyproduced some harmful effects on thehealth of the residents nearby. RobertBell suggests that until more researchis completed the Government shouldban construction of phone towers fromwithin a 500 metre radius of schoolgrounds, child care centres, hospitals,sports playing fields and residentialareas with a high percentage ofchildren. 4 A He says there is emergingevidence that children absorblow-level radiation at a rate more thanthree times that of adults6.He addsthat there is also evidence that ifcancer sufferers are subjected toelectromagnetic waves the growth rateof the disease accelerates. 5 D Thenwho finances the research? Accordingto Robert Bell, it is reasonable for themajor telephone companies to fund it.Besides, he also urges theGovernment to set up a wide-ranginginquiry into possible health effects.第二篇The World’s LongestBridgeRumor has it that1a legendarysix-headed monster lurks in thedeep waters of the Tyrrhenian Seabetween Italy and the island ofSicily. 1 If true, one day youmight spy the beast while zipping(呼啸而过) across the MessinaStrait Bridge. When completed in2010, the world’s longest bridgewill weigh nearly 300,000 tonsequivalent to the iceberg thatsank the Titanic — and stretch 5kilomerers long. “that’s nearly 50percent longer than any otherbridge ever built,” saysstructural engineer Shane Rixon.2 What do the world’s longestbridges have in common? They’resuspension bridges, massivestructures built to span vastwater channels or gorges. Asuspension bridge needs just twotowers to shoulder the structure’smammoth weight, thanks to heftysupporting cables slung betweenthe towers and anchored firmly indeep pools of cement at each endof the bridge. The Messina StraitBridge will have two 54,00-ton34towers, which will support most of the bridge ’s load. The beefy cables of the bridge, each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built. When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers. 3 The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352individual steel wires. Gettingthese cables up will be something 2. It ’s not just their length — totally 5.3 kilometers — but their weight. 4 They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons — more than-half the bridge’s total mass. After lowering vertical “suspender ” cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60meter-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck — wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic. The deck ’s weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139,000 tons — equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential. 5 They ’re what will keep the bridge from going anywhere.第三篇 Reinventing the Table An earth scientist has rejigged theperiodic table 1to make chemistry simpler to teach to students. 1 There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871.But Bruce Railsback from the University ofGeorgia 3says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions of each element rather than just the elements themselves. “I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic table to earth students,”he says, criss-crossing his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional table. 2 Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have. But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which. “Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of what’s going on with the elements,” says Albert Galyfrom the University of Cambridge 4. 3“I imagine this would be good for undergraduates.” 4 Railsback has listed some elements more than once. He explains that sulphur, for example, shows up in three different spots — one for sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea salt, for instance. He has also included symbols to show which ions arc nutrients, and which are common in soil or water. 5 And the size of element’s symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earth’s crust.第四篇 The Bilingual BrainWhen Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea’s a teenager, he had a hard time learning English. Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.1 As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York. 1Their work led to an important discovery. They found evidence that children and adults don’t use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language. The researchers used an instrument called an MRI2 (magnetic resonance imaging) scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people. 2One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children. The other consisted of people who ， like Kim ，learned their second language later in life. People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner. This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active. They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before, first in one language and then the other. They couldn’t speak out loud because any movement would disrupt the scanning. Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain - Broca's area3, which is believed to control speech production, and Wernicke’s area3, which is thought to process meaning. Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language they were speaking. 3 But their use of Broca ’s area was different. People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca’s area for both their first and second languages. People who learned asecond language later in life used a dif ferent part of Broca’s area for their second language. 4 How does Hirsch explain this difference? Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children, their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area. Once that programming is complete, the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain. A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults. Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch, sound, and sight. 5 And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.第五篇 The Magic of Sound Music is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function 1: it not only moves people but also can shock people. Is it true that an ordinarymusical instrument can be so powerful? Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels. Once sound exceeds this limit 2, even beautifulmusic will become car-splitting noise 3and harm health. A strong blast of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet. 1 High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat. The noise from a plane’s engine is over 140 decibels. However, the sound of a flute is at most a few decibels. 2 Therefore, the sound of ordinary musical instruments cannot harm your health. It has been proven that people who have worked in an environment with a high sound intensity for a long time suffer varying degrees of heart disease or altered brain waves. In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can ’t hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics, the sound that exceeds 20,000 Hz is called ultrasonic. 3 Dolphins, whales and bats can make suchhigh-frequency sound.It does no harm to health. Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate. 4 The vibration of air can produce5infrasonic waves. As thefrequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people ’s internalorgans 4, infrasonic wave may cause resonance in human bodies. As a result, people ’s vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapondepends on its intensity 5. If its intensity is very low, it won ’t damage internal organs or a person ’s health. 5 If the intensity of infrasonic wave exceeds 160 decibels, it is extremely harmful. When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over thesea 6, it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power.第六篇 Dung to Death 1Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant“superbugs ”.2The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry. 1 His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have bannedantibiotics as growth promoters in animal fee .Some 20,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. 2 But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people. Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminatedmeat.3But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science andTechnology in Dubendorf. 3 And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says. With millions of tons of animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, thispathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance,4he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. 4 They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. 5 They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water. His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a highpercentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria.5But vets are nottreating the issue seriously. There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, includingantibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excretedunchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment. 第七篇 Time in the Animal World Rhythm controls everything in Nature. 1 It controls, for example, the flapping of birds’ wings, the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun.The sun provides a basic time rhythm for all living creatures including humans. Nearly all animals are influenced by sun cycles and have developed a biological clock in their bodies following these cycles. The moon also exerts its force and influence on the sea. Its gravitational attraction causes the rising of the tide. 2 The tide goes out when the moon moves away and its attraction is weaker. When the moon is behind the Earth, centrifugal force causes the second tide of the day. Animals living in tidal areas must have the instinct of predicting these changes, to avoid being stranded and dying of dehydration. Since the time of the dinosaurs, the king crab has been laying eggs 1at the seaside in a set way 2. To avoid predator fish 3, the eggsare always far from seawater and protected by sand. In the following two months, the eggs undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon 4. When the second spring tide comes, the young king crabs have matured. 3 The second spring tide takes them back to the sea. Most of the mammals, either the giant elephant or the small shrew, have the same average total number of heart beats in their lifetime. Shrews live only for two and a half years, and spend their life at a high speed and high tempo. Animals like shrews with a pulse rate of 600 per minute have an average total of eight hundred million heartbeats 5throughout their life. The African elephant has a pulse rate of 25 beats per minute, and a life span 6of 60 years. The size of the body determines the speed of life. 4 The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is.As we get older, our sense of time is being influenced by the physiological changes of our body. The elderly spend more time resting, and do few sports. 5 For an adult, time goes fast year by year. For a child, a week is seen as a long time.第八篇 Watching Microcurrents FlowWe can now watch electricity as it flows through even the tiniest circuits. By scanning the magnetic field generated as electric currents flow through objects, physicists have managed 1 to picture the progress of the currents. The technology will allow manufacturers to scan microchips for faults, as well as revealing microscopic defects in anything from aircraft to banknotes. Gang Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, visualize the current by measuring subtle changes in the magnetic field of an object and 2 converting the information into a color picture showing the density of current at each point .Their sensor is adapted 1from an existing piece of technology that is used to measure large magneticfields in computer hard drives.2“We redesigned the magnetic sensor to make it capable of measuring very weak changes in magnetic fields,” says Xiao. The resulting device is capable of detecting a current as weak as 10 microamperes , even when the wireis buried deep within a chip, and it shows up features as small as 40 nanometers across. At present, engineers looking for defects in a chip have to peel off the layers and examine the circuits visually; this is one of the obstacles 3 to making chips any smaller. But the new magnetic microscope is sensitive enough to look inside chips and reveal faults such as short circuits, nicks in the wires or electro migration — where a dense area of current picks up surrounding atoms and move them along. “It is like watching a river flow,”explains Xiao. As well as scanning tiny circuits, the microscope can be used to reveal the internal structure of any object capable of conductingelectricity.3For example, itcould look directly at microscopic cracks in an aeroplane’s fuselage, 4 faults in the metal strip of a forged banknote or bacteria in a water sample.The technique cannot yet pick up electrical activity in the human brain because the current there is too small, but Xiaodoesn’t rule it out 4in the future.“I can never say never,” he says. Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public,it is already on sale,5fromelectronics company Micro Magnetics in Fall River, Massachusetts. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minute to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag arc working 5 to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds .第九篇Heat Is KillerExtremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems —even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year.１So does extreme heat.Experts say heat may be nat ure’s deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. ２Several hot days are considered a heatwave. Experts say heat waves oftenbecome dangerous when thenighttime temperature does not dropmuch from the highest daytimetemperature. This causes great stresson the human body.３Doctors say people can do manythings to protect themselves fromthe dangers of extreme heat. outof the sun, if possible. Drinklots of cool water. Wear lightcolored clothing made of naturalmaterials; avoid wearingsynthetic clothing. Make sure theclothing is loose, permittingfreedom of movement1. And learnthe danger signs of the medicalproblems, such as headache andvomiting that are linked to heat.Most people suffer only musclepain as a result of heat stress.４Most people suffer only musclepain as a result of heatstress.pain is a warning that thebody is becoming too hot2. Doctorssay those suffering headache ormuscle pain should stop allactivity3and rest in a cool placeand drink cool liquids. Do notreturn to physical activity for afew hours because more seriousconditions could develop: Doctorssay some people face an increaseddanger from heat stress.５Suchpersons have a weak or damagedheart, high blood pressure, orother problems of the bloodsystem.Hot weather also increasesdangers for people who must takemedicine for high blood pressure4,poor blood flow, nervousness ordepression.第十篇How Deafness Makes ItEasier to HearMost people think of Beethoven’shearing loss as an obstacle tocomposing music. However, heproduced his most powerful works inthe last decade of his life when he wascompletely deaf.This is one of the most glorious casesof the triumph of will over adversity1,but his biographer, Maynard Solomon,takes a different view. 1_ Solomonargues that Beethoven’s deafness“heightened”his achievement as acomposer. In his deaf worldBeethoven could experiment, freefrom the sounds of the outside world,free to create new forms andharmonies.Hearing loss does not seemto affect the musical ability ofmusicians who become deaf. Theycontinue to “hear” music with asmuch, or greater, accuracy than if theywere actually hearing it being played.2Michael Eagar, who died in2003,became deaf at the age of 21. Hedescribed a fascinating phenomenonthat happened within three months:“my former musical experiencesbegan to play back to me. I couldn’tdifferentiate between what I heardand real hearing.2 After many years, itis still rewarding to listen to these playbacks, to ‘ hear’ music which is new tome and to find many quietaccompaniments for all of mymoods. ”How is it that the world wesee，touch，hear，and smell is both“out there”and at the same timewithin us? There is no better exampleof this connection between externalstimulus and internal perception thanthe cochlear implant3. 3 Noman-made device could replace theability to hear. However, it might bepossible to use the brain’s remarkablepower to make sense of the electricalsignals the implant produces.WhenMichael Edgar first “switched on” hiscochlear implant, the sounds he heardwere not at all clear. Gradually, withmuch hard work, he began to identifyeveryday sounds. For example, “Theinsistent ringing of the telephonebecame clear almost at once.”Theprimary purpose of the implant is toallow communication with others.When people spoke to Eagar, he heardtheir voices “coming through like along-distance telephone call on a poorconnection.” But when it came to hisbeloved music, the implant was of nohelp.4 _ When he wanted toappreciate music, Eagar played thepiano . He said, “I play the piano as Iused to and hear it in my head at thesame time. The movement of myfingers and the feel of the keys giveadded ‘ clarity’ to hearing in myhead.5”Cochlear implants allow thedeaf to hear again in a way that is notperfect，but which can change theirlives. 5 Still, as Michael Eagardiscovered, when it comes to musicalharmonies, hearing is irrelevant. Eventhe most amazing cochlear implantswould have been useless toBeethoven as he composed his NinthSymphony at the end of his life.6。

When Our Words Collide"Wanna buy a body?"That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S.News.Like many in the mainstream press,I wanted to separate the world of photographers into "them",who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana,and"us",the serious news people. But after16years in that role,I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.“想买尸体的照片吗？”自从我当上《美国新闻》的图片编辑之后，我接到的自由摄影师打来的电话很多都是以这么一句开场的。

跟很多主流媒体一样，我想把这些买卖尸体照片或者整天跟着像戴安娜王妃这样的名人后面追拍的摄影师，归到“那些人”里面，而我们“这些人”自然是严肃的新闻人。

但是在这个位置上做了16年以后，我开始怀疑这两个世界是不是真的能轻易区分开。

Working in the reputable world of journalism,I toldphotographers to cover other people's difficult life situations.I justified marching into moments of sadness,under the appearance of the reader's right to know.I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines.And I wasn't alone.既然在新闻界这种声誉卓著的行业工作，我就要求摄影师们去采访其他人艰难的生活状况。

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: 2014 Vocational Title English Level A Exam Questions and AnswersIntroduction:The 2014 Vocational Title English Level A Exam is a comprehensive test for professionals in the science and technology fields. It covers a wide range of topics including mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and other related subjects. In this article, we will provide some sample questions and answers from the 2014 exam to help you prepare for your own test.Sample Questions and Answers:1. MathematicsQuestion: Solve the following equation for x: 2x + 5 = 11Answer: x = 32. PhysicsQuestion: What is the formula for calculating velocity?Answer: Velocity = Distance/Time3. ChemistryQuestion: What is the chemical symbol for gold?Answer: Au4. BiologyQuestion: What is the process by which plants make their own food?Answer: Photosynthesis5. EngineeringQuestion: What is the function of a turbine in a power plant?Answer: To convert kinetic energy into mechanical powerConclusion:The 2014 Vocational Title English Level A Exam covers a wide range of topics related to science and technology. By practicing with sample questions like the ones provided in this article, you can better prepare yourself for the exam and increase your chances of passing. Good luck with your studies!篇22014职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)1. It wasn't long ________ the damage was repaired.A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. when答案: B. before2. A number of good schools have been set up there, and _______ has contributed greatly to the city's development.A. itB. thatC. whichD. what答案: A. it3. Please shut the door, ______ the noise will disturb others.A. butB. althoughC. otherwiseD. however答案: C. otherwise4. He wasn't satisfied with his work and made it _______ to his boss that he felt he should be doing something else.A. simpleB. sureC. clearD. certain答案: C. clear5. Gold rush days in California ______ the middle of the nineteenth century.A. back toB. lie inC. date fromD. go by答案: C. date from6. That they will win the game is by no means certain; actually, it is very ________.A. probableB. possibleC. likelyD. doubtful答案: D. doubtful7. We missed the early bus, and as a result we _______ 10 minutes for the next one.A. must to waitB. had waitC. waitedD. had to wait答案: D. had to wait8. The old lady urged her son to stop drinking and ________.A. so did the doctorB. so the doctor didC. so have the doctorD. so had the doctor答案: B. so did the doctor9. A _________ can describe a word, a phrase or a clause.A. sentenceB. functionC. phraseD. machine答案: B. function10. The boy wrote a ______ to Mr. Smith asking for his help.A. cardB. statementC. letterD. message答案: C. letter11. Early humans lived in small bands of people _______ they moved from place to place.A. whenB. whyC. thatD. where答案: C. that12. My mother ______ yesterday that she didn't like Chinese food.A. saysB. speakC. saidD. talks答案: C. said13. A _______ is something that you have to do or deal with that you dislike.A. decisionB. dutyC. jobD. work答案: B. duty14. The food got ______ when we arrived, so we decided to leave the restaurant.A. finishB. eatC. eatenD. finished答案: C. eaten15. The book is written in simple and clear language, _______ it easy for students to read and understand.A. what makesB. thus makingC. which makeD. so make答案: B. thus making16. The teacher told the students that they ________ study hard or they would fail the exam.A. mustB. mightC. needD. ought答案: A. must17. The man is polite and ____ harsh to people.A. areB. veryC. isD. being答案: C. is18. _______we have the equipment, we can start work immediately.A. UntilB. As soon asC. AfterD. If答案: B. As soon as19. The robbers tied the man to a tree for fear that he _______ try to escape.A. shouldB. mustC. willD. may答案: A. should20. She asked me if I _______ take my medicine, which I'd already done.A. neededB. needC. mustD. must to答案: B. need这是2014职称英语理工类A级考试的真题部分，相关详细内容请查阅真题答案。

2014职称英语（理工类）第四部分阅读理解【第一篇】Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles（福特放弃电动汽车）The Ford motor company’s abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology，analysts say．分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽车的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。

General Motors。

and Honda’ceased production of battery．powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer．Ford has now announced it will do the same．通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产，转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机，这对消费者更有吸引力。

福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。

Three years ago．the company introduced the Think City two—seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor．It hoped to sell 5，000 cars each year and 10，000 carts．But a lack of demand means only about l，000 of the cars have been produced，and less than 1，700 carts have been sold so far in 2002．3年前，福特推出名为Think City的双排座汽车和Think或Think Neighbor系列高尔夫车.但由于需求不足。

十一：Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity 比尔•盖茨：发挥你的创造力1.I've always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place. 1.我一直是个乐观主义者，我想这是因为我深信创造力和智慧能使世界变得更美好。

2.For as long as I can remember, I've loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life. 2.在我的记忆中，我喜欢学习新东西、解决难题。

所以当我七年级时第一次坐在电脑前时，我立刻被吸引住类。

那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎什么事都不能做。

但是它却改变我的一生。

3.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of "a computer on every desk and in every home", which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have. 3.30年前我和朋友保罗•艾伦创办微软的时候，我们预见到一个“每个办公桌和每个家庭都会有一台电脑”的时代。

2014年职称英语(理工类)教材新增文章第二部分阅读判断﹡第8篇What Is a Dream?（B级）For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact., many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times,many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It Was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to Study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams ( 1900) , Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings , thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung,however,had a diffent idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.For example,people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand,people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modem-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example,psychologist William Domhoff from the University of Califoria, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from ll cultures around the world,including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer th is question in different ways. However,one thing they agree on is this :If you dream that somethingterrible is going to occur,you shouldn't panic. The dream may have meaning,but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist [saɪˈkɔlədʒɪst] n．心理学家psychiatrist [saɪˈkaɪətrɪst]，2．精神病学家（医生）Austrian[ˈɔstrɪən] adj奥地利的 gender[ˈdʒendə] n．性别注释：Sigmund Freud：西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（1856一1939），犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The 2014 Big Test for Smart Grown-UpsHi there! My name is Lily and I'm 8 years old. Today I want to tell you all about the 2014 Big Test for Smart Grown-Ups that my mom took. It's a super important test for people who want to get a fancy job title called a "Professional Title" in science and engineering stuff. Pretty cool, huh?My mom studies really hard because she's super smart and wants to get an "A" grade on the test. She lets me look at her practice books sometimes, and boy is that test tricky! There are reading passages about science topics like energy and inventions that are full of big fancy words. Then there are questions asking what the passages mean and if the details are correct. I tried reading them but a lot of it went over my head!The writing section seems hard too. My mom practiced writing different kinds of letters, reports, and essays using proper language and organization. One time she wrote about scientific research methods like experiments and data analysis. Anothertime it was about green energy solutions. It all looked very professional and grown-up to me!But you know what I did understand? The listening section! The test has recordings of conversations and talks that you have to listen to and answer questions about. My mom played some practice recordings for me and I was pretty good at figuring out what they were saying and the details they mentioned. I guess having kid-sized ears gives me an advantage there!My favorite part was looking at the practice speaking questions. The test has a part where you have to give spoken responses about different topics, like describing a process or speculating about situations. My mom would practice by pretending I was the test scorer. I'd ask her funny questions like "How do rockets work?" or "What would you invent to make chores easier?" Then mom would give these big serious answers using all the right vocabulary and explanations. We'd both end up cracking up!When test day came, my mom put on her nicest suit and headed out first thing in the morning. She said the reading section wasn't too bad, but some of the passages really made her brain hurt. The writing tasks were okay since she practiced a lot, but she ran out of time at the end. For listening, she said therecordings were pretty clear and she felt confident about most of her answers. And for the speaking, mom said she tried to project her voice and organize her thoughts like they taught in prep class. Phew, what a brain workout!A few weeks later, the results finally came out. My mom jumped for joy when she saw she got an "A" grade! She called everyone to celebrate her "Professional Title" accomplishment. I was SO proud of her for acing that big grown-up test.To reward mom, we went out for a special dinner of...chicken nuggets! Hey, even brilliant minds need kid food sometimes. We'll leave the fancy molecular gastronomy to the chefs with professional titles. For now, give me some ketchup with those nuggets!So that's the inside scoop on the 2014 Big Test for Smart Grown-Ups, or as they call it, the Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering Level A. It sounded incredibly hard, but with lots of practice and determination, my super mom knocked it out of the park! Maybe I'll be taking it myself one day when I'm all grown up. But for now, let me be kid and leave the tough tests to the adults. Thanks for reading!篇2The 2014 Science and Engineering English TestHello everyone! My name is Timmy and I'm going to tell you all about the big English test I had to take this year. It was super hard, but I tried my best!The test started off with a reading comprehension section. We had to read some passages and then answer questions about them. The first passage was about how airplanes fly. It explained about lift and drag and all the awesome physics stuff that keeps planes in the air. Then we had to answer 10 questions like:What forces act on an airplane during flight?Lift and dragWhat provides the lift force?The wings pushing air downwardsWhy is drag a problem for airplanes?It slows them down and makes them use more fuelThe next reading passage was about renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. It talked about the benefits of using clean energies that don't pollute the environment. The questions were stuff like:Name three renewable energy sources.Solar, wind, hydroelectricWhat is an advantage of renewable energy over fossil fuels?It doesn't produce greenhouse gas emissionsAfter the reading, we had to do a listening section where we heard lectures and conversations and answered questions. One was a professor explaining the principles of electric circuits. He used diagrams and everything! The questions asked things like:What is the unit of electric current?AmperesIf two resistors are in parallel, what happens to the total resistance?It decreasesMan, that electricity stuff is complicated! The next listening was a dialogue between two students talking about their engineering internships. They were discussing things like:What type of engineering was the internship for?Mechanical engineeringWhat tasks did the intern have to do?Create CAD models, attend project meetingsThen came the writing section, which was brutal! We had to write a letter to a company applying for an internship position. We had to describe our qualifications, skills, interests and experience. We also had to explain why we were a good fit for the job. Whew, my hand got so tired from all that writing!The last part was speaking, where we had to answer questions from the test graders. They asked me all kinds of things about science, math, technology and my interests. Like:Describe the scientific method.Make an observation, form a hypothesis, test it with an experiment, analyze the dataWhat are you interested in studying in university?Probably computer science or electrical engineeringWhat are some important skills for an engineer?Problem solving, teamwork, communicationOverall, it was a really tough test, but I felt pretty good about how I did. I had studied a ton and tried to prepare as best I could. Hopefully I did well enough to get a high score!Well, that was my experience with the big English test. It covered so many different areas of science and engineering. Reading, listening, writing, speaking - we had to do it all! I'm just glad it's over now and I can relax. Let me know if you have any other questions!篇3The Super Awesome Science Exam!Hi there! My name is Timmy and I'm in 5th grade. Today I had to take a really hard test called the "Professional Title English Exam for Science and Engineering!" It was sooooo long and had lots of big words that I didn't understand. But I'll do my best to tell you about it!The first section was all about reading. There was this really long passage about black holes and how they form in space when a huge star runs out of fuel and collapses in on itself. Its gravity gets so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it! Crazy stuff. The questions asked things like what the main idea was, what certain words meant, and whether some statements were true or false according to the passage. I had to read it like three times before I kind of got what it was talking about.Then there were more reading passages, but on different science topics like chemical reactions, electromagnetic waves, and the formation of mountains and valleys. So many big words! I'm just a kid, how am I supposed to know all this stuff? The questions were pretty similar though - finding the main ideas, defining vocabulary, and identifying true or false statements.After the reading section, there were some listening comprehension questions. They played audio clips of scientists talking about their research and we had to answer multiple choice questions about the main points they made. One was about using algae to produce biofuels as an alternative to gasoline. Another was about building super tall skyscrapers that can withstand really strong winds. I had a hard time focusing and tuned out a few times during the recordings. Listening while bubbling in answers is tough!The writing section was up next. We had to read a short paragraph about nanotechnology and its potential impacts, and then write a essay stating our own thoughts on the pros and cons of such a powerful technology. I wrote about how nanotechnology could be used to make awesome tiny robots that could go inside people's bodies and fix them from the inside! But I also said it might be dangerous if nanorobots could getprogrammed to hurt people in scary ways. I tried using lots of scientific vocabulary like "innovative" and "revolutionize."Finally, there was a small section on translating sentences back and forth between English and Chinese. This part wasn't too bad since I'm pretty good at both languages. Some of the sentences were about scientific concepts though, so I had to think really hard to make sure I was translating them correctly.Phew! I'm exhausted just thinking about how tough that test was. I really hope I did ok on it, but a lot of it was way over my head to be honest. I'll have to study a lot harder if I want to become a scientist or engineer when I grow up! Let me know if you have any other questions about the exam. Thanks for reading, gotta go play some video games to relax now!篇4My Day at the Science FairHello friends! My name is Timmy and I'm going to tell you all about the super fun Science Fair I went to last weekend. It was the biggest event I've ever been to full of crazy experiments and cool inventions. I learned so many new things!First up, I saw this table with all kinds of liquids in bottles and test tubes. The bottles had fun colors like red, blue, and green. The scientists there were mixing different liquids together and writing stuff down on their clipboards. One time they mixed two clear liquids and it turned bright purple! That was awesome. They said it was a "chemical reaction." I don't know exactly what that means but it looked really neat.Next I went over to the room with all the robots. There were so many! Big ones, little ones, some that could walk and some that just rolled around. My favorite was this little guy that could pick things up with his robot arm. The scientist working on him would give him commands and he would listen just like a real person! They called him an "android." I tried to pet him but the scientist said I shouldn't touch him. Darn!Then I wandered into the physics section. There were ramps and tracks set up all over the place with balls and cars rolling down them. The scientists there were doing "experiments" to learn about motion and gravity and stuff. One experiment had this big metal sphere swinging back and forth on a rope. When it reached the bottom, it would almost hit this wooden block but stop just before crashing into it! That one made me jump everytime. The scientist called it a "pendulum" but I just thought it was crazy.Another cool area had all sorts of circuits and batteries hooked up. By flipping switches and connecting wires, you could light up little bulbs or make fans spin around. I spent a long time there just playing with all the knobs and dials. I tried to take one of the batteries home to power my Game Boy but the scientist stopped me. No fun!The best part was the outdoor area with rockets and plants and animals. One group had planted all these vegetables in different kinds of soil. They were seeing which dirt made the plants grow biggest and strongest. Another group had built these tiny rockets out of plastic bottles and shot them straight up in the air using just air pressure! It was so loud when they launched but awesome to watch them zoom upwards.Around the plants, there were also terrariums with little frogs and lizards hopping around inside. I got to hold one of the frogs - he was so small and slimy! Then I saw this enormous snake behind some glass. When I got close, he rose up and started hissing at me. Totally freaked me out! The scientist there said he was a "python" and could squeeze me to death. No thanks, I'll pass on that!Phew, we did so much at this Science Fair. I hadn't even realized but by the end of the day, I had learned all about chemistry, robotics, physics, engineering, biology, and more! Science is super cool when you get to experience it up close like that. Now I want to grow up to be a scientist too so I can blow things up and play with animals all day. Well, maybe not the snakes...ok, I'm getting tired of writing now. Bye friends!篇5The Big English Test for Smart Grown-UpsDid you know that some grown-ups have to take big tests too? It's true! Just like when you have spelling tests or math quizzes at school, grown-ups who work as scientists, engineers, and other really smart jobs have to take tests to show how good they are at English.One of these tests is called the Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering. It's a very long name, but you can just call it the "Big English Test" for short. In 2014, a lot of grown-ups had to take this Big English Test. It was super hard, with all kinds of confusing questions about reading, writing, and listening to English.For the reading part, the grown-ups had to read some really long and boring articles. They were all about science and technology stuff that would probably make your head spin! Things like "integrated circuit design" and "thermal radiation models" – whatever those are! The grown-ups had to read through all that complicated nonsense and answer questions about what it meant. Yikes!The writing section was no walk in the park either. The grown-ups had to write a huge essay about some expert topic, using all the right words and grammar. Can you imagine having to write a essay that's pages and pages long, all about something like "the environmental impact of lithium-ion battery production"? No thanks! That sounds like a total snoozefest.But the worst part might have been the listening section. The grown-ups had to listen to some people giving long, boring lectures about scientific concepts and junk. While they listened, they had to take notes and answer questions about what was said. If you ask me, that sounds like torture! Having to sit still and pay attention to some droning lecturer going on and on about "electromagnetic wave propagation" or whatever? I'd rather listen to nails on a chalkboard!Despite how insanely difficult this Big English Test was, I bet there were some grown-ups who actually enjoyed the challenge. Maybe they're just weird like that. But for most normal people, it probably felt like getting a gigantic brain freeze from thinking too hard!When it was all over, I'm sure the grown-ups were completely exhausted. They likely went home, flopped down on the couch, and took a well-deserved nap. Either that, or they went straight for the ice cream to numb the pain in their heads from dealing with all that crazy science English mumbo-jumbo!In the end, some of the grown-ups passed the Big English Test, while others... well, let's just say they might need to study a little harder next time. The ones who passed got extra credits and fancy titles to put on their office doors or whatever. The ones who failed probably had to go take the test again the following year. How awful!So the next time your parents or teachers get all worked up about you having to take a spelling quiz or some other test at school, just remind them: at least you don't have to take the Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering! Now that's a real nightmare. I'll take a simple multiplication test any day over that linguistic torture chamber!Just be glad you're a kid, and you don't have to worry about all that complicated grown-up nonsense. Not yet, anyway. For now, you can just kick back, relax, and be happy that the biggest test you have to take is probably the Scholastic Book Fair's "Who Can Read The Most Books This Summer?" contest. Now that's a competition I can get behind!篇6My Big English Test for Science and MathHi! My name is Timmy and I'm in 5th grade. A few weeks ago, I had to take a really big English test all about science and math stuff. It was for grown-ups who want to get a special title at their jobs, but I got to take it too since I'm super smart. Let me tell you all about it!The test was super long with lots of different sections. The first part had us read some passages and answer questions about them. Here's one of the reading passages:Climate Change and Global WarmingThe Earth's climate has gone through many natural changes over millions of years due to factors like variations in the Earth's orbit and volcanic activity releasing greenhouse gases. However,most scientists agree that the current period of climate change and global warming is being significantly accelerated by human activities that release additional greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.One of the main greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide (CO2). Since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, humans have been burning fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas for energy, releasing large amounts of CO2 into the air. Deforestation has also reduced the number of trees that can absorb CO2. The increased levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases trap more of the sun's heat in the Earth's atmosphere, causing global temperatures to rise.Some of the major impacts of global warming include rising sea levels, shrinking glaciers, changes in weather patterns, loss of biodiversity, and more extreme weather events like hurricanes, droughts and heat waves. Though climate change is a complex issue, most experts recommend reducing fossil fuel use and increasing energy efficiency to lower greenhouse gas emissions.After reading this, we had to answer some comprehension questions like:According to the passage, what are two main causes of climate change?A) Burning fossil fuels and deforestationB) Volcanic eruptions and cow fartsC) The Earth's orbit and sun spotsD) Acid rain and the ozone holeThe right answer is A - burning fossil fuels and deforestation are listed as two major human-caused sources of greenhouse gas emissions driving climate change.What is one impact of global warming mentioned in the passage?A) The common cold will be curedB) Rising sea levelsC) Cats and dogs living togetherD) Sprinklers will no longer be neededHere the correct answer is B - rising sea levels is listed as one of the impacts of global warming.Then there was a section testing our vocabulary, like deciding if given words had a positive, negative, or neutral meaning. That part was pretty easy for a genius like me.The hardest section was the writing part where we had to write a few different passages using scientific and technical terms. One question asked us to describe the process of aluminum smelting using words like oxides, electrolysis, molten, anodes, and cathodes. Here's what I wrote:The primary method of producing aluminum metal is through the smelting process. First, a dry aluminum oxide powder called alumina is dissolved in a molten salt bath kept at extremely high temperatures around 950°C. An powerful electric current is then passed through the molten solution, which causes electrolysis to occur.At the carbon anodes, oxygen is released from the alumina's oxide ions and vents away as gas. Meanwhile the free aluminum ions deposit at the cathodes, forming molten aluminum metal that collects at the bottom and can be siphoned off and cast into various shapes.I definitely got an A+ on that one! The graders probably thought they accidentally let a scientist into the exam room.There was also a big math section testing everything from algebra and geometry to statistics and calculus. One of the questions gave us some measurements and asked us to calculatethe volume of an object using the formula for the volume of a cylinder: V = πr^2hThe measurements were:Radius (r) = 12 cmHeight (h) = 28 cmSo we plug those values into the formula:V = π(12 cm)^2 (28 cm)= π(144 cm^2)(28 cm)= 12,672π cm^3Then we put that into our calculator and get the volume is about 39,788 cubic cm! The graders were probably very impressed with my math skills.Overall, it was a pretty tough test, but I'm pretty sure I aced it.I can't wait to get the results back so I can add "Professional Science Communicator" to my resume, right next to my certifications as a Jumpoline Tester and Key Lime Pie Eating Champion. Take that, all you grown-ups! This 5th grader is coming for your jobs!。

*【第三十四篇】 Batteries Built by Viruses （病毒电池）What do chicken pox, the common cold，the flu，and AIDS have in common? They're all disease caused by viruses，tiny microorganisms（微生物）that can pass from person to person. It’s no wonder1（难怪） that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of（绕开） viruses is what's on people's minds.水痘、普通感冒、流感和艾滋病有哪些相似之处呢？这些都是由病毒引起的疾病。

病毒是能够在人与人之间传染的微生物。

难怪大部分人一提到病毒，首先想到的是如何躲避病毒。

Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers, though.In Cambridge，Massachusetts4, scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work，teaching them to build some of the world’s smallest rechargeable（可充电的）batteries.然而，并不是每个人都躲避这些病毒携带者。

在马萨诸塞州剑桥市，科学家发现有些病毒能起到非同寻常的作用。

他们使病毒开始工作，使病毒构成世界上最小的充电电池。

Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher, who first came up with（提出） the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute（学院） of Technology（技术） (MIT) in Cambridge，she and her collaborators（合作者） bring together（融合、集合） different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries，the scientists combine（结合、联合） what they know about biology，technology and production techniques（方法、技巧）.病毒和电池的搭档似乎并不常见，但这对于工程师安吉拉·贝尔彻来说却并不陌生。

●●致职称英语孙老师课堂全体考生●●致职称英语孙老师课堂全体考生：惊悉：今年职称考试连完型仅剩的可怜的十五分也不留给大家了。

对大龄无基础的职称考试学员来说如晴天霹雳，悲催到了极致，我无语了。

我们仍抱希望静等成绩公布。

我们每天的生活不就是这样过的吗？没有希望我们的生活还剩下什么！我们的希望在于：1．根据有职称英语考试以来的经验，每当出题过难国家都会将及格线下放到五十分，尽管我不敢再相信经验，正像我在最后一课讲到的，通过职称的三因素之一是出题人的人品。

通过职称的三个要素1. 选择一个好的适合自己的方法2. 认真练习与总结3. 运气一、押题---阅读与完型,●●二、出题人的人品2.如果我们能在阅读中拿到36分的话职称英语考试六大题型解题顺序1. 第2部分阅读判断(共7分) 分数 4 22. 第4部分阅读理解(共45分) 分数33-3 6 273. 第6部分完型填空(共15分) 分数 4 64. 第1部分词汇选项(共15分) 分数1 2 105. 第3部分概括大意(共8分) 分数 4---6 26. 第5部分补全短文(共10分) 分数 4—6 2共64--702014年职称英语命题者对作弊出重拳整治——教材文章乱换题型，考生手忙脚乱2014年职称英语考试如期进行，全国职称英语考试带着可能会在书上出一篇阅读理解和一篇完形填空的美好期许走进考场。

当九点钟考卷发下来的时候，大部分考试开始冒虚汗，怎么也找不着书上的阅读理解和完形填空：2014年职称英语教材书上基本没考啥阅读理解和完形文章?!职称英语考试命题人坚持了13年的命题理念一夜之间轰然坍塌，从此职称英语命题就走入了“整人”新时代。

在此，职称英语变天命题其实也不完全是空穴来风，在今年的职称英语国家教材中就有一句话让我们这些培训教师敏感地嗅到了变天命题的气味。

当我们把这种概念传达给学生时，没人相信，以致于我们也怀疑自己说的是否正确了。

教材前言有一句话说：“报考A级的学员应该看A级、B级和C级的文章;报考B级的学员应该看B级和C级的文章”这样一句话，让我们都以为这次考试只是增加了A级和B级的复习范围，谁知道这回命题动真格了。

2014年理工类职称英语A级新增文章以及2013年未考文章阅读判断第十一篇Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity（A）I’ve always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted in1 my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.For as long as I can remember, I’ve loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.2 But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago，we had a vision of “a computer on every desk and in every home”, which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world.And they have.And after 30 years, I’m still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.I believe that computers are the most incredibletool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness —to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn’t solve on their own.Computers have transformed how we learn，giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world’s knowledge. They’re helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close tothe people who are important to us, no matter where they are.3Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work”4. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dancing to work”is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime’s worth of photos, and they say, “I didn’t know you could do that with a PC5! ”But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC，there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world6. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to8 improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesn’t take much to make an immense difference in these children’s livesI’m still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world’s toughest problems is possible —and it’s happening every day. We’re seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools，and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.I’m excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.词汇：unleash vt．解开；放纵；使自由inspire vt．鼓舞optimist n．乐观主义者incredible adj．难以置信的clunky (clonky) adj．发出沉闷金属声的curiosity n．好奇心inventiveness n.发明创造的能力teletype (teletype-writer) n.电传打字机poignant adj．令人悲痛的，可怜的tragic adj．悲剧的，悲惨的vision n．想象；幻想；美景immense adj．巨大的注释：1．be rooted in：扎根于；深深地存在于2．It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎干不了什么事。

第一篇Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label if they proved1 to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said. “Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight2 but we should be asking for more scientific information，” Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. ____1____A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3. 3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day3. ____2____As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density residential areas5. ____3____The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. ____4____ He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.____5____ According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health effects.注释：1．动词prove用的是过去式形式proved,这是一种虚拟语气表示假设的用法。

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: 2014 Professional English Level A Exam for Science and Engineering Majors: Questions and AnswersIntroduction:The Professional English Level A exam is an essential assessment for science and engineering professionals to demonstrate their English language proficiency. In 2014, the exam consisted of a variety of challenging questions designed to test the candidates' comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar skills. In this document, we will present a selection of questions from the 2014 exam along with the correct answers.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionQuestion 1: Read the following passage and answer the questions below.The passage discusses the importance of renewable energy sources in combating climate change. It highlights the benefitsof solar and wind power in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels.Question 2: Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?a) Renewable energy sources are not effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.b) Solar and wind power are examples of renewable energy sources.c) Fossil fuels are the best option for addressing climate change.d) Greenhouse gas emissions have no impact on the environment.Correct answer: b) Solar and wind power are examples of renewable energy sources.Section 2: VocabularyQuestion 1: Choose the synonym for the word "efficient."a) wastefulb) effectivec) unreliabled) lazyCorrect answer: b) effectiveQuestion 2: What is the opposite of the word "expand"?a) decreaseb) growc) developd) extendCorrect answer: a) decreaseSection 3: GrammarQuestion 1: Identify the error(s) in the following sentence:"The team are working together to complete the project on time."Correct answer: The error is in subject-verb agreement. The correct sentence should be: "The team is working together to complete the project on time."Question 2: Choose the correct tense for the following sentence:She ________(study) abroad last year.a) have studiedb) studiedc) studiesd) will studyCorrect answer: b) studiedConclusion:The 2014 Professional English Level A exam for science and engineering majors featured a range of challenging questions that tested candidates' reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar skills. By practicing with sample questions like the ones provided in this document, candidates can improve their English language proficiency and increase their chances of success on the exam. Good luck!篇22014职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The United States fund market represents more than one quarter of the world total fund assets. The US interested in new varieties of shares or government bonds that enable investors to share in profits or in investments. Different investment methods have different risks and profits. Those who invest in shares may get a high profit, but on the other hand the risks are also very high. This means that some investors can lose great amounts if the shares go down in value.In the United States the government also supports investors by giving tax credits. The payments on fund interest up to a certain amount are not taxed. It's necessary to use a securities broker to buy and sell shares. The broker works for a security company or a bank. Some people buy shares directly from the company that sells them. This is called a private purchase.1. What idea does passage 1 mainly convey?A. The United States fund market is the world's biggest.B. The purchasing and selling of shares are guaranteed by the US government.C. The United States fund market has high profits and shares assure not taxed profits.D. Shares and bonds are not the only categories in fund investments.2. The US government supports investors by giving tax credits in the form ofA. shares.B. funds.C. profits.D. interests.3. People who buy shares directly from the company are makingA. a private purchase.B. an interested decision.C. an essential risk.D. a financial achievement.4. What is the main disadvantage of investing in shares in the United States?A. The need to invest huge amounts.B. The risks may prevent high profits.C. The share interests are already taxed.D. The securities brokers charge high prices.5. According to the passage, returns on investing in shares includeA. higher profits.B. tax deductions.C. broker discounts.D. government securities.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.6. Her main interests are in personal computers and ______.A. softwareB. instead ofC. largeD. stations7. The institute advertised in the newspaper for a _______.A. working womanB. workmanC. clerk for workD. woman worker8. He arrived at the airport ______ then the plane left.A. untilB. everC. hardD. hardly9. I joined a club to share my _______ with other people.A. interestB. viewC. experiencingD. scene10. The professor is buried in his _______.A. language breakdownB. code wordsC. law booksD. elementary coursePart III Cloze (20%)Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Mankind knew that the earth was round. The fact that the world is round has been _______11_________ since the time of ancient Greece. China was _____12_____ of the last countries to realize this fact. A Chinese navigator _______13______ his crew sailed to the Western Regions in the ______14______ and discovered the world was indeed round and not _____15_____ as had been previously thought.During the European Renaissance, rediscovery of this fact was made by a European ______16______. He advanced his hypothesis ______17______ examining the rising and setting of thesun. His sharp observation was based on scientific study, on historical records and _____18_____ that the world was a sphere. He ______19______ arranged a voyage around the world. He traveled _____20______ the sea from Western Europe, passed through the Strait of Magellan, and finally arrived in the Pacific Ocean. This journey _____21______ the fact that the world is round. In this way an old belief was corrected and a misconception cleared up.Who was this world renowned navigator? You've guessed correctly, it was none other than ChristopherColumbus____22____ put this viewpoint into practice.11. A. consideredB. thoughtC. knownD. decided12. A. singleB. oneC. firstD. only13. A. allB. combineC. along withD. or14. A. seaB. skyC. windD. ocean15. A. flatB. aroundC. straightD. lane16. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that17. A. byB. throughC. forD. with18. A. a true discoveryB. by convictionC. factD. informed19. A. eagerlyB. hurriedlyC. sharplyD. thinked20. A. onB. overC. acrossD. through21. A. clarifiedB. understoodC. spelledD. proved22. A. whoB. thereforeC. butD. wasPart IV Translation (10%)Directions: Translate the following passage into English.百度成立于2000年，是全球最大的中文搜索引擎。

2014年职称英语（理工类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板含翻译第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict 文章名称问题答案World CrudeOil Production May Peak aDecade Earlier Than Some Predict 2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier ThanSome Predict （理C）1）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "sparked"appearing in paragraph 2?2）The term "a bell shaped curve" appearing in paragraph 2indicates that global oil production will3）Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?4）What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in thelast paragraph?5）Who develop the new version of the Hubbert mode!?2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier ThanSome Predict （理C）1）stimulated2）start to decline after global oil production peaks.3）It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production.4）It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014..5）Kuwaiti scientists.世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值2．世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值（理C）①下列__________和第二段中的点燃的意思最接近。

2012年职称英语理工类新增A级文章篇目阅读理解（2篇）+四＋五篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"完形填空（2篇）+十三篇Solar Power without Solar Cells+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、完形填空请参见第#页；第四＋五篇Small But Wise小而聪明On December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is 12月14日，美国国家航空航天局发射了一个体积小而威力大的望远镜，它的名字叫“WISE”(聪明)called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has 大约只有一个垃圾盒子那么宽。

你可千万不要轻视这个小东西，WISE可是一款高强数码相机a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the known 它将在人类已知的宇宙里拍摄任何你所universe,including asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planets 能想到的天体，包括小行星、那些只能看到微弱的光和因燃烧而无法观察到的天and stars are born.体，以及自行星和恒星诞生以来的巨大尘埃云"I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen Ned Wright是主持WISE项目的科学家他说：“我十分兴奋，因为我们就before,"said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.要看到以前从未看到过的那部分宇宙”。

2014职称英语新增文章理工类A阅读判断新增文章第十四篇：Stage FrightFall down as you come onstage. That's an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic,Mr. Feltsman said, "Allmy fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?"Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal withperformance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms:icy fingers, shaky limbs ,racing heart,blank mind.Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out, to mental discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don't deny that you're jittery ,they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience.Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests' some strategies for the moments before performance, "Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile," she says. "And not one of these 'please don't kill me' smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the audience, people you would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them. " She doesn't want performers to think of the audience as a judge.Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright, says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve. .When Lynn Harrell was 20, he became the principal cellist of the Cleverland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. "There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where I thought, ' If I have to go through this to play music, I think I' m going to look for another job. Recovery, he said, involved developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible, and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster. 6It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz's nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example. "They had to push him on stage," Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.Actually, success can make things worse. "In the beginning of your career,when you're scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don't have any expectations," Soprano June Anderson said. "There's less to lose. Later on, when you're known, p.eople are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose. "Anderson added, "I never stop being nervous until I've sung my last note. "注释：1．Stage Fright：怯场2．The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre—performance panic．资深大提琴家Mstislav Rostropovich故意把Vladimir Feltsman绊倒，因而治愈了他的上台前的恐惧症。