看不见的人Summary of Invisible Man

The Invisible Man第一章神秘的陌生人第十五章狂奔的人第二章钟表匠的看法第十六章快乐的板球手旅馆第三章千奇百怪的瓶子第十七章有客来访第四章卡斯医生历险记第十八章肯普医生的困惑第五章离奇的失窃案第十九章隐身的秘密第六章发疯的家具第二十章痛苦的隐身过程第七章陌生人的真面目第二十一章隐身人逛牛津街第八章自然学家的奇遇第二十二章百货商场脱险记第九章隐身人找到了新助手第二十三章巧妙的伪装第十章马维尔先生造访伊平村第二十四章计划失败第十一章隐身人又来了第二十五章紧急追捕第十二章大发雷霆的隐身人第二十六章威克斯蒂德凶杀案第十三章我要辞职第二十七章肯普医生是个英雄第十四章会飞的钱第二十八章多行不义终自毙Book DescriptionThe Invisible Man is a famous 1897 science fiction novel(la) by H.G. Wells. Wells's novel was originally serialized in Pearson's Magazine in 1897, and published as a novel the same year. The Invisible Man of the title is "Griffin", a scientist who theorizes that if a person's refractive index is changed to exactly that of air and his body does not absorb or reflect light, then he will not be visible. He successfully carries out this procedure on himself, but cannot become visible again, becoming mentally unstable as a result.Publisher Comments:Spine-tingling and entertaining, The Invisible Man is a science fiction classic–and a penetrating, unflinching look into the heart of human nature. To its author, H. G. Wells, the novel was as compelling as ―a good gripping dream.‖ But to generations of readers, the terrible and evil experiment of the demented scientist, Griffin, has conveyed a chilling nightmare of believable horror. An atmosphere of ever-increasing suspense begins with the arrival of a mysterious stranger at an English village inn and builds relentlessly to the stark terror of a victim pursued by a maniacal invisible man. The result is a masterwork: a dazzling display of the brilliant imagination, psychological insight, and literary craftsmanship that made H.G. Wells one of the most influential writers of his time.Introduction:The Invisible Man is a science fiction novella by H.G. Wells published in 1897. Wells' novel was originally serialised in Pearson's Magazine in 1897, and published as a novel the same year. The Invisible Man of the title is Griffin, a scientist who theorises that if a person's refractive index is changed to exactly that of air and his body does not absorb or reflect light, then he will be invisible. He successfully carries out this procedure on himself, but cannot become visible again, becoming mentally unstable as a result.Plot Summary:The book starts in the English village of Iping in West Sussex, as curiosity and fear are started up in the inhabitants when a mysterious stranger arrives to stay at the local inn, The Coach and Hor ses. The stranger wears a long, thick coat, gloves, his face is hidden entirely by bandages, large goggles, and awide-brimmed hat. The stranger is extremely reclusive and demands to be left alone, spending most of his time in his room working with a set of chemicals and laboratory apparatus, only venturing out at night. He quickly becomes the talk of the village as he unnerves the locals.Meanwhile, a series of mysterious burglaries occur in the village in which the victims catch no sight of the thief. One morning when the innkeepers pass the stranger's room, they enter in curiosity when they notice the stranger's clothes are scattered all over the floor but the stranger is nowhere to be seen. The furniture seems to spring alive and the bedclothes and a chair leap into mid-air and push them out of the room. Later in the day Mrs. Hall confronts the stranger about this, and the stranger reveals that he is invisible, removing his bandages and goggles to reveal nothing beneath. As Mrs. Hall flees in horror, the police attempt to catch the stranger, but he throws off all his clothes and escapes.The Invisible Man flees to the downs, where he frightens a tramp, Thomas Marvel, with his invisibility and forces him to become his lab assistant. Together with Marvel, he returns to the village where Marvel steals the Invisible Man's books and apparatus from the inn while the Invisible Man himself steals the doctor's and vicar's clothes. But after the theft, Marvel attempts to betray the Invisible Man to the police, and the Invisible Man chases after him, threatening to kill him.Marvel flees to the seaside town of Burdock where he takes refuge in an inn. The Invisible Man attempts to break in through the back door but he is overheard and shot by a black-bearded American, and flees the scene badly injured. He enters a nearby house to take refuge and dress his wound. The house turns out to belong to Dr. Kemp, whom the Invisible Man recognises, and he reveals to Kemp his true identity — Griffin, a brilliant medical student with whom Kemp studied at university.Mr. Griffin explains to his old friend Kemp that after leaving university he was desperately poor. Determined to achieve something of scientific significance, he began to work on an experiment to make people and objects invisible, using money stolen from his own father, who committed suicide after being robbed by his son. Griffin experimented with a formula that altered the refractive index of objects, which resulted in light not bending when passing through the object, thereby making it invisible. He performed the experiment using a cat, but when the cat's owner, Griffin's neighbor, realized the cat was missing, she made a complaint to their landlord, and Griffin wound up performing the invisibility procedure on himself to hide from them. Griffin theorizes part of the reason he can be invisible stems from the fact he is albino, mentioning that food becomes visible in his stomach and remains so until digested, with the bizarre image passing through air in the meantime.After burning the boarding house down to cover his tracks, he felt a sense of invincibility from being invisible. However, reality soon proved that sense misguided. After struggling to survive out in the open, he stole some clothing from a dingy backstreet shop and took residence at the Coach & Horses inn to reverse the experiment. He then explains to Kemp that he now plans to begin a Reign of Terror (The First Y ear of the Invisible Man), using his invisibility to terrorize the nation with Kemp as his secret confederate.Realizing that Griffin is clearly insane, Kemp has no plans to help him and instead alerts the police. When the police arrive, Griffin violently assaults Kemp and a policeman before escaping, and the next day he leaves a note on Kemp's doorstep announcing that Kemp will be the first man killed in the Reign of Terror. Kemp remains cool and writes a note to the Colonel, detailing a plan to use himself as bait to trap the Invisible Man, but as a maidservant attempts to deliver the note she is attacked by Griffin and the note is stolen.Just as the police accompany the attacked maid back to the house, the Invisible Man breaks in through the back door and makes for Kemp. Keeping his head cool, Kemp bolts from the house and runs down the hill to the town below, where he alerts a navvy that the Invisible Man is approaching. The crowd in the town, witnessing the pursuit, rally around Kemp. When Kemp is pinned down by Griffin, the navvy strikes him with a spade and knocks him to the ground, and he is violently assaulted by theworkers. Kemp calls for the mob to stop, but it is too late. The Invisible Man dies of the injuries he has received, and his naked and battered body slowly becomes visible on the ground after he dies. Later it is revealed that Marvel has Griffin's notes, with the invisibility formula written in a mix of Russian and Greek which he cannot read, and with some pages washed out.Analysis of the Characters:GriffinGriffin is a brilliant research scientist who discovers a formula that makes a human being invisible. The formula entails taking opium and another drug, which make his blood clear, then processing him in a radiator engine. It succeeds, but he finds himself unable to reverse the process. Unlike the character in the 1933 film, the Griffin of the novel is possibly a psychopath, even before he makes himself invisible. Dr. KempDr. Kemp is a scientist living in the town of Port Burdock. He is an old friend of Griffin, who comes to his house to hide after Griffin's transformation into the "invisible man." Kemp has a hard time accepting the fact that his friend, who he had not seen for years, suddenly appears uninvited and invisible, but eventually he overcomes his shock and sits down and talks with Griffin and betrays him.Narrative-wise, Kemp then allows Griffin to relate the story of how he began his experiments, and all that happened to him between his arrival on his old friend's doorstep and then. Kemp, realizing that Griffin is insane with power, is quick to summon Colonel Adye of the Port Burdock police. Adye fails to apprehend Griffin, who escapes and brands Kemp a traitor, vowing to kill him.Despite the death threat, Kemp is no coward, and actively assists and advises Adye in quest to find and apprehend the Invisible Man while the police colonel serves as his bodyguard. Eventually Griffin overpowers Adye and comes after Kemp, who, rushing through the streets of Port Burdock, rouses the townspeople into a mob which attacks the Invisible Man and brings his reign of terror to an end.Mr. HallMr. Hall is the husband of Mrs. Hall and helps her run the Coach and Horses Inn. He is the first person in Iping to notice that the mysterious Griffin is invisible: when a dog bites him and tears his glove, Griffin retreats to his room and Hall follows to see if he is all right, only to see Griffin without his glove and handless (or so it appears to Hall).Mr. Hall appears in the 1933 Universal film adaptation, where he is given the first name Herbert and seriously injured by Griffin. In the film, he is portrayed by Forrester Harvey.Mrs. HallMrs. Hall is the wife of Mr. Hall and the owner of the Coach and Horses Inn.A very friendly, down-to-earth woman who enjoys socializing with her guests, Mrs. Hall is continually frustrated by the mysterious Griffin's refusal to talk with her, and his repeated temper tantrums.Mrs. Hall appears in the 1933 Universal film adaptation, where she was played by Una O'Connor and given the first name Jenny. In the film version, her primary occupation is to scream.Thomas MarvelThomas Marvel is a jolly old tramp unwittingly recruited to assist the Invisible Man as his first visible partner. He carries around the Invisible Man's scientific notebooks for him and, eventually, a large sum of money that Griffin had stolen from a bank. Eventually Thomas grows afraid of his unseen partner and flees to Port Burdock, taking both the notebooks and the money with him, where he seeks police protection.Although the Invisible Man is furious and vows to kill Thomas for his betrayal, and even makes an attempt on his life before being driven off by a police officer, he becomes preoccupied with hiding from the law and retaliating against Dr. Kemp, and Thomas is spared.Marvel eventually uses the stolen money to open his own inn, which he calls the Invisible Man, and becomes very wealthy. He also secretly studies Griffin's notes, fancying that one day he will figure out the secret of invisibility. However, he cannot read the foreign language that Griffin has written it in, and some pages have been washed clean after being in a ditch.In Alan Moore's comics series The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, in which Griffin is a major character, people have suggested that Marvel may have been the man killed by a mob at the end of the original novel, after being substituted by Griffin himself. The only problem with this suggestion is, as Campion Bond introduces the league to Griffin, he commented Griffin made a half-wit albino invisible first.Marvel does not appear in the 1933 film.Col. AdyeCol. Adye is the chief of police in the town of Port Burdock. He is called upon by Dr. Kemp when the Invisible Man turned up in Kemp's house talking of taking over the world with his "terrible secret" of invisibility. A very able-bodied and reliable officer, Adye not only saves Kemp from the Invisible Man's first attempt on his life but also spearheads the hunt for the unseen fugitive.He is eventually shot by the Invisible Man with Kemp's revolver. Upon being shot, Adye is described as falling down and not getting back up. However, he is mentioned in the epilogue as being one of those who had questioned Thomas Marvel about the whereabouts of the Invisible Man's notebooks, and is never made clear whether this occurred prior to his being shot, or if it occurred afterwards and Adye survived.Dr. CussDr. Cuss is a doctor living in the town of Iping.Intrigued by tales of a bandaged stranger staying at the Coach and Horses Inn, Dr. Cuss goes to see him under the pretense of asking for a donation to the nurse's fund. The strange man, Griffin, scares Cuss away by pinching his nose with his invisible hand. Cuss went immediately to see Rev. Bunting, who not surprisingly did not believe the doctor's wild story.Later, after Griffin had been exposed as The Invisible Man, Cuss and Bunting got ahold of his notebooks, but these were stolen back from them by the invisible Griffin, who took both men's clothes. Although the unlucky Reverend had all his clothing stolen by Griffin, Cuss only lost his trousers.J. A. JaffersJ. A. Jaffers is a constable in the town of Iping. He is called upon by Mr. and Mrs. Hall to arrest Griffin after they suspected him of robbing the Reverend Bunting. Like most of the people in Iping, Jaffers was both openminded and adaptable - He overcame his shock at the discovery that Griffin was invisible quickly, determined to arrest him in spite of this.Jaffers appears in the 1933 Universal film adaptation.The Rev Mr BuntingThe Rev Mr Bunting is a vicar in the town of Iping. Dr. Cuss went to see him following his first encounter with Griffin. Bunting laughed at Cuss' claims of an invisible hand pinching his nose, but the next night his home was burgled by the Invisible Man himself.Later, Bunting and Cuss tried to read Griffin's notes but were stopped by the Invisible Man, who stole their clothes. Although Cuss escaped missing only his trousers, Bunting had his entire wardrobe purloined.。

浅析《看不见的人》之第一人称回顾性叙述及效果摘要拉尔夫·埃里森的巨作《看不见的人》，标志着黑人文学的日趋成熟。

作者采用第一人称叙述通过经验自我与叙述自我两种视角的对比展现主人公从黑暗到光明、从无知到觉醒的发展轨迹。

叙述者通过不同的叙述手法取得了交叉模糊、直观以及造成悬念等艺术效果。

关键词：《看不见的人》经验自我叙述自我效果中图分类号：i106.4 文献标识码：a拉尔夫·埃里森所著的巨作《看不见的人》标志着黑人文学的日趋成熟。

《看不见的人》的叙述者是一位美国的年轻黑人，叙述者讲述了他从美国南北不同的地方不断追寻自我身份的曲折经历，“从黑暗到光明，从无知到觉醒”的过程。

自从小说发表以来，一直受到许多学者的关注，并且有大量的研究成果问世，但大部分是从黑人文化、意识形态与音乐性等方面进行评论，几乎没有人注意《看不见的人》恢弘的叙述构筑思维，以及“故事”和“话语”的完美结合。

一第一人称回顾性叙述的双重聚焦叙述视角也称叙述聚集，是叙述语言中对故事内容进行观察和讲述的特定角度。

同样的事件从不同的角度看去就可能呈现出不同的面貌，在不同的人看来也会有不同的意义。

第一人称叙述的作品中的叙述者同时又是故事中的一个角色，叙述视角因此而移入作品内部，成为内在式焦点叙述。

热奈特在《叙述话语》一文中明确提出了叙述声音和叙述眼光两者之间的区别：“叙述声音”就是叙述者的声音；“叙述眼光”则指充当叙述视角的眼光，既可以是叙述者的本人的眼光也可以是其他人物的眼光。

他还提出了评论界有名的三分法，即内聚焦、外聚焦、零聚焦。

里蒙-凯南提出了第一人称回顾性叙述特有的双重聚焦：“经验自我”和“叙述自我”两种不同视角。

埃里森在小说《看不见的人》中选用了主人公第一人称回顾性的叙事视角，小说一开始就以第一人称叙事的方式把故事结局展示在读者眼前，使得读者在阅读过程中更加关心的是主人公的成长过程而不是小说的结局。

《看不见的人》是一部自传性的小说，经验自我和叙述自我从不同的角度讲述了同一个故事。

毕业论文题目The Pathetic Negro —Analysis ofProtagonist’s Mentality in Invisible Man 专业英语语言文学___年级2011级_ 学生姓名Hyleehom学号******** __ 指导教师周云川2013-12可怜的黑人——《看不见的人》中主人公的心理分析专业：英语语言文学姓名：hyleehom指导教师：周云川摘要：美国黑人作家拉尔夫·艾里森的小说《看不见的人》出版于1952年，它讲述了一位在白人主宰的社会里,没有任何的社会地位，没有人承认他的存在的黑人青年，在自我探索的过程中遭遇各种挫折的悲惨故事。

本文以黑人时代的背景和小说《看不见的人》的创作背景为前提，将主人公自我探索的心理状态分为积极、挣扎和绝望三个阶段，通过分析每个阶段主人公成长经历中的心理状态的表现，以及主人公对于自我认识的阶段性心理变化的原因，揭露出当时社会，黑人境况的困惑与命运的悲哀。

关键字：《看不见的人》，黑人，困境，自我，探索The Pathetic Negro——Analysis of Protagonist’s M entality in Invisible ManMajor: English Language and Literature Name: hyleehomSupervisor: Zhou YunchuanAbstract:American Negro writer, Ralph Ellison's novel Invisible Man, published in 1952, tells a story that a black youngster, who is ignored by society in the white-dominated society, searches for who he is. And in his self-exploring, he encounters so many troubles. This paper, premised on Negro background and creating background of the novel, divides the process of the protagonist’s mentality into 3 stages —hope, struggle and desperation, and then analyzes the protagonist’s mental behaviors in his growing experiences and reasons why he shows the mental behaviors so as to draw a conclusion about the plight of Negro and the misery of their fate.Key words:Invisible Man; Negro; Plight; Self; ExplorationCONTENTSIntroduction (1)Chapter 1 Background (2)1.1 Introduction of Negro (2)1.2 Creation Background of the Novel (2)Chapter 2 Stage with Hope (4)2.1 Behaviors with Hope (4)2.2 Reasons for His Behaviors (5)2.3 Conclusion of This Stage (6)Chapter 3 Stage in Struggle (8)3.1 Struggling Behaviors (8)3.2 Reasons for His Behaviors (9)3.2.1 Social Phenomenon (9)3.2.2 The Efforts and the Result (9)Chapter 4 Stage in Desperation (11)4.1 Desperate Behaviors (11)4.2 Reasons for His Behaviors (12)Conclusion (14)The Pathetic Negro——Analysis of Protagonist’s M entality in Invisible ManIntroductionRalph Ellison (1914 - 1994), is known as one of the most distinguished Black writers in the history of American literature. He is among the list of the most influential and successful writers, in the contemporary United States of America. In 1992, Ellison was awarded a special achievement award from the Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards. Ellison was also an accomplished sculptor, musician, photographer and college professor. He taught at Bard College, Rutgers University, the University of Chicago, and New York University. Ellison was also a charter member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers. Professor Margolies considers Invisible Man a recapitulation of the entire history of the Negro, presenting a view of life described by Ellison himself as blues. [1]Invisible Man is a novel by Ralph Ellison, published by Random House in 1952. It addresses many of the social and intellectual issues facing African-Americans early in the twentieth century, including black nationalism, the relationship between black identity and Marxism, and the reformist racial policies of Booker T. Washington, as well as issues of individuality and personal identity.Invisible Man won the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction in 1953.[2]In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Invisible Man nineteenth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.[3]Time magazine included the novel in its TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005. [4]This paper will analyze the protagonist’s mentality in self-exploring to discuss the main reasons why the Negro is pathetic.Chapter 1Background1.1 Introduction of NegroSince the 16th century, blacks had been sold as commodity from Africa to America and treated as slaves, which treaded their rights underfoot and was also a sad tragedy to all human. The blacks are considered as poor, lazy, dirty criminals and violent in the white’s eyes. And they are enslaved, oppressed and discriminated in the society. Firstly, the majority of blacks are deprived of the right to vote. Besides, they have to be normally engaged in the heavy and the most despised job, while their average wage is only one third or half of the white’s and they have the highest unemployment rate. In many states, they can not study in the same school with the white, not have meals in the same table with the white and not travel by the same bus or train. Moreover, the United States government, the Ku Klux Klan and other racists often arrest, torture and kill the blacks at will. There, the eleven states in southern United States, gathers about fifty percent blacks and their life being discriminated and persecuted is particularly appalling.Invisible Man is just one of the black classic literatures in contemporary American which reflects the Negro issues.1.2 Creation Background of the NovelPublished in 1952, Invisible Man explores the theme of man's search for his identity and place in society, as seen from the perspective of an unnamed black man in the New York City of the 1930s. In contrast to his contemporaries such as Richard Wright and James Baldwin, Ralph Ellison created characters that are dispassionate, educated, articulate, and self-aware. Through the protagonist, Ralph Ellison explores the contrasts between the Northern and Southern varieties of racism and their alienating effect. The narrator is "invisible" in a figurative sense, in that "people refuse to see" him, and also experiences a kind of dissociation. The novel, with itstreatment of taboo issues such as incest and the controversial subject of communism, won the 1953 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. [1]Ralph Ellison says in his introduction to the 30th Anniversary Edition, that he started to write what would eventually become Invisible Man in a barn in Waitsfield, Vermont in the summer of 1945 while on sick leave from the Merchant Marine. The letters he wrote to fellow novelist Richard Wright as he started working on the novel provide evidence for its political context: the disillusion with the Communist Party that he and Wright shared. In a letter to Wright August 18, 1945, Ellison poured out his anger toward party leaders for betraying African Americans and Marxist class politics during the war years. "If they want to play ball with the bourgeoisie they needn't think they can get away with it.... Maybe we can't smash the atom, but we can, with a few well chosen, well written words, smash all that crummy filth to hell." [5] In the wake of this disillusion, Ellison began writing Invisible Man, a novel that was, in part, his response to the party's betrayal.Chapter 2Stage with Hope2.1 Behaviors with HopeThe protagonist, a docile slave, has neither the name nor the identity at that time, because he is an American Negro. At the beginning, he is seventeen or eighteen years old. And for his successfully speech at high school’s commencement, the protagonist is invited to atten d to prominent figures party. In fact, it is the informal men’s social assembly. To grab the chance to have a speech again, the protagonist joins in a Negro’s game — he and other Negro kids have to fight with each other. Putting up with the sufferings, he wins a briefcase as a prize. After that, he takes pride in the game. Furthermore, he believes he can succeed as long as he is hard-working. “I wanted to deliver my speech more than anything else in the world, because I felt that only these men could judge truly my ability, and now this stupid clown was ruining my chances.”[6] Obviously, his behavior tells that his ignorant hope comes from what he believes — obedience to the white.When entering the Negro college, the protagonist wins recognition from Bledsoe, the headmaster, which seems perfect as he wishes. One day, the protagonist drives a car to Black area with a member of the white board of trustees of the college. On the way to the Black of the slave-quarter section, the protagonist takes the guest to a bar, where there is full of prostitutes and madmen. Owing to the ignominious side in Black of the slave-quarter section to be seen by the respected guest, unfortunately, the protagonist is expelled for disobeying school rules. Before Bledsoe expels him, the protagonist believes in the principles of the Founder with all his heart and soul, and that he believes in Bledsoe’s goodness and kindness in extending the hand of benevolence to helping poor, ignorant people out of the mire and darkness.[7] Bledsoe persuades him to find a job in North and writes a recommendation for him. And the protagonist appreciates what Bledsoe does for him. He even gives himself a reason that he should be punished to comfort himself. Then the protagonist does all whatBledsoe tells him. However, all he gets is the rejection. When he knows the fact of the recommendation letter in which Bledsoe writes — not to give the Negro any chance to get a job, he is fully confused and hurt. In short, his obedience to White and his humility show his ignorant hope; he sees the good in people and has too beautiful and unreal dream.2.2 Reasons for His BehaviorsIn Invisible Man，the American Dream has been a crucial factor leading to the protagonist’s psych ological conflicts and his initiation．Although the blacks’ actual social status is low and living conditions are miserable, after they have been announced to be free, most of the African Americans still hold that they can rank among the mainstream society through their humiliation and diligence.[8] As an intelligent, deeply introspective and highly gifted young man, the protagonist, without exception, surely has his own ideals and ambitions — he wants to be another“ Booker T．Washington” in the educational circle. He has been occupied with the dream throughout every stage of his initiation. Thus, all his behaviors and efforts are aiming at this target, which leads up to his habitual thinking and final disillusionment. At the beginning of the story, he and other black children are stripped their coats and blindfolded, picking up the coins in an electrified blanket. Thereafter, he will get a scholarship to a black school. As he imagines that his humility and hard-working will make him stand out in the crowd，he seems to have deeply devoted himself to a myth or a fairy tale. So he just obeys the rules the white set for his American dream.The Negro's grandfather is a former slave, usually with humility and obedience. And his grandfather is respected by the black and appreciated by the white. The protagonist is also affected by his grandfather. At first, he wins the so-called “success”through his humility and obedience. After a series of events, he is always lost in thought about himself admitting his original nature and his grandfa ther’s last wor ds about silent enduring. Besides, the cruelty of the reality prompts him to remember hisgrandfather’s admonition. Though he does not know the real intention of his grandfather, he decides to take some actions and test his advice. “I’d overcome them with yeses, undermine them with grins. I’d agre e them to death and destruction (I)would hide my anger and lull them to sleep; assure them that the community was in full agreement with their program…”[6]2.3 Conclusion of This StageAs a black man, it is the invisible man who has been thinking about the problem how to find his own identity in the white dominated society. As the offspring of the former slaves，when he begins to relate his story, the protagonist concludes: “ I am not ashamed of my grandparents for having been slaves. I am only ashamed of myself for having at one time been ashamed.’’[6]Obviously, the protagonist has realized the importance of his race and its tradition after he has experienced so much. As early as those pre-invisible days, the protagonist has visualized himself as a potential Booker T. Washington, so unconsciously he is ashamed of his race and the past. There is no doubt that in the Battle Royal episode, he “felt superior to them(other Black boys) in my wa y, and I didn’t like the manner in which we were all crowded together into the servants’ elevator.” [6]At the beginning of the story, the protagonist even has no independent personality. His confusions are caused by his naive and ignorance. Under the infl uence of the White’s education, he always considers to cater for the White’s taste. Besides, he rejects to his own national culture. In the southern United States, at that time, the protagonist resigns himself to adversity. He accepts all insults and humiliations silently, in order to find a space for one person living in the existing social. The protagonist says:“I was naive. I was looking for myself and asking everyone except myself questions which I, and only I, could answer. It took me a long time and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to achieve a realization everyone else appear to have been born with: That I am nobody but myself”[6] Since suffering from much pain, he has to initiate to consider his own fate. Why is he whohas such a terrible life? When he knows who Bledsoe really is, he makes a decision that he no longer depends on anybody. He feels the whole world neglect him and his life is filled with lies. This stage is his first step to his self-searching — he makes a decision that he will prove himself in his future job on his own.Chapter 3Stage in Struggle3.1 Struggling BehaviorsFortunately, the protagonist finds his first job in a paint factory by using another one’s name. There he is sent to make the paint whiter by putting ten drops of ‘black drop’ into white paint. However, the protagonist makes a mistake by adding the wrong black liquid. It is in the factory that the protagonist has learnt something about the reality:“ I had a feeling that something had gone wrong…either I had played a trick on Kimbro, my boss or he, like the trustees and Bledsoe, was playing one on me…”[6] It all goes to show that the invisible man is not ready to fight against the society, for he has not been awakened completely yet. After that, he goes to the furnace room. There he is wrongly guided for some reason, which leads to a boiler explosion. Later, the protagonist is sent to a hospital and a doctor carries an operation on his brain, which marks a turning point actually. When he wakes up, he remembers nothing. Moreover, he does not know who he is.While the protagonist recovers from his operation, he lodges in a friendly Negro lady Mary’s home. The lady lives in New York, however, she still insists on who she is and keeps her own nature. What Mary does and what Mary says make the protagonist recall his life in South. Happily, he gets rid of the sense of disgust towards Negro’s life and he does not need to cater to the White. Gradually, he begins to realize and accept himself. Once a time, he witnesses the eviction of an old Black couple．For his experiences in the Harlem district, it seems to see himself evicted. Using his power of speech，he makes a passionate speech，which starts a small demonstration and a full-scale riot. Subsequently, a political organization, the Brotherhood, employs him as a spokesman for the Harlem district. The protagonist needs to live a life on his own, not the Negro lady, so he accepts the offer in the end, which means he abandons the real him he just finds.The Brotherhood gives him a new identity, pays off his rental and provides hima new accommodation. These treatments make him overjoyed and he takes the organization as his new dreamful place. Because he is becoming another person and he is gaining recognition. In fact, The Brotherhood is an organization which stresses absolute obedience. What the protagonist will do must follow the rules the white boss has set with no doubt. He has not realized that he is just their tool. The protagonist has worked so hard that gradually he has established his fame as a spokesman. But as we all know life never goes as we wish. The protagonist is faced with undeserved accusation who declares that the protagonist is an opportunist and wants to use the Brotherhood movement to advance his own interest. Later, he is forced to give up his assignment in Harlem district.[9]3.2 Reasons for His Behaviors3.2.1 Social PhenomenonAfter being forced to the United States with suffering from the oppression and exploitation more than two hundred years, blacks gradually lost the independent character and the spirit of resistance. In order to survive in the harsh living conditions under brutal and inhuman oppression, they have to resign themselves to adversity —not to fight and be grateful after suffering from pains. For a long time, Negro struggle between assimilation and keeping self, as Dubois said: In the American society, every black man can feel his own duality as an American and Negro — every slave has two souls, two thoughts, two competitions to reconcile and two ideological struggles in one black body. Despite the end of the civil war gains "free" status for black, this freedom does not means the blacks get rid of the oppressed, discriminated fate. Most different, their being oppressed and discriminated is no longer as slavery period as the physical torture, but a kind of spiritual maltreatment and penetrates into all aspects of their life.3.2.2 The Efforts and the ResultThe second stage is his self-struggling. From the paint factory, Mary’s home tothe Brotherhood, the protagonist does his best to make himself visible. We can easily see that every time he has a dream, he has troubles. Then he begins to think about his present life. No matter how to adapt his attitude towards his life, he just cannot get what he wants.In the paint factory, the protagonist only needs to work fast but carefully because “the least thing done incorrectly would cause trouble”[10] Later, the protagonist is sent to the furnace room in the basement to assist a Black engineer. He gradually comes to realize the frustrating fact that coming to the North — the land of freedom — fails to make him gain his individuality. The boiler explodes and the protagonist falls unconsciously under a pile of machinery. He is not only physically injured, but also psychologically. He has overlooked the fact that the road of initiation is full of ordeals and even blacks can betray blacks, even though they are all negligible in the minds of the white people. When he becomes one member of the Brotherhood, he seems to find a new opportunity and begins to work for the Brotherhood with the same single-minded faith that he has brought to the college and to New York. This period of experience, again implies his unquestioning willingness to do what is required of him by others as a way to success.[11] The protagonist has subtly sensed that his own past experiences might teach him about the present condition: “ I knew of some things he didn’t know. Let him find someone else. He only wanted to use me for something. Everybody wanted to use you for some purpose. Why should he want me as a speaker? Let him make his own speeches. I headed for home, feeling a growing satisfaction that I has dismissed him so completely.”[6]It is clear to see that he has suspected the Brotherhood’s ideals at the very beginning, but ultimately is seduced by the Brotherhood because it provides him with a system of belief which makes him significant. He cannot resist the seducement of finding some meaning in the world. Indeed, he initially sees through the tricks of the organization, yet he consciously prevents him from looking at the organization with any skepticism, and his self-deception makes himself vulnerable once again to the betrayal.[12]Chapter 4Stage in Desperation4.1 Desperate BehaviorsIt is not long before the protagonist is ordered to be back in Harlem district. Because Clifton, another spokesman and leader before just like him, is missing. The protagonist holds members related together to look for Clifton. In fact, after the invisible man leaves Harlem district, Clifton is not willing to be a doll controlled by the White and he chooses to get rid of the Brotherhood. The protagonist feels quite ashamed of what he does, so he sells black dolls in street. It symbolizes not only his self taunt, but a reminder to others. On the way to looking for Clifton, the invisible man witnesses the scene that Clifton is shot by a white cop in the daylight. On seeing the miserable death of Clifton, the protagonist realizes that he can never deny his responsibility for his race any more. For the first time, the protagonist realizes the significance and necessity of his struggle: “We have got to fight…We must remember now that we are fighters, and in such incidents we must see the meaning of our struggle. We must strike back.”[6]The protagonist then plans a public funeral for Clifton in the hope of organizing the Black community, which differs strikingly from the Brotherhood’s decision, because he places such a premium on individuality and race. In the organization, one has to act by following the discipline and discipline is sacrifice. Yes, and blindness.[13] Within the Brotherhood, he is as invisible as he used to be. He is only a tool and a doll which is used and manipulated by the organization. The protagonist realizes that he will find no purpose or meaning for his life by upholding the Brotherhood's ideology. It is Clifton’s death that shocks him into stimulating his inner struggle and considering his own condition.He finally resolves to undercut the ga me(the Brotherhood’s)by pretending to play it. His betrayals have made him believe that no ideology and no institution are completely reliable. Therefore, the protagonist disguises him as Rinehart to circumvent the problems of being himself and to enjoy the benefits of being others.The protagonist believes that he will protect himself from further deception and frustration by feigning compliance. This strategy works for a spell of time. He tells the leaders only those things which they wish to hear and reinstates himself in the Brotherhood. During the Harlem riot，however, he is astonished to find that his false compliance has made things worse. Unknowingly, he has been implicated in a conspiracy. In the riot, he is caught up in a plan to bum down a tenement building, only to realize that the Brotherhood has designed the racial riots all the way. He has intended to organize the Black community; however, he has been involved in the Brotherhood’s conspiracy of the racial fratricide:‘‘ I could see it now, see it clearly and in growing magnitude. It was not suicide, but murder. The committee had planned it. And I had helped, had been a tool. A tool just at the very moment I thought myself flee. By pretending to agree I had indeed agreed，had made myself responsible for that huddled form⋯”[6] Then, in the course of his escape from the police, the protagonist accidentally falls into a coal cellar. Staying in the underground coal cellar, he breaks away from his past by burning all the items in his briefcase. He also illuminates the hole by tapping electricity from Monopolated Light and Power Company.4.2 Reasons for His BehaviorsAmerica has been a White-dominated country since its establishment due to its economical，political，historical and social reasons．African Americans are usually in an inferior state compared with the white. Although there have been some advances after protesting for the civil rights, the Blacks still feel alienated in the White-dominated societ.The identity of the blacks is stipulated by white. Under the sin of slavery, the blacks suffer all kinds of hardships. They are seen as ignorant and barbaric, uncivilized inferior people. Standard to measure the value of blacks is set by the white and slavery makes the black lost free citizenship and become "the other". It is all white’s sense of superiority that leads to the result.Obviously, all the ordeals and pains are necessary and inevitable for theprotagonist to recognize the absurdity of the world，and now he is able to recognize himself by recalling what he has experienced:“It was a joke, an absurd joke. And now I looked around a corner of my mind and saw Jack and Norton and Emerson merge into one single white figure. They were very much the same, each attempting to force his picture of reality upon me. 1 was simply a material, a natural resource to be use…I now recognized my invisibility.”[6]After being fooled and deceived for such a long time, the protagonist comes to realize the full complexity of the society and the hardship of initiation. The protagonist has always been thinking that he has moved from blindness to sight, but now comes to realize that what he has gained is only half-sighted.The illumination stands for the enlightenment he has finally gained. At this stage, his maturity has not been completely achieved yet. Only when his face turns toward the society once again, will he probably achieve his decisive maturity and reborn. The protagonist neither chooses to cut himself away from the society nor plunge out of the history．He only hibernates in the cellar and it is in the cellar that he has shaped his own perception:“My problem was that I always tried to go in everyone’s way but m own…and a man shouldn’t accept (the values of) any other…Life is to be lived, not controlled；and humanity is won by continuing to play in face of certain defeat.”[6]Besides，he comes to the realization that the world is full of infinite possibilities before a mall finds himself first. He says:“In going underground, I whipped it all except the mind, the mind,”[6] therefore, he decides to be “up”. According to him, the world has set a ridiculous role to play for the black. Up to now, the protagonist’s desperation has been formed.ConclusionThis paper firstly presents the background about Negro and the creation background of the novel. And secondly, this paper mainly analyzes the protagonist’s mentality in Invisible Man by his attitude towards his life. In the analysis, it pays attention to the behaviors at different stages and analyzes the reasons why he behaves in that way.Undoubtedly, the aim of this paper is to disclose the accusation against the inhuman life where the pathetic Negro live.In America, the racial discrimination is everywhere. The racial conflicts often happen and the black people are treated as slaves by white people; at least, they are considered inferior. The black often have the lowest salary, poor insurance and many unfair treatments. Nowadays, the racial discrimination is not just between the white and the black, many other races in American are discriminated by the local people and they do not have right to protect themselves. Although many people do constant efforts, racial discrimination is still a hard and long-lasting task for humans.Bibliography[1] Rusby,Mark．Invisible Man．Boston：Twayne Publishers，1991．[2] Li Yanfang. “Perplexity, Struggle and Initiation in an Invisible World-A PsychologicalApproach to Initiation in Invisible Man” [ph D].Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University, 2010. [3] Callahan，John，ed．Ratph Ellison’s Invisible Man：a casebook．New York：Oxford UniversityPress，2004．[4] Howe，Irving．“A Negro in America”．The Critical Response to Ralph Ellison．Ed．RobertJ. Butler．Connecticut：Greenwood Press，2000．[5] O’Meally, Robert，ed．New Essays On Invisible Man．New York：Cambridge UniversityPress，1988．[6] Ellison Ralph．Invisible Man[M]．Beijing：Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press，2000．[7] Bellow,Saul．“Man Undergroun d—Review of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man”.[8] 陈晓菊: 《荒谬的极限处境与自我追寻—＜看不见的人＞之存在主义解读》，《宁波大学学报》( 人文科学版) 2010 年第5 期.[9] 赵丽丽．“《麦田里的守望者》和《看不见的人》中的成长过程的比较”.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文，2005．[10] 李加莉．“《看不见的人》：一曲为黑人生存境遇呐喊的爵士乐”．华中师范大学硕士学位论文．2004．[11] 庄庆法．“评《看不见的人》中土人公的身份危机”．山东大学硕士学位论文。

查尔斯·狄更斯回想过去说来奇妙每个人对别人来说生来就是个秘密深奥又不可思议1883年英国马盖特禁止通行查尔斯·狄更斯威尔基·柯林斯著马盖特高中孩子们的课程覆盖面很广Our boys' curriculum is very wide.每学期末他们都要表演一个短剧They perform a short play at the end of every term.我妻子一直很喜欢戏剧Theater's an abiding interest of my wife.-玛丽能帮我倒杯茶吗 -好的先生- Mary, tea if you please. - Yes, sir.门是开着的Through the open door.内莉你去哪儿了Nelly, where were you?本纳姆先生三点就来了Mr. Benham has been here since 3:00.非常抱歉I'm so sorry.兰博先生在尽力安排演出呢Mr. Lambourne has been organizing the boys best he can. 我完全忘了时间I lost all sense of time.注意边角孩子们Careful with those corners, boys.-好的太太 -好的太太- Yes, ma'am. - Yes, ma'am.谢谢你玛丽Thank you, Mary.沃顿·罗宾逊太太您终于来了Mrs. Wharton Robinson. At last.非常抱歉本纳姆先生I'm so sorry, Mr. Benham.我马不停蹄赶来的请原谅I just kept walking. Forgive me.孩子们我们从第三幕开始Dear boys, let's go from the third act.Everyone get into positions.-好的太太 -谢谢你兰博先生- Yes, ma'am. - Thank you, Mr. Lambourne.得有所保留不能给本纳姆先生看全Mr. Benham must not see all our tricks quite yet否则明天就毫无悬念了or there'll be nothing left to show him tomorrow.-外面冷吗 -冷但能让人头脑清醒- It is cold outside? -It is, but it clears the mind.在学期结束前It would be good to decide最好敲定阅读材料on the readings before the end of term.那当然过会儿再说这个吧Of course. Perhaps later.劳伦森谭纳你们准备好了吗Laurenson and Tanner, are you ready?是的太太Yes, ma'am.乔佛里Geoffrey dear,别忘了最后一句时你再上来don't forget, you come in on the final line.坐下Sit there.寇茨沃森把这些拿上Coates, Watson, take those.-谢谢你太太 -谢谢你太太- Thank you, ma'am. - Thank you, ma'am.我记得狄更斯先生和柯林斯先生的I recall no lion in Mr. Dickens剧里没有狮子吧沃顿·罗宾逊太太and Mr. Collins' play, Mrs. Wharton Robinson.为了增加戏剧效果A little dramatic license.我相信狄更斯先生不会介意的I'm confident that Mr. Dickens would have let it pass. 耶茨请把幕布拉下来Yates, if you could drop the backing.好的太太音乐准备Musicians.-所有人准备就绪了吗 -准备好了- Is everyone ready? - I think so.是的太太Yes, ma'am.孩子们记住你们的位置Boys, remember your positions.开始吧Let's begin.兄弟们黎明终将到来Well, my lads, the day is breaking at last.是"终于" 哈德利和终将不一样呢"Has broken," Hadley. Mr. Dickens was very particular. 先生们终于破晓了Well, my lads, the day has broken at last.今天的天气怎么样What do you say to the weather now?我已经准备好跟各位一起翻山越岭了I am ready to cross the mountain with the gentleman, 如果有人愿意跟我一起去的话if the others will go with me.我看得出来风暴要来袭了I can see for myself there's a storm coming.有雪的味道空气中有飓风的味道I smell the snow. I feel the hurricane in the air.无论给我多少钱No money those gentlemen can offer我今天都不会翻过这座山will tempt me to cross the mountain with them today. 谭纳该你了Tanner, your cue.你们到底准备好了吗Well, are you ready at last?我的耐心已经耗尽了My patience is at an end.我厌倦了迟疑和耽搁I'm sick and weary of all this doubt and delay.我听您差遣一定一直陪伴你们I'm your man. I will guide you to your journey's end.-随时待命 -出发吧- Say when. - Now.-准备好了吗 -准备好了- Are you ready? - I'm ready.来吧Come along.先拉紧Pull it taut.两边都要竖起来Upright like a brigadier.最后穿过来And thread it through.谢谢你Thank you.你今天又去海滩了吗Were you on the beach again today?布鲁克小姐说她看到你了Miss Brooke thought she saw you.是的Yes.-看瞧见了吗签过名的 -真的吗- Look. See? It is signed. - Really?很显然他根据内莉塑造了露西·马内特的形象Apparently he modeled the character of Lucie Manette on Nelly. 她的家庭与内莉孩童时期的家庭很相似The families were very close when Nelly was a child.我相信他受过很多人的启发I'm sure he drew inspiration from many people.我妻子爱死他的小说了My wife adores his novels.当然大多时候他很幽默但偶尔也有阴郁Of course, he's often very funny, but I find a little bleak.不禁让人怀疑有恶魔在他脑中肆虐One wonders what demons raged in his mind.的确如此Indeed.有个叫萨克雷的作家就是这样的Thackeray, there's a writer.乔治你不能拿他们相提并论George, you cannot compare them.我同意我站在狄更斯先生这边I agree. I am for Mr. Dickens.有时候我真羡慕沃顿·罗宾逊太太There are times that I have envied Mrs. Wharton Robinson 小时候就认识他了to have known him even as a child.作为一位作家A writer.虽然有时阴郁Yes, at times bleak,但他能让我们因自己的荒谬开怀大笑but one who makes us laugh at our own absurdity.让我们清楚地看到自己的愚蠢We see ourselves clearly in all our folly.他去世很多年了却还活在我们心中He's been dead for some years, but yes, he is still with us. 谢谢你本纳姆先生Thank you, Mr. Benham.谈到这个话题我经常失控It is a subject in which I sometimes run away with myself, 这点沃顿·罗宾逊太太非常明白as Mrs. Wharton Robinson knows only too well.情感失控情感失控Run away. Run away.这下我又想拜读他的作品了I, for one, am determined to revisit him immediately.-先看哪本比较好 -《马丁·翟述伟》- Where would you suggest I begin? - Martin Chuzzlewit. 任何小说如果不能令人短暂愉悦Any novel, but for brief pleasure,还不如去看I would suggest browsing through狄更斯先生的文学周刊a copy of Dickens' weekly literary magazine.《家常话》Household Words.刊登了他很多作品A collection of many of his writings,当然还有他的小说节选and indeed, chapters of his novels.如果你们想借阅沃顿·罗宾逊太太And I'm sure Mrs. Wharton Robinson would not mindif you cared to borrow.那是当然Of course.我妻子几乎收藏了所有版本My wife has nearly every edition.我们的书架都快摆不下了We have run out of shelves.-先生 -好的谢谢你玛丽- Sir. - Good. Thank you, Mary.《冰缘》The Frozen Deep.你还有柯林斯先生的剧本吗You have the text of Mr. Collins' play?是的不过这剧算不上精彩Yes. It is not a good play.我给你找一本好看的But I shall find you one.-《大卫·科波菲尔》 -《大卫·科波菲尔》- David Copperfield. - David Copperfield?-做阅读材料 -好的- For our readings. - Yes.你明天还散步吗Will you walk again tomorrow?也许吧Perhaps.我能和你一起吗May I join you?我走得很快I walk at quite a pace.曼彻斯特数年前-欢迎欢迎您特南太太 -谢谢查理- Welcome. Welcome, Mrs. Ternan. - Thank you, Charley. 天呐Oh, dear.小心点Yes, do be careful now.天呐Oh, my!-玛利亚小姐进来吧 -谢谢你- Miss Maria. Come inside. - Thank you.- Come inside. - Thank you.艾伦小姐欢迎到来Miss Ellen, welcome.-你的手套 -谢谢你- Your glove. - Thank you.我是查理·狄更斯欢迎来到曼彻斯特I'm Charley Dickens. Welcome to Manchester.地上都是水It's so wet.我父亲在等你们其他人已经到了My father is waiting. The others are already here. -内莉看看到了吗 -我们在这儿呢- Nelly, look. See? - There we are.走吧Come on.冰缘内莉看Look, Nelly.父亲Father.终于都到齐了At last we have a full company.特南太太欢迎到来Mrs. Ternan, welcome.这座剧院可真华丽What a beautiful theater you've built.谢谢我很欣慰我们尽力了Thank you. I'm glad, we have tried.-玛利亚小姐欢迎你 -谢谢- Miss Maria, welcome. - Thank you.希望你旅途还算顺利You had a good journey, I hope.是的谢谢你狄更斯先生Yes, thank you, Mr. Dickens.-非常舒适 -很好很好- Quite comfortable. - Good. Good. Good.-那你一定是艾伦·特南小姐了 -正是- And you must be Miss Ellen Ternan? - I am.你已经见过我的长子查理了吧You've met my eldest son, Charley, of course?是的多亏他接住了我的手套He kindly rescued my glove, yes.英勇的骑士啊The gallant chevalier.女士们先生们这位是艾伦小姐Ladies and gentlemen, may I introduce Miss Ellen她在我们需要帮助时出手相助who is helping us in our hour of need.希望你的妹妹范妮安好We wish your sister, Fanny, well.她是在干草市场还是凤♥凰♥剧院Is it the Haymarket or the Phoenix Theater we've lost her to? 干草市场她很遗憾不能前来The Haymarket. She's so sad not to be here.是的内莉会给你们带来一场精彩的演出的No, Nelly will give you a wonderful performance.那是当然I have no doubt.特南太太玛利亚小姐Now, Mrs. Ternan, Maria,你们已经在之前的排练中见过各位了you've met everyone on our previous rehearsals.艾伦小姐这是我们的演员Miss Ellen, may I introduce our family of actors?-这位是莱蒙先生 -幸会- We have Mr. Lemon. - Delighted.-还有埃格先生 -欢迎- And Mr. Egg. - Welcome.-还有我们的作曲家博格先生 -你好- And our composer, Mr. Berger. - Hello.皮格特先生萨宾小姐查尔斯先生And Mr. Pigott. Miss Sabine. Mr. Charles.我还想向你介绍本剧的作者And I'd like to introduce our author,柯林斯先生不过他迟到了一如既往Mr. Collins, but as ever, he is late.这边是我的家人But here are some of my own family.我的女儿们梅米凯蒂My daughters, Mamey, Katey.我妻子的妹妹乔金娜·霍加斯小姐My sister-in-law, Miss Georgina Hogarth.我的儿子们弗兰克埃弗雷德Assorted sons, Frank, Alfred,希德尼亨利Sydney, Henry.还有最小的那个呢And where is youngest boy?别躲在后面普洛恩到这儿来Don't hide there, Plorn. Come here.应该就这些人了And that is it, I think.当然还有我的妻子Yes, of course, and my wife.还有半小时And half an hour.大家摘下便帽尽快准备好Is that time enough, ladies, for you to settle your bonnets?我想排练下但作者不在I'd like to rehearse, but without our author,柯林斯先生终于来了Mr. Collins, who is at last here.我为什么总在等你威尔基你怎么总迟到Why am I always waiting, Wilkie? Why must you always be late? 因为这会激怒你查尔斯Because it irritates you, Charles.看你生气我就心情愉悦And it amuses me to see you in bad temper.查尔斯我觉得这段不能删掉Charles, I don't think we can afford to cut it.太长了会很无聊的But it's too long. It'll bore if it's too long.在伦敦大家觉得长在曼城大家也会这么想It was too long in London, it'll be too long in Manchester.忍♥痛割爱威尔基还是都删掉吧Though it pains, Wilkie. Cut, cut, cut.好了你去告诉埃格先生It is done. You can tell Mr. Egg他最后一句独白也没了he's lost his last soliloquy.不行你是作者你说No, you must do it as author.这是你的权利呢I shall not deny you that.-你真讨厌这句也删吗 -还有这里和这里- You are insufferable. And this? - And here and here.各位请注意Now, everyone, please be careful.我们的小剧院尚未完工Our little theater's not yet complete.记住今天我们陪艾伦小姐一起排练Remember, we are rehearsing Miss Ellen in today,请大家多体谅so let's be considerate.现在我想重演最后一幕Now I'm keen to review the last act,沃多和奥德斯利最终出场那里就行just the final entry of Wardour and Aldersly.请大家就位朋友们So places, friends.-玛利亚玛利亚过来 -好的- Now, Maria. Maria. - Yes.你就站在这里We should have you just here, I think.然后特南太太和姑娘们艾伦小姐Then Mrs. Ternan and the girls. And Miss Ellen...狄更斯先生能否让Mr. Dickens, may I suggest女士们上前一点that the ladies are slightly further upstage?好的当然可以Yes. Of course.这样安排还满意吗Have your officers trimmed to your satisfaction?是的很好很好非常好Yes, excellent, excellent. Very good.你觉得我是不是该离入口远一点Do you think I ought to stand a little wider for the entrance? 好的但别挪太多我保证Yes, but not too much for it's your face and not mine观众想看到你的脸不是我的that'll be holding the attention of our audience, I feel sure. 威尔基准备好了吗Wilkie, are you ready?我要抱你的话你就得站在舞台后面I need you standing at the back if I'm to carry you in.-准备好了吗 -没有- Are you ready? - No.-好的快 -来了- Yes, come on, come on. - Yes, yes.查理手臂放松Charley. Just relax the arms.别这么僵硬Just a little less stiff.很好That's good, yes.你不来吗Should you not come?-我没法抱起自己 -对当然了- I cannot carry myself. - Yes, yes, of course.我该在枪响之后说话吗Do I speak after the gun?枪响之后你从舞台前部走到中♥央♥After the gun and you move downstage to the middle.弗兰克弗兰克Frank! Frank!然后我就说 "得救了我为你救了他"Then my line, "Saved, saved for you."-然后你把我放在这儿 -好的- Then you've put me down here. - Yes, I have.虽然我脚痛疲惫不堪克拉拉但我救了他And I am footsore and weary, Clara, but I have saved him. 对很好然后该你了威尔基Yes. That's good. Then your line, Wilkie.沃多在哪儿去帮他别管我Where is Wardour? Help him. Never mind me.马克这时候你就走上前来Mark, that's when you come down.沃多亲爱的沃多Wardour. Dear Wardour.我错怪你了老朋友请原谅我Old friend whom I have wronged, remember and forgive me. 非常好原谅你了Very good, you're forgiven.都别拘谨这里可以容纳将近一千人Don't be afraid to project. We have nearly a thousand seats. 凯瑟琳你要听不到我们说话就说一声Catherine, do say if you cannot hear us.-什么 -我们听得很清楚查尔斯- What? - We can hear you very well, Charles.非常好大家都提高音量Very good. Everyone speak up.玛利亚这时候你上前来Then, Maria, that's when you come over here温柔地抱住我and take me gently in your arms.-这边 -抱歉- Here. - Sorry.理查德理查德想想你的老朋友Richard. Richard, look upon your old playmate.然后音乐And then music...不博格博格还没到时候No, Berger... Berger, not yet.我是在说时间点不用弹I'm just marking through the cues.等我们亲吻It plays until the curtain has fallen幕布降下时再弹然后枪响by which time we kiss, then gun.砰我死了Bang. Then I'm dead.然后是收场白And then epilogue.这是个忧伤的故事是个悲情的故事This is a tale of woe. This is a tale of sorrow.一段爱情化为虚影另一段则留存至今A love denied. A love restored to live beyond tomorrow.不要用沉默来掩饰悲伤的心Lest we think silence is the place to hide a heavy heart,记住我们存在的意义remember, to love and be loved is life itself就是爱与被爱without which we are nought.然后幕布闭掌声起And then the curtain closes. Loud applause.等着全场欢呼吧Yet audible the crying of 2,000!谢谢精彩极了精彩极了Thank you. Bravo. Bravo.女士们先生们谢谢你们玛利亚Ladies, gentlemen. Thank you, Maria.查尔斯你最后的演讲可以删减一下Charles, your last speech I think could benefit from cutting.-是吗 -是的- You do? - I do.-我们要讨论下吗 -好的过会儿讨论吧- Shall we discuss it? - Yes, yeah. Later.她有点能耐She has something.靠近点Come nearer.克拉拉Clara.吻我Kiss me.姐姐在我死前Sister, kiss me-再吻我一次 -不- before I die. - No.维多利亚女王Queen Victoria萨克森-科堡的艾伯特亲王还有古登堡Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gothenburg比利时的列奥波德一世Leopold the First of Belgium威廉·萨克雷William Thackeray!不不不在凡夫俗子面前No, no, no. It is not enough表演不算什么that we play before these mere mortals.朋友们是曼城给我们带来了至高荣誉Friends, it is Manchester who has given us the highest accolade. 我毕生的追求在曼城得到了嘉许It is Manchester whose approval I have looked for,是曼城赐予我们今晚的辉煌and it is Manchester who has bestowed tonight's success. 朋友们我们是胜利者Friends, we are victorious!博格先生请奏柯弗利舞Sir Roger de Coverley, Mr. Berger, please.再来一次And again!转起来Strip the willow!背靠背Back-to-back!先生们接下来是不列颠掷弹兵进行曲Gentlemen, change for the British Grenadiers.耀眼的沙滩上有三具尸体Three corpse lay out on the shining sand清晨潮水退去闪着光芒In the morning gleam as the tide went down姑娘们哭泣着搓动双手And the women are weeping and wringing their hands 为那些永不归来之人For those who will never come back to the town男人劳作女人哀悼For men must work and women must weep越早结束越早入睡The sooner it's over, the sooner to sleep告别河口的沙滩还有海浪的悲啼And goodbye to the bar and its moaning像鸟儿一样抬高你的双臂Raise your arms higher like a bird.等你准备好后把双手交给我And then, when you are ready, give me your hands.-真是非同寻常 -双手给我- It's remarkable. - Give me your hands.你跟我在一起很安全There. Now you are safe with me.他的小伎俩One of his magic tricks.你在哪儿Where are you?我独自一人I'm on my own.你很欣赏我丈夫的作品吗艾伦小姐You are an admirer of my husband's work, Miss Ellen? 当然Of course.原来我沉迷在《小杜丽》中不能自拔At the moment, I'm lost in Little Dorrit.现在我觉得《荒凉山庄》Until now, I thought Bleak House是最令我难以忘怀的小说would be the novel that would stay with me the most. 散发着一种令人不安的情绪It has this alarming spirit of unease.戴洛克女士被她的过去所困扰Lady Dedlock haunted by her past.那些情节我看了一遍又一遍I keep coming back to those pages again and again.到现在还有很多情节让我会心一笑Yet there's so much that makes me smile.那小说就是取悦读者的'Tis a fiction designed to entertain.当然不止如此小说改变了我们Surely it's more than that. It changes us.现在你回到我们中间了Now you are, you are back with us.他会兴奋一整晚的He will be up all night.然后睡一天And cross all day.凯蒂梅米Katey. Mamey.好了还有人吗下一位是谁Now, someone else. Who is next?-下一位谁来 -晚安- Who is next? - Good night.抱紧孩子抱紧孩子她不在了Hold the baby. Hold the baby. She's gone.她在哪儿她在哪儿Where is she? Where is she?她安全吗请告诉我她平安无事Is she safe? Please tell me she's safe.现在你可以醒过来了特南太太And now you are back with us, Mrs. Ternan.-回哪儿 -母亲- Back where? - Mother.母亲我想你刚才回想起范妮在船上的遭遇了Mother, I think you were remembering Fanny on the boat.-我说了什么 -你想救她母亲- What did I say? - You were trying to save her, Mother.抱歉狄更斯先生I'm sorry, Mr. Dickens.不小心说起了家中往事I think I may have strayed into some family history.我的长女范妮从婴儿床上被甩了出去My eldest daughter, Fanny, was thrown from her cot.多年之前我丈夫和我在环游美国My husband and I were traveling around America some years ago, 有一艘船撞到了我们的明轮艇and our paddle steamer was rammed by another boat,范妮被抛向空中然后奇迹般地and Fanny was thrown up into the air and saved,被一张床垫拯救了miraculously, by a mattress.天使在注视着我们The angels were watching.-是的 -没错- Yes. They were. - Yes真是非比寻常的经历Extraordinary story.我讲完了狄更斯先生I am done, Mr. Dickens.我也是我得走了As am I. I must go.明天还要继续劳作Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow.-晚安威尔基 -晚安- Good night, Wilkie. - Good night.五点了5:00.-该睡觉了 -还是吃早饭- Bed. - Or breakfast?晚安Good night.谢谢你们先生们Thank you, gentlemen.-晚安 -晚安- Good night. - Good night.玛利亚你今晚着实令人心碎Maria, you broke all our hearts tonight.人人眼含热泪Everyone was weeping.我如何能不动容您实在高明I couldn't hold back the tears. You were so good.我还想小声提醒她I did try to console her in a hushed aside,但她一直在说 "太悲了太悲了"but all she could say was, "So sad, so sad."多么可爱又苍白的小脸Such a good, dear, pale little face.-克拉拉可是全情投入了 -谢谢母亲- You won't find a better Clara. - Thank you, Mother.我的小天使们该睡觉了I must get my angels to bed.我实在太过兴奋无法入眠I'm too awake to sleep.-天已渐亮了 -内莉- It's daylight. - Nelly.谁都得睡觉的亲爱的内莉Everyone needs sleep, Nelly dear.这是我最喜爱的时段This is my favorite time.当白日再次来到人间When the day is creeping up on夜晚的喧嚣又重归秩序us and we must put in order the chaos of the night.打起精神开始新的一天Stand guard once more, ready for life.刚好揭示了一个有趣的事实每一个人A wonderful fact to reflect upon, that every human creature 在其他人看来都隐藏着无数秘密is a profound secret and mystery to every other.除非有人能直入心扉共担秘密Until that secret is given to another to look after.也许那时两人才算得上相互了解And then perhaps two human creatures may know each other. 您是否同意呢Do you not think?狄更斯太太就寝了吗Has Mrs. Dickens gone to bed?-已有段时间了 -是吗- Some time ago. - Yeah, well...她患有严重的头痛She has terrible headaches.那便睡罢Sleep.睡罢Sleep.你为何偏要那么做Why must you do that?做什么内莉Do what, Nelly?拿我的过去来夸耀Flaunt my connection?-实在无聊 -无聊- It is dull. - Dull?你是指认识狄更斯先生吗To have known Dickens?我那时还是个孩子I was a child.你却说他很阴郁Yet to refer to him as bleak.-根本不是那样 -什么- It is a misconception. - What?你这是在说什么啊内莉I do not understand what you are talking of, Nelly.你最近总是异常暴躁This constant agitation."我们奋力挪向前靠近海边"As we struggled on, nearer and nearer to the sea"一股狂风暴怒着摧向港岸"from which this mighty wind was blowing dead on shore, "风威之盛令人心惊胆战"its force became more and more terrific."待到大海进入视线"When we came within sight of the sea,"海上卷起滔天巨浪"the waves on the horizon,波峰高如山波谷深似渊caught at intervals above the rolling abyss,"恍如另一座大厦巨港耸起于天海之间"were like glimpses of another shore with towers and buildings. "一座座水墙接踵而至"As the high watery walls came rolling in,在最高点轰然崩落and at their highest tumbled into surf,"仿佛可以吞没无数城池"they looked as if the least would engulf the town."巨浪震吼着向大海奔腾而回"As the receding wave swept back with a hoarse roar,"在沙滩上拍出无底深洞"it seemed to scoop out deep caves in the beach,"仿佛要直冲地核"as if its purpose were to undermine the earth."汉姆凝视着大海孤身孑立"Ham watched the sea, standing alone,"直至大浪轰然退去"until there was a great retiring wave."他转过头看了一眼握绳的人"When, with a backward glance at those who held the rope "纵身一跃投入海中"which was made fast around his body, he dashed in after it. "只见他在激流中起伏反复"And, in a moment, was buffeting with the water,"时而升至浪巅"Rising with the hills,时而坠入谷底被浪花吞没falling with the valleys, lost beneath the foam,"时而漂流向岸时而接近沉船"borne in towards the shore, borne on towards the ship."终于汉姆游近沉船"At last Ham neared the wreck."距离如此之近"He was so near that with one more再一奋力即可攀住船身of his vigorous strokes, he would be clinging to it"正在此时一堵绿色巨浪"when a high, green, vast hillside of water"卷过危船向岸上猛扑而来"moving on shoreward from beyond the ship,"他好似飞身一跃随即没入巨浪之中"he seemed to leap up into it with a mighty bound. "而危船也消失不见"And the ship was gone."名不虚传狄更斯先生Truly, Mr. Dickens, it is never由作者亲自朗读更加栩栩如生了so alive as when it is spoken by its author.多谢失陪一下Thank you. Thank you. Will you excuse me?-特南太太 -狄更斯先生- Mrs. Ternan. - Mr. Dickens.实在是太精彩了It was remarkable.您的表演真是张弛有度Such control, such mastery in your performance.谢谢据说这样书就卖♥♥得好Thank you. I am told these readings double sales.您的朗读实在精彩狄更斯先生It was quite brilliant, Mr. Dickens.-真的吗 -当然- It was? - Yes. Yes.-非常精彩 -范妮小姐- Absolutely. - Miss Fanny.-我们十分想念你 -显然还不够想- We've missed you. - Well, not enough, it would seem. -狄更斯太太没来吗 -今天没来- Mrs. Dickens isn't here? - No, not today.错过这表演真是可惜What a pity to have missed it.好一场风暴Such a storm.我们都深受震撼We were quite blown off course.-所以没有令人失望吧 -当然没有- So, it did not disappoint? - No.-其实 -其实什么- Well... - Well?内莉把每一章都读了两遍Nelly has read every chapter twice.虽然我读了两遍I may have read every chapter twice,但听您朗读才深有体会but I didn't really hear it until now.经您演绎我感觉好像置身于现场Hearing it spoken, I felt I was in the storm.与科波菲尔一起目睹他的朋友溺水身亡I was there with Copperfield seeing his friend drowned. 实在令人伤心It was unbearable.是啊我Yes, I...我很荣幸I am glad.查尔斯还是你来陪那几位先生说话吧Charles, do please come and talk to these gentlemen.虽然我已经陪聊了几分钟I've been entertaining them for several minutes now,但我觉得你去才够格but ultimately I feel I am a poor substitute.威尔基我这就去Wilkie, l am coming.您接下来去哪里演出Where are you playing next?他们接了唐克斯特的戏约为期三周They're engaged to play Doncaster for three weeks.-什么戏目 -两出悲剧一出滑稽剧- And what are you playing? - Two tragedies and a farce. -滑稽剧什么滑稽剧 -《衬裙的宠物》- A farce? What farce? -The Pet of the Petticoats.《衬裙的宠物》这名字的确滑稽The Pet of the Petticoats? What a terrible title.没错Yes.唐卡斯特的赛马很精彩我失陪一下But very good races, Doncaster. Excuse me. Don't go away. 凯瑟琳Catherine.什么事Yes?能陪我坐坐吗Shall we sit together?如果你希望的话If you wish.你要是不想那就算了我Well, no, if you'd prefer not, I...我昨晚没睡好我看我还是早睡吧I did not sleep well last night. Perhaps I will go to bed now. 当然好的Yes, of course, yes.威尔基给《家常话》杂♥志♥想了个点子Wilkie has an idea for Household Words.去北方旅行A trip to the North.起名为《两个悠闲学徒的旅行》He's calling it A Lazy Tour of Two Idle Apprentices.大约要写个几页吧It might be a couple of pages in it.你打算先去哪Where will you start?唐卡斯特Doncaster, I think.把灯调亮些吧Turn up the lamp.光这么暗怎么看清You cannot write in this light.她赢了她赢了She won! She won!内莉赢啦Nelly, victory.内莉你赢了Nelly, you've won!-赢了多少 -5先令- How much? - 5 shillings.-5先令 -有鬼绝对有鬼- 5 shillings? - It was fixed. It was fixed.您不会这么输不起吧柯林斯先生I hope you're not a bad sport, Mr. Collins.-我非常输不起 -不想输就要赢- I am a very bad sport. - Then you must win.你打算怎么花这笔钱内莉So, what will you do with your winnings, Nelly?我打算一口气全花了I shall spend it all at once.不我要先花半先令买♥♥一份《家常话》No, I may spend a half a shilling on a copy of Household Words 好尽早得知just to be sure the two那两个学徒闲荡一圈之后平安到家了没apprentices returned safely from their lazy tour.他们会平安回家的虽然不想回去They did, though they did not want to go home.那他们的家人怎么办But what of their families?家人们肯定怀念他俩Well, they missed them of course,但他们俩实在是享受自♥由♥but they did so enjoy being away.查尔斯·狄更斯Charles Dickens.-查尔斯你被人认出来了 -狄更斯先生- Charles, you've been rumbled. - Mr. Dickens.你好日安谢谢Hello. Good day. Yes. Thank you.真是幸会啊How very unexpected.谢谢谢谢Thank you. Thank you.欢迎来到约克郡您会为我们写本书吗Welcome to Yorkshire. Will you write a book about us?狄更斯先生很荣幸见到您Mr. Dickens, great talking to you.艾伦小姐Miss Ellen.-狄更斯先生 -谢谢- Mr. Dickens. - Thank you.-我读过您的所有作品 -谢谢- I've read all your stories. - Thank you.这边走Through there, please.-请当心 -好的夫人- Watch it! - Yes, ma'am.-我来拿吧亲爱的 -谢了母亲- Give me that, Maria dear. - Thank you, Mother.快到了Nearly there.-到家了 -到家了- Home. - Home.这是你的That's yours.-你看需要洗一下吗 -还是洗洗吧- Does that need washing, do you think? - I'll put it in. 看来没法再穿一季了This will not stretch to another season.两条袖子都打补丁可不好I cannot mend another sleeve again.袖口还没破The cuffs are still good.领口上的花边也可以再用And there's lace on the collar I can save.-好我拆下来 -玛利亚还有这花边- Yes, I'll unpick it. - Maria, also this hem.多谢Thank you. Look.要洗的衣服都给我I'm collecting washing.给你Here.签过名了This signed?-纪念品而已 -我的剪子在哪- A souvenir. - Where are my scissors?在抽屉里They're in the drawer.算件宝贝了It's to be treasured.凯瑟琳Catherine.抱歉Excuse me.你怎么起这么早。

摘要《看不见的人》是美国黑人作家拉尔夫·埃里森的代表作。

埃里森凭借该作品一举成名，成为二十世纪最有影响力的美国小说家之一。

小说以主人公“看不见的人”的人生经历为线索展开故事情节，主要涉及了主人公南方的大学生活、在纽约自由油漆工厂的遭遇和在哈莱姆区的经历等三个方面的内容。

本文立足于小说的情节，从种族歧视的表现入手，深入地分析了种族歧视的根源、影响和该作品的文本价值。

关键词：看不见的人；拉尔夫·埃里森；种族歧视AbstractInvisible Men is the representative work of Ralph Ellison,and he works with the fame,becoming one of the most influential American novelist of the twentieth century.The novel starts with the hero “invisible man” life experience as a clue,mainly related to the college life of the South,suffered in the New York Liberty and content of the paint factory and experiences in Harlem in three dimensions and the like.This paper was on the basis of the plots of this novel,starting from the performance of racial discrimination,in-depth analysis of the root causes and influences of racial discrimination and the value of the work.Key Words: invisible man; Ralph Ellison; racial discrimination目录摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)引言 (1)1 论《看不见的人》中看得见的种族歧视的表现 (2)1.1 看得见的白人对黑人文化的侵略 (2)1.2 看得见的白人对黑人权利的剥夺 (3)2 论《看不见的人》中看得见的种族歧视的影响 (3)2.1 抑制看不见的人的自我意识…………………………………………………………2.2 促使看不见的人的民族反抗…………………………………………………………3 论《看不见的人》中看得见的种族歧视的根源…………………………………………3.1 作者的自身经历……………………………………………………………………3.2 历史渊源……………………………………………………………………………3.3 时代根源……………………………………………………………………………4 论《看不见的人》中看得见的种族歧视的价值 (7)4.1 打破美国黑人抗议文学的局限 (8)4.2 探索美国黑人自我生存的意义 (8)结语 (10)注释 (11)参考文献 (12)致谢 (13)引言拉尔夫·埃里森是当代著名美国黑人作家，也是二十世纪最有影响的美国小说家之一。

论《看不见的人》中的成长主题【摘要】拉尔夫·埃里森是二十世纪最优秀最有影响力的美国作家之一，他的唯一一部长篇小说《看不见的人》使他成为了美国文学界举足轻重的人物。

本篇论文将试从“成长小说”的视角来展现小说中主人公艰难的成长过程，从而阐释小说中深刻的成长主题。

【关键词】拉尔夫·埃里森；《看不见的人》；成长小说1.引言拉尔夫·埃里森（1914-1994）是当代著名美国黑人小说家、文学评论家，是二十世纪最有影响力的美国作家之一，他的唯一一部长篇小说《看不见的人》成就了他在美国文学界的重要地位。

在我国，对于《看不见的人》的研究主要集中在黑人如何努力实现人生价值并寻找自己的身份；从存在主义的角度研究；从小说主人翁的黑人身份角度出发，而从成长小说角度的研究却不多。

本文试以此为切入点解析小说中主人翁的成长过程，探索小说中的成长主题。

2.《看不见的人》中的成长主题“成长小说展示的是年轻主人公经历了某种切肤之痛的事件之后，改变了原有的世界观，这种改变使他摆脱了童年的天真，并最终把他引向了一个真实而复杂的成人世界”（chris 2000）。

回顾一下美国文学史中大部分的成长小说，大体上都是按照以下的结构叙述，开始是主人翁由对美好事物的诱惑到离开自己熟悉的地方，后来对自己未知的事情感到迷惘，最后由于一些事件的刺激而产生顿悟，从而了解自己的处境，变得成熟。

《看不见的人》主要是关于一个无名无姓的美国青年在一个地下室里回顾反思他二十多年的艰难历程，以第一人称讲述的他由南方到北方、从混沌状态到自我意识觉醒的成长过程。

下面根据“诱惑—出走—迷惘—顿悟”的结构分析小说主人翁的成长历程。

2.1诱惑在此小说中，黑人主人翁无名无姓，没有任何的社会地位，总是被人使唤来使唤去，可是在他的人生道路上，诱惑总是陪伴在他的左右。

起初无名主人翁绝对是一个艰苦奋斗、任劳任怨的模范黑人青年，他深信通过艰苦好学与容忍谦卑就可以实现自己的梦想。