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目录1 逻辑判断题型目录 (3)2 真假推理 (4)2.1 解题步骤 (4)2.2 如何“找关系〞〔单句之间的逻辑关系〕 (4)单句间的逻辑关系 (4)逻辑关系的概念解释与比照〔选学〕 (5)2.3 如何“定真假〞 (6)3 翻译推理 (6)3.1 单句的翻译与推理 (6)单句的翻译〔单句部的逻辑关系〕 (6)单句的否认 (6)单句的等价 (7)3.2 复句的翻译与推理 (7)复句的四种命题 (7)逻辑符号的含义 (7)复句的翻译与推理规那么 (7)寻找确定信息 (8)4 分析推理 (8)4.1 选项信息充分型 (8)4.2 题干信息充分型 (8)5 归纳推理 (9)6论证〔加强论证、前提论证、削弱论证〕 (10)6.1 论证根底知识 (10)6.2 论证的主要题型技巧 (11)加强型题和削弱型题的比照 (11)加强型题和前提型题的比照 (11)不能加强〔或削弱〕论点的情况 (12)1 逻辑判断题型目录2 真假推理2.1 解题步骤2.2 如何“找关系〞〔单句之间的逻辑关系〕M集合与N集合的所有关系只有4种：〔1〕相离；〔2〕相交；〔3〕包含；〔4〕全同。
〔看到此是不是觉得有点眼熟。
对！就是与“类比推理〞中的某些知识点一样。
〕而一个点与一个集合之间的关系就只有两种：要么点在集合外；要么点在集合。
2.3 如何“定真假〞注：此表可根据逻辑关系图线条数由少到多的顺序去记忆〔线条数最少的是反对关系和下反对关系，最多的是推出关系〕。
3 翻译推理3.1 单句的翻译与推理简单的说单句就是很简单的句子，一般只有一个句号。
3.2 复句的翻译与推理（1）假言命题〔充分条件型〕。
即“推出关系〞的“前推后〞。
（2）假言命题〔必要条件型〕。
即“推出关系〞的“后推前〞（3）选言命题。
即“或关系〞。
（4）连言命题。
即“且关系〞。
〔插一句：简单地说复句就是两个单句组成的句子〕（1）“⟶〞〔“推出〞〕：“前者⟶后者〞，如：收获⟶播种；三睡午觉⟶华盛顿是美国首都。
单句和复句真题及答案解析在英语学习中，句子的构造是一个非常重要的方面。
了解和掌握句子的类型和结构，对于语法学习和语言表达都至关重要。
在英语考试中，单句和复句的理解和运用也是常见的考点。
本文将通过一些真题和答案解析，帮助读者加深对单句和复句的理解。
1. He couldn't find his keys, so he had to call a locksmith.他找不到钥匙，所以他不得不叫锁匠来。
这是一个复句，包含两个独立的子句。
第一个子句是"Hecouldn't find his keys"，表示他找不到钥匙；第二个子句是"he had to call a locksmith"，表示他不得不叫锁匠来。
两个子句之间通过连词"so"连接，表示前后两个事件的因果关系。
根据语境，可以判断这个因果关系是因为找不到钥匙，所以不得不叫锁匠来。
2. Although it was raining, they decided to go for a walk.尽管下着雨，他们还是决定去散步。
这是一个复句，包含一个由连词"although"引导的从句和一个主句。
从句是"it was raining"，表示正在下雨；主句是"they decided to go for a walk"，表示他们还是决定去散步。
从句和主句之间表示转折关系，尽管下雨，但他们仍然决定去散步。
3. I am not sure if I can attend the meeting tomorrow.我不确定明天能否参加会议。
这是一个复句，包含一个主句和一个由连词"if"引导的从句。
主句是"I am not sure"，表示我不确定；从句是"I can attend the meeting tomorrow"，表示我能否参加明天的会议。
翻译技巧与实践智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下东北农业大学东北农业大学第一章测试1.（）认为翻译是两种语言的话语转换活动；侧重于语言单位字词句段落以及篇章的转换。
A:语言学派 B:社会符号学派 C:交际学派答案:语言学派2.翻译分类，从涉及到的语言符号来分类，翻译分为（）A:语际翻译 B:语内翻译 C:符际翻译答案:语际翻译;语内翻译;符际翻译3.英译汉属于符际翻译。
（）A:错 B:对答案:错4.小说改编成电影，就是文学符号转换成了影像符号的符际翻译。
（）A:错 B:对答案:对5.逆译是把本族语(Native Language)译为外族语(Foreign Language)。
（）A:对 B:错答案:对6.把汉语文本译为英语文本，对于以英语作为母语的英美人来说就是顺译。
（）A:对 B:错答案:对7.多用于外交会晤、学术研讨和参观游览等场合，要求译员趁谈话间隙把一段话语(Discourse)迅速而准确地通过口头翻译转达给听者属于（）。
A:笔译 B:机器翻译 C:口译答案:口译8.被郁达夫称之为“翻译界的金科玉律”，影响最大的翻译标准（）A:傅雷的“形似神似” B:钱钟书“化境” C:严复的“信、达、雅”答案:严复的“信、达、雅”9.翻译过程可分为（）A:实施阶段 B:准备阶段 C:校核阶段答案:实施阶段;准备阶段;校核阶段10.译者要具备（）能力。
A:语言水平 B:知识水平 C:翻译水平答案:语言水平;知识水平;翻译水平第二章测试1.Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
划线的部分在翻译时采用了______ 的翻译方法（）。
A:词义的褒贬 B:词义的抽象化引申 C:词义的具体化引申 D:词义的选择答案:词义的抽象化引申2.I was not one to let my heart rule my head. 我不是那种让感情支配理智的人。
(英语)高中英语翻译解题技巧及练习题含解析-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1（英语）高中英语翻译解题技巧及练习题含解析一、高中英语翻译1．高中英语翻译题：Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功。
(ease)________________________2．遇到紧急情况一定要冷静，否则可能会造成严重后果。
(or)________________________3．我们只有学会尊重人际间的差异，才能避免误会，与他人建立和谐的关系。
(Only)________________________4．令教练欣慰的是，整个辩论队齐心协力，克服了遇到的各种困难，最终所有的努力都得到了回报。
(reward v.)________________________【答案】1． It is impossible for anyone to achieve success with ease./ Nobody can achieve success with ease.2． Keep calm/ Calm down in emergency, or it can bring about/cause serious consequences. 3． Only by learning to respect interpersonal differences/differences between(among) people can we avoid misunderstanding and build harmonious relationships with others.4．To the coach’s relief, all the debate/debating team members have workedtogether/cooperated to overcome various difficulties they met with/encountered/came across, and all their efforts have finally been rewarded.【解析】1．本句关键词（组）：achieve success“取得成功”，with ease“熟练地；不费力地”。
人教版高中英语必修一五个单元句子翻译练习含答案一周翻译练(B1 U1--B1 U5复)XXX1.我不是故意做这件事的。
I didn’t do it on purpose.2.为了通过考试，他研究更加努力。
In order to pass the exam。
XXX.你经常头痛吗？Do you often suffer from headache?4.我昨天是在公园遇见XXX的。
It was in the park that I met Mary.5.这是我第一次来惠东。
It is the first time that I have come to XXX.曾经有段时间我痴迷于电脑游戏。
There was a time when I was crazy about computer games.7.我的英语教师很简单相处。
XXX is easy to get along with.XXX8.与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。
He is XXX.9.我们应当充裕使用工夫去进修。
We should make full use of our time to study.10.许多老师今天都在场。
A number of teachers were present today.11.我们都喜爱他语言的体式格局。
We all like the way that (in which) he speaks.12.他们是应你的要求来的吗?Did they come at your request?13.交通很拥挤，这就是我为什么迟到的原因了。
The traffic was heavy。
This is why I arrived late.The traffic was heavy。
This is why I was late.14.尽人皆知，英式英语和美式英语分歧。
As is known to all。
British English is different from American English.As we all know。
判断推理常用公式一、逻辑判断并非（A或B）=非A且非B⏹真假判断题型解题技巧六种关系矛盾关系（主体相同的两句话，必一真一假）①某个S是P，某个S不是P；②所有S都是P，有的S不是P；③所有的S都不是P，有的S是P；④P且Q，非P或非Q。
⑤P或Q，非P且非Q⑥如果P→Q，P→非Q（如果天下雨，路就滑）反对关系⑤有的S是P，有的S不是P（至少有一真）；⑥所有S都是P，所有S都不是P （至少有一假）。
包容关系例：所有A→B 所有老师都会英语A 校长会英语B①一直前假如果题目问只有一个是真的分析，如果A真，B截然为真。
与问题说的只有一真矛盾，哪么A一定为假②一假后真如果题目问只有一个是假的分析，如果B假，A截然为假。
与问题说的只有一假矛盾，哪么B一定为真二、翻译推理1、单句判断①所有（凡是）S都是P 翻译S →P②所有（凡是）S都不是P 翻译S →—P③没有S是P （所有S不是P）翻译P →—S 见没有改所有④没有S不是P （所有S是P）翻译S →P⑤不是S都是P 翻译—S →P⑥不是S都不是P 翻译—S →—P2、否定关系1、并非所有A都是B 等价于有的A不是B（并非所有换成有的，是换不是）2、并非有的A是B 等价于所有A都不是B（并非有的换成所有，是换成不是）3、等价关系1、所有的A都不是B 等价于所有的B都不是A2、有的A是B 等价于有的B是啊五个解题步骤①符号化；②找关系（六种关系）；③推知其余项真假；④根据其余项真假，得出真实情况；⑤带回“矛盾或反对”项，判断其真假。
排列组合题型1.选项信息充分，运用排除法，2.选项不处分，找推理起点：信息最大优先，特殊信息优先■削弱题型方法：１.否因削弱已知因果推理主线：因→果否因削弱：强调原因不成立或起不到作用。
2.他因已知推理主线：因→果他因削弱：强调存在别的原因会导致该结果，或者导致不了该结果。
3.反例已知推理主线：因→果反例削弱：举出一个反例，即满足了“因”却没有得到所说的“果”。
Some Useful Expressions on Starting Business (English version)A. The first paragraph of a letter----- your main purpose, how you get to know your partner andwhy you are writing:1. We owe your name and address to your ambassador to China who has informed us that youare in the market for sports shoes. We are willing to start business with your firm on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.2. We are very pleased / It's our great honor to get to know your esteemed firm through a mediahere in China. We are writing to you in the hope of starting our business / cooperating directly with you in the line of …3. On the recommendation of Messrs. …, we have learned with pleasure the name of your firmand shall be glad to enter into direct business relations with you.4. your esteemed firm has been recommended to us by …5. Having had your name and address from …, we now avail ourselves of this opportunity towrite to you with a view to establishing equal and mutual benefit business relations with your corporation.6. Your na me and address have been passed on to us by …, and we are glad to forward to youthis starting letter, hoping that it will be the prelude to mutually beneficial relations between both parties of us.B. The second paragraph of a letter ----- brief self introduction, what you do:7. Our company is a partnership / is a Sino-German joint venture, handling / dealing in …8. We are a state-owned enterprise / a state-run/ operated company, set up/ established/ created/formed/ founded in 1986. We are in the line/ business of building material.9. We are a private company （specializing） in computers as well as doing TV sets. We havebeen in this line / business / trade for over 10 years.10. We wish to introduce ourselves to you as a … corporation dealing exclusively in chem icalfertilizers.11. Being specialized in the export of the goods for years, we express our desire to trade withyou in this line.12. Our main lines are … and your business just falls / is in the scope of our lines.13. We were listed on the SHSE in 1995.with or We have 2000 employees. / We employ 2000workers and clerks.14. We have 30 branches/ manufacturers/ plants/ factories/ retail outlets all over the country. /We have 20 both domestic and overseas subsidiaries/ son companies / We have 20subsidiaries/ son companies both at home and abroad.15. Our registered capital is USD40 million.16. Our market value / capitalization is USD10 billion at present.17. Our output/ sales volume/ trade volume was/ summed to ￡500 million last year/ has totaledto/ has reached ￡500 million the year before.18. Our factory is located in Chengdu, in the west of China. / The location of our factory is in …Our factory floor / The area of our factory is about 50,000 square meters.C. The third paragraph of a letter ----- promotion of your goods, what yourproducts are called and how good they are in quality, packing, price and sales abroad, especially in the target market:19. Our shirts come in / are of various sizes, colors, materials and designs.20. Our goods are very popular / in good sales / are enjoying fast sales in the American market/ inthe markets next to/ around you.21. This is our bestseller of this year.22. Our products sell well/ fast in all our major overseas markets.23. Our mountain bikes are of superior quality and favorable prices.24. Our prices are competitive/ favorable/ suitable/ workable/ acceptable/ moderate/ in line with/in agreement with the market.25. Our company has passed/ obtained the quality production system ISO…D. The fourth paragraph of a letter ----- expression of your expectation and encouragement, whatyou desire and how soon you hope to get a reply:26. In the hope of cooperating with you earlier/ promoting your market together with you as soonas possible, we are looking forward to receiving your kind earliest reply at your convenience with highly appreciation here in China.27. Believing in our successful cooperation and bright future, your earliest kind attention to us atyour convenience will be highly appreciated here in China.28. It is our hope that you will do your utmost to promote both trade and friendship to our mutualadvantage.29. We are approaching you for export of sport goods.30. Your letter of Oct. 15 addressed to our Head Office has been passed on to us for reply, for thegoods you need fall into the scope of our business.31. As you know, we have been handling paper and stationery.32. We hope to inform you that all kinds and designs of men’s shoes are available now.33. We believe substantial deals will be concluded between both of us since our prices are quitereasonable.34. To start specific transaction, we are enclosing the export list of our steel products with ourmost favorable prices for your reference.2)上海新际进出口公司SHANGHAI XINJI IMPORT & EXPORT CO.地址：安庆路330号，中国上海电话：67554321 传真：67554344 电子邮件：sinji@Add: 330 Anqing Rd, Shanghai, China Tel: 67554321 Fax: 67554344 E-mail: sinji@October 28, 1998Wit Co., Ltd.Seosomun-Dong, 2-gu, Chung-guSeoul, KoreaAttn: Purchasing Dept.Dear Sir or Madam:We have learned from the International Department of Bank of China that you are a reputable distributor with extensive sales connections in your area. We are writing this letter with a view to getting into business with you in the near future.We are a state-owned corporation specializing in import and export of light industrial products with a registered capital of RMB20 million and founded in 1986. With years of efforts, we have expanded our business scope impressively and now we deal in nearly 100 kinds of merchandise. We've succeeded in establishing trade relations with many advanced manufacturers in China and have introduced a lot of excellent products abroad. Enclosed please find one copy of our latest illustrated catalogue for your reference.For your information, we have recently launched a kind of table lighter, as a novelty decoration or a practical gift, which is of superb quality and fine workmanship. Its exceptional material and unique style have evoked a good reaction in Japan. We have airmailed some samples to you under separate cover and we expect your kind comments. If any of the items appears to be interesting to you, please let us know immediately and we will offer you our most favorable price.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours truly,李静芝Li Jing-zhi (Ms)Manager。
