河北工业大学 2020 年硕士研究生招生考试211翻译硕士英语

首都经济贸易大学硕士研究生入学考试211《翻译硕士英语》、357《英语翻译基础》、448《汉语写作与百科知识》考试大纲一、考试目的根据全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会所制定的《全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试总纲》（考试指导性意见）以及《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》以及有关文件要求与精神，本考试旨在全面考察考生的双语（英语、母语）综合能力及双语翻译能力。

二、考试的性质与范围本考试是全国翻译硕士专业学位研究生的入学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第一单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第二单元外国语考试《翻译硕士英语》第三单元基础课考试《英语翻译基础》以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。

《翻译硕士英语》重点考察考生的外语水平，总分100分，《英语翻译基础》重点考察考生的外汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分，《汉语写作和百科知识》重点考察考生的现代汉语写作水平和百科知识，总分150分。

三、考试基本要求1.具有良好的英语基本功，掌握6000个以上的英语积极词汇。

2.具有较好的双语表达和转换能力及潜质。

3.具备一定的中外文化以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。

对作为母语（A语言）的现代汉语有较强的写作能力。

四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，试题在各项试题中的分布见各门“考试内容一览表”。

五、考试内容见以下分别表述。

211《翻译硕士英语》考试大纲一、考试目的：《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试英语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。

二、考试性质与范围：本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。

考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。

三、考试基本要求1.具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10，000以上，掌握6000个以上的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。

绝密★启用前2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）（科目代码204）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生必须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。

2.考生须把试题册上的试卷条形码粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。

3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。

5.考试结束后，将答题卡和试题册按规定一并交回，不可带出考场。

考生姓名：__________________考生编号：1Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 ,a younger sibling.3 , there’s another sort of parent that s a bit easier to4 : a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still,5 every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy6 . Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a7 and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over. We’ve all been there:12 , even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also 14 your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly 18 to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.21. [A] tedious [B] pleasant [C] instructive [D] tricky2. [A] in addition [B] for example [C] at once [D] by accident3. [A] Fortunately [B] Occasionally [C] Accordingly [D] Eventually4. [A] amuse [B] assist [C] describe [D] train5. [A] while [B] because [C] unless [D] once6. [A] answer [B] task [C] choice [D] access7. [A] tolerant [B] formal [C] rigid [D] critical8. [A] move [B] drag [C] push [D] send9. [A] mysterious [B] illogical [C] suspicious [D] inevitable10. [A] boring [B] naive [C] harsh [D] vague11. [A] turn back [B] take apart [C] set aside [D] cover up12. [A] overall [B] instead [C] however [D] otherwise13. [A] like [B] miss [C] believe [D] regret14. [A] raise [B] affect [C] justify [D] reflect15. [A] time [B] bond [C] race [D] cool16. [A] nature [B] secret [C] importance [D] context17.[A] cheated [B] defeated [C] confused [D] confronted18. [A] terrible [B] hard [C] strange [D] wrong19. [A] trying [B] changing [C] exciting [D] surprising20.[A] hide [B] emerge [C] withdraw [D] escape3Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so that they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Laleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and one asocial—for 5 our days. The robot rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.“Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation, including what is referred to direct reciprocity—where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them,”says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. “We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary,” says Ja mes Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots.4Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. “We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,” says Wiles.21. Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can ________.[A] pick up social signals from non-living rats[B] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C] attain sociable traits through special training[D] send out warming messages to their fellows22. What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?[A] It followed the social robot.[B] It played with some toys.[C] It set the trapped rats free.[D] It moved around alone.23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they ________.[A] tried to practice a means of escape[B] expected it to do the same in return[C] wanted to display their intelligence[D] considered that an interesting game24. James Wiles notes that rats ________.[A] can remember other rats’ facial features[B] differentiate smells better than sizes[C] respond more to actions than to looks[D] can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25. It can be learned from the text that rats ________.[A] appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B] are more socially active than other animals[C] behave differently from children in socializing[D] are more sensitive to social cues than expected5Text 2It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about $18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay, though, is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America’s highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elem ents of the global economy. It’s not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.Today’s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than simply being able to “run the company.” CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a mi nor slipup can be significant. Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling. Plus virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, often with their own research and development. And beyond this, major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn’t explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.626. which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?[A] The growth in the number of corporations.[B] The general pay rise with a better economy.[C] Increased business opportunities for top firms.[D] Close cooperation among leading economics.27. Com pared with their predecessors, today’s CEOs are required to ______.[A] foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B] finance more research and development[C] establish closer ties with tech companies[D] operate more globalized companies28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite ______.[A] continual internal opposition[B] strict corporate governance[C] conservative business strategies[D] repeated governance warnings29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps ______.[A] confirm the status of CEOs[B] motivate inside candidates[C] boost the efficiency of CEOs[D] increase corporate value30. The most suitable title for this text would be ______.[A] CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B] CEO Pay: Past and Present[C] CEOs’ Challenges of Today[D] CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define7Text 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise. Mayor Jose Luis Martínez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city’s decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone’s future looks uncertain at best.Madrid’s back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork, city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe, Britain very much included.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically controversial, and therefore vulnerable. That’s because they inevitably put the cost of cleaning the air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution. It’s not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year’s mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It’s not that measures such as London’s Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents’ health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments—Britain’s and others across Europe—have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We’re doing everything but insist that manufacturers c lean up their cars.831. Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?[A] Its effects are questionable.[B] It has been opposed by a judge.[C] It needs tougher enforcement.[D] Its fate is yet to be decided.32. Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A] They are biased against car manufacturers.[B] They prove impractical for city councils.[C] They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D] They put burden on individual motorists.33. The author believes that the extension of London’s Ulez will ________ .[A] arouse strong resistance[B] ensure Khan’s electoral success[C] improve the city’s traffic[D] discourage car manufacturing34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A] Local residents.[B] Mayors.[C] Councilors.[D] National governments.35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies ________ .[A] will raise low-emission car production[B] should be forced to follow regulations[C] will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D] should be put under public supervision9Text 4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’s tighter than it’s been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 pe rcent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If “entitled” is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren’t interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.That’s a big change from the previous generation. “Millennials wanted more flexibility in their lives,”notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of YouthSight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth. “Generation Zs are looking for more certainty and stability, because of the rise of the gig economy. They have trouble seeing a financial future and they are quite risk averse.”1036. Generation Zs graduating college this spring________.[A] are recognized for their abilities[B] are in favor of job offers[C] are optimistic about the labor market[D] are drawing growing public attention37. Generation Zs are keenly aware________.[A] what a tough economic situation is like[B] what their parents expect of them[C] how they differ from past generations[D] how valuable a counselor’s advice is38. The word “assuage” (Para. 2) is closet in meaning to________.[A] define[B] relieve[C] maintain[D] deepen39. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs________.[A] care little about their job performance[B] give top priority to professional training[C] think it hard to achieve work-life balance[D] have a clear idea about their future job40. Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are________.[A] less realistic[B] less adventurous[C]more diligent[D] more generous11Part BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Give compliments, just not too many.[B] Put on a good face, always.[C] Tailor your interactions.[D] Spend time with everyone.[E] Reveal, don’t hide information.[F] Slow down and listen.[G] Put yourselves in others’ shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41.__________If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won’t be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.42.__________Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it’s a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.__________It’s common to have a “cubicle mate” or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those12trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don’t always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44.__________Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don’t have to be someone’s boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will in others. But don’t ove rdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.__________This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while othe r are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won’t necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you’re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.13Section III TranslationDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they're not really living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world,” or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something. we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn. These lessons are very important, they’re how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section IV WritingPart A46. Directions:Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students. Write an email to1) tell them about the site, and2) give them some tips for the tourPlease write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)14Part B47.Directions: Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)152020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语二）试题参考答案Section II: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Section III: Translation (15 points)46.人的一生几乎不可能不经受某些失败。

截至目前，一共206所学校招收MTI翻硕第一批培养单位（2007年，共15所）北京大学北京外国语大学复旦大学广东外语外贸大学湖南师范大学解放军外国语学院南京大学南开大学上海交通大学上海外国语大学同济大学西南大学厦门大学中南大学中山大学第二批培养单位（2008年，共25所）北京第二外国语学院北京航空航天大学北京师范大学北京语言大学大连外国语学院东北师范大学对外经济贸易大学福建师范大学河南大学黑龙江大学湖南大学华东师范大学华中师范大学吉林大学南京师范大学山东大学首都师范大学四川大学四川外语学院苏州大学天津外国语学院武汉大学西安外国语大学延边大学中国海洋大学第三批培养单位（2010年，共118所）安徽大学安徽师范大学北华大学北京交通大学北京科技大学北京理工大学北京林业大学北京邮电大学长沙理工大学成都理工大学大连海事大学大连理工大学电子科技大学东北大学东北林业大学东华大学东南大学福州大学广西大学广西民族大学广西师范大学贵州大学贵州师范大学国际关系学院哈尔滨工程大学哈尔滨工业大学哈尔滨理工大学哈尔滨师范大学海南大学合肥工业大学河北大学河北理工大学河北师范大学河海大学河南科技大学河南师范大学湖北大学湖南科技大学华北电力大学华南理工大学华南师范大学华中科技大学吉林师范大学济南大学江西师范大学兰州大学辽宁大学辽宁师范大学聊城大学鲁东大学内蒙古大学内蒙古师范大学南昌大学南京航空航天大学南京理工大学南京农业大学宁波大学宁夏大学青岛大学青岛科技大学曲阜师范大学三峡大学山东财政学院山东科技大学山东师范大学山西师范大学陕西师范大学上海大学上海对外贸易学院上海海事大学上海理工大学上海师范大学沈阳师范大学四川师范大学太原理工大学天津财经大学天津大学天津理工大学天津师范大学外交学院武汉理工大学西安电子科技大学西安交通大学西北大学西北工业大学西北师范大学西南财经大学西南交通大学西南科技大学西南石油大学西南政法大学湘潭大学新疆大学新疆师范大学信阳师范学院徐州师范大学烟台大学燕山大学扬州大学云南大学云南民族大学云南师范大学浙江大学浙江工商大学浙江师范大学郑州大学中国地质大学中国科学技术大学中国科学院研究生院中国矿业大学中国石油大学中南财经政法大学中南民族大学重庆大学重庆师范大学第四批培养单位（2011年，共1所）吉林华桥外国语学院第五批培养单位（2014年，47所）北京工商大学长春师范学院大连海洋大学东北财经大学东北电力大学广东工业大学广西科技大学贵州财经学院桂林电子科技大学国际关系学院河北传媒学院河北工业大学河北科技大学河南农业大学河南中医学院华北水利水电学院华东交通大学华东理工大学华东政法大学华南农业大学华中农业大学空军工程大学昆明理工大学牡丹江师范学院南京林业大学南京信息工程大学山东建筑大学陕西科技大学上海中医药大学沈阳建筑大学沈阳理工大学首都经济贸易大学武汉工程大学武汉科技大学西安理工大学西安石油大学西北政法大学西南民族大学云南农业大学浙江理工大学中国传媒大学中国民航大学中国人民大学中国政法大学中南林业科技大学重庆医科大学重庆邮电大学。

中南民族大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目考试大纲科目名称：翻译硕士英语科目代码：211使用学科（类别）专业（领域）：翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）………………………………………………………………………一、考试性质本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。

考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的外语词汇量、语法知识以及外语阅读与写作等方面的技能。

二、考查目标《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的外语水平。

学生应达到以下要求：（1）具有良好的外语基本功，认知词汇量在10，000以上，掌握6000个以上（以英语为例）的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。

（2）能熟练掌握正确的外语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。

（3）具有较强的阅读理解能力和外语写作能力。

三、考试形式和试卷结构1.试卷满分及考试时间：本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为3小时。

2.考试方式为闭卷、笔试。

3.试卷考查的题型及其比例本考试包括以下部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、外语写作等。

题型及比例为：四、考查内容第一部分：词汇语法1、要求（1）词汇量要求：考生的认知词汇量应在10,000以上，其中积极词汇量为5,000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。

（2）语法要求：考生能正确运用外语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。

2、题型：多项选择或改错题第二部分：阅读理解1、要求：（1）能读懂常见外刊上的专题文章、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。

（2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。

2、题型：（1）多项选择题（包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题）（2）简答题（要求根据所阅读的文章，用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题，重点考查阅读综述能力）本部分题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。

河北工业大学2019年硕士研究生招生考试自命题科目考试大纲科目代码：211科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用专业：英语笔译（专业学位）一、考试要求翻译硕士英语适用于河北工业大学外国语学院英语笔译（专业学位）专业研究生招生专业课考试。

主要考察考生是否具备进行翻译专业学习所要求的英语水平，考试范围包括考生应具备的词汇量、语法知识、阅读、写作以及其他语言综合运用方面的能力。

本考试要求考生具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10,000个以上，积极词汇6,000个以上，能够正确运用常用词汇、掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识，识别并改正翻译和写作中出现的基本词汇、语法、语用等方面的错误。

具有较强的阅读理解能力和写作能力。

二、考试形式试卷采用客观题型和主观题型相结合的形式，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。

主要包括选择题、综合阅读题以及写作题等（具体题型参见考试内容一览表）。

测试采取闭卷笔试形式，考试时间为3个小时，总分为100分。

三、考试内容本考试包括以下部分：（一）词汇语法（语言基础），（二）阅读理解（理解选择与回答问题），（三）语言综合运用（语句翻译和译文审校），（四）英语写作等。

（一）词汇语法（考试时间约40分钟，总分20分，占20%）1、测试形式和内容本考题测试形式为单项选择题。

测试内容包括词汇与短语的语义识别、词汇搭配、近义词辨析等，词汇范围为英语专业四、八级常用核心词汇、托福、雅思中度难度词汇等；语法测试涵盖英语专业本科期间及非英语专业大学英语所学全部英语语法内容以及语体、修辞知识等。

2、题型（1）词汇语义识别单项选择题。

要求从四个选项中选择一个与题干中划线部分词汇语义最接近的选项。

每题0.5分，共20个题目。

（2）词汇语法综合运用单项选择题。

要求从四个选项中选择一个能够使题干语义完整、形式正确的选项。

每题0.5分，共20个题目。

（二）阅读理解（考试时间约50分钟，总分30分，占30%）1、测试形式和内容本题测试形式为客观选择题和简答题两种。

注：此表仅限在校翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生报考翻译专业资格(水平)考试，且报考级别专业为：二级英语笔译(1科)、二级俄语笔译(1科)使用。

全国现有的215所翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）教育试点单位名单见附件1。

翻译硕士专业学位研究生在读证明表姓名性别所在学校身份证号学号在读证明兹证明：学生自年月至今就读于我校学院系翻译硕士专业（MTI）学习。

如成绩合格将于年月取得学位证书。

学院盖章研究生院（处、部）（盖章）（盖章）年月日备注根据国务院学位委员会、教育部、人力资源和社会保障部《关于翻译硕士专业学位教育与翻译专业资格（水平）证书衔接有关事项的通知》（学位〔2008〕28号）文件规定，在校翻译硕士专业学位研究生，凭此证明，在报考二级口、笔译翻译专业资格（水平）考试时，免试《口（笔）译综合能力》科目，只参加《口（笔）译实务》科目考试附件1全国翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）教育试点单位名单(215所)序号院校名称序号院校名称序号院校名称序号院校名称1 安徽大学27 南昌大学53 华南师范大学79 太原理工大学2 中国科学技术大学28 江西师范大学54 广东外语外贸大学80 山西师范大学3 合肥工业大学29 辽宁大学55 广西大学81 西北大学4 安徽师范大学30 大连理工大学56 广西师范大学82 西安交通大学5 北京大学31 东北大学57 广西民族大学83 西北工业大学6 北京交通大学32 大连海事大学58 贵州大学84 西安电子科技大学7 北京航空航天大学33 辽宁师范大学59 贵州师范大学85 复旦大学8 北京理工大学34 沈阳师范大学60 海南大学86 同济大学9 北京科技大学35 大连外国语学院61 河北大学87 上海交通大学10 北京邮电大学36 内蒙古大学62 华北电力大学(保定) 88 上海理工大学11 北京林业大学37 内蒙古师范大学63 河北联合大学89 上海海事大学12 北京师范大学38 宁夏大学64 河北师范大学90 东华大学13 首都师范大学39 山东大学65 燕山大学91 河南科技大学14 北京外国语大学40 中国海洋大学66 郑州大学92 河南大学15 北京第二外国语学院41 中国矿业大学67 山东科技大学93 河南师范大学16 北京语言大学42 中国石油大学68 南京理工大学94 信阳师范学院17 对外经济贸易大学43 中国地质大学69 青岛科技大学95 黑龙江大学18 外交学院44 中国科学院研究生院70 济南大学96 哈尔滨工业大学19 国际关系学院45 厦门大学71 山东师范大学97 哈尔滨理工大学20 华北电力大学46 福州大学72 曲阜师范大学98 哈尔滨工程大学21 南京航空航天大学47 福建师范大学73 聊城大学99 东北林业大学22 河海大学48 兰州大学74 鲁东大学100 哈尔滨师范大学23 南京农业大学49 西北师范大学75 青岛大学101 武汉大学24 南京师范大学50 中山大学76 烟台大学102 华中科技大学25 徐州师范大学51 暨南大学77 山东财政学院103 东南大学26 扬州大学52 华南理工大学78 山西大学104 武汉理工大学105 华中师范大学133 陕西师范大学161 大连海洋大学189 沈阳理工大学106 湖北大学134 西安外国语大学162 东北财经大学190 首都经济贸易大学107 中南财经政法大学135 新疆大学163 东北电力大学191 武汉工程大学108 中南民族大学136 新疆师范大学164 广东工业大学192 武汉科技大学109 湖南大学137 云南大学165 广西科技大学193 西安理工大学110 中南大学138 云南师范大学166 贵州财经学院194 西安石油大学111 湖南科技大学139 云南民族大学167 桂林电子科技大学195 西北政法大学112 长沙理工大学140 浙江大学168 国际关系学院196 西南民族大学113 湖南师范大学141 浙江师范大学169 河北传媒学院197 云南农业大学114 吉林大学142 三峡大学170 河北工业大学198 浙江理工大学115 华东师范大学143 湘潭大学171 河北科技大学199 中国传媒大学116 上海师范大学144 浙江工商大学172 河南农业大学200 中国民航大学117 上海外国语大学145 宁波大学173 河南中医大学201 中国人民大学118 上海对外贸易学院146 重庆大学174 华北水利水电大学202 中国政法大学119 上海大学147 西南大学175 华东交通大学203 中南林业科技大学120 四川大学148 重庆师范大学176 华东理工大学204 重庆医科大学121 西南交通大学149 四川外语学院177 华东政法大学205 重庆邮电大学122 电子科技大学150 西南政法大学178 华南农业大学206 内蒙古工业大学123 西南石油大学151 天津外国语大学179 华中农业大学207 辽宁石油化工大学124 成都理工大学152 天津财经大学180 空军工程大学208 华侨大学125 西南科技大学153 延边大学181 昆明理工大学209 南昌航空大学126 西华大学154 东北师范大学182 牡丹江师范学院210 江西理工大学127 四川师范大学155 吉林师范大学183 南京林业大学211 江西财经大学128 西南财经大学156 南京大学184 南京信息工程大学212 齐鲁工业大学129 南开大学157 苏州大学185 山东建筑大学213 郑州轻工业学院130 天津大学158 吉林华侨外国语学院186 陕西科技大学214 湖北中医药大学131 天津理工大学159 北京工商大学187 上海中医药大学215 吉首大学132 天津师范大学160 长春师范学院188 沈阳建筑大学。

河北工业大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试自命题科目考试大纲科目代码：448科目名称：汉语写作与百科知识适用专业：英语笔译（专业学位）—————————————————————————————一、考试要求汉语写作与百科知识适用于河北工业大学外国语学院英语笔译（专业学位）专业研究生招生专业课考试。

主要考察考生是否具备进行翻译专业学习所要求的汉语百科知识和写作水平。

本考试要求考生应具备良好的中外人文与科技、时政等背景知识、汉语综合运用能力以及汉语写作能力。

二、考试形式试卷采用客观题型和主观题型相结合的形式，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。

主要包括选择题、名词解释、简答题以及写作题等（具体题型参见考试内容一览表）。

测试采取闭卷笔试形式，考试时间为3个小时，总分为150分。

三、考试内容本考试包括以下部分：（一）百科知识基础（选择题）（二）百科知识综合运用（名词解释和简答题）（三）应用文写作（四）汉语写作（命题作文）（一）百科知识基础（考试时间约30分钟，总分15分，占10%）1、测试形式和内容本考题测试形式为单项选择题。

测试内容要求考生对中外人文与科技、时政等方面的基础知识有一定的了解。

2、题型单项选择题。

要求考生从四个选项中选择一个最佳选项，以满足题目的要求。

每题1分，共15个题目。

（二）百科知识综合运用（考试时间约40分钟，总分35分，占23.3%）1、测试形式和内容本题测试形式为名词解释和简答题两种。

名词解释内容包括对常见中外人文与科技类、时政类词汇予以解释；简答题内容包括对中外人文与科技、时政等相关问题予以简答。

2、题型（1）名词解释。

每题2分，共10个题目。

（2）简答题。

每题3分，共5个题目。

（三）应用文写作（考试时间约50分钟，总分40分，占26.7%）1、测试形式和内容本题要求考生根据所提供的信息和场景写出一篇450词左右的应用文，体裁包括说明书、会议通知、商务信函、备忘录、广告等，要求言简意赅，凸显专业性、技术性和实用性。

考研英语复试自我介绍1自我介绍Good morning. I am glad to be here for this interview. First let me introduce myself. My name is Dongzhanji,I am twenty-five years old. I come from zibo city of Shan dong Province. I graduated from Shandong university of technology in July, 2007. In the past one year I have been preparing for the postgraduate examination while I’ve been working in a paint factory as Research and Development person. And the 2 years of work experience let me know that I need to promote myself by the Stage of postgraduate study. Beijing Institute of Technology is my first choice.Like most of the Shandongpeople,I am a straightforward person. In my spare time, I like reading books and playing basketball. I am a diligent student during my college studying ,and In my college, I actively response to the call of the college, take part in all kinds of useful activities and get scholarships for many times.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning. Of course, if I am given a chance for advanced studies in this famous University, I will stare to effort to master a good command of advance my capability.早晨好。

1.开场白Good morning. I am very glad to be here for this interview.2.姓名，英文名，毕业院校，毕业专业，毕业学院My name is LiShuai, and my English name is Jacky Lee. I've finished my undergraduate education in Xidian University, Electronic Science and Technology in the college of Technical Physics.3.性格，爱好，实践经验I am open-minded, willing and have broad interests like basketball, reading and especially in engineering such as software programming, website design, hardware design. For example, during the past four years, I have accomplished two websites: one is the website of our school, and the other is the website of the doctor forum of china 2007. Furthermore, I am interested in C plus plus programming language and have written some application programs. In July in the last year,I finished my graduate project with flying colors,which was a software application about Image Process . In addition, I have also finished some projects about embedded system by using MCU when I was a junior.4.为什么想读研,将来愿意从事的方向,读研时的打算Although I have broad interests in many aspects and grasp the essential knowledge of the major, but I think at present, I can do many things in a superficial level, but not be competent to do things professionally owing to lack of ample knowledge and ability. So I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.The major that I hope pursue for my further education is IC design. Because I find integrated circuits are playing a more and more important role in our modern society. And nowadays in China, with the recognition by the government, our domestic integrated circuits industry is growing rapidly and that may provide a lot of chances to us.I plan to concentrate on study and research in this field in my graduate time. And I hope I can form a systematic view of micro electronics and IC design technology and make a solid foundation for future profession after three years study here.5.结束语OK, that’s all. Thank you very much.考研英语复试之英语自我介绍Good morning,my dear teachers,my dear professors.i am very glad to be here for your interview.my name is song yonghao, i come from luoyang,a very beautiful aicent city.my undergratuade period will be accomplished in chang'an university in july ,2004;and now,i am trying my best for obtaining a key to tongji university.Generally speaking ,i am a hard working student especially do the thing i am interested in. i will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is. when i was sophomore, i found web design very interesting, so i learned it very hard . to weaver a homepage for myself, i stayed with my pesonel computer for half a month.,and i am the first one in my class who own his homepage. forthermore,i am a person with great perserverence. during the days preparing for the first examination,i insist on running every day, no matter what the weather was like.and just owning to this,i could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.Well ,in my spare time ,i like basketball, tennis and chinese chess. also english is my favorate.i often go to english corner to practise my oral english on every thursday,and write compositions to improve my witten ability .but i know my english is not good enough ,i will continue studying.Ok, that is all,thank you for your attention.复试英语自我介绍全文Hello, my professors.It’s a fine day today,and i’m very pleased to meet you here.First of all,i’d like to introduce myself to you.My name is ***,my hometown is ***,which is a really beautiful city.Even when i was a young boy,i was very interested in biology science.Every one may have a dream,and i still remember that my dream is to be a biology scientist (just like ZHU KE ZHEN).I liked to make wonders just like,where are we from?Where are we going in the universe?And then i would find the answers in book by myself.Still today i think that interest is the best teacher in one’s whole life (and knowledge comes from practice).Second, i will introduce my major in the university.My major is Biological Engineering in *** University.It has a great relationship with biology scince.Their relationship can be shown with an example: Just like a river,biology science,which often finds new discoveries and theories, is at the head of the river.And my major,which lays more stress on practical use, seems to be at the end of it.When both of them interact well enough,the discovries and theories in biology science can be soon turned into products in all of the modern industry.Four years’ university education gives me a lot of things to learn,a lot of chances to try,and a lot of practices to improve myself.It teaches me not only what to study and how to think,but also to see the importance of practical ability (such as doing expriment as much as possible). In the university life,i have made many good friends.They help me improve my study and research ability, do ererything just like a man,and often give me good example to follow.Besides what i have introduced myself above,i also have many interests in my spare time.I like playing football,which is an effective way i think to improve my body health,and it can teach me how to join in a group and deal with other people.Drawing and writing is another favor to me.Above all,i choose the major in order to broad my view in biology scince,and enhance my research ability.I will do my best to join the new group and be good at postgraduate study.。

2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（B卷）*******************************************************************************学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Rescue teams from all over the world ______ on the earthquake-stricken area after the news spread that the quake had claimed a toll of 15000 lives.A. diversifiedB. disseminatedC. convergedD. accelerated2. Without Bob’s testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and ______ in the case will be impossible.A. verdictB. sentenceC. convictionD. acquittal3. The two countries have developed a ______ relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A. managerialB. lethalC. metricD. cordial4. Any person who is in ______ while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.A. jeopardyB. custodyC. suspicionD. probation5. The snow_____ my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.A. confusedB. bewilderedC. conversedD. hampered6. It is imperative that students _____ their term papers on timeA. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in7. He is not under arrest, ______ any restriction on him.A. or the police have placedB. or have the police placedC. nor the police have placedD. nor have the police placed8. Mary is _______ than Alice.A. more experienced a teacherB. a more experienced teacherC. more an experienced teacherD. more experienced teacher9. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ______ by his lack of talent.A. so much asB. rather thanC. asD. than10. Please don’t ______ too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.A. hesitateB. lingerC. retainD. dwell11. Participants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum ______ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.A. cursedB. echoedC. bouncedD. hailed12.The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and ______ the Corporation's statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.A. defersB. curtailsC. triggersD. sparks13. The slogan "What goes up must come down" was so universally accepted by economists that it was considered a(n)______A. conjectureB. axiomC. fadD. testimonial14. After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally ______.A. deterioratedB. dispersedC. dissipatedD. drained15. He has ________ strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.A. gone onB. gone in forC. gone withD. gone through with16. In 1791 RC, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipation, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally ___________ his property.A. consideredB. considered asC. considered to beD. considered for17. While some propose to combat widespread illegal copying of computer programs by attempting to change people’s attitudes toward pirating, others suggest reducing software prices to ____________ for pirating, and still others are calling for the prosecution of those who copy software illegally.A. increase the incentiveB. increase the punishmentC. decrease the incentiveD. increase the punishment18. The federal government subsidized bank loans to mass production builders of suburbs everywhere in the country on condition that those builders ________ no homes to African-Americans.A. soldB. sellC. have soldD. had sold19. A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence __________ the theory thatglobal forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact _________ to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65million years ago.A. to support ...... contributedB. supporting ...... contributedC. to support ...... contributingD. supporting ...... contributing20. According to his own account, Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, the sculptor of the Statue of Liberty, modeled the face of the statue _________ his mother and the body _________his wife.A. for that of ...... for that ofB. for that on ...... for that onC. after that on ...... after that onD. after that of ...... after that of21. A huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, the Quetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet, ________ to have been the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.A. what is believedB. that is believedC. which is believedD. and it is believed22. Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to ______ in the same way ____ to establish big businesses.A. it ...... ΦB. it ......asC. them ...... asD. them ...... Φ23. Neanderthals had a vocal tract resembling an ape’s ____________ probably without language, a shortcoming that may explain why they were supplanted by our own species.A. and so wereB. and such wasC. and so wasD. and such were24. He had lived his life thus far as a sort of ________ obedient pet - first to his mother and father, then to his wife. Whit had always done what others had wanted him to do, not what he wanted.A. atrociousB. baroqueC. affableD. arrogant25. In the 1960s, even as liberal thinkers like Martin Luther King Jr. ________ a minimum income for moral reasons, conservatives like Richard Nixon considered it on practical grounds.A. censuredB. championedC. conceitedD. confronted26. The stimulator was proven to be effective but not _______: It could reduce tension and pain, improve mood, and marginally boost memory.A. mischievousB. miraculousC. momentousD. minatory27. The word “race” conjures biology, a set of inheritable --- and ________ --- physical characteristics. But it's actually a cultural and social category, not a biological one, which is why it changes over time.A. changeableB. impeccableC. immutableD. impenetrable28. With his _______ yet gracious manner, Jon had helped them find a good neighborhood for their family, introduced them to his banker, and even explained some of the odd American colloquialismsthey couldn't understand, as they all laughed together over well-aged bottles of his favorite Bordeaux.A. grandioseB. gullibleC. grotesqueD. gregarious29. Virtue is useful in every country, in every time, in all peoples; wherever one finds humans, virtue is _________ because no one fails to sense its usefulnessA. eternalB. estimableC. etherealD. exquisite30. Two of his grandchildren implore him to _________ another journey. The city where they live is threatened by a plague.A. embark onB. embark forC. embark atD. embark ofII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of six passages followed by a total of 30 multiple-choice questions and 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic security －even comfort －for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days－lack of food warmth, shelter－would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programmes for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility －in some cases the promise－of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions. The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been “Ultimately I’m on my own”. Now it became “ultimately I’ll be taken care of”.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clintonsigned a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to define contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). The significance of the 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested－the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth when the employee retires.Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to “I’ll-be-taken-care-of” took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th- century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.31. Why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history…”?A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.B. Because such events would never happen again.C. Because many Enron workers lost jobs.D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.32. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA. people’s outlook on life.B. people’s life styles.C. people’s living standardD. people’s social values.33. Garanttee on economic security declined in 1980-1990 because ________.A. the corporate laid off large number of employeesB. the government cut in welfare spendingC. the economic restructuring occurred as American lost its competitiveness globallyD. the power of labors unions declined34. Thousands of employees chose Enron to invest mainly becauseA. The 401(k) made them responsible for their own future.B. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.D. Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.35. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A. 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.D. Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future36. What has made economic security possible and change people’s attitude towards life in 19th century?Passage 2The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha” experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use suchsystematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.37. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？　A. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.　B. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.　C. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D. They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.38. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to　A. Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.　B. Identify a problem.　C. Bring together disparate facts.D. Stipulate clear goals.39. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis？　A. Manager X analyzes first and then acts；Manager Y does not.　B. Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis；Manager Y does not.　C. Manager X takes action first and then explains later in solving a problem；Manager Y does not.　D. Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem；Manager X does not.40. The text provides support for which of the following statements？A. Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decisionanalysis.B. Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.C. Managers’ intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.D. Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.41. What is the author’s attitude towards using institution in management?A. It is arbitrary and irrational.B. It deters the effective implementation of the work.C. It improves the efficiency of the work.D. It is better than analyzing the issue thoroughly first and then acting.42. Why does the author say “thinking is inseparable from acting in the intuitive style of executive management”?Passage 3Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as faras possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as are commendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.43. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.A. curiousB. depressedC. thoughtfulD. aggressive44. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to________.A. differentiate different meanings of a particular facial expressionB. support Darwin's theory of evolutionC. provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD. contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions45. Which of the following statement CAN NOT prove the universality of facial expressions?A. People use the same facial expressions when smiling.B. People from other cultures can easily recognize the facial expressions with similar meaning.C. Some expressions are more intense in one culture than in the other.D. People have similar response to the same story.46. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people of New Guinea?A. They were confused at the emotion shown in photographs.B. They were famous for their story-telling skills.C. They knew very little about Western culture.D. They did not encourage the expression of emotions.47. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?A. They would become less intense.B. They would last longer than usual.C. They would cause problems later.D. They would become more negative.48. Explain “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, of all outward signs softens our emotions."” based on “facial-feedback hypothesis”.Passage 4No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, of chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. One the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people.Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended, where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up fro9m its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be food, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she is equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations.That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them form persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those。