002写作精讲

2021年高中英语新高考外刊知识学习讲义（002）Apple has unveiled digital wellbeing tools to help people reduce the time they spend glued to their screens.苹果公司推出了一款数字健康工具，以帮助人们减少沉迷于手机的时间。

1unveil sth to show or introduce a new plan, product, etc. to the publicfor the first time （首次）展示，介绍，推出；将…公诸于众SYN reveal◆ They will be unveiling their new models at the Motor Show. 他们将在汽车大展上首次推出自己的新型汽车。

A new app called Screen Time will offer iPhone and iPad users a dashboard highlighting how much time they have spent using which apps, how many notifications they receive, how often they pick up their device and how their usage patterns compare to the average.这款名为“屏幕时间”的新应用面向的是苹果手机和苹果平板电脑的用户，将会用数字仪表板的形式显示出用户使用哪一款应用消耗了多少时间，用户收到了多少个通知，以及他们拿起手机的频率，还有他们的使用模式和平均水平的对比。

1 notification：the act of giving or receiving official information about sth 通知；通告；告示◆ advance/prior notification (=telling sb in advance about sth) 预先通告◆ written notification 书面通知The app also lets users set daily time limits for individual apps, and a notification will be shown when the time limit is about to expire.Parents will be able to access their children’s activity reports from their own devices to understand and manage their browsing habits.这款应用还让用户设置单个应用的每日使用时间上限，时间快到时会发出通知。

部编版六年级上册语文《习作 1 变形记》教学设计活动分析本次习作的内容是发挥想象，写一篇“变形记”。

通过学习本单元的课文，尤其是《花之歌》，我们感受到了四季更迭的自然变化中有着无穷无尽的乐趣。

通过丰富和奇妙的想象，花朵成为自然的使者和奉献者。

这次习作便要求学生想象自己变成另一种东西，写一写这种变形的经历。

孩子们的想象世界本就是丰富多彩的，这次习作的话题对学生来说也许并不困难，难的是把自己的想象组织成文，把重点内容写详细，写出所变形对象的个性特点来。

也就是说，要引导学生既能天马行空地想象，也能有序、有趣地成文。

教学目标1. 发挥想象，激发写作兴趣。

2. 结合课本上的示例文字及题目引导，打开思路，确定写作对象。

3. 写作时，要把重点部分写得详细一点，学生间交换习作，互评互改。

重点难点1. 引导学生把变形的经历写得详略得当，要写得形象生动、写出特点。

2. 学会运用多种写作手法把变形的过程写得生动有趣，如心理描写、动作描写、外貌描写、语言描写等。

教学准备教师：多媒体课件或纸质阅读材料。

学生：读一读关于变形的文章，收获一些写作灵感。

课时安排2 课时一、导入新课，揭示课题。

1. 教师朗读卡夫卡的《变形记》片段，引出习作的主题。

过渡：同学们应该看到我们这次习作的主题了——变形记。

其实，《变形记》是一篇非常有名的小说的名字，作者是奥地利小说家卡夫卡。

接下来，老师就给你们读读小说开篇的一段文字，它讲述的就是一次不可思议的变形经历。

一天早晨，格里高尔 ?萨姆沙从不安的睡梦中醒来，发现自己躺在床上变成了一只巨大的甲虫。

他仰卧着，那坚硬的像铁甲一般的背贴着床，他稍稍抬了抬头，便看见自己那穹顶似的棕色肚子分成了好多块弧形的硬片，被子几乎盖不住肚子尖，都快滑下来了。

比起偌大的身躯来，他那许多只腿真是细得可怜，都在他眼前无可奈何地舞动着。

“我出了什么事啦？”他想。

这可不是梦。

他的房间，虽是嫌小了些，的确是普普通通人住的房间，仍然安静地躺在四堵熟悉的墙壁当中。

写作教程2课后答案（上海外国语教育出版社）写作教程 2 课后题答案提示：页码有部分错误，但答案内容正确。

P2 . PART1Advantages : It is very convenient . You can make a call whenever and wherever you want to.It is especially helpful in an emergency .It saves time .You don't have to search for or await the turn for the public phone.You can always be reached when you are neededby others.In an information age ,it can help you to get the information you want in the quickest way.It may help you to grasp any chance to succeed. You canplay games and surf the net through thephone........Disadvantages : It is quite expensiveIts radiation is harmful to healthAnswering calls in public places such as on a bus is embarrassingMaking or answering calls while driving isdangerousYou can always be reached by your parents oryour bossIt may ring at the moment when you least wantit toYou may receive calls fromstrangers or advertising companies and have to pay forthem ..........P3. PART2have become increasingly violentis more and more important for young people is thekindest neighbour I have ever known has aprofound effect on our healthP4. 2.too specificBritish English is different from American English inspelling3.This is not a sentence, but a fragment Differentcountries have different customs4.too general,too emotionalThe local food is tasteless and greasyP7. Approach 1: For one thing, they should balance science and non-science courses so that they do not have too many time-consuming labs.Approach 2:They should also try to get a mixture between subjects they find fairly easy and those that are difficult for them.Example 1: For instance,the student who dose well in history but expects to have a terrible time with calculus might plan on taking both in the same semester to balance the work load.Example 2: The student who dose not plan carefully and takes five tough courses the first term may wind up on scholastic probation.P11. 4 . Paragraph 1:All invention are either basic inventions or improvement on earlier inventions.Paragraph 2:There was a serious accident in thechemistry lab yesterday.Paragraph 3: Nutritional deficiency is a major problemof the elderly.5. Paragraph 1 : T opic sentence: people .....to each other. 和convenience. 第一句And无关句：Manynowadays,....moreParagraph 2: T S : 第一句无关句：I didn't /doc/b810843207.html,st night 和 I heard that .... own children.排序：574169832（1）First of all . (2) secondly (3)By and by (4) In addition(5)In shortP18 Paragraph B : Jack should not have taken the gymnastics course.he fell off the uneven bars and got a concussion.he sprained his ankle,after a bad landing off the balance beam.he broken the support beam in the basement of his parent's home,showing them his skills.he broke his thumb when he caught it on the bar the pommel horse.he fails the final exam in his gymnastics course.he failed to graduate due to the lack of twohours of physical education creditP19 T S: Some historians mark the course of the American Revolutionary War in three major periods.1.During the first phase of the conflict ,New English was the battleground,1)The Minutemen and the Redcoats fired the opening shots of the war at Lexington at dawn of April 19,17752) Shortly afterwards ,the New England colonists laid siege toBoston .the location of the British headquarters.2.In the second phase of the war ,which began after the signing of the Declaration ,both the British and the American made important military gains.1)The British soldiers captured New York in the fall of 1776,and a year later they occupied Philadelphia.2)Meanwhile the Americans were able to seize New Jersey3.The fighting moved to the west and south during the last phase.1)In 1778 and 1779 several battles occurred in Kentucky and Tennessee.2)Then two years later ,the final battle of the war wasfought at Yorktown ,Virginia.P22 . 4: 排序： 4 10 5 12 3 7 15 9 14 2 11 8 13 6 1T S ： My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.P23. 5.(1)Then (2) morning (3)afternoon (4)Then (5)After that (6)when (7)already (8)afterP33. 3. 排序：3614752 Relationship : organization of the paragraph represents Primarily, movementtheingeographical space.P34 5. (1)into (2) crosses (3) In the center of (4) Outside (5)inside (6) On the front (7)over (8)down (9)lined with (10) At the rearP46 4. (1)with (2)while (3)slowly (4)Gradually (5)with (6)By this time (7)Suddenly (8)final (9) ending (10) applause5.Prepare and lay out food;make the special lanterns Keepdancing and singing overnightThrow the food and lanterns into a river or seaWatch the lanterns drifting wayP52 . T S : Working as a cook at the Venture Inn is the best job i have ever had.Reasons: 1. I have a steady fort-hour workweek ,along with a chance for overtime if i want it.2.I can eat whatever i like ,and i get a chance to take steak and sometimes lobster home to my wife.3.I don't have any big hassle with my boss;if i have to report late or skip a day now and then,all she asks is that i call her in advance4. They pay is very good ,averaging close to $200 the weeks that i work overtime5. The job is seasonal.P57. 3. T S : Working in an apple plant was the worst job i ever had.Examples :1: First of all,the work was physically hardSpecific details:1)For ten hours a night ,i took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractor trailer.2)Each carton contained twelve 32-ounce cans or bottles of apple juice,and they were heavy2:The second bad feature of the job was the paySpecific details:I was getting the minimum wage at thattime ,$1.25an hour,plus a minimum of a nickel extra for working the night shift.3:The worst feature of the apple plant job was the working conditions.1)During work we were limited to two10-minute breaks and an unpaid half-hour for lunch2)The steel floors of the trucks were like ice ;the quickly penetrating cold made my feet feel like stone.Concluding S : I felt humiliated by the poverty thatforced me to do such a bitter job.P58 4. 排序： 36182475Pattern : It follows Pattern 1 and uses many examples to illustrate the controlling idea.5.(1) For example (2)Furthermore (3)In still another instance(4)Even (5)his (6)these (7)contemporaryP59 7. 1) I've never seen a girl as lazy as Arena2)English teachers are applying different means to teach theEnglish language3)Americans have been decreasing their working hours sinceearly 1900s4)My father has been a generous man to his childrenP70 5. 排序：213546explain a Spanish word which hasno exact English equivalentcourageous behaviour earthy sexualityP76 Cause: 1. Over a million cars are abandoned on the streets3.Both city governments or governmental agencies have financial headachesEffect: lack of parking in citiesP78 Cause: the terrorist strikesEffects: 1. The Americans feel very anxious and panicky3.The public would wind up ignoring the one warning that really matters.P82 2) Cause : (1) got drunk at the party(2)had taken the drug of Accutane(3)adolescent depressionEffect : Bart Jr.'s suicide4.排序：241365 Pattern of cause and effect: single effect and multiple causesP88 sample 1 subject: the time most students spend studying for a testTopic sentence: The time most students spend studying for a test can be divided into three distinct phases.Division ；1）Phase One runs from the day the test is announced to approximately forty-eight hours before the exam is passed out.2)Phase two is entered two days prior to the test.3)Phase three ,the final phase ,is entered twelve hours before “ZeroHour . ”Sample 2 : subject: students in our schoolTopic sentence: students in our school fall into three groups according to their different intentions of taking part in sports. Division :1) students who go to the playground when they feel tired after study.2)real sports lovers who even put aside their studies for a game. P93 3. 1) T S: University students' entertainment can be divided into three categories according to where it takes placeDivision: a) entertainment at homeb)entertainment on campusc)entertainment elsewhere2)T S: The average young married woman in today's society has her life divided into three different roles.Division: a)the role of wifeb)the role of motherc)the role of self3)T S : Neighbours fall into three categories according to their different attitudes towards youDivision:a)those who are friendlyb)those who are indifferentc)those who hate youP94 5: 排序： 7 3 10 9 1 5 8 4 2 11 6 Subject: Christmas gifts T S : Christmas gifts can be divided into threegroups ,according to their after-Christmas fateDivision: a)those that are welcomed and put into usevery soonb)those that are halfway between being hated and lovedc)those that you banish as soon as possibleConcluding S : By New Year's Day, you have eitherused ,stored or disposed of each of your Christmas gifts6.(1)types (2)Though (3) Finally (4)however(5)Even though (6)Before (7)third (8)If(9)Then (10)theseP106 4.排序： 53624871Pattern of comparison and contrast: subject by subjectP107 5. (1)similar (2)although (3)difference (4)identical(5)again (6)while (7)But (8)difference (9)consistency(10)completelyP114 paragraph B: First statement :The invention of movable type made the mass media possible.Supporting details: Large numbers of people could haveaccessto learning.Second statement :Television brought a second revolution means of the media .Supporting details: Television made experiences available massive numbers of people. by toMillions could watch a president being sworn in or buried ,a spaceship launched .An Olympic race run ,comedies or talk shows at the same time . Third statement :You ,through the medium of television ,will be a member of a “global villages ”.Supporting details ； In the future , this revolution in both information and experiences will spread to the far reaches of the world and even to outer space. Ultimately, you will be able to see and talk instantly to anyone else in the world.General statement : Technology will take a leading role in the media future as it always has in the past.P118 3. The enormous importance of television news had started the process of change in the printed pressP119 5 .A : Programs on TV tend to have a high level of maturity(1) fostering maturity at early age or hindering maturity(2)misleading children to imitating scenes on TVB: TV serials or dramas may oversimplifycomplex social and psychological problems.(1)enjoying simple-minded soap operas and stereotyped characters(2)giving a false picture of realityC:Informative and cultural programs are frequently interrupted by vulgar advertising.(1)too many commercials(2)an insult even to the intelligence of a moronP120 6.(1)Thus (2)When (3)also (4)however (5)Moreover (6)indeed (7)also (8)Yet (9) and (10)ThusP139 sample 2Sample 1 Sample 2Topic sentence: Stanford Introductory paragraph : (the University is one of the famous first para) the main idea of the institutions of higher learning composition :Its reputation is in northern California. based on its intelligentstudents ,distinguished facultyand growth opportunitiesoffered to students.Supporting detail 1 : Body para 1 (the secondIts highly intelligent student para)topic sentence:The population university ?s standards foradmission remain high .Supporting sentences: studentsenroll from all over the UnitedStates ,and many foreignstudents study there as well.Young men and women areselected to enter the universityfrom the upper fifteen percentof their high school classes. Supporting detail 2 : Body para 2（the third para ）Distinguished teaching staff Topic sentence :Stanford hasattracted to its faculty some ofthe world ?s most respectedscholars.Supporting sentences ； Theuniversity staff has includedseveral Nobel Prize winners inphysics ,medicine andchemistry .Stanford?sundergraduate school ofengineering and its graduate schools of business ,law ,and medicine are especially well regarded.Supporting campus life detail 3 : its Body parapara )topicCulturally,campus isstudents .3thea(the fourthsentence :universitymagnet forSupporting sentences ；Plays ,concerts ,and operas areperformed in the university?sseveral auditoriums and inoutdoor Frost Amphitheater.Guest lectures from public andacademic life frequently appearon campus,. In the evening,many students gather tosocialize in the Student Union,s coffee house .For the sports–minded ,the Stanford campusoffers highly developedConcluding sentence: It is considered comparable in quality to other longer established universities. athletic facilities. Team sports ,swimming ,and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. Concluding para (the last para ) conclusion: Stanford is now generally considered comparable in quality to such other longer established ,major American universities as Harvard ,Yale, Princeton, and Columbia.P145 3. Gambling is the root cause of many social problems The future of education lies in the innovation of educational technologyViolence on television has a negative impact on children's view of societyWomen should be given equal opportunities in education and career developmentEfforts should be made to preserve natural beauty in developing local tourismP147 6. (1)usually (2)often (3)Since (4)on the other hand(5)also (6)but (7)AlthoughP158 5.排序： 8 3 7 1 5 9 13 2 6 12 4 11 106: 1.While 2.in the morning 3. in the evening 4.While 5.until 6.while 7.before 8.at six o'clock 9.As soon as10.Unfortunately 11.What's more 12.After 13.the next morning14.next 15. Luckily 16.until 17.at lastP172 5.排序：32718564P173 6: (1)cozy (2)soft (3)On one side of the room(4)Next to (5)muted (6)On the other side o f (7)nap(8)orange(9)lighted (10)sizzling。

IELTS WritingBand History Pattern (L-R-W-S)▪7.5 8.5 6.5 5▪9 8.5 6 6.5▪8 8.5 6.5 6▪6.5 8.5 5.5 6.0▪7 8.5 5.5 6▪9 7.5 6 6Target Band 往届中国考生平均分▪Target Band:•Band 6.5= T1(Band 7)+T2(Band 6)•Band 6 = T1 (Band 6.5) + T2 (Band 5.5)IELTS Writing task Writing task 1: 图表作文▪时间：<20分钟▪字数：150<L<180▪分值：1/3 (40%)Writing task 2: 议论文▪时间：<40分钟▪字数：250<L▪分值：2/3 (60%)Writing Task 1 图表类型:▪Table▪Pie chart▪Line graph▪Bar chart▪Process Diagram▪MapWriting Task 2 题型分类：▪Argumentation•辩论文(主导题型)▪WWH•报告型（辅助题型）•R RP（Reason, Result, Proposals）▪Combination•报告+辩论Writing Task 2 雅思写作题库评分标准解读：Task2 评分标准 Task Response▪任务完成情况Coherence and Cohesion▪连贯与衔接Lexical Resource▪词汇水平Grammatical Range and Accuracy▪语法范围及准确性评分标准简介[C6T3 Page 166] Band 4 标准▪未写完（186 words）▪语法控制能力弱，尤其是在简单句上犯错•Visitor were stay a short time•They will travel and shopping in the cities ▪拼写错误（影响阅读）•Reconize; althought;•They afair to effect the local custom▪句子表意不明•看不懂▪分段逻辑混乱评分标准简介Band 5 标准▪字数略低于250▪表意基本清晰▪偶尔低级语法错误•The function … provide knowledge for …•Go to university purpose▪运用了大量的复杂句•What knowledge and skill … has been argued ...▪衔接紧密，层次清晰•The first reason is …, moreover, …, lastly ..评分标准简介Band 5 标准▪重复内容很多，说明词汇非常受限：•(provide knowledge and skills 9 times)▪论据逻辑性不清•… university would lo se students.•Moreover, … make university progress▪文章布局带有片面性•The first reason is … moreover … lastly …•考官评语：•“The answer does not address all parts of the question, so it loses marks. ”Band 6 标准▪衔接良好：•to begin with; to prove this; furthermore;▪正确运用了多种句式结构•They learn faster than what they learn at school.▪极少出现语法错误•Nowadays purpose of education being changed in Korea.▪扣题，全文布局合理Band 6 标准▪Examiner’s comments:•deal much more with the aspect of “competition” than it does with “co-operation”•Examples are over-developed•The use of rhetorical question to signal topic changes is not very skillful.•There are regular errors in word choice▪评分标准简介Band 7 标准▪强大的从句控制能力▪句式丰富▪使用了大量学术词汇•Their works enlighten our minds, no matter it is factual or entertainment based.•Sometimes these artists tend to be unscrupulous•… impair the reputation of some illustrious people in today’s society.Task 2 题型分类雅思写作话题分类▪Argumentation议论文(90%)•发表观点并论证▪Report 报告型•R easons•E ffects•M easures & Suggestion & Solutions•近期真题回顾Report 写法Report 写作分析Report 构思：真题20100925A study shows lots of children aged between 7 and 11 spend too much time watching TVand playing video games. How do you think this problem affects the children, theirfamilies, and society? What measures can be taken to solve it?Report首段写法Report 构思：▪首段板块：•话题背景•提出问题•全文写作目的Report首段写法Report 构思：▪首段功能：•话题背景(通用写法)–N owadays;–I n these years;–S ince the last century;–… has been …Report首段写法Report 构思：▪[2007.1.6] WRITING TASK 2▪The world of work is changing rapidly, so people can not always depend on their jobs.What are the reasons of such phenomenon and offer some measures to solve it.▪在近来2个世纪里，世界以惊人的速度向前发展。

（三）写作类型——记叙⽂，描写⽂ 英语写作类型（Types of Writing）主要有四种：记叙⽂（Narration），描写⽂（Description），说明⽂（Exposition）和议论⽂（Argumentation）。

记叙⽂和描写⽂在考试中出现的频率很低，⼏乎不作直接考察，我们只是简单⼀带⽽过。

记叙⽂就是讲故事，⽽且往往是让⼈在听完或读完故事后有所思考，这就是记叙⽂的写作⽬的（可能是隐含的也可能是外显的）。

讲故事要先交待清楚故事的语境即时间，地点和⼈物，然后依据时间顺序展开情节（这⾥说得是最常见的顺叙，当然还有倒叙，插叙等），讲故事时要注意叙事的⾓度（第⼀⼈称还是第三⼈称），故事的跌宕起伏（起端，发展，⾼潮和结局）。

描写⽂，简单的说就是⽤语⾔⽂字的笔来绘画，画⼀副⼈物肖像，画⼀副地点画，画⼀副静物画，画⼀副场景画等。

⽤画笔作画，最重要的是颜⾊的淡妆浓抹，描写靠的是⽂字的⼒量，例如形容词，副词的使⽤等。

但是⽆论如何画，都要给⼈留下⼀个深刻的印象，这⼀印象就是描写⽂的写作⽬的。

因此，同学们在写描写⽂时要围绕着这⼀印象（中⼼）来组织写作。

虽然说记叙⽂和说明⽂两种⽂体在英语写作考试中不直接考察，但是它们的作⽤不容忽视，它们可以被⼴泛地应⽤在说明⽂、议论⽂的引⾔段和举例中，能增加说明⽂和议论⽂的可读性，趣味性。

（四）写作类型——说明⽂ 说明⽂（Exposition）是为了解释或阐述某⼀问题，某⼀过程或是关系的写作类型。

其⽬的是通过解释，使⼈明⽩某件事情，明⽩如何去做⼀件事情，或是明⽩⼀件事情的原因，及其引发的后果等。

1.总体结构 说明⽂有⽐较明确的⾏⽂模式，初学者应该对此加以熟悉，才能写好说明⽂。

⼤致来讲，说明⽂分为三个部分，五个段落（可适当增加⼀两个段落）。

⼀个引⾔段，三个主体段，⼀个结论段。

可参见下图： 2. 引⾔段（Introduction） 这⼀段落的主要⽬的有两个：引⼊讨论的话题（topic），并缩⼩讨论范围，提出论点。

教材解读《精卫填海》是部编版四上第四单元的第2篇课文。

本单元是神话单元，课文非常简短，只有两句话。

第一句话交代了故事的主要人物及身份，即炎帝的女儿，名叫女娃。

第二句前半句交代了填海的起因：女娃到东海去游玩，不幸在海里溺亡，再也不会回来，于是她化作一只名叫“精卫”的小鸟。

后半部分是故事的重点，写了精卫常常衔着西山的树枝和石子来填塞东海，想把东海填平。

故事充满着神奇的想象，精卫的形象跃然纸上。

故事情节连贯，人物形象突出，在教学时教师可整体把握课文内容，引导学生在理清故事内容的基础上，感受“精卫”的坚韧与执着。

生字方面，本科是文言文，多为单音字，有的与现代汉语的意思接近，有的与现代汉语的意思有区别。

在教学时，应引导学生结合书本注释，关注重点字词，尝试用自己的话表达文言文内容。

课文插图生动形象，左上角是一只精卫鸟，嘴中叼着石子正振翅高飞，下方则是滔天巨浪。

插图与故事情节紧密贴合，教学时要注意关注插图，以图文结合的方式让学生快速感知故事内容。

学情分析1、《精卫填海》是一篇口口相传的神话故事，学生对熟知的课文内容，有充足的表达欲望，教师可以以此为基础，进一步引导学生从故事的起因、经过和结果来把握故事主要内容。

2、在三年级小古文的学习中，学生已经掌握了结合注释、联系生活实际、结合图片等理解大意的方法。

大单元教学设计说明本单元共编排了《盘古开天地》《精卫填海》《普罗米修斯》三篇精读课文，和《女娲补天》1篇略读课文，但都是神话故事。

这些神话是中国古代神话和古希腊神话中的经典，学生可以从中体会古代劳动人民对自然、对世界的独特理解和神奇想象，还能感受故事中鲜明的人物形象：勇于献身的盘古、坚韧执着的精卫、勇敢不屈的普罗米修斯和甘于奉献的女娲。

本单元教学主题明确，语文要素十分明确。

第一个语文要素是“了解故事的起因、经过、结果，学习把握文章的主要内容”。

这是在三年级“了解文章的主要内容”基础上的提升，也是为本册第七单元“关注主要人物和实践、学习把握文章的主要内容”做准备。

大学英语四六级作文满分突破2（ Writing ）纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。

【关键词】高分秘诀5种题型的写作方法简介开头﹑中间﹑结尾满分攻略技巧编辑校对:李炳璋（原名李东升）全国唯一一位曾经连续三年命中过高考试题中一些理科和文科试题的人，高考研究专家﹑高考辅导名师，擅长高考专业﹑个性辅导，英语四六级专业﹑个性辅导。

让很多辅导过的高中生受益，使其在高考中取得较为理想的成绩！让一些大学生顺利通过英语四六级考试！我的经典口头禅：1.高三是一个传奇,每个人都可能成为一匹黑马!2.贵在坚持﹑难在坚持﹑成在坚持！3.纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行！4.没有高考，你拼得过富二代﹑官二代﹑名二代吗？5.让飞翔的梦想在六月张开翅膀,让雄心与智慧在六月绽放光芒!6.立志高远，脚踏实地；刻苦专研，勤学苦思；稳定心态，不馁不弃；全力以赴，夺取胜利。

7.让结局不再遗憾，让过程变得更美！8.最值得欣赏的风景是自己奋斗的足迹。

【编者前言】此份材料于2010年首次编写，2013年6月对其进行了全新的校对与补充。

2013年11月12日，由于2013年12月大学英语四六级再次改革，此份材料为了更好的适应考试变化，更好的服务考生，本人对其进行全面的升级与校对，使其更具有实用性！【恒心】大学英语四六级作文满分突破系列每一份内容完全凭借实力说话，真的做到你用后一定有所收获，进而提高成绩！大学英语四级的写作话题一般有两方面------大学校园生活和社会热点话题。

由于时间仓促，再加之编者水平有限，难免有误，恳请谅解，望广大师生对不足之处及时指出与纠正。

【高分秘诀】如何在英语四六级写作中取得高分？（4点）写作这一部分要求考生在30分钟内写完一篇不少于120个词（四级）/不少于150个词（六级）的短文。

写作部分是很多四六级考生的一个软肋，得分普遍不够理想。

有的人是不了解如何备考才能取得高分的技巧，有的人是平时训练备考积累的“量”不够；有的人是语法错误太多，有的人是字迹太差太潦草……那么，最后7天的时间，怎么尽可能提高写作成绩呢？争取在此部分取得满分呢？（一）作文成绩看字迹，得分要素是第一!任何形式的作文考试，阅卷老师打分时，第一眼，看的是字迹。

V、练习参考答案练习1I、1、the（各项均为负。

)2、the; a （功率额定值是电阻器不会引起温度太大的上升而能安全地耗散的最大功率。

）3、an（这是均方根值伏特计。

）4、The; a（该设备的成功设计需要详细地了解性能指标。

）5、the; a; a（在氢原子的布尔模型中，一个电子绕一个质子以半径为R 的圆周运转。

）6、the（电阻的单位是欧姆。

）7、an （这是一个h参数。

）8、/; /（图5－1画出了Oersted的实验。

）9、A; a; a（机器是能够传递力来完成某一确定目的的一种设备。

）10、/（水压机将在第14章加以考虑。

）11、the; the [/]（我们容易确定参数μ的值。

）12、/; the（根据式（2－1），我们得到以下的关系式。

）13、the; /（作者工作在位于阿林顿的得克萨斯大学。

）14、an（甚至当积分区间并不是无穷时，能够恰当地显示一个时函数的傅氏变换的仪器是多么重要啊！）II、1.Dr. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001.2.Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from’an University of Technology in 1988.3.4.5.或How much time] is required to this experiment?The density of a substance is its mass per unit volume.6.An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume.7.Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2).8.III、1.2.Finally, broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by thi smethod.3.the security ofsharing system4.5.练习2I、1. This circuit consists of a battery, an inductor and a capacitor.2. Compute the electric fields at points a, b, and c.3. This satellite is used for communications between the United States and5. Chapters 6, 7, and 8 deal with transmission lines.II、1. Its error is six parts in 1012.2. This computer stores four times more information than that one (does).3. The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is.4. The voltage across this component is a few tenths of a volt.5. Now its internal pressure is one third what it was.III、otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are usedcan be neglected.CBO4. Figs. 1, 2, and 3 show this process in detail.练习3I、1. This new type of computer has many advantages over the general type.2. It is not difficult to solve this differential equation for the unknownquantity.3. Of these five new chapters, the first one deals with the basic principles of negative feedback.4. At this point/time, current differs in phase from voltage by 90o.5. By analyzing [By the analysis of] the parameters of the instrument, we can understand its performance.6. We will find out its average velocity over this distance.7. The science of electronics is too important in the world today.8. They solved this problem with great difficulty.II、1. For x＞1, there is no solution to this equation [this equation has no solution].2. Upon [On] substituting [substitution of] these values into [in] the equation, we obtained the following expression..3. This circuit is similar in operation to that of Fig. 1-10.4. This computer is very good in performance.5. These waves travel only in one direction.III、th of October.4. V5. They will to internationalmobile communication.otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are usedcan be neglected.CBO7.练习4I、1. The force acts perpendicular to the surface of the table.2. The three coefficients here remains to be determined.3. The two equations below will be often (frequently) used in later chapters/in the chapters which follow.4. Here we use two metal balls 10 cm apart.5. The output remains/stays constant/unchanged/fixed/unaltered/the same.6. All the textbooks available discuss this problem.7. Accurate in operation and high in speed, computers have found wide applications.8. The answer to this problem looks correct.9. Two parallel wires a distance (of)δapart carry the current i.10. The problem now is how to measure the voltage across this component.11. These data will be sent to the computing center 2 kilometers away.12. Upon rearranging the equation above, we have [get, obtain] the following expression.13. These charges can interact with other charges present.14. Forces can be transmitted without contact, contrary to the common belief.15. This coefficient is typically 0.35.II、1. In this case, the input does not fall; nor [neither] does the output. […; the output does not fall, either.]2. The resistance of a conductor depends on the material which the conductor is made, but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.练习5I、ways which follow.ground.kII、multimeter is widely used in electrical engineering.III、R o.6. We must take the effect of temperature on [upon] semiconductors into account.7. In this case, the variation of output with input is very small.8. This curve shows the dependence of distance on/upon speed.IV、not.练习6I、1. This image, it will be noticed, is a real image.2. This technical problem, we hope, will be solved soon.3. 210is approximately 1000, a fact that we think is very useful in the study of digital electronics.4. A resistor of say 100 ohms should be used here.II、radars.robot.III、1. In Section 1-2, the concept of force was introduced.2. As early as the 1940s, it was found that semiconductors are very useful.3. This result can also be arrived at in another way.4. At that time no use was made of this phenomenon/…, this phenomenon was made no use of.5. This point will be dealt with in the next section.IV、s4. The greater the resistance, the longer time it takes for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage/…, the longer time is required for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage.)5. The current as small as 0.1 A cannot produce enough heat.V、is easy 或：We can determine the weight of the body easily.6. The results obtained values. […are in agreement with the experimental values.]练习7I、1. It will take a few months to design this kind of aircraft with the help of a computer.2. It is left as a problem to [for] the reader to show that this expression holds.3. The program to be executed is stored in this unit.4. This valley acts as the foundation on which to build the dam.5. In this laboratory there are many kinds of instrument for students to choose from.6. Let t0 equal/be equal to zero.7. The farther away the target (is), the longer time it takes for the echo to return.8. For the series to converge, x must be less than 1.9. We find this concept very difficult to understand.10. This method makes it much easier to detect targets.11. This factor will affect the ability of a computer to store information.12. We have to find out how large to make r so as for the series to converge.13. This is a pen to draw pictures with.14. Elasticity is the tendency of a body to return to its original condition after being deformed.15. Ordinary matter is said to be electrically neutral.16.This property makes it possible for metals to be made into any shape.17. This table is unfit for a student to do experiments on.18. Now we consider what path of integration to take.II、2. Not only temperature and but thewould like to express our . Smith for his great help.练习8I、1. The amplifier amplifies the received signals.2. Moving molecules have kinetic energy.5. Fig. 1 – 3 shows the photo of a freely falling body.3. Speed equals distance divided by time.4. V oltage equals/is equal to current multiplied by resistance.5. The resistance of air increases with the increased/increasing/an increase in speed.6. A transformer is a device consisting of two or more coils wound on/round an iron core.7. It is necessary to find out the current flowing through this component.8. This book, properly used, will be of great help to the reader.9. Flowing through a circuit, the current will lose part of its energy.10. Given/Knowing time and speed, we/one can find out distance.11. Having studied this chapter, the student will understand/will have understood the principle of a computer.12. The speed of light being extremely great, we cannot measure it by ordinary methods.13. Several comsats were launched, all of them (being) high-altitude satellites.14. Called “the mother of all networks,”the Internet is a widely used international network.15. This force can be resolved into two components, one (being) horizontal and the other vertical.II、1.Let us construct/draw a circle with the origin as the center and of radius R.2.This parameter should be measured with E grounded.3. With no resistance in the circuit, the current will increase indefinitely.4. With this in view, we have written this book.5. This paper introduces a new design method/technique, with emphasis on its principle.III、1.Let us consider designing a computer.2.We refer to these components as being passive.3.This involves taking the Fourier transform.4.On/Upon rearranging the above equations, we obtain the following set of equations.5.In using this equation, it does not matter which plane is considered as IV、1.voltage.2.3. A4.5.练习9I、1. The problem was not solved until a completely different method was introduced.2. Nearly 100 years passed before the existence/presence of subatomic particles was confirmed by experiment/experimentally.3. The year this device was invented, World War II broke out.4. Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller particles.5. These two resistors should be selected/chosen so that the transistor can operate normally.6. The body is in such a state that it can do work.II、1. The relation that voltage is the product of current and resistance applies to all the dc circuits.2. The discovery that magnetism can produce current is extremely important in the field of electricity.3. An equation is an algebraic statement that two algebraic expressions are equal.4. There is evidence that no life exists on the moon.5. The question now arises whether the algorithm is of practical use.6. In this case there is no guarantee that the series is convergent.7. There is a growing/increasing awareness that these techniques/methods are very useful.8. One of/Among the most noteworthy achievements at that time was thethe fact that there are many free electrons in conductors.the fact that the properties of the material should be included in the analytical model, we must take other factors into account. III、1.These features make it difficult for electronic counter-measure systems to intercept, analyze and jam this kind of signals.2. The existence of and the ability to control these phenomena make those devices possible.3. The variation of/in the number of the filter’s teeth has a greater effect on the performance of its passband than the variation of/in its dimensions.4. Scalar detection will result in the loss of some phase information.5. Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of measuring scatter parameters by the natural parameter transformation method.练习10I、1. Now it remains to be determined when the series converges.2. It is clear from Dubamel’s Theorem that this limit exists.3. It follows from Maxwell’s hypothesis that whenever there is a change in an electric field, a magnetic field is produced.4. It does not matter whether the magnet is moved in this case.5. Temperature determines in what direction the transfer of heat will take place.6. It is now a well-known fact that all matter consists of tiny particles.II、1. What a generator does is (to) change mechanical energy into electrical energy.2. What this chapter describes/What is described in this chapter is of great importance.3. Matter is what can occupy space.4. What we have discovered in this experiment is the entirely new realm of electrical phenomenon.5. This direction is opposite to what has been assumed.6. Magnitude, direction, and place of application are what we call the three elements of a force.7. These numbers constitute what is known as the real number system.8. In what follows, we shall acquaint ourselves with some basic concepts. III、1. An x-band wave-guide test system is shown in Fig.7. [或：Fig. 7 shows …].2. This method lowers the requirement for the hardware of a sample network.3. On the basis of the above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial, a novel configuration results. [或：The above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial results in a novel configuration.]4. Finally, an analysis of packet loss probability is made by computer simulation.5. The sparse ratio of the resulting impedance matrix is as high as 40%.练习11I、1. The meter (that/which) we use to measure the voltage across a resistor is called a voltmeter.2. Computers are the most efficient assistants (that) man has ever had.3. Now this disease is no longer the serious problem (that) it once was.4. Radar can measure the time (that) it takes for the radio echo to return.5. We must calculate the distance (that/through which) the body is lifted.6. The direction (that/in which) a body moves is also very important.7. The number of times (that/by which) this particle vibrates per/a second is called/termed/named/known as/spoken of as/referred to as frequency.8. We equate these two ratios, from which the simplest formula follows/results.9. It is necessary to determine the time when/that/at which the y-component has decreased to zero.10.. The curve the y-coordinate of each point on which is zero is just the x-axis.II、1. The point at which the circle cuts the axis of reals is where α= ω.2. The force of gravity means the force with which the earth attracts a body.3. The surface of a picture tube upon which the electrons produce the picture is called the screen.4. The author would like to express thanks to the editors of the series of which this book is a part/to which this book belongs.5. This is a parallelogram of which the two given vectors are/form sides.6. The pressure is equal to the total force divided by the area over which it is exerted.7. The two elements of which water consists are hydrogen and oxygen.8. This depends on the efficiency with which electrons are produced.9. These two laws are the foundation on which all other laws are built.10. The temperature at which water freezes is generally 0o C.III、1. As the title indicates, this chapter will discuss nonlinear equations.2. As the name shows, a fluid is a substance which flows readily.the same effect as is produced by those forces together.such differential equations as occur in physics.5. This function can be accomplished by using the full adder as was described in the previous section.6. These concepts enable us to understand a wide range of phenomena in electrostatics, or “static electricity,” as it is called.7. This current is, as predicted, very small,8. First let us consider the simplest circuit as shown on page 2.IV、3. Let us consider the case when the torque is zero.4. We must determine the values of currents and voltages after the switch closes.5. During the ten years since this book was first published, significant changes have taken place/have been seen in metal-making.V、2. This paper presents a method an 8098 microcontroller to series-communicate with a 386 personal computer.3. of equalizer parameters on equalization performance is[A detailed analysis is made of the effect of equalization parameters on equalization performance.]an RF amplifier, a mixer, an IF amplifier, an A/D converter, etc.etc.”的黑点重合在一起了）with the curve going up.练习12I、1. be grounded;2. be carried;3. be raised;4. be;5. not try;6. be; be satisfied;7. be;8. be; was; have; 10. were concentrated; 11. had been; 12. were moving; 13. is going to rain; 14. be; 15. leakII、1. Should anything abnormal happen, switch/turn off the power supply at once/immediately.2. Had electronic computers not been used, it would have taken them a long time to solve this problem.3. It is very important that all solutions (should) be checked in the original equation.4. It is suggested that this design (should) be modified at once.5. Without semiconductors, satellite communications would be impossible.6. We could also have used Theorem (6) to derive the result.7. The requirement that energy (should) be conserved must be satisfied.8. Everything here, be it a component or a device, is home-made.III、1. It was this scientist who/that discovered this phenomenon a century ago.3. The speed with which sound waves move through a medium depend on the properties of the medium.4. It is not clear yet under what conditions it is that this formula can be used.5. This property we call inertia.IV、1. The author is engaged in the teachingvision, image processing and recognition.2. Let P and Q be two Boolean permutations of the same then their composition is a new Boolean permutation.3. Three algorithms are presented, which can remarkably reduce the time tointerest to communications engineers.5. The minimum entropy technique for estimating the Doppler frequency rate is presented, which has the advantages over the classical techniques of high accuracy and a small amount of computation.练习13II、1. By electromagnetic force is meant the potential difference across thebattery when there is no flow of current.2. In the table below/which follows are listed various parameters of familiar computers.3. An element cannot be decomposed, nor can it be broken up by chemical methods.4. Only when x = 8, does this equation hold/apply.5. Of particular importance/Especially important are the two concepts which follow.6. Such a set we call the mathematical system.7. Rarely does one know this function with precision.8. This interrelationship between electric and magnetic fields makes possible such things as the electromagnet and the electric motor.9. Not until 1818 was the diffraction of light interpreted/explained.10. By no means do electrons move from the positive terminal to the negative terminal in a wire.II、1. The effect of air resistance is discussed in Chapter 15, and the decrease in acceleration with altitude in Chapter 17.2. It is necessary to determine the charge on and the voltage across this capacitor.3. In this case, no standard is needed, but only a numerical convention.4. This voltage is greater than or equal to 0.4 volt.5. The cathode, when heated, emits electrons.6. Every body, whether accelerated or not, is considered (to be) in equilibrium.7. If necessary, the wire will be covered with some insulation.8. The transistor has its materials arranged p-n-p, hence the name pnp transistor.III、1. An initial analysis is made of the performance of the device.2. The magnetic field is the space around a magnet occupied by the magnetic lines of force.3. This leads to the battery voltage in the model of 500 mV.4. This graph shows the variation with frequency of the resistance of the resistor.5. This is responsible for the direct return to the atmosphere of more than half the water that falls on the land.6. The question now arises how these unknowns can be determined.7. It is necessary to determine the effect on the device of changing the ambient temperature.8. The assumption has been made that the pressure always remains constant during the test.IV、1. The simulation results show that both the schemes are easy to implement.2. The model and algorithm proposed in this paper are to a certain degree/extent superior in performance to the conventional BP algorithm.3. A new technique for estimating the frequency deviation is proposed which gives a high accuracy and requires a small amount of computation.4. Improvement of the accuracy of range alignment in ISAR imaging (by)5. Research on and the realization of DTMF in a Cipher Coder6. Analysis of the ability of a quartz flexibility accelerometer to resist bad environment练习14I、1.then; Next2.while3.of course4.However5.In general; while6.Hence7.In fact8.For instance9.but; However; namely [that is]10.InsteadII、It has been observed that bodies do not change their state of rest or motion until some other body forces them to do it. It is known form experiment that a body at rest tends to stay at rest unless a force is applied to make it move.A book lying on a table stays there unless a force is applied to move it. It is alsoknown that any body, once (it is) in motion, will continue to move because of its inertia. To stop it a force must be applied by any other body.III、1. An analysis of the EMI spectrum the input of the SMPS and itsperformance of the system is an improved system is presented.4. In this way, the area of an antenna site may be reduced to one-third that of the conventional one.satisfy the conditions of Theorem 4.1 and Theorem 4.6练习15I、Semiconductors are a substance whose conductivity lies/comes/is between that of conductors and that of non-conductors. Common examples are silicon and germanium./Silicon and germanium are in common use. Semiconductorsconductivity. Therefore/Thus/So/As a result,for automatically counting parts on conveying beltspurposes.II、ξ1 andη3.very quickly.3. The features of this new algorithm are simplicity and objectivity.4. It deserves to be further studied which nonlinear function should be selected.of the system was conducted at a factory in Hong Kong with练习16I、1．This paper presents a new temperature-measuring method, with emphasis on its basic principles.2. This point remains to be further studied.3. In the previous section, we dealt with the composition of a computer.4. It follows from this experiment that volume is inversely proportional to pressure.II、1. This new method has many advantages over those available/over the existing ones.2. The variation of pressure with temperature is obvious.3. We can determine the response of the device to frequency.4. This paper deals with the effect/influence/impact of EM waves on/upon human bodies.5. This paper presents initial researches on fluids.III、1. Two other parameters are also very important.2. This section introduces four additional/added kinds of instrument.3. A robot is a special kind of electronic device.4. We shall adopt a new set of parameters here.5. This technology has reached the advanced world level.6. Major theoretical developments in the 20th century are presented in this paper.IV、1. This cable has an approximate length of 20 meters/a length of approximately 20 meters.2. These pipes have an average length of slightly/a little/a bit under/less than 5 meters.3. Light has a speed through water of 224 million meters per second.4. Any other sea does not have as high a salt content as the Dead Sea (does).5. This force has a torque arm of zero.6. These forms have the advantage that it is easy to see how the results are affected by changing the angles.V、1. some distilled water2. the unknown substances3. man-made satellites4. amplitude-modulated signals5. chromium-plated steel6. the new racing cars7. freely falling bodies8. blue-lined paper9. an acute-angled triangle10. a wide-toothed sawVI、1. This method requires a much smaller amount of computation than that one (does).2. This device consumes much less energy that that one (does).3. We should use as simple a structure as possible.4. We have obtained satisfactory/satisfying results.5. Body A possesses more potential energy than body B.6. This fluorescent screen displays clearer pictures than that one.VII、1. …… because of fairly low conductivity of the skin.2. At temperatures greater than 80o C, …….3. At/For/With constant pressure, …….4. At/On/After the completion of all tests on the unit, …….5. For/With small values of ω, ……VIII、1. Operation beyond this hyperbola will result in diode power dissipation in excess of its maximum rating of 1W.2. Inclusion of the meter circuit in the feedback path minimizes the effects of diode nonlinearities on circuit performance.3. Differentiation of this equation gives the following expression.4. A temperature rise of 50o C/A rise in/of temperature by 50o C would damage the device.5. The large size of the resistor makes it possible to neglect it.6. Limited space allows only a brief discussion of quartz-crystal technology. IX、1. This fraction is rationalized by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate.2. The addition of two complex numbers is accomplished by separately adding the real and imaginary parts.3. The/Its solution is accomplished by first finding out I1.4. These three parameters are related by the following equation.5. V is related to t by Eq. (1–1).X、This paper presents a new design method, with emphasis on the guidelines of thought for its derivation. It has many advantages over those available [the existing ones]. Finally [Lastly], Its application is illustrated with an example. XI、1. Fig. 3 shows a transmission line with a length of I and a characteristic impedance of 500 Ω.2. Although there are many ways to produce random numbers, the procedure for producing them is quite complicated.3. As is known, when one reads a Chinese character, he or she does not consider every detail in it.4. The Hash algorithm is a scheme by which data of any length can be compressed into data of a fixed length.5. The number of times this value occurs in the observations is given in the first column.练习17I、1. （略）2. David J. Minot attended the University of California, Berkeley, CA. from 1994 – 1998. He earned the BS degree in botany there in 1998, and the M. Eng. Degree in electrical engineering from the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 2000. Since 2004 he has been working towards the Ph.D.degree in computer science at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.In 1998 he served as a teaching assistant at the University of California. From 2000 to 2001 he was with the Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania. His research interests concentrate on the development of software.II、This device can identify whether an IC functions properly or not and it can determine the type of an unknown chip. It can test as many as more than 700 kinds of IC. It is characterized by easy operation, high testing speed and great portability. Its price is only about one-third that of the imported product of its kind/the same kind.III、1. It is important how the transmitting antenna pattern is determined./What is important is how to determine the transmitting antenna pattern.2. δandδe can be obtained from Eqs. (3) and (4).3. There are two factors controlling the diffusive signal process: (1) the diffusive signal, which can be a brightness signal or a motion-matching signal;(2) the position of the diffusive signal, which determines where the diffusive process starts.4. The following concept is one of the basic principles on which the neural system is based.5. A method to increase the accuracy of range alignment by applying the forward-backward linear prediction is presented.练习18I、1. Frequency is defined as the rate at which something occurs./By frequency is meant the rate at which something happens.2. A thermometer is an instrument for measuring temperature.3. Elasticity is defined as the tendency of an object to return to its original state after being deformed./By elastic ity is meant the tendency ….4. An isosceles triangle is a triangle/one having two equal sides/having two。