【题型专项】概要写作精讲(一)

概要写作（1）：析、提、造、衔今天我来手把手指导一下概要写作的写作步骤。

先说概要写作的写作必备技能：概要写作分为四步：1.分析：语篇结构2.提取：段落关键词3.造句：用关键词来造句4.衔接：在五个句子之间探究逻辑关系解释：1.第一步：分析结构非常关键，会让你胸有成竹，知道每个段落的中心落脚点在哪里。

常见的结构是：现象、原因、建议；问题、原因、建议；现象、解释如果知道结构，那么进行原因概况时，不至于把无关例子的细节放进去，或者最后讲建议的时候，以为还是原因，从而把整个逻辑都搞乱了。

2.第二步：每个段落的主题句在哪里，要心里有谱。

但实际上很多人到了这一步就晕了。

英语的主题句一般都是段首句，但情况也是复杂的。

段落里的展开方式有很多种，我就说几种考试中常见的吧：导入观点1，批驳或进一步修正，解释。

这种就是修正观点了。

导入现象，进行解释，最后总结。

这种是最后总结句。

还有对比论证，分层罗列。

找到主题句，我们不要照抄，而是提取关键词。

可惜我们很多同学学的比较死，譬如我有时候说例子不要放进去，但是有些例子还是很重要的嘛，尤其是：主题句+分层次分析例子。

你把例子去掉后，会发现下面段落都连接不上了，怎么办？最好要把例子笼统化，然后提取一些关键词。

3.第三步，造句。

前面如果都大致不差的话，这一步造句只要不是照抄原句，即使造句非常简单，16分都会有。

但是如果想更高，你就要充分利用各种同义表达的高级短语和语法结构来架构了。

4.第四步，衔接。

把每个段落的概要都写好后，你会发现整体上逻辑似乎不怎么搭。

接下来你的任务就是在搞懂文章结构的基础上加衔接词或改变一些词汇。

（熟练的话，造句的时候就解决了）要使得文章逻辑通顺，你需要牢记三大衔接技能：加连接词；用指示或人称代词；重复关键词下面看题：（我校国庆节过后的周测试题）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Nowadays, it is most probable that you have an electronic device loaded with hundreds or even thousands of your favourite songs. At any moment, you can fill your headphones with the sounds of a particular song that suits your mood at that exact time.Music is so common. But have you realized the power of it? Are you getting ready for a big soccer match or do you need to get excited? Maybe some hip hop with a strong beat will do the trick! Besides, you might be ready to s tudy for a big exam the next day. To help you study better, a little bit of Mozart might make you remember things better.We may all have been moved by particular songs that spoke to us in somesituations. But is there any scientific evidence showing that music really has such effect on people? Of course, there is! Scientists have long recognized the power of music. Over the years, many studies have been done to examine in greater depth the nature and extent of the effects music has on people. Scientists at the University of Missouri have found that listening to music can have positive effects on your mood. Their research gives scientific credibility(可靠性) to the behavior that many people have already experienced on their own: listening to upbeat music can brighten your day and boost your mood.Other studies have shown that upbeat music isn't the only type of music that can be helpful, however. When people are sad or have suffered a sense of loss, sad music can be helpful because the tone and lyrics of the music can resonate (引起共鸣) with the listeners. Likewise, people under a lot of stress or experiencing upsetting situations can benefit from listening to angry music. Al-though angry music might not help you if you're in a normal mood, its tone can benefit you when you are dealing with stressful and upsetting situations.解题指导：一. 分析：语篇结构导入、主题、实验、结果看清楚了啊，这属于现象解释类的。

概要写作题型解读与技巧第一部分概要写作总体介绍1.题型介绍◆选材特点(1)所需阅读的短文词数在350以内;(2)所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。

◆评分参考阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;(3)上下文的连贯性;(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。

注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。

相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低;所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。

2考查能力概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。

写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。

这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。

因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

第二部分概要写作步骤和方法一．概括的写作步骤：1. 确定主题句。

确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。

没有主题句的需要自己组合。

2. 寻找关键词。

分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。

3. 重构主题句。

概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。

可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。

4. 重组支撑句。

支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。

口诀：简括为：缩长见短，省却细腻。

(括：概括性。

见：间接引语。

短：短的连词。

细腻：细节和例子)二．写概括的具体方法A.定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时;如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时;不过，模板的开头语一般为现在时如The passage tells us that----- - --.B.定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。

Exercise 1With only two weeks to go before Christmas, buying presents is a high priority for a lot of people. However, this year not so many people are leaving their homes to go shopping. These days lots of people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of the Internet.Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons: prices are often lower online; you don’t have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse.Both male and female are buying into the trend, but women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet than men. It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of online shopping than they used to be. Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to £ 240 (3.360 yuan) compared to the slightly lower average of £ 233 (3,262 yuan) for men.In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online. Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the Internet and the reliability of the Internet but as shopping online has become more widespread, these worries have begun to disappear. 45% of Internet users still do have security worries but it hasn’t slowed down the ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers.One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street. The average spending per person on the high street is only £197. 70% of Internet users who are now buying their Christmas gifts online.参考范文：This year, people are doing Christmas shopping online at home rather than leave their homes for cheaper goods and more convenience.(要点1) With increasing popularity of online shopping, women spend more than men.(要点2) Although safety is a major concern for shopping online,still more and more people choose to shop online.(要点3) With the pressure from widespread online shopping, traditional shops in the UK high street began their sales promotion earlier this Christmas.(要点4)分析过程：一、试题详解1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文,共分五段。

高考英语概要写作技巧讲解一、考点分析（一）考查内容：1、考查读懂文章内容的能力2、考查识别作者写作目的的能力3、考查归纳总结的能力4、考查组织文章的能力（二）评分要点•1）字数50左右•2）理解准确，涵盖全部要点•3）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇•4）完全使用自己的语言•5）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑二、专题详解定义：It is a brief, thorough and objectiverestatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.读者在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。

（三）写作方法Step 1.确定体裁，明确主题Step 2.明确文章结构（总-分，总-分-总，分-总，并列）Step 3. 划主题句与关键信息Step 4. 写纲要，打草稿Step 5. 润色成文1)找准体裁，提炼要点按体裁2)语言：同义词&词组替换；句式简化；句子重构①同义转换：近义词、同义词和词组的替换，尽量用单词替换短语（例improve=promote, of great importance = greatly important）②句式转换：简化句子结构（例如，定语从句改成分词作后置定语；状语从句改成非谓语作状语；）③句子重构：调整词类（名词、动词、形容词转换）、时态、语态（主动变被动）等3)衔接（替换；省略；增加）：表逻辑关系的连接词替换：并列关系and, moreover, furthermore, in addition,转折关系but, instead, however, on the other hand省略：并列观点有时可省略连接词;记叙文可省略衔接词。

增加：按逻辑关系，补充连接词firstly…, secondly…, finally…;and…, moreover…, furthermore…; but, instead, however,例（一）_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary:Chris, whose job is exciting and dangerous, works for MFS. Chris and other MFS’s doctors need to be ready to go almost anywhere in the world and might be sent on an emergency task. Christ thinks his job is meaningful/helpful and he gains a lot. （同义词转换）_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _______________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary ：People from countryside generally live longer than city people because they enjoy many advantagessuch as close with nature, physicalwork, being free from urban pressure, more free walk, quiet and peaceful environment, fresh food, etc. （句式改变）_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Keys:Windbreak, which is formed by trees and other plants, is used by farmers to protect their land from damage by farming and the forces of the nature. Windbreak can protect the crops and help improve grain production. However, windbreak should be planted properly to work its best.练习实战练习（一）One hot night last August, I tried everything I could think of—a warm bottle, songs, etc. to make him fall into sleep, but he just couldn’t do it. Since I believed that a long night was waiting for me ahead, I had no choice but to bring a TV into his room to kill off the hours until dawn. I was surprised that the moment I turned on the TV, the baby became quiet right away and fixed his little eyes brightly on the screen. Not willing to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then tiptoed(用脚失走）out of the room, leaving him to watch the boring TV programs.I heard no more of the baby’s crying that night and the next morning when I went int o his room, I found him still watching TV by himself. I found there was a metaphor (暗喻) in my baby’s behavior for the new generation. When I gave my boy some books to go over, he only spit upon them; when I read to him, he did not feel comfortable. So is it in the schools with my students. I find that our students don’t read and they look down upon reading and make light of those of us who teach it. All they want to do is to watch TV. After this experience with the baby, however, I have drawn a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight against it? Let them watch what they want!_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary：The writer tried everything to make her baby fall asleep but failed. Surprisingly, when she turned on the TV, the baby kept quiet himself. Then she found that her students liked watching TV as much as her baby. So the writer suggested that we should let children watch what they want.实战练习（二）More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that’s why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today.Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost! Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighbourhood. You may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You don’t even have to ride all the way.Folding bikes work well for people who take the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travelers.Health Benefits of Bicycling: It helps to prevent heart diseases. Bicycling helps to control your weight. A 15-minute bike ride to and from work three times a week bums off five kilos of fat in a year. Bicycling can improve your mood. Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident. Bicycling is healthier than driving._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary:Many people like bicycling because it’s fun, heathy and good for environment and it’s easy to stop and get off. Sometimes folding bikes can be taken with you on an airplane or a train. Most importantly, bicycling has a lot of health benefits.强化练习练习（一）Understanding body language is important to success, whether in the business world or in ourpersonal lives. However, some of our ideas about body language are wrong, according to modern communication research.There is a belief that people with shifty(变化的) eyes are probably lying. As Paul Ekman says, “When we asked people how they could tell if someone was lying, too much blinking(眨眼) and shifty eyes were the answers.” Ekman goes on to argue against such a wrong belief. Although this kind of body language is probably an expression of nervousness, it is not always because the person is lying. Shyness can, for example, make people shift their eyes. To understand what someone’s behavior means, you have to watch them carefully.There is also a belief that when meeting someone, the more eye contact, the better. As a result people would like to make initial (开始的) contact in formal situations, like a job interview, by staring fixedly at the other human. Yet Ekman points out that most of us are comfortable with eye contact lasting a few seconds，but any eye contact that is longer than that cm make us nervous.In short, you must carefully consider the speaker and the speaking environment. Experts suggest that unless you know about someone’s basic communication style, you will have little hope in understanding their true feelings through body language. In other words, body language carries important but not always true messages._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary:The passage argues two wrong ideas about body language. One is that people believe shifty eyes means that person is lying. The other is that people believe the more eye contact, the better during communication. Finally, the writer gives us a suggestion that we should be careful when we judge somebody body language.练习（二）Linda Evans was my best friend—like the sister I never had. We did everything together: having piano lessons, going to movies, swimming, and horseback riding.When I was 13, my family moved away. Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special time—like my wedding and Linda’s. Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often. One day a card that I sent came back, stamped “Address Unknown.” I had no idea how to find Linda.Over the years, I missed Linda very much. I wanted to share happiness of my children and then grandchildren. And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died. There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman—Linda's married name. “There must be thousands of Wagmans,” I thought, but I still wrote to her.She called as soon as she got my letter. “Mrs. Tobin!’’ she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagman is my mother.Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on each other’s lives. Now the empty place in my heart is filled. And there’s one th ing that Linda and I know for sure: We won’t lose each other again!_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary：Linda Ev ans and the writer are best friends. After the writer’s family moved away, they kept in touch through letters. Then, they were all busy and wrote letters often. Finally, they lost in touch with each other and the writer felt empty. After 40 years, the writ er found Linda and they won’t lose each other again.1．他利用她人好心软，三番五次向她借钱。

2021届高考英语概要写作深度解读（一）阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Until 2017, the Emperor penguin was listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, but as of 2018, they are listed as Near-Threatened because they are predicted to suffer a moderately rapid population decline over the next three generations owing to the effects of climate change. The number one threat to their survival is global warming. H ere’s how it has affected Emperor penguins and what we should do.A decrease in the amount of sea ice formation, which is caused by climate change, impacts the future of the Emperor penguin. Many Emperor penguins breed on ice shelves that only form during the Antarctic winter. There have been times in recent years when the ice shelves have melte d back faster or sooner than usual. Many of the chicks haven’t completely fledged (长出飞羽) into their waterproof feathers by the time the ice melts back to their habitats, and they are forced into the cold ocean waters, where they die of cold exposure or drowning.One thing that less sea ice definitely affects is food for the penguins. One of their food sources is krill (磷虾), and the sea-ice shelves serve as a nursery for the krill. The newly-born krill feed on the algae (水藻) that grow on the underside of the sea ice. When there is less sea ice, there is less algae for the krill to feed on, and consequently less krill is produced.Measures should be taken to protect these animals. People can donate to organizations that are working to protect Emperor penguins and other penguin species, and our oceans in general. Reducing your impact on the environment, in particular, is something you can do—you can make these tiny changes to lower your carbon footprint every day. You can also be mindful about reducing seafood consumption and eating sustainably caught seafood, as overfishing is the second greatest threat to nearly every penguin species today. Also, avoid using supplements and other products that contain krill or krill oil.【语言点津】第一段：moderately adv. 适中的，中等；Emperor penguin （皇）帝企鹅；Near-Threatened 近危物种第二段：breed vi.生育，繁殖；Antarctic adj.南极的；ice shelf 冰架；waterproof feathers 防水羽毛Many of the chicks haven’t completely fledged (长出飞羽) into their waterproof feathers by the time the ice melts back to their habitats, and they are forced into the cold ocean waters, where they die of cold exposure or drowning.[分析] 该句是一个并列复合句，主干是由and连接的并列句；by the time引导时间状语从句；where引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the cold ocean waters；waters在文中指水域。

第一部分千里之行----题型解读第一节题型概述概要写作是新高考中出现的又一个新题型，大部分考生都没有接触过这类题型。

它和读后续写两种题型会在不同考次不定期交替使用。

比如，浙江省自2017年使用新高考试题以来，分别于2018年11月和2019年6月两次使用概要写作，试题如下：阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus ( 校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out! If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at th e very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit.Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors ( 顾问), and it won’t cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at . While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision aboutwhich colleges or universities you’d like to attend. （349词）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

新高考英语作文新题型(summary writing) 2019级高一英语学案新高考英语作文新题型——概要写作一、概要写作题型特点概要写作（summary）是指用简洁、精练的语言，对原文的主旨大意进行高度浓缩的一种写作形式。

这一题型考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力，同时也考查学生的写作能力，即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。

因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

从《考试说明》上对概要写作的评分原则以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中，我们可以发现概要写作有以下特点：1.客观性：概要写作是一种客观的复述，要全面、忠实地再现作者的思想，不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内容。

考生应通过释义的方式，用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容，不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法或做出任何评判。

2.简洁性：概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇，通过删除原文中的细节、减少例证、简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性，但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。

3.连贯性：概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。

写概要时，必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。

写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。

二、评分原则考试说明》中关于概要的评分原则中第一条：本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分；评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。

其中最高档次第五档（21-25分）的给分描述如下：理解准确，涵盖全部要点；能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑；完全使用自己的语言。

三、解题思路概要写作需要考生先通读全文，理解文章的主旨大意和关键词，然后根据文章的结构和逻辑关系，用自己的语言对主要内容进行浓缩，写出一篇语义连贯的短文。

上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summar y)上海高考英语新题型之概要写作澄衷高级中学孙吉从2017 年起，上海英语高考试卷的题型将面临许多调整，其中之一便是增加了概要写作( Summary writing)，也有许多人将之称为“小作文”。

概要写作分值占据15 分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。

概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250 字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60 字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary的要”求。

一．正确认识概要写作1.Definition of summary writing （概要写作的定义）By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book.2.Key points of a summary （概要写作的要点）Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information.Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner.Accuracy （准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.Objectivity （客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.3.Steps to write a summary （概要写作的步骤）1）Skim the text to find out the general theme.2）A nalyze the text 's structure to divide it into severioanl s,e fcitnd out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. （one sentence）3）W rite down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details.4）O rganize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.4.Beginning of a summary （概要写作的开头）Begin your summary with: *The author ' s name *The article ' s or chapter 's name*The author 's thsetsaiste ment—a general overview（survey） of the article. The Body:First of all, the author describes ⋯⋯He then points out that ⋯⋯In addition, the author talks about ⋯⋯Finally , the author suggests ⋯⋯Some other introductory phrases: *(The author) states in (this article) that ⋯*(The author), in (this article) shows that ⋯*In (this article), (the author) writes that ⋯*As (the author) says in (this article), ⋯*The main idea of (the author ' s article) is ⋯*The author believes (holds; maintains; claims; argues; points out; suggests; proposes) that + clause⋯*The author talks about (explains; describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n. 二．记叙文概要写作要点点拨记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。