知到选修课答案西方文化经典之旅课后作业答案.docx

第一章测试1.影视作品和文学作品的表达媒介是相同的。

（）A:对B:错答案:B2.古希腊神话是许多欧美文学经典的灵感来源。

（）A:对B:错答案:A3.英国短篇小说《台风》的作者是（）。

A:加西亚·马尔克斯B:康拉德C:莎士比亚D:艾丽丝·沃克答案:B4.美国思想家、文学家埃默生提供的三条阅读原则是（）。

A:不是名著不阅读B:不阅读任何写出来不到一年的书C:只阅读自己喜欢的书D:只阅读自己能理解的书答案:ABC5.西方文化艺术的两大基本源头是（）。

A:古希腊文化B:埃及文化C:玛雅文化D:基督教文化答案:AD第二章测试1.古希腊文明的前身是克里特-迈锡尼文明。

（）A:对B:错答案:A2.古希腊古风时期最突出的文学成就体现在戏剧领域。

（）A:对B:错答案:B3.《理想国》的作者是（）。

A:苏格拉底B:荷马C:亚里士多德D:柏拉图答案:D4.荷马史诗是英雄格诗体，每行（）个音步。

A:六B:四C:五D:七答案:A5.《奥德赛》的艺术特征是（）。

A:只有奥德修斯回乡这一条线索B:是风格崇高的肃剧第三章：古印度史诗《摩诃婆罗多》C:使用了程式化套语D:运用了荷马式比喻答案:CD第三章测试1.《摩诃婆罗多》之中的“摩诃”是大的意思。

（）A:对B:错答案:A2.《摩诃婆罗多》的主要故事是一场争抢配偶的大战。

（）A:错B:对答案:A3.传说中《摩诃婆多罗》的作者是（）。

A:毗耶娑B:毗湿摩C:毗湿奴D:毗罗吒答案:A4.印度列国纷争时期的新兴势力反对的是哪个种姓的特权（）。

A:首陀罗B:刹帝利C:婆罗门D:吠舍答案:C5.《摩诃婆罗多》中主要成分为说教的章节有（）。

A:《初篇》B:《教诫篇》C:《和平篇》D:《薄伽梵歌》答案:BCD第四章测试1.世界上最早的一部长篇写实小说是（）。

A:《源氏物语》B:《红楼梦》C:《十日谈》D:《摩诃婆罗多》答案:A2.紫式部名字中的“式部”二字来源于她的父亲藤原为时担任的官职式部大丞（）A:对B:错答案:A3.《源氏物语》最早版本可以追溯到（）A:泉屋本B:青表纸本C:江户本D:河内本答案:BD4.日本江户时代本居宣长指出《源氏物语》的主题就是（）。

智慧树知到《西方文学经典鉴赏》章节测试答案智慧树知到《西方文学经典鉴赏》章节测试答案第1章单元测试1、西方文学的范围包括答案：法国文学2、属于西方文学中"希腊传统'的作品不包括答案：圣经3、文艺复兴时期的西方作家不包括答案：歌德4、19世纪西方现实主义作家不包括答案：但丁5、自文艺复兴运动至19世纪晚期，西方国家先后经历过的文学思潮有答案：人文主义、古典主义、启蒙主义、浪漫主义、现实主义6、下列对于"西方文学'表述不正确的是：（）答案：包括西半球的所有文学7、西方文学的两大源头包括：（）答案：古希腊、古希伯来'8、下列对于西方文学流派发展顺序排列正确的是：（）答案：文艺复兴-古典主义-启蒙主义-浪漫主义-现实主义9、下面学习西方文学的方法与"关联阅读'有关的是：（）答案：将作品与所属时代、思潮流派等的一般特征相印证、将文学作品与雕塑、绘画、电影等其他艺术形式相联系、考察中西文学的影响关系或共通性10、下列哪些作品属于"西方文学'：（）答案：《神曲》、《傲慢与偏见》、《伊利亚特》第2章单元测试1、荷马史诗《伊利亚特》中所用的饰词"佩琉斯之子'是指谁？答案：阿基琉斯2、《伊利亚特》以哪两个人物的矛盾为开端？答案：阿基琉斯与阿伽门农3、《伊利亚特》塑造了众多的人物形象，其中的一个核心人物是：答案：阿基琉斯4、希腊神话中关于特洛伊战争起源的说法，错误的是答案：赫拉、雅典娜与阿芙洛狄忒直接找到特洛伊王子帕里斯，强迫他把金苹果判给自己5、《伊利亚特》中的战争发生在：答案：迈锡尼文明时期6、下列对史诗《伊利亚特》表述准确的是：（）答案：采用的神话版本、主题是"阿基琉斯的愤怒"7、荷马史诗由以下那几部作品组成：（）答案：《伊利亚特》、《奥德赛》8、下列关于特洛伊表述正确的是：（）答案：位于小亚细亚西岸，现土耳其境内、地处欧亚海陆交通要冲，代表东方、公元前12世纪末发生与希腊交战、经济发达，繁荣富足9、荷马史诗《伊利亚特》中所用的饰词"佩琉斯之子'是指（）答案：阿基琉斯10、在古希腊"金苹果'的传说中，哪三位女神向特洛伊王子帕里斯许诺：（）答案：赫拉、雅典娜、阿芙洛狄忒第3章单元测试1、但丁创作《神曲》时的处境与下列哪位诗人相似：答案：屈原2、在《神曲》开头拦住但丁去路的是：答案：狼、狮、豹3、在地狱第九圈，撒旦的三张嘴中咬着的三个背叛者不包括答案：尤利西斯4、在1292-1293年之间，但丁把赞美贝雅特丽齐的诗歌用散文串联起来，结集为答案：《新生》5、《神曲地狱篇》第五歌中，弗兰采斯加说"该隐狱在等候那个残害我们生命的人'，这个人是指答案：祈安启托6、下列对于但丁生平的说法不正确的是：（）答案：古罗马最伟大的诗人之一7、但丁写作《神曲》的时间是：（）答案：被佛罗伦萨当局流放之后8、但丁在《神曲》中所抒发的忧愤、思乡与爱国之情，同哪位中国诗人的创作处境相通：（）答案：辛弃疾9、在《神曲》中，教皇卜尼法斯八世（1294-1303在位）被关在了地狱的第几层？（）答案：810、下列对于西方历史发展中的"中世纪"，说法不准确的是：（）答案：始于东罗马帝国灭亡、黑暗而愚昧第4章单元测试1、塞万提斯在《堂吉诃德》中写了乡绅堂吉诃德的冒险游侠经历，共有：答案：三次2、《堂吉诃德》中，关于堂吉诃德大战风车，以下哪种叙述是正确的？答案：他把风车当成了巨人3、塞万提斯写作《堂吉诃德》的初衷主要是为了讽刺哪种文学？答案：骑士文学4、以下哪部作品不属于堂吉诃德的《训诫小说集》？答案：《被围困的奴曼西亚》5、关于《堂吉诃德》的艺术特色，描述有误的是答案：《堂吉诃德》结构十分严谨，没有旁逸斜出6、塞万提斯的作品，除《堂吉诃德》外，还有：（）答案：《训诫小说集》7、据自己的说法，《堂吉诃德》第二部的创作是因为：（）答案：书肆有人伪造续作8、下列对于《训诫小说集》说法正确的是：（）答案：反映了西班牙内忧外患、日趋败落的社会现实、展现了塞万提斯的人文主义理想、吸收了流浪汉小说和骑士小说的长处、充满神奇色彩和异国情调9、下列哪些人物出自《堂吉诃德》：（）答案：吉哈达、桑丘、参孙10、《堂吉诃德》体现了以下哪些艺术特色？（）答案："线性结构'与"环形结构'相结合、合理运用对比和夸张手法、采用"多元'的叙事技巧第5章单元测试1、哈姆莱特在哪里接受大学教育？( )答案：德国威登堡2、莎士比亚的"四大悲剧'是答案：《奥赛罗》《哈姆莱特》《李尔王》《麦克白》3、关于《哈姆莱特》的剧情和人物，表述正确的是：答案：哈姆莱特把《贡扎古之死》改编成了《捕鼠机》4、以下叙述错误的是（）答案：增加洗洁精的用量可以把餐具洗得更干净。

(1) Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology which was fully developed by the religious tales of the Homeric epic and thus affected the later development of all kinds of Greek culture.Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC–547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water. His philosophy was materialism. He was followed by Pythagoras who assumed that the key to the understanding of the world is numbers, on the opposition of the spokesman for idealism.The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, but was keen on probing into the definition of some ethical and behavioral issues, such as “friendship”and “courage”.Plato established the Academy －the first Greek institution of higher learning. His contributions included his theory of ideas and his arguments on “republic”which was supposed to embrace his ideals about a future state where humans could enjoy a happy life. Aristotle is also a learned man and his work covers wide-ranging areas. His reputation as a philosopher largely depends on his argument on metaphysics which he tried to achieve a compromise between matter and divinity. Literary representation centred round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey, lyrical poetry by Sappho and Pindar and drama by Aeschylus, Euripides and Aristophanes. Their works combined Greek myths and social life and won much appreciation and enthusiasm from the public.In science the mathematician Euclid established plane geometry and Archimedes discovered the ratio of radius of a circle and the relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere.(2) What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture. The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on the Western civilization. The Greeks were the first to successfully create a government based on the consensus of the people and thus provided a foundation for Western democracy.The second significant influence was that of philosophy. The Socratic idea about ethics and knowledge helped the Westerners care more for the effect of knowledge and value of morality, both of which give sound guidance to people in the later years to improve and change the world outside themselves, i.e., human society and the natural world.Later generations of Westerners have benefited a lot from Greek culture, such as those in painting, sculpture, architecture, drama, poetry and historical works. Classicism had Greek culture as one of the crucial sources, and this has helped Westerners so much that they ascribed the origin of the Renaissance to it. This changed the intellectual conditions of the later medieval period and opened the way to the modern era in the West.Chapter 21. Tell briefly the major characteristics and contributions of Roman culture, as are demonstrated in religion, poetry, history and architecture.In the early period, Roman culture often depended heavily on the introduction and imitation of other cultures, particularly, Greek culture. Thus Romans created their own powerful culture, laying the foundation for subsequent Western culture in many fields. According to Greek culture and others’ culture; they created their own gods and myth, In poetry, ancient Rome made brilliant achievements,Livy was responsible for the great History of Rome in 142 volumes. His work has always been cited by later statesmen, writers or scholars,The architecture of Ancient Rome adopted the Greek style for its own purposes, but the Romans also developed a new kind.2. In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture? Give examples.Roman culture learned and inherited a lot from Greek culture.,religion, philosophy and literature. In religion, Rome had its own system of beliefs which had been simple and could hardly compare with the plurality of Greek religion. The same is true of Roman philosophy where we could find examples ,In literature, Roman men of letters also borrowed a All in all, the two cultures are closely linkedgreat deal from Greek culture.Chapter 31. How was the Jewish civilization developed after a tortuous history of split and unification? The major explanation for the development of the Jewish civilization is its strong cohesiveness and vitality,they put into effect their Judaist beliefs and what they read of Judaist scriptures.From then on Jews have begun to become aware of the necessicity to liberate themselves from the restrictive laws and acquire new knowledge and modern ideas from the Europeans, Most of Jews thus received a good education, fully armed with cultural and scientific knowledge and did well in their own position they could quickly turn it into a well developed nation in spite of its small size and small population .2．Say something about Judaism and The Old Testament.The Old Testament is the Judaist Bible. It was written in Hebrew, including the three parts：Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. After The Old Testament was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars，many westerners began to understand Judaism by reading this book. It is not only of religious value but also of literatry value.Chapter 41. What are the main components of Christianity and why could it be accepted as the official religion first by the Roman Empire and then by the following kingdoms or empires in Europe?(1)The main components of Christianity are ：1) The Bible as the only Christian scripture;Major Christian doctrines about Trinity and Redemption;3) Other doctrines or events of Christianity:(2 )Christianity is accepted and popular in Europe because of these factors:1).For the common people in the empire ,they needed something to fill up their spiritual vacuum. Christianity could play such a role.2). It could work together with any secular regimes to offer necessary assistance.3). The name and influence of Christiaity would be a symbol of sacredness and justification,4) Christianity is also a kind of culture, it could be tolerated because their life and propertycould thus be secured in the changed circumstances.2. What are the basic differences between Christianity and Judaism?In spite of the fact that the two religions derived from Jewish culture, there are some basic differences between them.First is the different image of God.Second is different view of God. Jehovah is viewed He is like fire or wind .God is kinder and more helpful, Third is the different position each religion is located in and hence would make different contribution. Fourth is Jehovah was important to Jews only in theory and affect them in spirit occasionally while Christianity moved into secular life for the Westerner as Pope and churches became very powerful .Chapter 61.Tell simply the background and development of the Renaissance.It was no accident that it first occurred in Florence and Italy where the early signs of capitalism had appeared at the same time as social chaos, political disputes and military clashes , more and more people began to suspect the justification for those who held the power,Painting and sculpture were the first area to reflect the change of subjects and tastes.(2) What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.The Renaissance is characterised by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate. Instances could be located in these areas, such as the huge change of subjects and styles in painting. The medieval painting used to centre on depicting Jesus Christ and other Christian subjects, not only effecting similar and the limited subject matter, but also depicting stylistically facial expressions and manners. The great artists in the Renaissance started to focus on the images with individualistic temperament, highlighting humanity instead of divinity, thus breaking away from the medieval frozen models and linking classicalism with human nature as the centre of their representational work.最新文件---------------- 仅供参考--------------------已改成word文本--------------------- 方便更改。

智慧树知到《东方遇见西方跨文化交际之旅》章节测试答案1、【单选题】(20分)How many types of culture mentioned in this chapter?BA、5B、2C、4D、32、【单选题】(20分)Which kind of expression does not be included in immaterial aspects of culture?DA、scienceB、literatureC、principles of social organizationD、art3、【单选题】(20分)Technology belongs to __A______?A、material cultureB、immaterial cultureC、scienceD、None of them4、【单选题】(20分)Eye contact shows competence in western cultures whereas, while Asian cultures find too much eye contact disrespectful. This fact illustrates one of five elements involved in communication process-----_____A___.A、ContextB、MessageC、ParticipantsD、Feedback5、【单选题】(20分)A fragrant scent or a warm hug may contribute as much to meaning as what is seen or heard. This fact illustrates one of five elements involved in communication process-----____C____.A、MessageB、ParticipantsC、ChannelsD、Feedback第二章1、【单选题】(20分)What does paralanguage study?DA、SpaceB、GesturesC、TimeD、Vocal elements2、【单选题】(20分)Deception is typically thought of as the intentional act of (B) information for certain communicative purposes CA、exaggeratingB、concealingC、alteringD、omitting3、【单选题】(20分)How long should a person maintain eye contact with his or her audience while talking?CA、20%-30% of the timeB、30%-40% of the timeC、60%-70% of the timeD、50%-60% of the time4、【单选题】(20分)If some people clench teeth or fists to show endurance or anger without saying anything, for what is the nonverbal cue used?AA、SubstitutingB、ComplementingC、RegulatingD、Contradicting5、【单选题】(20分)In which of the following cases is it okay to be five minutes late without having to offer much of an apology or explanation? AA、Family reunionB、Job interviewC、First dateD、Work第三章。

智慧树西方文学经典鉴赏章答案第一篇：智慧树西方文学经典鉴赏章答案目录目录........................................................................................................................... .......................1 第一章........................................................................................................................... . (1)一、《伊利亚特》 (1)第二章........................................................................................................................... . (4)二、《神曲》....................................................................................................................... ......4 第三章........................................................................................................................... . (6)三、塞万提斯...........................................................................................................................6 第四章........................................................................................................................... . (8)四、莎士比亚...........................................................................................................................8 第五章........................................................................................................................... .. (10)五、歌德的《浮士德》.........................................................................................................10 第六章........................................................................................................................... .. (13)六、斯丹达尔 (1)3 第七章........................................................................................................................... .. (15)七、《简.爱》.............................................................................................................. ............15 第八章........................................................................................................................... .. (17)八、托尔斯泰 (1)7 第九章........................................................................................................................... .. (19)九、易卜生........................................................................................................................... ..19 第十章........................................................................................................................... .. (21)十、哈代........................................................................................................................... ......21 手动整理，请注意选项顺序，下方为智慧树校核后答案，请放心使用！第一章一、《伊利亚特》1【单选题】(5分)下列关于《伊利亚特》的说法不正确的是：A.《伊利亚特》描写了10年战争中的51天战事和其他活动B.《伊利亚特》是由荷马独立创作完成的C.《伊利亚特》表现了英雄主义精神D.《伊利亚特》堪称古希腊生活的百科全书正确• 5分 2 【单选题】(5分)关于《伊利亚特》，说法正确的是A.《伊利亚特》描写了海伦被帕里斯拐到特洛伊的经过。

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。

住在富人区的她华中师范大学智慧树知到“选修课”《外国文学经典赏析》网课测试题答案（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.托尔斯泰创作最突出的特点是()A.内心独白B.全景式的史诗性叙事艺术C.人物再现法D.明喻2.《欧也妮·葛朗台》小说最大的成就是塑造了一个()典型。

A.英雄B.商人C.吝啬鬼D.国王3.浮士德的人生包括以下几个阶段：()A.知识悲剧B.爱情悲剧C.政治悲剧D.美的悲剧E.事业悲剧4.对但丁的创作影响很深的两件事是()A.友情B.父母离世C.爱情D.佛罗伦萨的党争和放逐生涯E.师徒情5.卡西莫多是哪部小说中的人物()A.《安娜·卡列尼娜》B.《巴黎圣母院》C.《战争与和平》D.《一个地主的早晨》6.《红与黑》的突出成就表现在塑造了()这个形象A.堂吉诃德B.浮士德C.哈姆雷特D.于连7.威廉·莎士比亚是欧洲文艺复兴时期的巨人，世界戏剧史上的泰斗。

()T.对F.错8.《伊利昂纪》写的是()和()之间长达10年之久的战争。

A.希腊B.罗马C.特洛伊D.古印度E.古埃及9.普罗旺斯的诗歌是在民间发展起来的，它的形式多半借助民歌形式演化而成。

()T.对F.错10.欧洲中世纪文学按其性质分类，主要包括()A.教会文学B.史诗与谣曲C.大众文学D.骑士文学E.城市市民文学11.《荷马史诗》是古希腊文学辉煌的代表，两千年来一直被看作是欧洲叙事诗的典范。

() T.对F.错12.以下作品中是但丁的著作的是()A.《神曲》B.《飨宴》C.《论俗语》D.《帝制论》E.《荷马史诗》13.()和()一起被人们称为现实主义文学中两座最高、最辉煌的峰峦。

A.莎士比亚B.列夫·托尔斯泰C.巴尔扎克D.狄更斯E.但丁14.但丁赞美人的才能和智慧，对古典文化推崇备至，称荷马是()A.诗人之王B.哲学家的大师C.智慧的海洋D.其他诗人的荣誉和光明15.19世纪浪漫主义文学的艺术特点表现在()A.强调个人感情的自由抒发，有强烈的主观性B.对各种艺术形式进行了卓有成效的探索C.对民间文学的重视以及诗体长篇小说的创造D.惯用对比和夸张，重视丑的美学价值，大力提倡想象E.喜欢忧郁感伤的情调第2卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.莎士比亚喜剧浪漫风格的基本特征是()A.肯定性、歌颂性主题所奠定的乐观开朗的基调B.女性形象的优美绝伦焕发出了明媚艳丽的独特光彩C.抒情与写景的有机结合构成了优美恬适的喜剧氛围D.莎士比亚喜剧的浪漫性、抒情性，也与莎士比亚所运用的喜剧语言有关E.诗意和机敏相结合的产物，因而洋溢出了绮丽、诙谐的特异光彩2.《贝奥武甫》是流传迄今的欧洲最完整的一部史诗。

绪论单元测试1.旅游是展示和传承文化的一种重要形式。

（）A:对B:错答案:A2.本课程借用《大河之舞》介绍了美国的踢踏舞。

（）A:对B:错答案:B3.自20世纪80年代以来，文化旅游逐渐成为现代旅游业发展的主流之一。

（）A:对B:错答案:A4.课程借2014年习近平主席访问新西兰，介绍毛利文化。

（）A:对B:错答案:A5.课程借用电影《霍比特人》，介绍澳大利亚的自然风光。

（）A:错B:对答案:A6._____是旅游之魂。

（）A:景点B:文化C:服务D:游客答案:B7.本课程主要介绍了______个英语国家旅游文化。

（）A:8B:7C:5D:6答案:D8.下列哪个国家没有出现在本课程讨论内容中？（）A:澳大利亚B:新西兰C:南非D:爱尔兰答案:C9.本课程借用《爸爸去哪》节目内容推介了哪个国家的风光？（）A:加拿大B:新西兰C:美国D:英国答案:B10.本课程借用《哈利波特与混血王子》电影推介了哪个景点？（）A:尼亚加拉瀑布B:黄石公园C:科罗拉多大峡谷D:莫赫悬崖答案:D第一章测试1.During the First World War, Britain allied with ______.A:Germany and Austria-HungaryB:the Central PowersC:TurkeyD:France and Russia答案:D2.Who was the man that led Britain in the crisis of the Second World War?A:Neville ChamberlainB:George VIC:Theodore RooseveltD:Winston Churchill答案:D3.Over the past one thousand years, the British ______ has been broken onlyonce between 1649 and 1660.A:ParliamentB:MonarchyC:Privy CouncilD:Cabinet答案:B4.Which of the following king was responsible for the complete establishmentof the feudal system in England?A:Alfred the GreatB:Henry IIC:William the ConquerorD:Edward I答案:C5.The English Renaissance was largely literary, and it achieved its finestexpression in the so-called ______.A:Romantic poetryB:Elizabethan poetryC:Elizabethan dramaD:Romantic fiction答案:C6.The favorite beverage of Britain is coffee, which is typically had between 4and 6 pm.A:对B:错答案:B7.The author of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll, was aprofessor in Cambridge University.A:错B:对答案:A8.Hong Kong was transferred to China in 1997.A:对B:错答案:A9.London wa s UNESCO’s first City of Literature.A:错B:对答案:A10.Glasgow was recognized as a UNESCO City of Music in 2008.A:错B:对答案:B第二章测试1.Which of the following is not a color of the national flag of the Republic ofIreland?A:GreenB:OrangeC:WhiteD:Red答案:D2.In recent years, Ireland has attracted many international students for thefollowing reasons except ________.A:high education qualityB:competitive tuitionC:comparatively low living costD:convenient transportation答案:D3.“When You Are Old” is a poem written by_______.A:W. B. YeatsB:George Bernard ShawC:Robert BurnsD:William Shakespeare答案:A4._______ is the high season for visitor to Ireland.A:SummerB:WinterC:AutumnD:Spring答案:A5.Who visited China in 1933?A:James JoyceB:HemingwayC:Bernard ShawD:Yeats答案:C6.Jonathan Swift is an Irish satirist.A:对B:错答案:A7. A guided tour given by students in Trinity College is informative and free.A:错B:对答案:A8.Irish people often add some coffee into the pot when they make Irish stew.A:错B:对答案:A9.Kissing the Blarney Stone is believed to make one happier.A:对B:错答案:B10.Irish people are tea lovers and they drink more tea than Chinese people onaverage.A:错B:对答案:B第三章测试1.In “The Old Man and the Sea” Hemingway praises the old man’s attitudetowards________．A:defeat and failureB:natureC:the seaD:his work答案:A2.In order to remember George Washington, ________．A:a tall monument was built in the capitalB:an expensive car was named after himC:a memorial hall was built in Washington D.C.D:a memorial hall was built in his birthplace答案:Apleted in 1974 in Chicago, ________used to be the tallest building in theworld.A:The Twin TowersB:The Sears TowerC:The Empire state buildingD:The Chrysler Building答案:B4.In the 1930s, the American foreign policy was isolationism, but the ______suddenly changed the whole situation, which propelled the U.S. into World War II.A:Pearl Harbor attackB:bombing of Guam islandC:seizing of American merchant shipsD:sinking of American passenger ships答案:A5.The most important patriotic holiday in the U.S. is ______.A:Veterans’ DayB:HalloweenC:Thanksgiving DayD:Independence Day答案:D6.NATO is a regional economic organization.A:对B:错答案:B7.The United States’ national flag is older than the Union Jack of Britain.A:对B:错答案:A8.The Americans are accustomed to giving tips for those who serve them.A:对B:错答案:A9.Americans no longer use the old British system of measurement while theBritish still use.A:对B:错答案:B10.The U.S. ranks 3rd in the world in terms of population.A:对B:错答案:A第四章测试1.________ is the largest city in Canada.A:MontrealB:OttawaC:TorontoD:Vancouver答案:C2.________ has historically been used as a Canadian symbol.A:The polar bearB:The maple leafC:The penguinD:The eucalyptus leaf答案:B3.. When did Canada recognize the People’s Republic of China?A:In 1970B:In 1978C:In 1976D:In 1972答案:A4.________ was the biggest tourist-generating country for short term visits toCanada in 2016.A:The U.S.B:AustraliaC:ChinaD:The U.K.答案:A5.________ is the capital of Canada.A:TorontoB:MontrealC:VancouverD:Ottawa答案:D6.Margaret Atwood thinks “innovation” should be the central symbol ofCanadian literature.A:对B:错答案:B7.Hockey is Canada’s oldest spor t.A:对B:错答案:B8.The CN Tower is a bit taller than the Oriental Pearl TV Tower in ShanghaiA:对B:错答案:A9.Niagara Falls can be admired in both Canada and Mexico.A:错B:对答案:A10.Canada is famous for its high-quality ice wine.A:错B:对答案:B第五章测试1.________ is the largest city of Australia.A:PerthB:SydneyC:CanberraD:Melbourne答案:B2.The European discovery of the continent by Dutch explorers was in________．A:1708B:1778C:1678D:1606答案:D3.The population of Australia is similar to that of _________.A:LondonB:Washington D.C.C:ShanghaiD:Hong Kong答案:C4.Australia Day marks ________.A:the discovery of AustraliaB:the foundation of the first British colonyC:the foundation of the commonwealth of AustraliaD:independence of Australia答案:B5.Which of the following is not on the Australian Coat of Arms?A:KangarooB:EmuC:KookaburraD:Wattle答案:C6.It is illegal to eat the kangaroo in Australia.A:对B:错答案:B7.Christianity is the official national religion in Australia.A:错B:对答案:A8.Many introduced animals and plants are popular among Australians.A:错B:对答案:A9.The main feature of Australia’s trade is that it has always involved theexchange of raw materials for finished products.A:对B:错答案:A10.Australia used to be a penal colony for British government in history.A:错B:对答案:B第六章测试1.It was________ who came to New Zealand and claimed the land for the British.A:Edward Sibbon WakefieldB:William HobsonC:Abel TasmanD:James Cook答案:D2.Who are the Maori?A:The native island people of New ZealandB:A tribe of indigenous people who lived in America before the arrival of EuropeansC:Ancient nomadic warrior tribes that settled in Great Britain and Ireland D:The original people of Australia答案:A3.What is a Kiwi?A:A fruit from New ZealandB:A bird from New ZealandC:The colloquial demonym for New ZealandersD:All of the above mentioned答案:D4.Which of the following is NOT the official language of New Zealand?A:MāoriB:New Zealand Sign LanguageC:EnglishD:French答案:D5.________ is the capital of New Zealand.A:ChristchurchB:AucklandC:HamiltonD:Wellington答案:D6.The biggest tourist generating country for New Zealand is the US.A:对B:错答案:B7.Over three-quarters of the population live on the North Island because it isflatter than the South Island.A:对B:错答案:A8.New Zealand is similar in size to France.A:对B:错答案:B9.New Zealand has only one time zone.A:对B:错答案:A10.In New Zealand, the head of the state is represented by the Governor General.A:错B:对答案:B。

中西方文化比较智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下西华大学第一章测试1.In Greek myths, why was Prometheus punished by Zeus?A:Because he wanted to be the ruler of heaven. B:Because he had an affairwith Hera. C:Because he stole fire from Zeus and gave it to humans.D:Because he did not respect Zeus. 答案:Because he stole fire from Zeusand gave it to humans.2.What is the image of “Yan Di” in Chinese myths?A:He has a human’s body.000 B:He has a human’s body. C:He has a bull’shead. D:He has a horse’s body. 答案:He has a h uman’s body.;He has a bull’s head.3.Which of the following can be seen as the spirit of maritime civilizationreflected in Greek myths?A:boldness B:adventurousness C:thrift D:conservativeness 答案:boldness;adventurousness4.There are many Chinese mythical stories about the deities and culturalheroes related to agriculture such as________ and _________.A:Shennong B:Monkey King C:Houtu D:Nezha 答案:Shennong;Houtu5.In the Chinese cosmology of Yin and Yang, Yang is always given moreattention to and is thought to be superior to Yin.A:错 B:对答案:错6.Confucius is respected and worshipped in Chinese culture as a god becausehe claimed to be divine.A:错 B:对答案:错第二章测试1.Which of the following is NOT the distinct feature of western operacompared with Peking opera?______A:It is symbolic and suggestive. B:The singing is more flexible. C:The stage is large and elaborate. D:Performers’ voice ranges decide their roles. 答案:It is symbolic and suggestive.2.Which of the following is NOT true about Mei Lanfang?______A:He composed many new melodies. B:He created various dances. C:He made innovations to the facial makeup, hairstyles and costumes. D:He wrote some plays for Peking opera. 答案:He wrote some plays for Peking opera.3.The features of Gothic architecture could be mirrored in Gothiccostume,including______.A:pointed sleeves B:pointed shoes C:stiff-bodiced dresses D:high headdresses 答案:pointed sleeves;pointed shoes;high headdresses4.Ancient Chinese architecture features timber framework has severaladvantages, including______.A:vulnerable to fire B:time-consuming C:windows and doors would not berestricted D:resistant to earthquakes 答案:windows and doors would notbe restricted;resistant to earthquakes5.Ancient Chinese buildings enjoy external appearance while westernbuildings attach importance to internal richness.A:错 B:对答案:错pared with traditional Chinese costumes, the rules on colors of westerncostumes are less strict and obvious.A:对 B:错答案:对第三章测试1.Chinesse poetry is good at using( ) to display imagery.A:implication B:blank space C:brush D:euphemism 答案:blank space2.Poetry is closely related to ( ).A:syntax B:diction C:stanza D:music 答案:music3.According to Aristotle, the function of tragedy can be concluded as ( ).A:ecstasy B:elevation C:repugnant D:catharsis 答案:catharsis4.Three main subjects in western fiction are about fantasy, ( )and( ).A:adventure B:death C:war D:love E:religion 答案:adventure;religion5.The Dream of Red Mansions is a typical history romance.A:错 B:对答案:错6.Chinese Peking opera usually uses symbolic performance on stage.A:对 B:错答案:对第四章测试1.What does "吃" mean in Chinese expression "吃不准"?A:to suffer B:to eat C:to understand D:to get 答案:to understand2.Which of the following statement is NOT true about eating in the west?A:Do not make slurping noises while sipping from a spoon. B:Always sip from the tip rather than the side of the spoon. C:Always sip from the side of thespoon rather than the tip. D:Do not make harsh noise by touching plates orcups with utensils. 答案:Always sip from the tip rather than the side ofthe spoon.3.Which of the following names does not belong to the praising type?A:燕窝福字什锦鸡丝 B:翡翠虾球 C:江山万代 D:龙凤呈祥答案:翡翠虾球4.Which of the following are the factors contributing to the development ofagricultural culture in China?A:human’s desire B:rich landforms C:oceanical environment D:favorableclimates E:continental movement 答案:rich landforms;favorable climates 5.There is no common point between Buddhism and Christianity.A:对 B:错答案:错6.As to fry, there are more kinds of subclassification in Chinese cooking than inthe western counterpart.A:对 B:错答案:对。

英国文学经典鉴赏智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下齐鲁师范学院齐鲁师范学院第一章测试1.Beowulf is an epic of 3182 lines, which is the greatest work of literature of theOld English Period.答案:对2.The year 1066 marks the beginning of the Middle English or Anglo-NormanPeriod.答案:对3.Robin Hood is the hero in the collection of 15th-century medieval romances.答案:错4.The Canterbury Tales is a masterpiece by Geoffrey Chaucer, the firstpreeminent English poet in history.答案:对5.The structure of The Canterbury Tales is similar to Boccacio's Decameron.答案:对6. ( ) refers to a long narrative poem celebrating the great deeds of somelegendary heroes.答案:Epic7.( ) is also known as “head rhyme” or “initial rhyme”.答案:Alliteration8.Who introduced heroic couplet into England?答案:Geoffrey Chaucer9.Which of the following works belong to the Old English Period?答案:Beowulf;Christ;Anglo-Saxon Chronicle10.Which of the following literary works come from the Middle English Period?答案:Piers the Plowman;Chanson de Roland第二章测试1.The Faerie Queene, fusing adroitly the strands of legend, fable, and praise ofElizabeth I's England in iteself, is a masterpiece written by Thomas Wyatt,who introduced sonnet into English poetry.答案:错2.“University Wits” were all graduates from Oxford or Cambridge during the1580s; Christopher Marlowe, Robert Greene, George Peele, Thomas Lodge,Thomas Nash, and Ben Jonson were outstanding representatives of thisschool.答案:错3.Tamburlanine the Great, The Jew of Malta, and The Tragical History of DoctorFaustus are great tragedies written by Christopher Marlowe, the mostprominent figure among the "University Wits."答案:对4.William Shakespeare had produced 154 sonnets in total, and the first 126sonnets seem to be addressed to a young woman, who possesses extreme beauty.答案:错5.All Shakespeare's plays take place in England.答案:错6.( ) is a nine-line stanza of eight lines of iambic pentameter plus an iambichexameter.答案:Spenserian stanza7.Who coined the term "Metaphysical Poets"?答案:Samuel Johnson8.Who is the most popular and most widely respected writer in all Englishliterature?答案:William Shakespeare9.Which of the following adjectives can be used to describe Francis Bacon'sessays?答案:powerful;vigorous;fresh10.Who were dramatists during the Elizabethan Age?答案:Robert Greene;Thomas Kyd;Thomas Nash;Ben Jonson第三章测试1.Alexander Pope was the representative poet of the neo-classical school, andthe early 18th century has often been named as the Age of Pope.答案:对2.Gulliver's Travels is the most enduring work by Jonathan Swift, which is asavage satire in the form of a fabulous travelogue.答案:对3.Henry Fielding is regarded as the father of English fiction by Sir Walter Scott,and he had applied first-person narration in his novels.答案:错4.William Blake is renowned now for his Songs of Innocence and Songs ofExperience.答案:对5.Robert Burns wrote in Scottish dialect, and he followed the Scottish songtradition in his poetry.答案:对6.( ) refers to a lyric poem lamenting a dead friend, or a public figure.答案:Elegy7.Who defined novel as a genre?答案:Henry Fielding8."Auld Lang Syne" praises ( ).答案:friendship9.Which of the following are the features of Enlightenment?答案:Strong belief in the clarity of thought.;A devotion to harmony,proportion, and balance.;Profound faith in the powers of human reason.10.Who are writers of neo-classicism?答案:Henry Fielding;Alexander Pope;John Dyden第四章测试1.The Romantic Age began with the publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 andended with the death of Sir Walter Scott in 1832.答案:对2.The romantic poets paid great attention on reason or rationality in theirpoetry.答案:错3.In the preface for the first edition of Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth put forwardhis principles of poetry.答案:错4.The Revolt of Islam is P. B. Shelley's first long poem of importance.答案:错5.Jane Austen is the first important English woman novelist, who wrotealtogether six novels.答案:对6.Who is the author of Biographia Literaria?答案:S. T. Coleridge7.Which of the following novel by Scott has its spatial setting in England?答案:Ivanhoe8.Which of the following are ideals advocated by the French Revolution?答案:fraternity;liberty;equality9.Which of the following are characters from Prometheus Unbound?答案:Panthea;Demogorgon;Eternal Love10.Which work made Byron famous?答案:Childe Harold's Pilgrimage第五章测试1.The critical realists criticised the capitalist social system from a proletarianpoint of view.答案:错2.Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browning, and John Ruskin were all eminent figuresamong the Victorian poets.答案:错3.Dickens took the French Revolution as the background of A Tale of Two Cities,and the two cities are Paris and London.答案:对4.Wuthering Heights, the masterpiece of Emily Brontë, narrates the tragic lovestory of a governess.答案:错5.Thomas Hardy is one of the representatives of English critical realism in theearly part of the Victorian period.答案:错6.Which is the most popular form of all the literary art during the Victorianperiod?答案:fiction7.Who wrote the bewitching Sherlock Holmes cycle of detective stories?答案:Conan Doyle8.What is an archetypal Dickensian hero like?答案:An orphan.9.Which of the following are spatial settings in Jane Eyre?答案:Ferndean;Lowood;Thornfield;Gateshead10.Which of the following characters are included in The Importance of BeingEarnest?答案:Cecily;Jack Worthing;Algernon;Gwendolyn第六章测试1.Realism and modernism coexisted in the 20th-century British literature.答案:对2.The theoretical base of modernism is rationalism.答案:错3.Sons and Lovers, an autobiographical novel by D. H. Lawrence, deals with astory of a father's dominant and debilitating love over the sons.答案:错4.The Waste Land, T. S. Eliot's masterpiece, uses the past as a yardstick tomeasure the present and underscore what is missing from the present.答案:对5.W. B. Yeats played a major role in the Irish literay revival.答案:对6.Who wrote The Time Machine?答案:H. G. Wells7.Who won the Nobel Pize in 1923?答案:W. B. Yeats8.Which of the following work suggests Eliot had turned conservative?答案:Ash Wednesday9.Who were "Edwardians" as termed by Woolf?答案:H. G. Wells;John Galsworthy;Arnold Bennett10.Which of the following poems are written by Yeats?答案:"The Second Coming";"Sailing to Byzantium"。

希罗神话与西方文化智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下浙江工业大学浙江工业大学第一章测试1.Western culture has two main sources, Greek and Roman Mythology and TheBible. ( )A:对 B:错答案:对2.The logo of Goodyear Tires (固特异轮胎) alludes to Nike’s shoes. ( )A:错 B:对答案:错第二章测试1.Which of the following translations best describes the Chinese word “混沌”?( )A:ChaosB:AbyssC:DarknessD:Black Hole答案:Chaos2.What does the Latin word “pietas” mean? ( )A:responsibility towards the neighbours or neighbouring kingdomsB:acceptance of the human limit and weaknessC:piety or loyalty towards gods, family or menD:love for the foreigners and their culture答案:piety or loyalty towards gods, family or men3.In Greek Mythology, human beings are first created by the Titan Prometheus.( )A:错 B:对答案:对4.Theogony refers to the origin of the gods and goddesses. ( )A:错 B:对答案:对5.Which of the following source texts are from the Greek culture? ( )A:TheogonyB:AeneidC:The OdysseyD:The Iliad答案:Theogony;The Odyssey;The Iliad第三章测试1.Which of the following gods has a pair of winged boots that can help himtravel in all realms of the universe? ( )A:HermesB:AresC:PoseidonD:Apollo答案:Hermes2.What does the phrase to pile Pelion on Ossa mean? ( )A:To endure something painful.B:To do meaningless work again and again.C:To achieve success.D:To add difficulty to difficulty or to attempt an enormous but fruitless task.答案:To add difficulty to difficulty or to attempt an enormous butfruitless task.3.Gigantomachy is a war for power between the two generations of the Titans.( )A:错 B:对答案:错4.Demeter, goddess of agriculture, is a sister and wife of Zeus. ( )A:错 B:对答案:对5.Who are the three sisters of the Fates? ( ).A:AtroposB:CalliopeC:ClothoD:Lachesis答案:Atropos;Clotho;Lachesis第四章测试1.Which one is Zeus’ weapon? ( )A:ArrowsB:CaduceusC:Thunderbolt and lightening.D:Trident.答案:Thunderbolt and lightening.2.The expression “horn of plenty” or “Amalthea’s horn” means abundance. ( )A:对 B:错答案:对3.Europa plays an important role in spreading the Phoenician letters from theEast to the West. ( )A:对 B:错答案:错4.Who are the descendants of Io? ( )A:HerculesB:CadmusC:PerseusD:Europa答案:Hercules;Cadmus;Perseus;Europa5.Which painting does NOT depict Zeus and his mistresses?A:C B:B C:D D:A答案:D第五章测试1.The Trojan War lasts for ______ years. ( )A:twentyB:eightC:twelveD:ten答案:ten2.Who comes up with the idea of the Trojan Horse? ( )A:OdysseusB:The ghost of AchillesC:AgamemnonD:Ajax答案:Odysseus3.Helen from Troy elopes with Paris to Sparta. ( )A:对 B:错答案:错4.Odysseus refuses to participate in the Trojan War because one oracle comesthat he will be killed as a great hero in the war. ( )A:对 B:错答案:错5.Who of the following heroes fight for the Greeks in the Trojan War? ( )A:HectorB:AchillesC:OdysseusD:Agamemnon答案:Achilles;Odysseus;Agamemnon第六章测试1.Whom does Demeter teach the art of agriculture? ( )A:AeneasB:TriptolemusC:NyxD:Heracles答案:Triptolemus2.The English phrase “the cap of Hades” means the helmet of invisibility. ( )A:错 B:对答案:对3.Demeter is the goddess of the tender shoots. ( )A:对 B:错答案:错4.Where did the relatives of the dead people put Charon's obol in AncientGreece?( )A:Under the tongue of the dead.B:On the feet of the dead.C:On the eye lids of the dead.D:On the belly of the dead.答案:Under the tongue of the dead.;On the eye lids of the dead.5.Which painting depicts Persephone?A:B B:A C:D D:C答案:B第七章测试1.To whom does Orpheus owe his talent? ( )A:PersephoneB:PandoraC:EurydiceD:Calliope答案:Calliope2.What happens to Orpheus at the end of the myth? ( )A:Women from Thrace dismember him.B:He falls in love with another woman and forgets about Eurydice.C:He lives happily with Eurydice in this upperworld.D:He is trapped at the edge of Hades without food or water.答案:Women from Thrace dismember him.3.Orpheus needs to give Charon his lyre to cross the river. ( )A:错 B:对答案:错4.Orpheus is a great musician and poet.( )A:错 B:对答案:对5.What lessons should we learn from the story of Orpheus? ( )A:To keep one’s promise.B:Love conquers all.C:To be polite.D:Never trust anyone.答案:To keep one’s promise.;Love conquers all.第八章测试1.Who is regarded as the wisest hero in Greek mythology? ( )A:OdysseusB:AchillesC:HectorD:Palamedes答案:Odysseus2.What is the English equivalent of 风沙?( )A:aeolian sandB:sandy stormC:aeolussandD:wind and sand答案:aeolian sand3.Polyphemus is the son of Poseidon. ( )A:错 B:对答案:对4.Odysseus is detained on Calypso’s island for six years. ( )A:错 B:对答案:错5.What helps Odysseus to confirm his identity after he returns to his homelandIthaca? ( )A:The scar on his kneeB:His accentC:His old bedD:His arrow答案:The scar on his knee;His old bed第九章测试1.Who is chasing after Perseus after he beheads Medusa? ( )A:The GraiaeB:The other two gorgonsC:AthenaD:Poseidon答案:The other two gorgons2.During his homecoming journey, Perseus comes across the Hyperboreans, bywhom he is hospitably received. （）A:对 B:错答案:对3.Pegasus, Perseus, the Muses and Apollo, are all related to poetic inspiration.（）A:错 B:对答案:错4.What equipment helps Perseus successfully behead Medusa? ( )A:The Cap of invisibilityB:The Brazen shieldC:The walletD:The winged sandals答案:The Cap of invisibility;The Brazen shield;The wallet;The winged sandals5.In the picture below, who puts baby Perseus and his mother in a woodenbarrel and throws it into the sea?A:Polydectes B:Acrisius C:Zeus D:Dictys答案:Acrisius第十章测试1.Which of the following plants is sacred to Apollo? ( )A:Olive treeB:MolyC:Oak treeD:Laurel tree答案:Laurel tree2.Plants always play a positive role on Odysseus’ journey home. ( )A:对 B:错答案:错3.Taurus, one of the 12 zodiac signs, originates from the myth of Minotaur. ( )A:对 B:错答案:错4.Of the following monstrous animals, whose body is composed of a snake orsnakes? ( )A:TyphonB:EchidnaC:MinotaurD:Chimera答案:Typhon;Echidna;Chimera5.Which picture is Minotaur?A:A B:B C:C D:D答案:A第十一章测试1.Which of the following translations best describes the Chinese expression“中庸之道”? ( )A:CentreB:MediocreC:Nothing in excessD:Middle答案:Nothing in excess2.Which of the following mythological figures is related to the Ethiopians’ darkskin color? ( )A:ZeusB:PhaethonC:ApolloD:Icarus答案:Phaethon3.In Greek and Roman mythology, those who challenge the authority of divinitywill incur a severe penalty. ( )A:对 B:错答案:对4.The revenge of Athena and Leto can also be ascribed to the divine jealousy. ( )A:对 B:错答案:对5.Which of the following figures in Greek and Roman mythology are punishedby gods because of their crimes of challenging divinity? ( )A:CassiopeiaB:CapaneusC:SalmoneusD:Sisyphus答案:Cassiopeia;Capaneus;Salmoneus;Sisyphus第十二章测试1.Who is the wife of Cadmus? ( )A:SemeleB:HarmoniaC:AgaveD:Autonoe答案:Harmonia2.The English phrase “sowing the dragon’s teeth” means one is sowing thetrouble and conflicts. ( )A:对 B:错答案:对3.Pentheus is trained by the centaur Chiron to be a hunter. ( )A:对 B:错答案:错4.Cadmus and Harmonia have several daughters. Their names are _______. ( )A:SemeleB:AutonoeC:InoD:Agave答案:Semele;Autonoe;Ino;Agave5. Which painting depicts Actaeon’s death?A:D B:C C:B D:A答案:A。

西方文化经典之旅答案优课联盟
用于表述随机变量取值的概率规律。

事件的概率表示了一次试验中某一个结果发生的可能性大小。

若要全面了解试验，则必须知道试验的全部可能结果及各种可能结果发生的概率，即随机试验的概率分布。

如果试验结果用变量的取值来表示，则随机试验的概率分布就是随机变量的概率分布，即随机变量的可能取值及取得对应值的概率。

根据随机变量所属类型的不同，概率分布取不同的表现形式。

正态分布一种很重要的连续型随机变量的概率分布。

生物现象中有许多变量是服从或近似服从正态分布的，如家畜的体长、体重、产奶量、产毛量、血红蛋白含量、血糖含量等。

许多统计分析方法都是以正态分布为基础的。

此外，还有不少随机变量的概率分布在一定条件下以正态分布为其极限分布。

因此在统计学中，正态分布无论在理论研究上还是实际应用中，均占有重要的地位。

1. Please give an account of the setting of the Enlightenment.The fact that the Enlightenment first occurred in France was ascribed to the deterioration in economic, political, social and cultural conditions in the 18th-century France. The French people strongly demanded that the declining situation be arrested and reforms be carried out. Under such circumstances, progressive intellectuals began to think more seriously about the solutions to the crises and tried to resort to intellectual and social means. This movement also asked for more political power to the people as the bourgeoisie joined in with its economic support and thus the cultural movement tinned with political colour as a bourgeois mark. On the other hand, the dissemination of scientific knowledge and the influences of British empiricism also immensely heightened intellectual and political awareness of the people in general. This prepared the political basis of the bourgeois revolution to follow.2. Briefly introduce one or two representative figures of the Enlightenment and their central ideas. V oltaire and Montesquieu are two of the representative figures of the Enlightenment. Voltaire exposed the dark side of France such as the corruption and injustice of Christianity by launching his theory on human nature. Also, he argued for the freedom and equality of ordinary people. What’s more, he strongly condemned feudal autocracy and put forward the theory of the enlightened monarchy.Montesquieu’s political theory developed the principle of dividing political power although the principle itself was not his invention. Montesquieu contributed significantly to the establishment of the modern Western state by exposing the nature of state and human beings in his great work Spirit of Law which has wide-ranging influence on the later generations of modern Western political thinking and practice.For Montesquieu, it was climate that contributed most to the formation of a society and he believed it was shown in national character, political system, marriage codes, religion, and the use of slavery. His geographical and environmental theory is of some progressive significance, but it exaggerates the geographical factor in social development.1. Say something about the origin and the major concerns of Romanticism. Give examples. Romanticism originated out of the craving for individual freedom by the young intellectuals who could not tolerate ideological and intellectual oppression derived from classicism and rationalism imposed by the ruling class and traditional culture, as was demonstrated in Germany where the Storm and Stress Movement occurred under Rousseau’s influence which attracted many followers including Goethe and Schiller.To some extent it was a reaction against the Enlightenment and the 18th-century rationalism and materialism in general. It demanded more reasonable attention to human passion and individuality as a way to reach real human emancipation and freedom.The major concerns of Romanticism comprised individualism, emotionalism, worship of nature, fascination with the alien aspects of foreign lands, enthusiasm for nationalism and often expressed an air of disillusionment.2. What do you think of the similarities and dissimilarities between realism and naturalism?The similarities of realism and naturalism lie in the fact that they both aim to describe real life and try to reveal the nature of social reality, especially the dark side of human society. But in the ways of representation, they differ in the following aspects: first, the naturalist writer does not focus on a typical environment or typical characters for representation of reality, and instead, they would attempt to depict real life as it is by sticking to the inherent factor which would usually lead to thecause or motivation of certain or behaviors; second, the naturalist writer emphasizes more of the influence of environment on human nature and behavior by exposing the dark and evil aspect of human society which is not just similar to social realism but even more violent and barbarous and emotional.1.2. Choose one representative character from German classical philosophers and make a brief remark on his contribution to the later social or cultural development.Immanuel Kant was an 18th-century German classical philosopher. He is regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe and of the late Enlightenment. Kant created a new widespread perspective in philosophy which influenced European philosophy through and after his lifetime. He also published important works of epistemology, as well as works relevant to religion, law, and history. His most important works is the Critique of Pure Reason, an investigation into the limitations and structure of reason itself. It encompasses an attack on traditional metaphysics and e pistemology, and highlights Kant’s own contribution to these areas. Kant’s great contribution lies in his interpretation of human epistemology: the ultimate nature of reality of the “things in themselves” remains forever unaccessible to the human mind and what we can know is only its phenomena. The mind impresses its forms of sensibility via space and time or the original data of the senses and orders them according to the categories of thought.1. Say something you know about Modernism, including its performance and features. Modernism, in its broadest sense, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes both a set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated cultural schools, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The term encompasses the activities and output of those who felt the “traditional” forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith, social conventions and daily life were becoming outdated in the new conditions of economic, social and political developments under the influence of industrialization and colonization.Modernism —despite its complexity and multiplicity in terms of ideological tendencies and representation modes, could be regarded basically to be irrational, that is, in opposition to rational tradition of the Western culture and civilization. History has repeatedly proved that any radical drive or trend could not last long and so did modernism which, with all its justifications, only survived a few decades since its beginning and had to decline and finally disappeared as a movement though some of its ideas and forms or techniques still maintained. The reason is simple — no one could reject all the inheritances his ancestors have passed on to him no matter whether these inheritances are valuable enough for him to benefit from. In that sense people after modernism, particularly the cultural people or intellectuals, have to take a lesson from Modernist Movement, which they should be cautious about the way to handle cultural heritage and need to try to make use of the positive elements from tradition.2. Describe one or two modernist writers focused on his work.James Joyce is one of most prominent modernist writers in the early 20th century whose reputation mainly rests upon his masterful use of the Stream of Consciousness technique in his writing. He is best known for his landmark novel Ulysses (1922) and its controversial successor Finnegans Wake(1939), as well as the short story collection Dubliners(1914) and the semi-autobiographical novellet A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916). Ulysses is one of the most important works of Modernist literature. The action of novel, which takes place in asingle day, 16 June 1904, sets the characters and incidents of the Odyssey of Homer in modern Dublin and bases his three protagonists, Leopold Bloom, Molly Bloom and Stephen Dedalus, on the triangular relationship in parallel with the construction of Odysseus, Penelope and Telemachus. Ulysses’ stream-of-consciousness technique, symbolic structure, and experimental prose style—full of puns, parodies, and allusions—as well as its rich characterization in close association with serious thematic concerns, such as Irish nationalism, sympathy for the Jew and women, and protest against Catholicism, therefore renders the book a highly recognized status in Modernist literature.1. Tell some ideological Representative Figures of the Modern age and their main ideas..(1) Marx’s Marxism, its main ideas include scientific socialism, political economics, and dialectic materialism.(2) Darwin’s theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, Its main idea as follow:i. Species have developed or evolved by a series of small variations.ii. All animals and plants are descended from a single prototype.iii. Natural selection or survival of the fittest ensures that only those variations which improve the chances of survival of species are ultimately significant.iv. Only inherited characteristics can be passed on to later generations.Comet’s Positivism, including Theory of Three Stages:i. Man wanted to acquire absolute knowledge and explain the observed phenomena of the outside world with the help of supernatural theological influences.ii. Man used instead a kind of personified abstraction, i.e. metaphysical nature and “natural force”. iii. Rational sciences dominated everything.Bergson’s Intuitional Ideas:i. He was opposed to the monism of both materialism and idealism and sought a return to philosophical dualism.ii. The functions of intuition and intellect and their differences.Freud’s Theory of Psychoanalysis:i. deep-level psychology: the human unconscious was like the submerged part of an iceberg, hiding many instinctive impulses and repressed desires;ii. Three concepts: the id, the ego, the superego (choose two or three)。

南开大学智慧树知到“选修课”《西方艺术赏析（麦课）》网课测试题答案（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.下面不是列维坦的作品的是()A.《深渊》B.《晚钟》C.《三月》D.《第聂博河上的月夜》2.米开朗琪罗的作品中体现出保卫祖国的崇高精神的作品是《晨》、《暮》、《昼》、《夜》。

()A.错误B.正确3.新印象派从哪幅作品开始，就慢慢的走上了历史的舞台?《杂技团大汇演》。

()A.错误B.正确4.《弗拉基米尔之路》的作者是()A.克拉姆斯柯依B.列宾C.列维坦D.西施金5.米开朗琪罗的晚年的一件作品是《创造亚当》。

()A.错误B.正确6.下面哪一幅不是提香的作品()A.《熟睡的维纳斯》B.《乌尔宾诺的维纳斯》C.《花神》D.《圣爱与俗爱》7.《醒前一瞬间绕着一个石榴飞舞的野蜂引起的梦》的作者是()A.达利B.蒙克C.马蒂斯D.康定斯基8.下面哪幅是中世纪的作品()A.《西斯廷圣母》B.《蒂奥多拉皇后和她的侍从》C.《拉奥孔》D.《胜利女神》9.艺术欣赏的目的就是让人们产生审美愉悦。

()A.错误B.正确10.《费里贝热尔酒吧间》作者是德加。

()A.错误B.正确11.《印象日出》作者是德加。

()A.错误B.正确12.艺术欣赏的性质错误的是()A.艺术欣赏具有不可穷尽性B.艺术欣赏具有不可言传性C.艺术欣赏具有主观差异性D.就是让人们理解艺术E.A和C13.油画的创造者是()A.拉斐尔B.达芬奇C.米勒D.凡埃克兄弟14.《不相称的婚姻》的作者是苏里科夫。

()A.错误B.正确15.下列选项中哪一项不是费多托夫的作品()A.《少校求婚》B.《初获勋章的人》C.《贵族的早餐》D.《最后一家酒店》第2卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.下面哪一幅不是达芬奇的作品?《抱貂夫人》。

()A.错误B.正确2.德国的一个艺术理论家，叫格罗塞，他写了一本很著名的书叫()A.《拉奥孔》B.《物种的起源》C.《红楼梦》D.《艺术的起源》3.印象派最根本的特征是表现自然界中的光和色。

西方文学经典鉴赏见面课：从《局外人》到《鼠疫》:加缪小说中的荒诞与反抗1.诺贝尔授奖词：“他那严肃而又严厉的沉思试图重建已被摧毁的东西，使正义在这个没有正义的世界上成为可能，这一切都使他成为人道主义者。

”是对（）的高度评价。

答案:加缪2.小说《鼠疫》中的疫情常常被视作（）的象征：答案:法西斯势力3.小说《鼠疫》的发生地在：（）。

答案:奥兰4.默尔索形象常常与古希腊神话中的（）形象联系在一起。

答案:西绪福斯5. “斗争的道路使我与肉体相遇。

即使是受屈辱的身体，他也是我唯一确认的东西。

我只能依靠它为生。

这被造物是我的家乡。

”出自：（）答案：《西绪福斯神话》6.下列哪些说法属于存在主义思想？①所有存在都是偶然之物②存在先于本质③世界是荒谬的，人生是痛苦的④自由选择答案:①②③④7.下列哪一项同《局外人》的语言风格不符？答案:诡谄8.《局外人》采用第（）人称叙事。

答案:一9.以下哪一部不是加缪的作品：（）。

答案：《存在与虚无》10.《局外人》的主人公是？答案:默尔索见面课：索福克勒斯的《俄狄浦斯王》：命运与意志之战1.关于俄狄浦斯杀父娶母命运的各种解释，下面哪一项在本课程中没有提到？答案:俄狄浦斯残忍暴虐；2.关于悲剧《俄狄浦斯王》，下面哪一个说法是错误的？答案:俄狄浦斯自杀。

3.索福克勒斯的悲剧《俄狄浦斯王》又被称为：（）。

答案:命运悲剧4,《俄狄浦斯王》中，忒拜城的先知是：（）。

答案:忒瑞西阿斯5.下列关于俄狄浦斯父亲的说法，不正确的是？答案:科任托斯国的国王6,《俄狄浦斯王》中，俄狄浦斯被忒拜人拥立为国王的原因是（）答案:俄狄浦斯破解了斯芬克斯之谜7.下列哪部作品不是出自索福克勒斯？答案：《安德洛玛刻》8.古希腊酒神祭祀仪式及戏剧表演中，（）担当了重要作用:答案:山羊9.古希腊悲剧起源于祭祀哪位神灵的活动？答案:狄奥尼索斯10.古希腊的三大悲剧诗人不包括：（）。

答案:阿里斯托芬见面课：艾米莉・勃朗特《呼啸山庄》中的爱恨情仇1.下列对艾米莉•勃朗特的诗歌风格评价，不准确的一项是：（）答案:繁复2.《呼啸山庄》中的爱恨情仇，主要肇始于人物的（）。

南开大学智慧树知到“选修课”《西方文化名著导读（尔雅）》网课测试题答案（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.“现有的世界是逻辑上所可能有的世界当中最美好的一个”是谁的观点?()A.莱布尼茨B.黑格尔C.笛卡尔D.休谟2.霍布斯和洛克同为古典自由主义的奠基人。

()A.错误B.正确3.谁认为“人是两足而无毛的动物”?()A.卢梭B.达尔文C.亚里士多德D.柏拉图4.下面哪一位不是德国人?()A.康德B.歌德C.贝多芬D.卢梭5.哪一位不是启蒙运动的思想家?()A.狄德罗B.卢梭C.奥古斯丁D.伏尔泰6.《独立宣言》中认为造物主所赋予人的不可转让的权利不包括哪一项?() A.生命权B.自由权C.财产权D.追求幸福的权利7.布鲁诺被烧死的真正原因是什么?()A.相信日心说B.主张泛神论C.反对地心说D.坚信科学反对宗教8.霍布斯认为通过契约，人们把全部权利都交给了国家。

()A.错误B.正确9.亚里士多德是雅典人。

()A.错误B.正确10.戊戌变法发生于1889年。

()A.错误B.正确11.下面哪一本书被称为现代哲学的宣言书?()A.《新工具》B.《纯粹理性批判》C.《谈谈方法》D.《存在于时间》12.以下对资本主义经济大萧条说法错误的是：()A.它发生在1929年到1933年B.它的影响范围很广C.它提高了政府对经济的政策参与性D.它直接导致了二战的爆发13.路德从《圣经》的哪一部分领悟到了圣经的真意?()A.《雅各书》B.《以弗所书》C.《哥林多前书》D.《罗马人书》14.光荣革命之后英国国王被废除。

()A.错误B.正确15.德国古典哲学的创始人是：()A.费尔巴哈B.黑格尔C.费希特D.康德第2卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.莱布尼茨认为没有夹杂任何杂质的善是不存在的。

()A.错误B.正确2.拉普拉斯星云学说是由谁提出的?()A.哥白尼B.康德C.伽利略D.叔本华3.《论法的精神》的作者是：()A.卢梭B.孟德斯鸠C.伏尔泰D.霍布斯4.人只有在人群中才能体现其价值。

绪论单元测试1、单选题：One of the founders of Western philosophy once said, “I know one thing that I know nothing.” Who is the man? （）选项：A:CiceroB:AristotelesC:SocratesD:Plato答案: 【Socrates】2、单选题：Who has put forwarded the theory that cultural and religious identities will be the primary sources of conflict in the post-Cold War world, and there would be two major Clashes? （）选项：A:Joseph S. NyeB:John King FairbankC:Samuel HuntingtonD:John Mearsheimer答案: 【Samuel Huntington】第一章单元测试1、判断题：Walking Stick Dependency Syndrome means you rely too much on Chinese to understand English, like walking with a stick. （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】2、判断题：One of the pillars of Chinese foreign policy today is President Xi’s initiative of Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【对】Dionysus is the son of Zeus, God of wine, festivity, ecstasy and madness, patron god of the art of theatre. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【对】4、判断题：In 510 bc, “the father of Athenian democracy” Socrates refo rmed the Athenian constitution and made Athens a democratic state. （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】5、判断题：In 490 BC, Persians invaded Greece but the Athenians defeated the Persians at the Battle of Thermopylae. （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】6、单选题：Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Africa and Asia. It is on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula. What is the name of the sea to the east? （）选项：A:The Mediterranean SeaB:The Sea of CreteC:The Ionian SeaD:The Aegean Sea答案: 【The Aegean Sea】7、单选题：In Delphi, all Greeks go to a temple of a god for oracles and they asked the god for advice or prophecy. A priestess would give an answer on behalf of the god, which called an oracle. Who is the god? （）选项：A:DionysusB:ZeusC:ApolloD:Athena答案: 【Apollo】With population increase and urbanization, Greek polis (city-states) emerged. For purpose of defense, many city-states construct a kind of building to protect the city. What is the building? （）选项：A:necropolisB:MetropolisC:cosmopolisD:Acropolis答案: 【Acropolis】9、单选题：In 594 bc, a merchant _____ was given the right to create a new constitution and his reforms laid the foundations for Athenian democracy. （）选项：A:ThalesB:SolonC:DracoD:Pericles答案: 【Solon】第二章单元测试1、单选题：The 5th century bc of Athens called the Golden Age of Athens when Athens became the super power with political and economic hegemony, and one reason of this was that Athens had a great leader ______. （）选项：A:HerodotusB:PericlesC:CleisthenesD:Solon答案: 【Pericles】2、单选题：Who is the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first school of higher learning in the Western world? （）选项：A:AristotleB:CiceroC:PlatoD:Socrates答案: 【Plato】Sophocles wrote a play named _______, which told us a sad story of the king of Thebes killed his father and married his mother. （）选项：A:Agamemnon the kingB:Oedipus the KingC:Antigone the kingD:Odysseus the king答案: 【Oedipus the King】4、单选题：Alexander the Great died in _____ bc, which marked the end of Classical Greece and the beginning of the Hellenistic Greece. （）选项：A:321B:315C:330D:323答案: 【323】5、判断题：Roman politician Cicero called Herodotus “The Father of History,” and his book The History was the founding work of history in the West. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【对】6、判断题：In ancient Greece, hegemony means the political and military dominance of acity-state over other city-states rather than a derogatory term in the Chinese translation, which means to bully or to be a tyrant, but in English, it has no negative meaning. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【对】7、判断题：In the Hellenistic world, Greek culture dominated only in Greece and Macedonia not in Egypt and west Asia. （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】Alexander the Great was taught by Plato and he is widely considered as one of the most successful military commanders in the history and never lost in battle. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【错】9、判断题：In 371bc, Sparta invaded Thebes but lost the war. Next year Thebes invaded the Peloponnesus. They first took Messenia, the source of Spartan wealth, and then conquered Sparta, destroyed its military power. Sparta never recovered and Thebes filled the power vacuum left by Sparta. （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】第三章单元测试1、单选题：Roman epic The Aeneid was written by . （）选项：A:CiceroB:OvidC:VirgilD:Horace答案: 【Virgil】2、单选题：The Punic Wars were a series of wars fought between the Roman Republic and Carthage. （）选项：A:twoB:threeC:fiveD:four答案: 【three】3、单选题：Who was declared an enemy of the state by the Second Triumvirate and was executed in 43 bc? （）A:CaesarB:CiceroC:MariusD:Catiline答案: 【Cicero】4、单选题：In the late Republic, there were two factions in the political arena. One faction was a group of politicians called the , meaning “the best ones.” （）选项：A:PlebeiansB:PopularesC:PatriciansD:Optimates答案: 【Optimates】5、判断题：The historical event of Rape of Lucretia marked the end of the Roman Kingdom and the start of the Roman Republic. （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】6、判断题：The Society of the Roman Republic is highly hierarchical, the ruling class is Plebeians. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【错】7、判断题：Marius allied with the Plebeian Tribune Sulpicius Rufus, forced the Senate passing a bill transferring the command from Sulla to Marius. Sulla refused and marched his six legions of 35,000 men on Rome, and then Marius fled to Afirca. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【对】8、判断题：The Roman Triumph was a ceremony to celebrate the success of a military commander who had led Roman army to great victory. （）A:错B:对答案: 【对】9、判断题：Optimates wanted to strengthen the power of the Plebeian Assembly and Plebeian Tribune. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【错】第四章单元测试1、单选题：Octavian died in 14 ad at the age of 75. The period he ruled called the ____________ age. （）选项：A:AugustanB:GoldenC:CaesarD:Octavian答案: 【Augustan】2、单选题：Which emperor’s death in 180 ad marked the end of the 200-year Pax Romana? （）选项：A:Marcus AureliusB:NeroC:AugustusD:Commodus答案: 【Marcus Aurelius】3、单选题：was traditionally counted as the first Bishop of Rome or Pope. （）选项：A:Saint AndrewB:Saint PeterC:Saint PaulD:Saint John答案: 【Saint Peter】The Byzantine Empire was the Hellenistic world, from the early 6th century became the official language.（）选项：A:GreekB:ArabicC:RomanD:Latin答案: 【Greek】5、单选题：The Pax Romana in Latin means “_____________.” （）选项：A:Roman peopleB:Roman PeaceC:Roman VictoryD:Roman law答案: 【Roman Peace】6、判断题：The Italian Renaissance political philosopher Machiavelli called the first five emperors of the Nerva–Antonine Dynasty Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius “Five Good Emperors.” （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【对】7、判断题：On the third day after the death of Jesus Christ came the Crucifixion, he came back to life. （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】8、判断题：The Bible is the holy book of Christianity. The second part of it is the New Testament, written in the common Roman language, deals with the life and teachings of Jesus Christ as well as events in the first-century Christianity. （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】The Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople in 1553. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【错】第五章单元测试1、单选题：Who was the first king of the House of Valois? （）选项：A:Philip VIB:Philip IIIC:Edward IIID:Charles IV答案: 【Philip VI】2、单选题：launched the Hundred Years’ War (1346-1453), he was from the House of Plantagenet and he transformed England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe. （）选项：A:Philip IIIB:Philip VIC:Edward IIID:Charles IV答案: 【Edward III】3、单选题：Most historians regard the coronation of in 987 as the beginnings of modern France, and he was the first King of modern France. （）选项：A:CharlemagneB:Otto the GreatC:Hugh CapetD:Henry I the Fowler答案: 【Hugh Capet】4、单选题：Who was the first Norman King of England? （）选项：A:Henry IIB:Richard IC:JohnD:William the Conqueror答案: 【William the Conqueror】5、判断题：Britain was conquered by Romans in 43 ad and it became the Roman province of Britannia until the early 5th century. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【对】6、判断题：Charlemagne was known as the “Father of Europe.” （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】7、判断题：In 1356, Charles IV issued the Golden Bull, explicitly named the seven Prince-electors who were to choose the German King and the future Holy Roman Emperor. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【对】8、判断题：The English victory marked the end of the Hundred Years’ War. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【错】9、判断题：Charles IV was from the House of Habsburg. （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】第六章单元测试1、单选题：Who was known as the “Father of Humanism” and the “Father of the Renaissance”? （）选项：A:DonatelloB:PetrarchC:MasaccioD:Brunelleschi答案: 【Petrarch】2、单选题：The motive of the western explorers during the Age of Discovery can be summarized in three words: , God, and Glory. （）选项：A:LandB:PowerC:GoldD:Money答案: 【Gold】3、单选题：Henry IV issued an edict that upheld ’s position as the established religion of France, which ended the war and brought peace to the country. （）选项：A:CatholicismB:ProtestantismC:HuguenotismD:Christianity答案: 【Catholicism】4、单选题：was the center of Renaissance culture, one of the wealthiest cities in Europe. （）选项：A:Kingdom of NaplesB:FlorenceC:VeniceD:Papal states答案: 【Florence】5、判断题：Renaissance means “rebirth” for an Italian cultural movement from 14 to 16th century. （）选项：A:错答案: 【错】6、判断题：Italian Wars were a series of conflicts that involved most of the city-states of Italy, France, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire as well as the Ottoman Empire. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【对】7、判断题：The English Reformation led Henry VIII became the supreme head of the Church of England and owner of its vast wealth. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【对】8、判断题：“Bloody Mary” was the last monarch of the House of T udor ruled from 1558 to1603. （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】9、判断题：In 1576, the mutinous Spanish troops sacked Antwerp, 7,000 people were slaughtered, and one third of the city was burned. This was called “the Spanish Fury.” （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【对】第七章单元测试1、单选题：The Peace of Augsburg, a treaty that officially granted states within the Holy Roman Empire the right to choose their official religion, was signed in . （）选项：A:1632B:1635D:1648答案: 【1555】2、单选题：The Peace of Westphalia, a series of peace trea ties that ended the Thirty Years’ War, granted each prince the right to determine what of his own state choose. （）选项：A:religionB:lawC:governmentD:boundary答案: 【religion】3、单选题：In 1721, became the first Emperor of the Russian Empire. （）选项：A:Peter the GreatB:Michael RomanovC:Ivan the TerribleD:Ivan the Great答案: 【Peter the Great】4、单选题：is often credited with being the “Father of Modern Philosophy.” （）选项：A:HegelB:René DescartesC:Ludwig FeuerbachD:Immanuel Kant答案: 【René Descartes】5、判断题：Th e Thirty Years’ War ended by the Peace of Westphalia, which recognized the coexistence of the two religions in Europe, Protestant in the south, and Catholic in the north. （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】6、判断题：The English Civil War, a series of armed conflicts between Parliamentarians and Royalists, started in 1642. （）选项：B:对答案: 【对】7、判断题：Galileo Galilei formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe. （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】8、判断题：The Dutch Golden Age was a period in history of the Netherlands; the Netherlands became the foremost maritime and economic power in the world. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【对】9、判断题：In 1632, at the Battle of Lützen in Saxony, the Danish King Gustavus Adolphus was seriously wounded and died. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【错】第八章单元测试1、判断题：During the reign of Anne, Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland, the parliaments of England and Scotland passed the Acts of Union in 1706. The kingdoms of England and Scotland united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain. （）选项：A:错B:对答案: 【对】2、判断题：After the defeat of France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century, and by the early of the 20th cent ury, it became the largest empire in history, “the empire on which the sun never sets.” （）A:对B:错答案: 【对】3、判断题：Joseph Haydn was praised as “Father of the Symphony” and “Father of the String Quartet.” （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】4、判断题：The United States Congress has the sole power to make laws, and it has only one chamber. （）选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】5、单选题：George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 1760 until the union of the two countries in , and then he became King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820. （）选项：A:1810B:1812C:1818D:1800答案: 【1800】6、单选题：was both King of Great Britain and Ireland and Elector of Hanover until his death in 1727. （）选项：A:George IB:James IC:George IID:Elizabeth II答案: 【George I】7、单选题：On July 14, , citizens of Paris stormed the Bastille, a fortress used as armory and political prison, in an attempt to secure gunpowder and weapons. （）A:1791B:1789C:1790D:1792答案: 【1789】8、单选题：Beethoven’s symphony, Heroic S ymphony was originally dedicated to Napoleon. However, when he heard Napoleon would be crowned emperor, he scratched the name Bonaparte in the title page; he was so violent that he made a hole in the paper. （）选项：A:fifthB:thirdC:sixthD:fourth答案: 【third】9、单选题：Montesquieu spent 21 years working on which book？（）选项：A:Persian LettersB:The Spirit of the LawC:The ConfessionsD:The Social Contract or Principles of Political Right答案: 【The Spirit of the Law】。

(1) Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology which was fully developed by the religious tales of the Homeric epic and thus affected the later development of all kinds of Greek culture.Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC–547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water. His philosophy was materialism. He was followed by Pythagoras who assumed that the key to the understanding of the world is numbers, on the opposition of the spokesman for idealism.The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, but was keen on probing into the definition of some ethical and behavioral issues, such as “friendship” and “courage”.Plato established the Academy － the first Greek institution of higher learning. His contributions included his theory of ideas and his arguments on “republic” which was supposed to embrace his ideals about a future state where humans could enjoy a happy life. Aristotle is also a learned man and his work covers wide-ranging areas. His reputation as a philosopher largely depends on his argument on metaphysics which he tried to achieve a compromise between matter and divinity. Literary representation centred round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey, lyrical poetry by Sappho and Pindar and drama by Aeschylus, Euripides and Aristophanes. Their works combined Greek myths and social life and won much appreciation and enthusiasm from the public.In science the mathematician Euclid established plane geometry and Archimedes discovered the ratio of radius of a circle and the relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere.(2) What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture. The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on the Western civilization. The Greeks were the first to successfully create a government based on the consensus of the people and thus provided a foundation for Western democracy.The second significant influence was that of philosophy. The Socratic idea about ethics and knowledge helped the Westerners care more for the effect of knowledge and value of morality, both of which give sound guidance to people in the later years to improve and change the world outside themselves, i.e., human society and the natural world.Later generations of Westerners have benefited a lot from Greek culture, such as those in painting, sculpture, architecture, drama, poetry and historical works. Classicism had Greek culture as one of the crucial sources, and this has helped Westerners so much that they ascribed the origin of the Renaissance to it. This changed the intellectual conditions of the later medieval period and opened the way to the modern era in the West.Chapter 21. Tell briefly the major characteristics and contributions of Roman culture, as are demonstrated in religion, poetry, history and architecture.In the early period, Roman culture often depended heavily on the introduction and imitation of other cultures, particularly, Greek culture. Thus Romans created their own powerful culture, laying the foundation for subsequent Western culture in many fields. According to Greek culturecreated d their own gods and myth, In poetry, ancient Rome made and others’ culture; they createbrilliant achievements,Livy was responsible for the great History of Rome in 142 volumes. His work has always been cited by later statesmen, writers or scholars,The architecture of Ancient Rome adopted the Greek style for its own purposes, but the Romans also developed a new kind.2. In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture? Give examples.Roman culture learned and inherited a lot from Greek culture.,religion, philosophy and literature. In religion, Rome had its own system of beliefs which had been simple and could hardly compare with the plurality of Greek religion. The same is true of Roman philosophy where we could find examples ,In literature, Roman men of letters also borrowed a All in all, the two cultures are closely linkedgreat deal from Greek culture.Chapter 31. How was the Jewish civilization developed after a tortuous history of split and unification? The major explanation for the development of the Jewish civilization is its strong cohesiveness and vitality,they put into effect their Judaist beliefs and what they read of Judaist scriptures. From then on Jews have begun to become aware of the necessicity to liberate themselves from the restrictive laws and acquire new knowledge and modern ideas from the Europeans, Most of Jews thus received a good education, fully armed with cultural and scientific knowledge and did well in their own position they could quickly turn it into a well developed nation in spite of its small size and small population .2．Say something about Judaism and The Old Testament.The Old Testament is the Judaist Bible. It was written in Hebrew, including the three parts：Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. After The Old Testament was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars，many westerners began to understand Judaism by reading this book. It is not only of religious value but also of literatry value.Chapter 41. What are the main components of Christianity and why could it be accepted as the official religion first by the Roman Empire and then by the following kingdoms or empires in Europe?(1)The main components of Christianity are ：1) The Bible as the only Christian scripture; Major Christian doctrines about Trinity and Redemption;3) Other doctrines or events of Christianity:(2 )Christianity is accepted and popular in Europe because of these factors:1).For the common people in the empire ,they needed something to fill up their spiritual vacuum. Christianity could play such a role.2). It could work together with any secular regimes to offer necessary assistance.3). The name and influence of Christiaity would be a symbol of sacredness and justification,4) Christianity is also a kind of culture, it could be tolerated because their life and propertycould thus be secured in the changed circumstances.2. What are the basic differences between Christianity and Judaism?In spite of the fact that the two religions derived from Jewish culture, there are some basic differences between them.First is the different image of God.Second is different view of God. Jehovah is viewed He is like fire or wind .God is kinder and more helpful, Third is the different position each religion is located in and hence would make different contribution. Fourth is Jehovah was important to Jews only in theory and affect them in spirit occasionally while Christianity moved into secular life for the Westerner as Pope and churches became very powerful .Chapter 61.Tell simply the background and development of the Renaissance.It was no accident that it first occurred in Florence and Italy where the early signs of capitalism had appeared at the same time as social chaos, political disputes and military clashes , more and more people began to suspect the justification for those who held the power,Painting and sculpture were the first area to reflect the change of subjects and tastes.(2) What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.The Renaissance is characterised by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.。

(1) Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology which was fully developed by the religious tales of the Homeric epic and thus affected the later development of all kinds of Greek culture.Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC–547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water. His philosophy was materialism. He was followed by Pythagoras who assumed that the key to the understanding of the world is numbers, on the opposition of the spokesman for idealism.The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, but was keen on probing into the definition of some ethical and behavioral issues, such as “friendship”and “courage”.Plato established the Academy －the first Greek institution of higher learning. His contributions included his theory of ideas and his arguments on “republic”which was supposed to embrace his ideals about a future state where humans could enjoy a happy life. Aristotle is also a learned man and his work covers wide-ranging areas. His reputation as a philosopher largely depends on his argument on metaphysics which he tried to achieve a compromise between matter and divinity. Literary representation centred round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey, lyrical poetry by Sappho and Pindar and drama by Aeschylus, Euripides and Aristophanes. Their works combined Greek myths and social life and won much appreciation and enthusiasm from the public.In science the mathematician Euclid established plane geometry and Archimedes discovered the ratio of radius of a circle and the relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere.(2) What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture. The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on the Western civilization. The Greeks were the first to successfully create a government based on the consensus of the people and thus provided a foundation for Western democracy.The second significant influence was that of philosophy. The Socratic idea about ethics and knowledge helped the Westerners care more for the effect of knowledge and value of morality, both of which give sound guidance to people in the later years to improve and change the world outside themselves, i.e., human society and the natural world.Later generations of Westerners have benefited a lot from Greek culture, such as those in painting, sculpture, architecture, drama, poetry and historical works. Classicism had Greek culture as one of the crucial sources, and this has helped Westerners so much that they ascribed the origin of the Renaissance to it. This changed the intellectual conditions of the later medieval period and opened the way to the modern era in the West.Chapter 21. Tell briefly the major characteristics and contributions of Roman culture, as aredemonstrated in religion, poetry, history and architecture.In the early period, Roman culture often depended heavily on the introduction and imitation of other cultures, particularly, Greek culture. Thus Romans created their own powerful culture, laying the foundation for subsequent Western culture in many fields. According to Greek culture and others’ culture; they created their o wn gods and myth, In poetry, ancient Rome made brilliant achievements,Livy was responsible for the great History of Rome in 142 volumes. His work has always been cited by later statesmen, writers or scholars,The architecture of Ancient Rome adopted the Greek style for its own purposes, but the Romans also developed a new kind.2. In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture? Give examples.Roman culture learned and inherited a lot from Greek culture.,religion, philosophy and literature. In religion, Rome had its own system of beliefs which had been simple and could hardly compare with the plurality of Greek religion. The same is true of Roman philosophy where we could find examples ,In literature, Roman men of letters also borrowed a All in all, the two cultures are closely linkedgreat deal from Greek culture.Chapter 31. How was the Jewish civilization developed after a tortuous history of split and unification? The major explanation for the development of the Jewish civilization is its strong cohesiveness and vitality,they put into effect their Judaist beliefs and what they read of Judaist scriptures.From then on Jews have begun to become aware of the necessicity to liberate themselves from the restrictive laws and acquire new knowledge and modern ideas from the Europeans, Most of Jews thus received a good education, fully armed with cultural and scientific knowledge and did well in their own position they could quickly turn it into a well developed nation in spite of its small size and small population .2．Say something about Judaism and The Old Testament.The Old Testament is the Judaist Bible. It was written in Hebrew, including the three parts：Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. After The Old Testament was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars，many westerners began to understand Judaism by reading this book. It is not only of religious value but also of literatry value.Chapter 41. What are the main components of Christianity and why could it be accepted as the official religion first by the Roman Empire and then by the following kingdoms or empires in Europe?(1)The main components of Christianity are ：1) The Bible as the only Christian scripture;Major Christian doctrines about Trinity and Redemption;3) Other doctrines or events of Christianity:(2 )Christianity is accepted and popular in Europe because of these factors:1).For the common people in the empire ,they needed something to fill up their spiritual vacuum. Christianity could play such a role.2). It could work together with any secular regimes to offer necessary assistance.3). The name and influence of Christiaity would be a symbol of sacredness and justification,4) Christianity is also a kind of culture, it could be tolerated because their life and property could thus be secured in the changed circumstances.2. What are the basic differences between Christianity and Judaism?In spite of the fact that the two religions derived from Jewish culture, there are some basic differences between them.First is the different image of God.Second is different view of God. Jehovah is viewed He is like fire or wind .God is kinder and more helpful, Third is the different position each religion is located in and hence would make different contribution. Fourth is Jehovah was important to Jews only in theory and affect them in spirit occasionally while Christianity moved into secular life for the Westerner as Pope and churches became very powerful .Chapter 61.Tell simply the background and development of the Renaissance.It was no accident that it first occurred in Florence and Italy where the early signs of capitalism had appeared at the same time as social chaos, political disputes and military clashes , more and more people began to suspect the justification for those who held the power,Painting and sculpture were the first area to reflect the change of subjects and tastes.(2) What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.The Renaissance is characterised by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate. Instances could be located in these areas, such as the huge change of subjects and styles in painting. The medieval painting used to centre on depicting Jesus Christ and other Christian subjects, not only effecting similar and the limited subject matter, but also depicting stylistically facial expressions and manners. The great artists in the Renaissance started to focus on the images with individualistic temperament, highlighting humanity instead of divinity, thus breaking away from the medieval frozen models and linking classicalism with human nature as the centre of their representational work.。

(1) Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology which was fully developed by the religious tales of the Homeric epic and thus affected the later development of all kinds of Greek culture.Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC–547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water. His philosophy was materialism. He was followed by Pythagoras who assumed that the key to the understanding of the world is numbers, on the opposition of the spokesman for idealism.The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, but was keen on probing into the definition of some ethical and behavioral issues, such as “friendship”and “courage”.Plato established the Academy －the first Greek institution of higher learning. His contributions included his theory of ideas and his arguments on “republic”which was supposed to embrace his ideals about a future state where humans could enjoy a happy life. Aristotle is also a learned man and his work covers wide-ranging areas. His reputation as a philosopher largely depends on his argument on metaphysics which he tried to achieve a compromise between matter and divinity. Literary representation centred round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey, lyrical poetry by Sappho and Pindar and drama by Aeschylus, Euripides and Aristophanes. Their works combined Greek myths and social life and won much appreciation and enthusiasm from the public.In science the mathematician Euclid established plane geometry and Archimedes discovered the ratio of radius of a circle and the relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere.(2) What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture. The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on the Western civilization. The Greeks were the first to successfully create a government based on the consensus of the people and thus provided a foundation for Western democracy.The second significant influence was that of philosophy. The Socratic idea about ethics and knowledge helped the Westerners care more for the effect of knowledge and value of morality, both of which give sound guidance to people in the later years to improve and change the world outside themselves, i.e., human society and the natural world.Later generations of Westerners have benefited a lot from Greek culture, such as those in painting, sculpture, architecture, drama, poetry and historical works. Classicism had Greek culture as one of the crucial sources, and this has helped Westerners so much that they ascribed the origin of the Renaissance to it. This changed the intellectual conditions of the later medieval period and opened the way to the modern era in the West.Chapter 21. Tell briefly the major characteristics and contributions of Roman culture, as are demonstrated in religion, poetry, history and architecture.In the early period, Roman culture often depended heavily on the introduction and imitation of other cultures, particularly, Greek culture. Thus Romans created their own powerful culture, laying the foundation for subsequent Western culture in many fields. According to Greek culture and others’ culture; they created their own gods and myth, In poetry, ancient Rome made brilliant achievements,Livy was responsible for the great History of Rome in 142 volumes. His work has always been cited by later statesmen, writers or scholars,The architecture of Ancient Rome adopted the Greek style for its own purposes, but the Romans also developed a new kind.2. In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture? Give examples.Roman culture learned and inherited a lot from Greek culture.,religion, philosophy and literature. In religion, Rome had its own system of beliefs which had been simple and could hardly compare with the plurality of Greek religion. The same is true of Roman philosophy where we could find examples ,In literature, Roman men of letters also borrowed a All in all, the two cultures are closely linkedgreat deal from Greek culture.Chapter 31. How was the Jewish civilization developed after a tortuous history of split and unification? The major explanation for the development of the Jewish civilization is its strong cohesiveness and vitality,they put into effect their Judaist beliefs and what they read of Judaist scriptures.From then on Jews have begun to become aware of the necessicity to liberate themselves from the restrictive laws and acquire new knowledge and modern ideas from the Europeans, Most of Jews thus received a good education, fully armed with cultural and scientific knowledge and did well in their own position they could quickly turn it into a well developed nation in spite of its small size and small population .2．Say something about Judaism and The Old Testament.The Old Testament is the Judaist Bible. It was written in Hebrew, including the three parts：Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. After The Old Testament was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars，many westerners began to understand Judaism by reading this book. It is not only of religious value but also of literatry value.Chapter 41. What are the main components of Christianity and why could it be accepted as the official religion first by the Roman Empire and then by the following kingdoms or empires in Europe?(1)The main components of Christianity are ：1) The Bible as the only Christian scripture;Major Christian doctrines about Trinity and Redemption;3) Other doctrines or events of Christianity:(2 )Christianity is accepted and popular in Europe because of these factors:1).For the common people in the empire ,they needed something to fill up their spiritual vacuum. Christianity could play such a role.2). It could work together with any secular regimes to offer necessary assistance.3). The name and influence of Christiaity would be a symbol of sacredness and justification,4) Christianity is also a kind of culture, it could be tolerated because their life and propertycould thus be secured in the changed circumstances.2. What are the basic differences between Christianity and Judaism?In spite of the fact that the two religions derived from Jewish culture, there are some basic differences between them.First is the different image of God.Second is different view of God. Jehovah is viewed He is like fire or wind .God is kinder and more helpful, Third is the different position each religion is located in and hence would make different contribution. Fourth is Jehovah was important to Jews only in theory and affect them in spirit occasionally while Christianity moved into secular life for the Westerner as Pope and churches became very powerful .Chapter 61.Tell simply the background and development of the Renaissance.It was no accident that it first occurred in Florence and Italy where the early signs of capitalism had appeared at the same time as social chaos, political disputes and military clashes , more and more people began to suspect the justification for those who held the power,Painting and sculpture were the first area to reflect the change of subjects and tastes.(2) What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.The Renaissance is characterised by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate. Instances could be located in these areas, such as the huge change of subjects and styles in painting. The medieval painting used to centre on depicting Jesus Christ and other Christian subjects, not only effecting similar and the limited subject matter, but also depicting stylistically facial expressions and manners. The great artists in the Renaissance started to focus on the images with individualistic temperament, highlighting humanity instead of divinity, thus breaking away from the medieval frozen models and linking classicalism with human nature as the centre of their representational work.。