《科技英语一》PPT课件

• 现代高速计算机能消除重复的、耗时的一般性计算。 还能从根本上排除数字错误,因为这时的计算机具有验 证功能。
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• 为了实现措辞的简洁入理, 科技英语依次选用词、词组和短语 。即通过简易表达来说明复杂的科技现象, 这样能排除多余繁 杂和含糊辞藻。如 many(myriad)←lots of (a 1ot of, a number of); so that← with the result that; whether← whether or not(the question as to whether)。
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科技英语的措辞规则
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平实、严谨、简明和逻辑抽象
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• 科技英语是表达自然、思维和社会现象、原则理论和本质定 律的，因而它有平实、严谨、简明和逻辑抽象的措辞规则。 科技英语的“表达方式以抽象性、逻辑性、说理性为特征， 要求平实、严谨、简明。在语文材料和修辞手段的运用上注 重平白质实，不求华巧奇特。在思想内容和表达形式的结合 上，要求谨严切合，直接呈现科学思维的逻辑条理性，而不 运用修辞变通。在表达效果和可读性的追求上，要使人理解 ，而非使人感动，故以明晰简洁为度。用词讲究术语的专义 性、书面性和国际通用性。造句以规范完整的复合句式直陈 事理为基本格调。章法常有一定的程式，按事理的逻辑顺序 布局成文。
虽然这些分子允许可见波长的辐射——阳光的绝大部分能量就汇
集于此——不受阻挡地穿透, 但它们却会吸收某些较长波长, 亦即从地
球表面辐射出的红外发射, 这种辐射若不是二氧化碳的缘故就会被重新
输送回太空。
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科技英语的用词格式
规范、准确、强调和结构清晰
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• 科技英语用确切具体的词汇, 不用局限粗俗、过时 少用和敷衍邋遢的表达。如方言、俚语、行话、口 语词、废弃词、混杂词,以及笼统词或华丽辞藻。所 以,需要减少陈词滥调, 如swell, stuff, to get a hunch。当然,科技领域亦用同义文雅词来表达客观 真实或抽象内容。 如: stiff→ rigid; suitable→ appropriate; make → fabricate

Half a dozen vendors, plus in-house departments at major manufacturers, produced $800 million worth in 2000.
--在2000年，六家专门厂商加上几家大公司的触控产品部门，以同时选用好几种技术”避免了直接在汉语的译 文中使用被动句的情况。
The different technologies may be used in the same applications, although pros and cons lead to prevalent combinations: resistive screens for industrial controls and Palm Pilots; capacitive screens for slot machines; wave screens for ATMs and indoor kiosks.Most people are unaware of the type of screen they are using.
EST WRITITNGS ANALYSIS
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At Your Fingertips 弹指之间
We use touch screens everywhere: tourist kiosks, automatic teller machines, point-of-sale terminals, industrial controls. Half a dozen vendors, plus inhouse departments at major manufacturers, produced $800 million worth in 2000. The market is growing because the interfaces are easy-to-use, durable and inexpensive.

• Improvement of Professional Literacy in Science and Technology English
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Overview of Science and Technology English Major
Definition of Science and Technology English Major
Summary writing skills
Identifying key information
Ability to select the most important ideas and details from a text and organize them into a coherent summary.
and the ability to explain them clearly.
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Avoiding ambiguity
Ability to avoid ambiguity when using technical terms by
providing clear definitions and examples.
• Formatting and style: Adherence to specific formatting guidelines (e.g., APA, MLA) and maintenance of a consistent style throughout the paper.
• Organization and structure: Clear organization of ideas into logical sections with appropriate headings and subheadings, and use of transitional phrases to facilitate the reader's understanding.

(Arabic numerals)
百万分之三 a third part in 1,000,000 a third part per million a third part in a million
练习 其误差（ 其误差（error）为6/1012。 ）
Its error is 6 parts in 1012.
4. 表示倍数增长 This wire is five times longer than that one. N times +比较级＝N times as ＋原级＋as 比较级＝ 原级＋ 比较级 这根导线比那根长4倍 这根导线比那根长 倍。 这根导线是那根长度的5倍。 这根导线是那根长度的 倍
5. on/upon(“一…就”，“在…之后”) 之后” 一 就 之后 Upon rearranging the above equations, we get to the following set of equations. 练习：在把这些值代入（ 练习：在把这些值代入（substitute） ） 人们发现v就等于 就等于（ 后，人们发现 就等于（be equal to） ） 光速(velocity) 。
The internal resistance of this kind of storage battery is only ____________. The internal resistance of this kind of storage battery is only a few thousandths of an ohm.
答案 1. 倍数、分数＋the＋名词 倍数、分数＋the＋ 该电路中的电流为电源（ 该电路中的电流为电源（source）的短路电流 ） (short-circuit current)的一半。 的一半。 的一半 The current in the circuit is one half the short-circuit current of the source. 2.倍数 分数＋ 2.倍数、分数＋ that (of 短语) 倍数、 短语) 月球的质量为地球的1/81. 月球的质量为地球的 The mass of the moon is that of the earth. 3.倍数、分数＋ what 从句 倍数、 倍数 分数＋ 现在其内部的压力是原来的1/3。 现在其内部的压力是原来的 。 Now its internal pressure is 1/3 what it was.

1. They are different in two ways. The Indian race is intolerant of humidity while Philippine race tolerates excess moisture. The fruit of the Indian race bears monoembryonic fruit of high color and regular form but the Philippine race bears polyembryonic fruit which is pale green and elongated kidney-shaped.
Unit 1 Animals Unit and 1 Animals Plants and Plants
Part II Detailed Study of the Texts and Classroom
TAXT A
3.set n. shoot, slip苗，秧 vt. develop fruit结果 fruit set果苗木 / to set fruit结出果实
Unit 1 Animals and Plants
Part II Detailed Study of the Texts and Classroom
TAXT A
Activities Language Study 1.be native to 原产于 They're generally agreed to be crimson - fronted parakeets, native to Central America. 它们被公认为是原产于中美洲的一种头部呈深红色的长尾 小鹦鹉. 2.be subject to 受支配，从属于… Although these targets wouldnot be internationally bindin g, they would be subjectto outside verification. 虽然这些目标不具有国际约束力，但它们将受到外界监督。

by-product ：n. 副产品；附带产生的结果；意 外收获 stalk ：n. 茎秆；v. 悄悄接近；高视阔步；蔓延 harvest ：收割；收成 soak ：vt. 吸收；沉浸在； vi. 浸泡；渗透； n. 浸；湿透；大雨 decompose：分解，腐烂

• 这些结果已经被Walker和他的研究伙伴Dr Katharine Beadle发表了，Beadle连续花了 18个月的时间彻底的反复测试环保房屋在 一系列危险因素下的性能，比如说侵蚀性 能、耐火性能、抗风性能，目前看来各项 性能都是可靠的。


• knock over 1、撞倒，击倒；打翻，弄翻： • The cat knocked over the vase on the table. • 猫将桌上的花瓶弄翻了。 • 2、压倒，轻易地打败： • She was knocked over by fever. • 她由于发烧而病倒了。 • We soon knocked over our competitor. • 我们很快打败了我们的竞争对手。 • 3、克服(困难)，摆脱： • We tried our best to knock over difficulties. • 我们尽最大努力克服困难。 • 4、使震惊，使心烦意乱： • The news fairly knocked me over. • 这消息真使我吃惊。

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“你们总想有点戏剧性的，但是我们并 不能得到它”Beadle笑着说。那天研究团 队把一个ModCell单元拿到实验室里去测试 ，并且把它放到一个炽热的熔炉里加热， 炉里的温度超过1000度才能使它燃烧成灰 烬。

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list of ......的清单 blow down 1、(风等)吹倒；被风等吹倒： Many trees were blown down. 许多树被刮倒了。 2、(风)吹落，使掉下： The wind has blown apples down. 风刮落了树上的苹果。 3、(风)往下吹进(烟囱、管道等)： The rubbish has been blown down the pipe.

cations system is first concerned with the collation, processing and storage of information before its transmission. The actual transmission then follows. Finally we have reception.
It is often convenient to vary the capacitance in a circuit without removing the capacitor. The component in Fig. 2 are fixed capacitors, since it is clearly not easy to vary their capacitance. The common variable capacitor is made of two sets of interleaved plates. One set is immobile and the other set is attached to a shaft. If we rotate the shaft, we can effectively change the area of the plates so as to change the capacitance. Because the dielectric is air and it is necessary to make the separation between plates relatively large to assure that they do not touch, maximum capacitance values are limited to about 500 pF.

computers enable them to perform operations
at high speeds.
元件，构件
计算机在体积上差别很大，最小的可以嵌入 一块手表内，而最大的则可以占据整个房间。计 算机的电子元件可以使其以高速运行。
The fastest computer is
able to perform billions of calculations per second. Computes
期望的结果
对每个问题，使用者都必须提供必需的数据并预先编好正确的程序 （运行顺序），计算机通过程序处理数据并给出期望的结果。
Because of , on account of
极大的，巨大的
晶体管
Owing to the tremendous progress in
the micro-miniaturization of the transistor
实际上
部门，扇区
增生，扩散
自20世纪60年代后期，由于晶体管（计算机 的基本元件）在微型化方面取得的巨大进展，廉 价的小型计算机在社会的各个部门都得到了广泛 的应用。
发达国家
帮助，支援
Industrialized countries have become
dependent on computers to assist in daily
since it normally also contains the
arithmetic and logic unit, is known as the
central processing unit (CPU), namely the
central processing unit (CPU) consists of a

Enhance language comprehension
By analyzing complex English texts, students will improve their language comprehension and critical thinking abilities
Expand knowledge in science and technology
要点二
Roots and affixes method
Teach students to use knowledge of word construction such as roots and affixes to infer the meaning of new words and improve their reading comprehension ability.
要点三
Learning in context
Placing vocabulary in specific contexts, understanding the meaning of vocabulary through context, and deepening memory.
New vocabulary learning and memory methods
Reading comprehension skills
Summarizing
Summarizing is the skill of condensing a passage into a brief overview that captures its main points It helps in retaining important information and understanding the overall message of the text

复杂性：复杂单句用得多，复合句用得多
口语化：口语用得多，随意灵活
书面化：长句用得多，书卷气浓
如何学科技英语？
词汇
• 专业词汇的特点 • 专业词汇的构词法 • 专业词汇的翻译
语法
专业词汇的特点
• 1）普通词汇专业化
• 2）专业术语词义单一性
• 3）较多使用前缀和后缀
• 4）大量使用复合词、派生词、转化词等
复
合
词
• 又称合成词，是由两个或两个以上的旧词合成 副词+过去分词 著名的 well-known 一个新词。
名词+名词 carbon steel rust-resistance 碳钢 防锈
名词+过去分词
介词+名词 动词+副词 形容词+名词 动词+代词+副词 副词+介词+名词
computer-oriented
• 《Forrest Gump 》：
Life is like a box of chocolate, you never know what you’re gonna get.
Scientific English
• The suspension was in the form of a colloidal solution that remained in that state for 1 month without settling (Fig. 1).
by-product makeup check-up atomic weight periodic table pick-me-up out-of-door
研制计算机的
副产物 化妆品 检查 原子量 周期表 兴奋剂 户外