OCM入路小切口全髋关节置换
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全髋关节置换手术记录麻醉成功后,患者取左侧卧位,体位架固定。
常规碘酒、酒精消毒术野皮肤,铺无菌巾单。
行右侧髋关节后外侧切口,长约12cm,逐层切开皮肤、皮下组织,电凝止血。
切开阔筋膜,显露大粗隆,于大粗隆后方钝性分离臀大肌与臀中肌间隙,保护坐骨神经,牵开臀中肌,显露外旋肌群,于转子间窝处切断外旋肌群(梨状肌、上孑肌、闭孔内肌及下孑肌),用紫线标记。
沿股骨骨膜剥离显露小转子,同时暴露髋关节关节囊,切开后侧关节囊,用紫线标记。
屈曲内旋髋关节暴露股骨头,使股骨头脱位。
见股骨头塌陷、变形,失去正常形态。
清除股骨颈基底部纤维组织,在小粗隆上1.5cm处垂直于股骨颈用电锯截除股骨头及股骨颈,取出股骨头。
板状拉钩显露髋臼。
切除髋臼缘增生骨质,松解关节周围纤维组织。
切除髋臼内软组织。
依次用44mm-54mm髋臼锉保持外翻45°前倾15°磨削髋臼,达髋臼真臼底,并见软骨下骨广泛渗血,彻底止血冲洗干净髋臼,以髋臼试模测试髋臼大小、方向良好。
于外翻45°前倾15°方向打入非骨水泥型56mm(LINK公司人工髋关节)髋臼假体,两枚螺丝钉固定牢固。
打入高分子聚乙稀内衬。
安徽省中医院骨伤科周章武清理梨状窝内软组织,于靠近大粗隆根部之股骨颈横断面中点处,依次以直径8-12mm髓腔锉扩大髓腔,然后以2A之股骨柄试模扩大髓腔,按装直径2A股骨假体试模及标准股骨头假体,复位后松紧度满意,取出试模。
按装2A股骨非骨水泥型假体和直径40mm金属股骨头假体,复位髋关节。
活动髋关节屈曲、外展、外旋不受限,内旋达45度(并向后推动膝关节,不能造成关节脱位),活动满意。
放置自体血回收负压引流管。
在大粗隆上用克氏针钻两个小孔分别穿入紫线系牢。
清点纱布、器械无缺。
缝合阔筋膜、皮下、皮肤。
无菌敷料包扎切口。
手术顺利,出血约1000ml,麻醉满意,术后病人安返病房。
本次手术器械及人工髋关节假体由LINK公司提供。
局解手术学杂志http ://2023,32(9)J REG ANAT OPER SURG 直接前方入路微创全髋关节置换术规范化方案李杰1,程治铭2,张瑗1 (1. 陆军军医大学第二附属医院骨科,重庆 400037;2. 联勤保障部队第964医院骨科,吉林 长春130000)[摘要] 目的 总结直接前方入路(DAA)全髋关节置换术的应用解剖和技术要点,并探讨手术规范化操作。
方法 回顾性分析陆军军医大学第二附属医院行DAA 全髋关节置换术患者的临床资料,总结该术式的标准化流程与手术指征;分析该术式的手术效果和相关并发症的发生情况。
结果 陆军军医大学第二附属医院从2015年1月至2022年1月完成3 042例髋关节置换手术,平均手术时间(84.2±32.4)min ,术中出血量平均为(217.0±67.4)mL ,术后平均住院时间为(3.2±0.8)d 。
手术部位感染发生率1.15%(35例),下肢不等长发生率0.82%(25例),假体周围骨折发生率0.52%(16例),脱位发生率0.16%(5例),股外侧皮神经损伤发生率1.81%(55例)。
术前Harris 评分平均为(62.4±2.5)分,术后为(87.6±3.1)分,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.01)。
结论 与传统手术相比,DAA 全髋关节置换术从阔筋膜张肌和股直肌间隙入路显露髋关节,具有软组织损伤小、术后恢复快、住院时间短等优点,通过规范手术操作,有助于该术式的推广。
[关键词] 微创;直接前方入路;全髋关节置换术[中图分类号] R658.3 [文献标识码] A [收稿日期] 2022-11-07Standardized scheme of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty through direct anterior approach LI Jie 1,CHENG Zhi -ming 2,ZHANG Yuan 1 (1. Department of Orthopedics , Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University ,Chongqing 400037,China ;2. Department of Orthopedics ,the 964th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force ,Changchun Jilin 130000, China )Abstract: Objective To summarize the applied anatomy and technical points of direct anterior approach (DAA) total hip arthroplasty,and explore the standardized surgical operation.Methods The clinical data of patients treated with DAA total hip arthroplasty in Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University were retrospectively analyzed,the standardized procedures and indications of the operation were summarized.The postoperative efficacy and incidence of related complications of this surgical procedure were analyzed.Results From January 2015 to January 2022, 3 042 hip arthroplasties were completed in Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University. The average operation time was (84.2±32.4) minutes, the average intraoperative blood loss was (217.0±67.4) mL, and the average postoperative hospitaliza⁃tion time was (3.2±0.8) days. The surgical site infection rate was 1.15% (35 cases), the incidence of lower limb length inequality rate was0.82% (25 cases), the periprosthetic fracture rate was 0.52% (16 cases), the dislocation rate was 0.16% (5 cases), and the incidence of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury was 1.81% (55 cases). The average Harris score was (62.4±2.5) points before operation and (87.6±3.1) points after operation, the difference was significant (P <0.01). Conclusion Compared with traditional surgery, DAA total hip arthroplasty exposes the hip joint through the space between tensor fasciae latae muscle and rectus femoris muscle, which has the advantages of less soft tissuedamage, faster postoperative recovery, and shorter hospitalization time. Sandardizing the operation is helpful to promote the operation .Keywords: minimal invasion ;direct anterior approach ;total hip arthroplasty直接前方入路(direct anterior approach,DAA )用于髋关节置换手术在欧洲已有一个多世纪的发展史,是最为常见的髋关节置换手术入路,其通过阔筋膜张肌/股直肌的肌肉间隙进入以完成髋关节部位的手术操作。