Barron阅读文本第一套

英语阅读理解题20套（带答案）及解析一、阅读理解题及答案1. 阅读材料：问题：Why do Tom's parents worry about him?答案：A. They think he spends too much time on sports.2. 阅读材料：Lucy is a primary school teacher. She is very patient and always encourages her students to be confident. Many students like her because she makes learning fun.问题：What is Lucy's occupation?答案：B. Teacher二、解析1. 第一题解析：本题考查学生对文章细节的理解。

从阅读材料中可以看出，Tom的父母担心他因为过于沉迷篮球而忽视学业。

因此，正确答案为A。

2. 第二题解析：本题考查学生对文章主要人物职业的把握。

文章明确提到Lucy是一名小学老师，因此正确答案为B。

三、提高阅读理解能力的技巧1. 先读题目，再读文章。

这样可以在阅读时更有针对性地寻找答案。

2. 注意文章的和副，它们往往揭示了文章的主旨。

3. 留意文章中的关键词和主题句，这些往往是理解文章大意的关键。

4. 学会略读和扫读，快速获取文章大意，然后再进行细读寻找具体信息。

5. 遇到生词时，不要慌张，可以根据上下文推测词义。

四、实例解析阅读材料：问题：What is the purpose of the "Greening Greenfield" project?答案：C. To make the town more environmentally friendly and improve the quality of life.解析：本题考查学生对文章主旨的理解。

攀登英语阅读系列分级阅读Reading is an essential skill that allows individuals to learn, grow, and expand their horizons. 阅读是一项至关重要的技能，让个人能够学习、成长，并拓展自己的视野。

One popular reading series that helps individuals improve their English reading skills is the "Climbing English Reading Series." 这是一套帮助人们提高英语阅读能力的受欢迎的阅读系列书籍。

The series offers a range of reading material that is tailored to different proficiency levels, from beginner to advanced. 该系列提供了各种书籍，针对不同的水平，从初级到高级。

For beginners, the series focuses on building foundational vocabulary and comprehension skills through simple stories and exercises. 对于初学者，该系列着重于通过简单的故事和练习来建立基本的词汇和理解能力。

As readers progress through the series, the material becomes more challenging, requiring them to analyze and interpret more complextexts. 随着读者在系列中的进展，内容变得更具挑战性，需要他们分析和解释更复杂的文章。

One of the benefits of the "Climbing English Reading Series" is that it allows readers to track their progress and see tangible improvements in their reading skills over time. “攀登英语阅读系列”的一个好处是，它让读者可以追踪自己的进步，并随着时间的推移看到阅读能力的实质性提高。

上完了sat课程以后，还有一两个月或者更长的时间才考试，在这样一个没有人监督自己也提不起兴趣的情况下，应该怎么样展开下一个阶段的复习呢？这是很多sat的考生都对面对的一个问题，今天我就就这个问题跟大家简单的介绍。

1.背单词。

在应对sat考试的过程中，单词的积累是必不可少的。

direct hits, barron 800, barron 3500都是很好的选择。

一般情况下，必须背诵2遍以上。

在练习阅读的过程中注意积累关键的单词，这样通过阅读记忆的单词不仅知道了它的意思还能对它在文章中的具体用法有一个深入的了解。

时刻提醒自己，单词是阅读的基础，所以一定要果断拿起单词书。

因为真正成功的人不仅要做自己喜欢做的事，还要做自己应该做的事，既然选择了去美国，那就从背单词开始。

2.复习上课讲过的阅读/语法/填空/写作技巧有了一定的基础再加上自己上课时老师教授的那些技巧，学习的过程中可以少走弯路。

课程的时间特别短，所以这样一个逐渐消化的过程也是必需的。

3.大量做题光学习技巧、背单词肯定不够，在这基础上一定还要配合大量的做题。

有些学生会问我语法知识点都会还是题目还是做不对应该怎么办，我的回答就是大量做题。

有的学生会问我做了很多题还是有很多题做不出来怎么办，我的回答是继续大量做题。

当然在这儿要申明的一点是，做题绝对不是盲目的一把抓似的做题，错误的量的积累导致的只能是错误的飞跃。

所以，刚开始做题一定是以提高正确率为前提的，但是一定要逐步转向限时做题。

4.题后答疑和消化做了很多题错题是难免的，在这样的情况下，就对考生们提出了一个新的挑战——那就是怎么样将那些错题和盲点清扫干净。

在这样的情况下，一般比较推荐学生们要是在经济条件允许的情况下上一些答疑课程，有专门的老师讲解可以少去自己和大量同类型错题磨磨叽叽的时间，这对于备考sat时间很紧的学生来讲无疑是至关重要的。

同时，自己的消化和吸收也非常重要。

老师能做的毕竟只是少数，能够帮助自己走向成功之门的还是只有自己本身。

外研社英语分级阅读第一级breakfast English:In the first level of Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press (FLTRP) English Graded Reading series, the topic is "breakfast." This topic serves as an introduction to reading comprehension for beginner English learners. The content typically includes simple descriptions of various breakfast foods, such as cereal, toast, eggs, and fruit. It may also cover basic vocabulary related to breakfast routines, such as "eat," "drink," "morning," and "hungry." Through engaging stories and activities, students are encouraged to develop their reading skills while learning about the importance of breakfast in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The texts are designed to be accessible to young learners, with straightforward language and colorful illustrations to aid comprehension. By focusing on a familiar and universally relatable topic like breakfast, students can build confidence in their reading abilities while expanding their English vocabulary and cultural knowledge.中文翻译:在外研社英语分级阅读系列的第一级中，主题是“早餐”。

Unit OneVocabulary1.The Underground Railroad was an elaborate(a complicated) network of safe houses organizedto help slaves escape from bondage before the Cicil War.2.This proposal might be an incentive(encourage) for some doctors to perform necessary testsand operations.3.The army corps carried out the general’s order to the letter(in every detail).4.In China,the business is in a state of transition(change).5.When required by their parents to eat spinach and other green vegetable,many children onlydo so reluctantly(unwillingly).6.If an object is suspended from any point on the vertical line passing through its center ofgravity,the object will remain stationary(immobile).7.The president is on the point of providing(about to provide) the committee with a briefingpaper on the plan.8.Scientific evidence from different disciplines(fields of study) demonstrates that in mosthumans the left hemisphere of the brain controls language.9.The concept of market system caught on(became popular) quickly.10.It is necessary that the membership applications should be dispatched(sent off) immediately.11.John took grent pains to please his employer.12.Now that the boy was earning his own living he could defy his father’s strict rules.13.The phrase ORGANIZATION MAN was first coined in 1965 to describe an individualcommitted to a firm’s goal.14.In buying a suit,a difference of ten cents in prices is negligible.15.The doctor didn’t reveal to the patient his hopeless condition.16.Get a shirt one size larger than you usually wear,because this material shrinks when you washit.17.The burglar was taken to the Police Station and charged with breaking and entering.18.In the later 70s,the price of gold rose sharply on account of a world wide sense of insecurity.19.I thought it was going to rain but it has turned out fine.20.When they moved into their new house,they decided to get rid of most of their old furniture.Unit TwoVocabulary1.The first step in planning a marketing strategy for a new product is to analyze the breakdownof(itemization of) sales figures for competitive products.2.Alexander’s prediction(prophecy) that there would be an earthquake dismayed most of hisfriends.3.The security guard ejected(expelled) two men who were yelling in the courtroom.4.This diminishes(reduces) the possibility that Atlantis was in the Caribbean Sea.5.In his biography,Thomas Hardy is described as a very hardworking(industrious) writer.6.He was such a shrewd(wise) businessman that he never lost money in any transaction.7. A long journey in cold weather is dreadfully(terribly) tiring.8.By 1817 the United States Congress had done away with(eliminated) all internal taxes andwas relying on tariffs on imported goods to provide sufficient revenue to run the government.9.The Chinese government refused to intervene in(interfere in) the quarrel.10.In astronomy,a scale of magnitude from one to six denotes(signifies) the brightness of a star.11.When the costs began to go out of sight,the city abandoned the cleanup drive.12.I didn’t notice the log on the ground and stumbled over it.13.As the population of the world increases,and human needs expand,we must take care not toexhaust all of our natural resources at once.14.This kind of question can sometimes be answered only by process of exception.15.Below 600 feet,ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark.16.The microscope enables scientists to distinguish an incredible number and variety of bacteria.17.His test results are not very consistent.He does well one week and badly the next.18.In this age,education is considered an important key to success and minority groups especiallyare striving to better their lot by going to college.19.The actor forgot his lines but carried it off so well that the audience didn’t notice.20.Because of her lack of preparation,Nancy made a mess of her teaching the very first time.Unit ThreeVocabulary1.Even with adequate light and moisture,plant growth ceases when the air temperaturesuddenly(abruptly) drops below a certain minimum level.2.Could the author condense(compress) all the worthwhile information in this book into a fewpages?3.The economy of Dallas ,Texas,is strong and diversified.4.The company said that the difficulty in finding suitable translators was great and the costsprohibitive(unaffordable).5.The most striking(remarkable) technological success in the twentieth century is probably thecomputer revolution.6.Memory of that perilous(horrible) night remains very much on people’s minds in Kansas City.7.The future survival(existence) of the bald eagle is still an important American ecologicalconcern.8.Due to the efforts of conservationists and environmentalists,few people are unawareof(indifferent to) the problems of endangered species.9.The winner will be selected at random(by chance).10.Because light travels faster than sound,light appears to go before(precede) thunder.11.The Housing Committee has decided to give priority to the young married couple with onlyone child.12.My little sister is not allowed to play with the children next door because one of them issuffering from an infectious disease.13.The contract is invalid unless it is officially stamped.14.No one imagined that the apparently respectable business man was really a criminal.15.You cannot expect people to work hard unless you give them some kind of incentive.16.The bus moved slowly in the thick fog.As a result, we arrived at our destination almost twohours late.17.Let us hope they will refrain from hostile action.18.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can bedeliberately controlled and modified.19.The lecturer spoke so fast that I found it hard to take in what he was saying.20.I will say what I honestly think,even at the risk of offending people.Unit FourVocabulary1.Built in Vermont in 1785,the first long bridge in the United States measured 365 feet and wasmade of lumber(boards).2.The fire occurred when the old lady was taking a nap(doze).3.Since the couple could not reconcile(settle on friendly) their differences,they decided to get adivorce.4.Diesel locomotives,more powerful than their predecessors,are being used to haul(transport)goods across the United States.5.Food must be moist in order to have a taste.6.By law,when one makes a large purchase,he must have an adequate(an ample) opportunity tochange his mind.7.The number of missing children in the United States is appalling(shocking).st time we left off()were interrupted in the middle of our discussion on the “productionresponsibility system”.9.The ice cream cone,the hamburger,and iced tea were all introduced at the 1904 LouisianaPurchase Exposition informally(unofficially) known as the St.Louis Fair.10.The stolen jewels are of high value.They must be recovered at any cost(by any meansnecessary).11.A Member of Parliament has to spend a grent deal of time answering letters from hisconstituents.12.His parents died in a motor accident when he was young so he was brought up by a guardian.13.After university their lives diverged and they did not meet again for fifty years.14.The empire exploited its neighbor’s fears of military expansion to obtain trade concessionsfrom them.15.The country needs a stable government.We have had three Prime Ministers in a year.16.The young professor was sensitive to the suffering of animals.17.We could have provided him with a detached house but he specifically asked for a small flat.18.Soldiers are asked to act in obedience to the orders of their superior officers.19.The management are very happy to welcome you and hope that your visit will be mostpleasant,comfortable and,above all,beneficial.20.The chairman says he needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems thatmay occur in his absence.Unit FiveVocabulary1.Research indicates that children are quite capable of telling a deliberate(intentional) lie to getout of trouble.2.Graduate education and research are critical to us and to the nation.3.In a world that aims to eliminate hunger and disparities(inequality) in wealth, globeequilibrium is vital.4.Cars do “tell” their owners when something is wrong by making peculiar(strange) noises.5.Many were attracted by the prospect of securing landat low cost,and some were simplyfleeing oppression(bad treatment).6.“A rational(sensible) tax structure is a must if the country is to continue growing so fast,”thebank rightly says.7.Culture like nonverbal behavior tends to be elusive,and has a potent in fluence in interculturalcommunication.8.He lay still in the bed and seemed very detached from what was going on.9.The blow knocked him unconscious and it was several minutes before he regainedconsciousness(came to).10.The expanded aid package is to be presented at the meeting as evidence that Japan recognizesits global responsibilities and intends to live up to(fulfill) them.11.The interest on my small savings is negligible.12.From what he said,I infer that he believed Tom had stolen his watch.13.The new computer can be adapted to the needs of both home and business users.14.When it became clear that management and the union could not settle their differences,thePresident intervened to settle the argument.15.After a concert tour of Europe,Canada and the U.S.,he will resume work on a five-languageopera.16.Experiments carried out in Greenland recently have yielded the best evidence yet that IssacNewton’s 305-year-old law of gravity may be wrong.17.Some people apparently have an almost incredible ability to come up with the right answer.18.Workers in America are getting higher wages while turning out poor products that do notstand up to the test of international competition.19.If you insist on carrying out this mad experiment,you will have to answer for theconsequences.20.For all his city ways,he is a country boy at heart.Unit SixText AVocabularySection A1.When The Origin of Species first came out in 1859,it was bitterly condemned(denounced) byscientists and laymen.2.Many people were outraged(greatly angered) by the suggestion that man shared a commonancestor with animals such as apes and monkeys.lions of years ago,men and apes began to develop separately,and ever since havecontinued to take on different characteristics(features).4.The U.S.A is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast(enormous)natural resources within her borders5.The sleeping compartments of the ship are clean,tidy and invariably(always) small.6.The typhoons move toward the mainland of Asia,where they will hit with awesome(dreadful)force,do much damage and take numerous lives.7.The leaders are now working on a bilateral(two-sided) agreement.8.Scientific techniques made it possible for some of the caouses of symptoms to beunderstood,so that more accurate diagnosis(identification) has become possible.9.They have a tremendous fund(store) of experience from which you should benefit.10.Scientists have found that there are three distinct(separated) stages in a mosquito’s assault.Section B11.The trouble has arisen simply because you didn’t follow my instructions.12.Bill kept worrying about the future,wondering what was to become of him.13.The answer is quite confused and I can hardly make any sense of it at all.14.I wept as I watched the bodies of 14 murdered women students borne out of the engineeringschool at the University of Montreal.15.I wonder who is in possession of this luxurious car.16.I cannotunderstand how you put up with these depressing surroundings.17.Betty gave a glassof beer to her husband and a toy rabbit to the baby,respectively.18.The community has undergone great changes since you were here last.19.The house Smith bought is anything but clean.20.The salesman advertised the loss of his cleekbook in the local evening paper,with a reward ofonethousand dollarsfor the finderUnit SevenText AVocabularySection A1.Two substitutes(replacements) were used during the basketball games.2.The two small companies will merge(combine).3.The protesors handed out(distributed) leaflets describing their grievances.4.His opinions were uniformly(consistently) expressed during the discussion.5.The dominant(magor) theme is of stability and peacefulness.6.The boy was obstinate(stubborn) and would not listen to his mother.7. A lot of people think that she takes after(resembles) her father.8.He is always under the weather(sick).9.The waitress had the orders mixed up(confused).10.The revised(amended) proposals were debated.Section B11.Simon did not break any of the rules.12.When the instructor made a speech,his words came out in quick succession.13.The senior students of the teachers’ college often visited the local schools for the observationof lessons.14.The concert will be broadcast live on Radio Three.15.Once the Council has made its decision there is no room for argument.16.He clenched his fist and threatened to hit me.17.When I saw the avalanche descending on them,I yelled “Look out!”18.The Middle East countries have entered into negotiations over the peace treaty in the areasince this spring.19.How did you come by that beautiful picture?20.James made a speech forcefully to oppose the proposition of family planning in theconference.Unit EightText AVocabularySection A1.The miserly(stingly) millionaire refused to part with any of his money.2.They voted to abolish(eliminate) the office of second vice-president.3.The bulk(Most) of the herd had to be destroyed because of disease.4.You may go out if there is a stop(lull) in the storm.5.This legislation is critical to(crucial for) sustaining the business upturn.6.It turned out that he had fabricated(constructed) the whole story.7.Do as you are bidden(ordered).8.Alexander Hamilton was accused of being involved in a scheme(plot) to establish a separatenation in the western part of the United States.9.The judge ruled that the man’s claim to his father’s land was legitimate(legal).10.The club’s code(rule) of dress requires men to wear ties at dinner.Section B11.The theory of continental drift can account for the occurrence of earthquakes.12.The monument looks different from what the tourists expected.13.If that idea was wrong,the project is bound to fail,however good all the other ideas might be.14.He did his best to make me at ease.15.The child narrowly escaped drowning.16.The students are planning to go on a trip,but some of them will be staying home.17.The current political climate of our country is favourable for foreign investments.18.I asked the tailor to make a small alteration to my trousers because they were too long.19.The survival rate of some wild animals is not very high as they are ruthlessly hunted for theirskins.20.These excursions will give you an even deeper insight into our language and culture.Unit NineText AVocabularySection A1.Time strengthened the bonds(ties) between the two authors,and they show their best sides toeach other.2.Owing to Dr.Hunter’s efforts,the association received a large number ofdonations(contributions) from all over the nation.3.The retired colonel likes to relate his adventures during the war,but most of his narrativessound incredible(unbelievable).4.As a dedicated(zealous) researcher for four decades,Mr.Oler was held in high esteem by hiscolleagues.5.When it comes to speed and comfort,there is nothing to match(equal) a first-class flight on aBoeing 757.6.The agent was instructed to learn the address by heart(memorize).7.Though brought up(raised) in an upper class environment,she learned to use slang expressionsof all kinds.8.The firm was on the verge of bankruptcy after a series(succession) of catastrophes.9.What is missing from TV news reports(coverage) would fill a book.10.They believed that the merchants had tried to undermine(weaken) the nation’s economicindependence.Section B11.The novelist is a highly imaginative person.12.We must ensure that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.13.Accuracy is fundamental to the programming of computers.14.The vacuum cleaner is a valuable labor-saving device for the busy housewife.15.The deer in the park are so accustomed to being fed by visitors that they are quite tame.16.It’s on the top shelf,out of reach.17.They’re staying with us for the time being until they find a place of their own.18.All the hotels in the town were full up so we stayed in a nearby village.19.The bank is offering a reward to anyone who can give information about the robbery.20.Jane is far too impulsive,she must learn to consider her actions beforehand.Unit TenText AVocabularySection A1.Miss Smith,an heir to a large fortune,is serving a life term(office).2.Though rarely acknowledged(recognized),the role women have played in modern combat isextensive.3.The process of respiration(breathing) consists of two independent actions:inhaling andexhaling.4.Future scientific discovers will make possible the futher prolongation of the human lifespan(expectancy).5.I’ll see a dentist and have the badly decayed tooth pulled out(removed).6.The firemen inspected an abandoned warehouse for potential fire hazard(danger).7.He was in an irritable(a touchy) mood and could not sleep.8.The man stole(moved secretly) past a guard and managed to escape.9.As a victim of AIDS,he has undergone(withstood) untold sufferings during the last fewmonths.10.The reporter spent a year studying the system(set-up) of the under world organization of thearea.Section B11.I enjoyed that dish very much.would you mind letting me have the recipe for it?12.No one imagined that the apparently respectable businessman was really a criminal.13.The island where these rare birds nest has been declared a preservation area.14.Rarely have we seen such an effective actor as he has proven himself to be.15.What you should say in your speech is entirely up to you.16.I don’t think the Government are capable of beating their opponents in the general election.17.The problems here have been exaggerated out of all proportion.18.A clear head is what counts most in circumstances like these.19.After some years of practice.she now could follow VOA Special English program withoutmuch difficulty.20.They turned back reluctantly,realizing that the conditions were too bad for them to climb themountain.。

Roman Cultural Influence on BritainAfter the Roman Empire’s conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., the presence of administrators, merchants, and troops on British soil, along with the natural flow of ideas and goods from the rest of the empire, had an enormous influence on life in the British Isles. Cultural influences were of three types: the bringing of objects, the transfer of craft workers, and the introduction of massive civil architecture. Many objects were not art in even the broadest sense and comprised utilitarian items of clothing, utensils, and equipment. We should not underestimate the social status associated with such mundane possessions which had not previously been available. The flooding of Britain with red-gloss pottery form Gaul (modern-day France), decorated with scenes from Classical mythology, probably brought many into contact with the styles and artistic concepts of the Greco-Roman world for the first time, whether or not the symbolism was understood. Mass-produced goods were accompanied by fewer more aesthetically impressive objects such as statuettes. Such pieces perhaps first came with officials for their own religious worship; others were then acquired by native leaders as diplomatic gifts or by purchase. Once seen by the natives, such objects created a fashion which rapidly spread through the province.In the most extreme instances, natives literally bought the whole package of Roman culture. The Fishbourne villa, built in the third quarter of the first century A.D., probably for the native client king Cogidubnus, amply illustrates his Roman pretensions. It was constructed in the latest Italian style with imported marbles and stylish mosaics. It was lavishly furnished with imported sculptures and other Classical objects. A visitor from Rome would have recognized its owner as a participant in the contemporary culture of the empire, not at all provincial in taste. Even if those from the traditional families looked down on him, they would have been unable to dismiss him as uncultured. Although exceptional, this demonstrates how new cultural symbols bound provincials to the identify of the Roman world.Such examples established a standard to be copied. One result was an influx of craft worker, particularly those skilled in artistic media like stone-carving which had not existed before the conquest. Civilian workers came mostly from Gaul and Germany. The magnificent temple built beside the sacred spring at Bath was constructed only about twenty years after the conquest. Its detail shows that it was carved by artists from northeast Gaul. In the absence of a tradition ofClassical stone-carving and building, the desire to develop Roman amenities would have been difficult to fulfill. Administrators thus used their personal contacts to put the Britons in touch with architects and masons. As many of the officials in Britain had strong links with Gaul, it is not surprising that early Roman Britain owes much to craft workers from that area. Local workshops did develop and stylistically similar groups of sculpture show how skills in this new medium became widerspread. Likewise skills in the use of mosaic, wall painting, ceramic decoration, and metal-working developed throughout the province with the eventual emergence of characteristically Romano-British styles.This art had a major impact on the native peoples, and one of the most importance factors was a change in the scale of buildings. Pre-Roman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region. On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals, but society remained centered on small communities. Architecture of this era reflected this with even the largest of the fortified towns and hill forts containing no more than clusters of medium-sized structures. The spaces inside even the largest roundhouses were modest, and the use of rounded shapes and organic building materials gave buildings a human scale. But the effect of Roman civil architecture was significant. The sheer size of space enclosed within buildings like the basilica of London must have been astonishing. This was an architecture of dominance in which subject peoples were literally made to feel small by buildings that epitomized imperial power. Supremacy was accentuated by the unyielding straight lines of both individual buildings and planned settlements since these too provided a marked contrast with the natural curvilinear shapes dominant in the native realm.Passage1After the Roman Empire’s conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., the presence of administrators, merchants, and troops on British soil, along with the natural flow of ideas and goods from the rest of the empire, had an enormous influence on life in the British Isles. Cultural influences were of three types: the bringing of objects, the transfer of craft workers, and the introduction of massive civil architecture. Many objects were not art in even the broadest sense and comprised utilitarian items of clothing, utensils, and equipment. We should not underestimate the social status associated with such mundane possessions which had not previously beenavailable. The flooding of Britain with red-gloss pottery form Gaul (modern-day France), decorated with scenes from Classical mythology, probably brought many into contact with the styles and artistic concepts of the Greco-Roman world for the first time, whether or not the symbolism was understood. Mass-produced goods were accompanied by fewer more aesthetically impressive objects such as statuettes. Such pieces perhaps first came with officials for their own religious worship; others were then acquired by native leaders as diplomatic gifts or by purchase. Once seen by the natives, such objects created a fashion which rapidly spread through the province.1. The word “mundane” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. materialB. ordinaryC. valuedD. useful2.Paragraph 1 suggests that one benefit for British natives in buying such items as red-gloss pottery made in Gaul wasA. improved quality of utilitarian itemsB. Understanding the symbolism of Classical mythologyC. higher social standingD. Learning to mass-produce pottery for a profit3.Paragraph 1 supports which of the following ideas about contacts that existed between Britain and the Roman Empire before the Roman conquest of Britain?A. They were sufficient for native Britons to become familiar with everyday Roman objects.B. They were not sufficient for even very basic aspects of the culture of the Roman Empire to find their way into British life.C. They were not sufficient for British to have heard of the power of the Roman Empire.D. They were sufficient for individual Britons to become very interested in trying to participate in the culture of the Roman Empire.Passage 2In the most extreme instances, natives literally bought the whole package of Roman culture. The Fishbourne villa, built in the third quarter of the first century A.D., probably for the native client king Cogidubnus, amply illustrates his Roman pretensions. It was constructed in the latest Italian style with imported marbles and stylish mosaics. It was lavishly furnished with imported sculptures and other Classical objects. A visitor from Rome would have recognized its owner as a participant in the contemporary culture of the empire, not at all provincial in taste. Even if those from the traditional families looked down on him, they would have been unable to dismiss him as uncultured. Although exceptional, this demonstrates how new cultural symbols bound provincials to the identify of the Roman world.4. The word “lavishly” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. exclusivelyB. additionallyC. appropriatelyD. richly5.According to paragraph 2, the style and furnishings of the Fishbourne villa suggest that the person for whom it was built wasA. cultured according to the contemporary standards of the empireB. caught between native and Roman traditionsC. originally a visitor from RomeD. a member of a socially inferior familyPassage 3Such examples established a standard to be copied. One result was an influx of craft worker, particularly those skilled in artistic media like stone-carving which had not existed before theconquest. Civilian workers came mostly from Gaul and Germany. The magnificent temple built beside the sacred spring at Bath was constructed only about twenty years after the conquest. Its detail shows that it was carved by artists from northeast Gaul. In the absence of a tradition of Classical stone-carving and building, the desire to develop Roman amenities would have been difficult to fulfill. Administrators thus used their personal contacts to put the Britons in touch with architects and masons. As many of the officials in Britain had strong links with Gaul, it is not surprising that early Roman Britain owes much to craft workers from that area. Local workshops did develop and stylistically similar groups of sculpture show how skills in this new medium became widerspread. Likewise skills in the use of mosaic, wall painting, ceramic decoration, and metal-working developed throughout the province with the eventual emergence of characteristically Romano-British styles.6.The word “sacred” in the passage is closet in meaning toA. holyB. ancientC. naturalD. Secret7.According to paragraph 3, one factor contributing to success of the earliest Roman-style construction projects in Britain wasA. the fact that long before the conquest many civilian workers from Gaul and Germany had settled in BritainB. the rapid development of characteristically Romano-British stylesC. the availability, in northeast Gaul, of structures that could serve as standards to be copiedD. the use, by administrators, of personal connections to bring craft workers form Gaul into contact with BritonsPassage 4This art had a major impact on the native peoples, and one of the most importance factors was a change in the scale of buildings. Pre-Roman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region. On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals, but society remained centered on small communities. Architecture of this era reflected this with even the largest of the fortified towns and hill forts containing no more than clusters of medium-sized structures. The spaces inside even the largest roundhouses were modest, and the use of rounded shapes and organic building materials gave buildings a human scale. But the effect of Roman civil architecture was significant. The sheer size of space enclosed within buildings like the basilica of London must have been astonishing. This was an architecture of dominance in which subject peoples were literally made to feel small by buildings that epitomized imperial power. Supremacy was accentuated by the unyielding straight lines of both individual buildings and planned settlements since these too provided a marked contrast with the natural curvilinear shapes dominant in the native realm.8. In paragraph 4, why does the author mention that “Pre-Roman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely trave ling beyond their own region”?A. To suggest that the Roman conquest of Britain increased the standard of living for nativesB. To indicate that pre-Roman Britain was more interested in festivals and community life than conquering other regionsC. To explain why architecture during this period was not built to be particularly largeD. To illustrate how the traditional roundhouse evolved under the influence of Roman civil architecture9.The word “modest” in the passage in closet in meaning toA. comfortableB. limited in numberC. poorly litD. not large10.According to paragraph 4, people in pre-Roman Britain lived, for the most part, inA. architecture that seemed imperial in sizeB. small communitiesC. large roundhousesD. fortified towns11.According to paragraph 4, why did straight lines in buildings and settlements emphasize the dominance of those who introduced them ?A. Because straight lines were in contrast to the shapes found in pre-Roman architectureB. Because unlike curved lines, which are shaped in all sorts of different ways, straight lines do no differC. Because the dominant lines in entire settlements were the same as those in individual buildingsD. Because building and settlements were easier to construct when the dominant lines were straight lines12.According to paragraph 4, buildings from the pre-Roman period differed sharply from buildings reflection Roman civil architecture in each of the following respects EXCEPTA. their outside and inside dimensionsB. the impact they had on peopleC. the geometric shapes in which they were builtD. the positioning of buildings in clusters13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Practical and unimpressive, most were barely taller than the average adult.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.This art had a major impact on the native peoples, and one of the most importance factors was a change in the scale of buildings. Pre-Roman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region. On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals,but society remained centered on small communities. Architecture of this era reflected this with even the largest of the fortified towns and hill forts containing no more than clusters of medium-sized structures. The spaces inside even the largest roundhouses were modest, and the use of rounded shapes and organic building materials gave buildings a human scale. [■] But the effect of Roman civil architecture was significant. The sheer size of space enclosed within buildings like the basilica of London must have been astonishing. [■] This was an architecture of dominance in which subject peoples were literally made to feel small by buildings that epitomized imperial power. [■] Supremacy was accentuated by the unyielding straight lines of both individual buildings and planned settlements since these too provided a marked contrast with the natural curvilinear shapes dominant in the native realm.[■]14.Directions:An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided plete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 3 points.Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it.To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT.The conquest of Britain by the Roman Empire resulted in significant cultural change.Answer ChoicesA. New objects entering Britain ranged from mass-produced articles for everyday use to works of art, and they were widely-and enthusiastically-accepted by native Britons.B. Constructing and furnishing buildings in the Roman style required skills that native workers did not at first have, so workers were brought in from other parts of the empire.C. Native Britons traveled to Gaul to learn Classical stone-carving and building techniques.D. The conquest was followed by a building boom, and enough villas and temples in the Italian style were built that a visitor from Rome would have felt quite at home in post-conquest Britain.E. An important symbol of Roman supremacy was Roman architecture, whose enormous size, emphasized by the use of straight lines, made the natives feel insignificant.F. Characteristically Romano-British concepts took hold in architecture; roundhouses were built much larger than before, and straight lines began to be used in interior spaces.。

UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS1.1 Reading and ThinkingI.阅读理解1If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech “Information Age” demands people who are flexible and who have good communication skills.There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example, a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial success than those who had technical training or pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature (特点) of the kind of high speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in.Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long-term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry-level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most sought-after quality in a person who was looking for a job was communication skills, noted as “very important” by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, often without knowing how important they are. It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions.Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don’t regret their choice of study.1. By saying that “you may have had the last laugh” in the first paragraph, the author means that you may have _______.A. earned as much as computer majorsB. stopped joking about computer majorsC. shared the jokes with computer majorsD. found jobs more easily than computer majors2. Compared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates ______.A. are likely to give others pressureB. are equally good at computer skillsC. are better able to deal with difficultiesD. are ready to change when situations change3. Which of the following is true about the communication skill?A. Social science majors do not know they have had these skills.B. Many companies prefer to employ those with good communication skills.C. These skills have been considered very important by social science majors.D. Computer majors have been offered a wide variety of positions because of these skills.4. According to the text, what has made it easy for social science graduates to find jobs?A. Part-time work experience.B. Skills in expressing themselves.C. Willingness to take low-paid jobs.D. Readiness to gain high-tech knowledge.5. The underlined word “land” in the last paragraph probably means _______.A. successfully getB. lose regretfullyC. immediately startD. keep for some time2Jaye Gardiner loves comic books and she also loves science. Sensing an opportunity, she decided to combine the two.In 2015, she and her two friends, Khoa Tran and Kelly Montgomery, founded an online publishing company called JKX Comics. They decided to use a cartoon format and light humor to explain science to students. Their first comic book came out in 2016.In the book, a virus goes out with friends to a human cell. The colorful visuals help illustrate the science, explains Tran. Through comics, his JKX coworkers hope to inspire the next generation to pursue STEM. STEM is short for science, technology, engineering and math.A lot of research has suggested that comic books can introduce a variety of people to science subjects. Comics can also make information more accessible. Text, pictures and stories can help people understand scientific ideas more easily.Their latest comic is called “ Gilbert’s Glitch Switch. “ It is about a biochemist named Gilbert who gets sucked into a video game. Gilbert uses amino acids to get proteins to communicate with each other. Proteins are an essential part of all living organisms. They form the basis of living cells, muscle and tissues；they also do the work inside of cells.By understanding how proteins communicate, scientists can learn how to modify them to interact better. Certain diseases develop when proteins com municate incorrectly. Alzheimer’s, a disorder that causes brain cells to die，is one example-Translating a complex science topic into a comic can be challenging. The creators have to not only beaccurate but also tell a story that interests readers. The au thors hope to spark readers’ curiosity.There’s a lot of misinformation circulating around the internet. Some of it “scares people away from science, Montgomery says. The goal of the new comics is to limit some of those misunderstandings”.he adds.6. What caused Jaye Gardiner and her friends to create JKX Comics?A. Their love of comics and the difficulty of explaining science to students.B. The opportunity to earn a great deal of money while being creating.C. Their love of comics and the lack of good visual science resources.D. The opportunity to obtain better jobs after graduating from college.7. What is the paragraph 4 mainly about?A. Why science is hard.B. The advantages of comics.C. The purpose of JKX Comics.D. The people who began JKX Comics.8. Why did the author include the information about “Gilbert’s Glitch Switch”A. To describe JKX Comic’s most popular comic to date.B. To illustrate that science can help stop illness and diseases.C. To show how important amino acids and proteins are in biochemistry.D. To provide an example of how comics can convey scientific information.9. What can be the best title for this passage?A. Comics are Designed to Teach Children about ScienceB. Errors in Protein Communication Cause Certain DiseasesC. The Science Topics are being Explored by JKX ComicsD. Jaye Gardiner and Her Friends who Began JKX Comics3We have a real crisis in this country in the basic understanding of science. It affects our global competitiveness as a country, our national security, and the effectiveness of our social system. The misunderstanding about science is blinding our eyes.We know that an awful lot of teachers who are teaching science today have not been properly empowered to do so. School frequently isn’t testing whether you understand something but whether you’re familiar with it. What’s Newton’s second law? You say F=ma, and you get an A. That does not reflect a deep understanding of Newtonian mechanics. Science education is not just a body of facts; it’s a process. To pres ent it with appeal and excitement you need to picture it as a detective story—asking questions, making observations, and collectingevidence. You test and you fail but, you know, failure can lead to discovery.Another challenge we face is that science is o ften viewed as too hard, for experts only. But I don’t actually think it’s that difficult. People see science every day. They look outside and see weather and nature. They push a button in their house and the lights go on. Everybody’s dealing with science every day. They just don’t call it that. And it’s important they do. In fact, science is determining the quality and outcomes of their life.Science needs creativity. And one of the best ways to be creative is to think “out of the box”. However, we need more courage when we come to practice. Take me for example. Very early in my teens I decided to educate myself. I realized I would never be a very good student because I didn’t like teachers judging me by what I thought were arbitrary (主观臆断的) standards. I de cided I’d let the world judge me by whether I could do something of value—solve a problem or build something. That’s why I quit school early and risked everything to start a company. I risked everything I had because I had nothing to lose. I’d rather fail at trying to do something really big than succeed at being medium.“When’s the right age to think creatively?” you may ask. I’d say in the womb (母腹)! Kids don’t have anxieties about trying to avoid failure. They are full of imagination and much more willing to fail. Just watch a 3-year-old. They touch everything, and if it hurts they don’t touch it again. They learn everything at a breathtaking rate. Start to think out of the box as early as you can, because it’s more likely to take you to places that you can’t predict, schedule and budget for. Do all that when you can bear the insecurity.10. According to the passage, science teachers should ________.A. train students’ memory for right factsB. focus more on the learning processC. present interesting detective storiesD. abandon frequent science examinations11. Paragraph 3 indicates that _______.A. science is intended for experts onlyB. it’s important to see weather and natureC. people can determine the quality of lifeD. we should realize science is around us12. The author takes his own example to say ________.A. school education may do little good to studentsB. teachers sometimes judge their students unfairlyC. people need to take an unusual path to be creativeD. failure at a big thing is better than a small success13. What’s the tone of the passage?A. Questioning.B. Encouraging.C. Praising.D. Complaining.II.七选五Learning science involves knowledge and application. During your undergraduate years, applications start in the science laboratory. 14. The following are ways on how to handle and clean science equipment: Glass ware（器皿）. 15. If the glass has impurities, the experiment can fail. In general, there are four ways to clean the equipment:1. Completely cleaning the glass ware using flowing tap water.2. Using the cleaner that is specifically designed for laboratory glass ware.3. Boiling water in the ware to completely remove the solutions.4. Using chemical solvent and water-based soaking solutions.Plastic ware. Since this is more sensitive than glass, mild lab cleaner is enough to clean it. 16. Wash with clean, preferably distilled water. Use heat and chemical solutions for removing difficult grease, oil and other organic matter. However, not all types of plastics can bear heat and chemical application. 17.Stainless steel lab ware. Never use hydrochloric acid on steel products. A soft and clean cloth can be used. There are also stainless steel pads that can be used. 18. Usually these steel products have visible polishing grains or lines that must be followed as directions for cleaning. Filtered water is the recommended liquid for cleaning. Some unfiltered water can contain deposit built up that can protect the equipment.A. Note that each chemical is unique.B. Note that the cleaner doesn’t have strong PH.C. There are instances in which water is used for the last cleaning.D. It is still best that you check cleaning instructions in the packaging.E.However, the manner of cleaning or polishing must be correctly observed.F.This type of equipment is usually used as a holder for chemicals to be tested.G.You use different science equipment to help you produce conclusions on given problems.III.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入的最佳选项。

......BOOK 1 Practice&Sentence&Words (Unit1~Unit2)Unit1 SectionA Using the Right Word1.A good _A_ is the first step to a good job.A. education B. unit C. text D. subject2.College education provides more _C_ for a bright future.A. lessonsB. courses C. opportunities D. subjects3.He had a _B_ to his wife who gave him the money to start his business.A. jobB. debtC. chanceD. career4.A_A_ is helpful in looking for a job, but it doesn’t mean a job.A.certificate B. grade C. record D. debt5.If you think getting a certificate means getting a job, you are _C_ yourself.keepingB. having C. cheating D. doing6.Try to have a real _A_ of the course. Having it on your record doesn’t meanmuch.A. understanding B. understandC. knowingD. know7.To be honest with yourself is to _D_ yourself.A. look at B. do C. refuse D. respect8.People often end their letters with “Yours _A_.”A. truly B. true C. veryD. realUnit1 SectionA Working with Expressions1.That is not true _of_ the people I am talking about.2.The teacher told his students to make the most of the opportunities _at_参考材料......hand. 3.He let the team _down_ by not trying hard enough. 4.Have you made _up_ your mind what courses you are going to take yet? 5.She learned the rules of the game step _by_ step. 6.Have you decided _on/upon_ where to go? 7.Will the fine weather keep _up_? 8._To_ some extent you’ve done a good job.Unit1 SectionA TranslationA. Translate the following into English. 1. 你昨晚在晚会上玩得开心吗？ (have a great time) Did you have a great time at the party last night? 2. 这个学期她选修了英语、计算机和驾驶三门课程。

原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 备战2021年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练 热点49 树立自信与学习的自主 一、阅读理解 1 Whether you have ten minutes or an hour to practice each day, you’ll find a wide variety of learning materials to help you make progress and improve your language skills. All the material on the LearnEnglish website is designed for self-study to support your learning. Take our online level test: Start by taking our free English grammar and vocabulary test to help you find your level. All the material is labelled(标记) with the level, to make it easier to find material to suit your needs. Explore our Skill Sections: In our Skills sections you can find self-study lessons to practice your listening, reading and reading and writing skills. There are different types of texts and audio(音频) recording, all with interactive exercises and worksheets that practice the skills you need. Choose your level and then choose a lesson! Practice grammar: In this section you can improve your grammar with our clear and simple grammar lessons. The lessons start with an exercise to test your understanding, then an explanation to improve your grammar knowledge and finally another exercise to test your understanding again to see if you have improved. Choose your level and then choose a grammar point! Read our Magazine sections: Are you looking for something quick to read? Our Magazine and Business magazine sections have short interesting articles for you to read about special days and business topics. Challenge a friend or a colleague: If you want to play a quick online game and practice your English vocabulary at the same time, have a go at Wordshake. See how many points you can get in three minutes! You can challenge a colleague to play too and compare your points to see whose English vocabulary is improving the most. 1. If you want to find learning materials that suit you, you can start by________. A. taking an online level test B. finding self-study lessons C. playing a quick online game D. practicing your English grammar 2. If you want to learn about business topics, you can click________. A. Explore our Skill Sections B. Read our Magazine sections C. Practice grammar D. Challenge a friend or a colleague 3. What can we learn about Learning English？ A. Similar types of texts are provided for learners. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2

1.攀登英语阅读系列有趣的字母（全26册）
2.攀登英语阅读系列神奇字母组合（全26册）
3.攀登英语阅读系列分级阅读第一册（全10册）
4.攀登英语阅读系列分级阅读第二册（全10册）
5.攀登英语阅读系列分级阅读第三册（全10册）
6.攀登英语阅读系列分级阅读第四册（全10册）
7.攀登英语阅读系列分级阅读第五册（全10册）
8.攀登英语阅读系列分级阅读第六册（全10册）
1.培生儿童英语分级阅读第一级
2.泡泡剑桥儿童英语故事阅读
3.神奇校车图画书版
4.机灵狗故事乐园
5.我的第一套自然拼读故事书
11。

Unit 1单元综合能力测试卷时间：100分钟满分：120分选择题部分第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AOne morning，more than a hundred years ago，an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep.He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem：It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.Though he was tired，Howe slept badly.He turned and turned.Then he had a dream.He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine.When he tried to do so，Howe ran into the same problem as before.The thread kept getting caught around the needle.The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe.They came up towards him with their spears raised.But suddenly the inventor noticed something.There was a hole in the tip of each spear.The inventor awoke from the dream，realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem.Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle，he should make it run through a small hole in the centre of the needle.This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way.Thomas Edison，the inventor of the electric light，said his best ideas came into him in dreams.So did the great physicist Albert Einstein.Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams，you have to understand what happens when you are asleep.Even then，a part of your mind is still working.This unconscious(无意识的)，but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day.It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed.It is only when you fall asleep that thispart of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake.However，the unconscious part acts in a special way.It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first.This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves”．1．The problem Howe was trying to solve was ．A．what kind of thread to useB．how to design a needle which would not breakC．where to put the needleD．how to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needle2．Thomas Edison is spoken of because ．A．he also tried to invent a sewing machineB．he got some of his ideas from dreamsC．he was one of Howe's best friendsD．he also had difficulty in falling asleep3．Dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves” because ．A．strange images are used to communicate ideasB．images which have no meaning are usedC．we can never understand the real meaningD．only specially trained people can understand themBHere are a few things to watch out for when you move somewhere new or are returning home after a long time away.Be careful on the road!The first thing that I did when I got out of the airport was to cross the road，but I looked the wrong way！In the UK the cars drive on the left-hand side of the road whereas in Spain they drive on the right.I almost got run over because I was still thinking I was in Spain.You have to be very careful.There's another strange one from travelling on the road.In Mallorca，most of the time，pedestrians(行人) can cross the road by walking on the road without stopping and the car will stop for them.In the UK，however，you have to be careful to wait forthe cars to stop or else you might end up in the hospital very quickly!Drink water.In Spain，most people buy large bottles of water to drink.In the UK the filtering(过滤) of the water means that you can drink straight from the tap.On my first night back I forgot that I could drink water from the taps and spent the night wishing I had a bottle of water.When I woke up，I realized how silly I had been.Time is different.In Spain there is a small break during the day to have a nap for the rest of the day.You also might only think about going out for a drink with friends in Spain at 11 p．m. In the UK that is already past the bedtime!4．What can we conclude from the text?A．The author is used to living in Spain.B．The author hopes to return to Mallorca soon.C．The author doesn't like the life in the UK at all.D．The author can't look after himself well.5．Why was the author almost run over in the UK?A．He was crossing an unfamiliar road.B．He was thinking in the middle of the road.C．He was looking the wrong way on the road.D．He was running on the right-hand side of the road.6．Compared with the traffic in the UK，traffic in Mallorca for pedestrians is more ．A．dangerous B．importantC．crowded D．secure7．On the first night back home，the author ．A．drank some water from the tapB．had a big meal in a restaurantC．bought a bottle of waterD．didn't drink water at allCFlorence Nightingale was born in a rich family.When she was young，she tooklessons in music and drawing，and read great books.She also travelled a great deal with her mother and father.As a child，she felt that visiting sick people was both a duty and a pleasure.She enjoyed helping them.At last，her mind was made up.“I'm going to be a nurse，” she decided.“Nursing isn't the ri ght work for a lady，” her father told her.“Then I will make it so，” she smiled.And she went to learn nursing in Germany and France.When she returned to England，Florence started a nursing home for women.During the Crimean War in 1854，she went with a group of thirty-eight nurses to the front hospital.What they saw there was terrible.Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen and smelled.The officer there did not want any woman to tell him how to run a hospital，either.But the brave nurses went to work.Florence used her own money and some from friends to buy clothes，beds，medicines and food for the men.Her only pay was the smiles from the lips of dying soldiers.But they were more than enough for this kind woman.After war，she returned to England and was honoured for her service by Queen Victoria.But Florence said that her work had just begun.She raised money to build the Nightingale Home for Nurses in London.She also wrote a book on public health，which was printed in several countries.Florence Nightingale passed away at the age of ninety，still trying to serve others through her work as a nurse.Indeed，it is because of her that we honour nurses today.8．During the Crimean War in 1854，Florence served in the front hospital where ．A．she earned a lot of moneyB．work was very difficultC．few soldiers died because of her workD．she didn't have enough food and clothes9．Why was Florence honoured by Queen Victoria?A．Because she built the Nightingale Home for Nurses.B．Because of her old age.C．Because she worked as a nurse all her life.D．Because she did a great deal of work during the Crimean War.10．The passage can be best described as ．A．the life story of a famous womanB．a description of the nursing workC．an example of successful educationD．the history of nursing in England11．When she was a child，Florence ．A．wrote a book on public healthB．knew what her duty in life wasC．loved to help the sick peopleD．was most interested in music and drawingDJohn von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker，and his speed of learning new ideas and of solving problems stood out early.At 17，his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he may lead a poor life being a mathematician，and so von Neumann agreed to study chemistry as well.In 1926，at 23，he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D.in mathematics.From then on，mathematics provided well enough for him，and he never had to turn to chemistry.In 1930，von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there.His first book was published in 1932.In 1933，the Institute for Advanced Study was formed，and he became one of the 6 full-time people(Einstein was one of the others)in the School of Mathematics.World War Ⅱhugely changed von Neumann's areas of interest.Until 1940 he had been a great pure(纯粹的)mathematician.During and after the war，he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematics theories into practice.During the last part of the war he became interested in computing machines and made several fundamental contributions.After the war，von Neumann continued his work with computers，and was generally very active in government service.He received many awards，was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member ofthe Atomic Energy Commission.He died in 1957 of cancer.V on Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place history.He will be remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century.V on Neumann really was a legend(传奇)in his own time，and there are a number of stories about him.His driving ability is a part of this legend.He reported one accident this way，“I was driving down the road.The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour.Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.”12．V on Neumann published his first book at the age of ．A．23B．26C．29D．3213．How did World War Ⅱ affect John von Neumann?A．He realized the importance of engineering.B．He began to research how to put mathematics into practice.C．He left college and served at the government department.D．He lost interest in chemistry.14．Which of the following is TRUE of von Neumann?A．He had three children.B．He died from an accident.C．He received many awards in his life.D．He and Einstein were classmates in Princeton University.15．According to the text，von Neumann's father believed that ．A．a mathematician couldn't earn a lot of moneyB．a mathematician needed a good memoryC．von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same timeD．von Neumann had a gift for solving problems at a high speed第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

体验英语阅读1文本My tower(please turn to page 2)My tower is going upMy tower is going up and up.No!No!Down comes my tower. Here is my big red block..Here is my big blue block.My tower is going up.My tower is going up and up and up. My little red block goes here.My little blue block goes here. Look at my big tower. My book (please turn to page 2)I am looking for my book.My book is not here.Look! Here is my elephant.I am looking for my book.My book is not up here.Look! Here is my monkey.I am looking for my book.Ohh! My book is not down here. Look! Here is my tigher.Look! Here is my book.Look at me .I can read my book.Little chimp and big chimp(please turn to page 3)Little chimp is going up in the trees.Little chimp is going up and down.Big chimp is asleep in the sun.Little chimp is going up and down.,up and down.Little chimp is going up to the big tree.Oh! No! Down come the little chimp.Big chimp wakes up.Big chimp is looking for little chimp.Little chimp is up in the big tree. Sam’s race(please turn to page 3)“Look at sam!” Said mum.Sam is in the race.Sam looked at mum.Mum looked at Sam.“M um,mum,here I come.”shouted Sam. Sam ran and ran.“C ome on ,Sam,”shouted mum,“come on.”“Oh! No!” said mum, “look at Sam.”“C ome on ,Sam,” said mum,“come on.”Sam ran to mum ,“Here I come.”said Sam“Good girl ,Sam” said mumJack’s birthday(please turn to page 2)“A car for me ,”said Jack“A red car. Thank you,mum and dad.”“look,” said Jack.“My car can go up and down. Here is a garage for my red car.”said Jack.“My car can go in the garage.”“Mum ,dad,”said Jack. “look,my car is in the garage.”Jack said .“My car is not in the garage .”Dad said “I can see the red car .look ,here is the Billy and here is the car.”“Jack’s red car in the garage.”said Billy. Bed time(please turn to page 2)“C ome to bed ,Jack.”said mum.“Look at my red car,mum.”said Jack.“My car can go up and down.”said Jack. “Come on.”said mum.“Come to bed.”“Look at me,mum.”said Billy,“I am in bed.”“Mum,mum,come here.” said Billy.“Here is my book.”Mum and Billy are looking at the book.Jack is looking at mum and Billy.Look at Jack.Jack is going to bed.Jack and mum and Billy are looking at the book.Let’s pretend (please turn to page 3) Look at Emma , Emma is a bear.Emma is happy. Look at Matthew. Matthew is a rabbit. Matthew is not happy.“Grr-grr,I am a bear.”said Emma.“I am a big bear.Grr-grr.”“Mum” said Matthew.“Look at my book,look at the tiger.”“Here is the tiger’s nose.”said mum.“Here is the tiger’s mouse.”“And here is a tail for Matthew the tiger.”said mum.“grr-grr,I am a tiger.I am a big tiger.Grr-grr.”Look at Matthew and Emma. Red puppy(please turn to page 3)The teddy bears are in the basket.The rabbits are in the basket.The dolls are in the basket.Red puppy is in the basket,too.“look! The teddy bears are not in the basket.”“look! The rabbits are not in the basket.”“look! The dolls are not in the basket.”Red puppy is in the basket.Red puppy is not happy.Here come a little girl.The little girl is looking at the red puppy.The little girl is happy.Red puppy is happy, too.Mother bird(please turn to page 3)Mother bird is looking for a worm.Up in the tree,the baby birds are hungry. Mother bird looks and looks for a worm.Here comes a worm.Mother bird sees the worm.Here comes a cat.The cat sees mother bird.Mother bird sees the cat.Up goes mother bird.Up ,up ,up ,goes mother bird.Mother bird goes up to the baby birds in the tree. The worm is for the baby birds. The lucky dip(please turn to page 3) “Come here ,dad.”shouted Matthew. “look! Here is a lucky dip.”“ A lucky dip!”said Emma.“Oh!no!”said Matthew “Here is a comb. “Oh!no!”said Emma.“Look at the tooth brush.”Mu m said “Here is a little blue car.”Dad said “look at my teddy bear.”“Here you are,mum.”said Matthew. “Here is the comb.”“Thank you , Matthew.”said mum.“The car is for you .”“Here you are ,dad.”said Emma.“The tooth brush is for you.And the teddy bear is for me.”。

READINGREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1–13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.THE CARE ECONOMY– international migration of women from developing countriesA Every day, women from underdeveloped countries like India, Mexico and the Philippines pack their bags and leave their homes, families and communities in order to take up new positions as care workers in wealthier parts of the world. Whether these women find work in nurseries, day-care centres, homes or hospitals, looking after children, the elderly, the ill or disabled, they all have one thing in common – they are part of what many researchers now call the “care economy”.B The care economy is not a new phenomenon but it has burgeoned on a global scale in the last twenty years. Between 1990 and 2000, the number of international migrants increased by 14 percent with a growing proportion of these women now travelling independently for their own employment and not as dependants of their husbands. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) has called this growth in women's trans-national labour migration “one of the most striking economic and social phenomena of recent times”.C This development can be seen as a result of two factors. The first is a multitude of demographic changes in wealthier countries since World War II. Middle-class women have entered the labour force en masse and workers have been logging more and more hours at the office every week. In addition, people in these countries are now livinglonger and reproducing at a slower rate, meaning populations across the developed world are steadily aging. All of these changes have resulted in a larger demand for care services at a time when the working population is too besieged with other commitments to provide this care on a voluntary basis.D In developing countries, the story is very different. Many societies have youthful populations in the prime of their working lives, but suffer from low wages and high unemployment, and women are often the last in line to get work. Even when good jobs are available, they often cannot compete with the salaries offered in developed countries. Afully trained and qualified nurse may earn less working at a hospital in the Philippines, for example, than she would as a domestic carer for a family in Los Angeles.E It is easy to see why the care economy has developed at such a pace – it provides job opportunities for large numbers of unemployed women in developing countries, and affordable care for stressed, busy families in the developed world. But does everybody benefit from the globalisation of care?F For women in developed countries, more are now free to pursue higher education and better careers, having found that passing care responsibilities on to a third party allows them to dedicate as much of their time and energy to their careers as men do, and in many cases break through the “glass ceiling” that held them back in the workplace.G For the migrant workers and their families, there are also many benefits. Care workers can enjoy new levels of independence and earn better incomes than they could at home. Money sent home from abroad can account for 10-20 percent of some poorer countries' GDPs, and many studies demonstrate how migrant workers' payments have alleviated poverty. In Morocco, for example, it is estimated that 1.2 million people have been lifted out of poverty because of these payments, and much of this money is coming from the care economy.H But there are many downsides to this process. Migrant domestic workers can experience guilt, isolation, and anxiety, and the long periods away from home can hurt the emotional welfare of their families. In the Philippines, one study found that children left behind when their mothers emigrate tend to have more behavioural problems,and perform lower in class ranks and grades than their peers. Emigration can also drain developing countries' workforces of skilled labour and encourage young people to focus less on education and their local livelihoods in the hopes of finding better jobs abroad.I The gain in care that developed countries experience often comes at a price that is not immediately visible when we look only at the affluent suburbs of cities like Hong Kong, London or New York where these women are employed. This price is the loss of social support that families and communities in the developing countries experience when women migrate in order to provide more support financially.Questions 1–5Reading Passage 1 has nine paragraphs, A–I.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A–I, in boxes 1–5 on your answer sheet.1evidence of how migrant care workers can improve living standards in their home countries2an explanation of how living standards in developing countries encourage women to emigrate3negative effects of migration on the lives of care workers and their families 4an explanation of how social changes in developed countries have created a need for immigrant care labour5examples of wealthy environments where migrant women find workQuestions 6–11Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 6–11 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this6Many migratory women are being employed as carers in other countries.7The majority of international labour migrants are women.8In developed countries, people are having more children.9There are often not enough jobs for women in underdeveloped countries.10Only women without qualifications benefit from emigration.11Hiring domestic carers has improved employment opportunities for many women in developed countries.Questions 12–13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 12–13 on your answer sheet.12In Morocco, payments from migrant workers haveA raised the living standards of 1.2 million poor people.B lowered the living standards of 1.2 million poor people.C raised the living standards of 1.2 million wealthy people.D lowered the living standards of 1.2 million wealthy people.13The children of women working abroad are more likely toA feel lonely and worried.B do badly at school.C be hurt by their families.D want to work locally.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.BLOGGINGA phenomenon of the 21st centuryA When, sometime in April 1999, computer programmer Peter Merholz posted a small note on his homepage: “I've decided to pronounce the word weblog as wee’blog. Or blog for short”, he had little idea about the phenomenon that was being set in motion. “I didn't think much of it”, he wrote in his own blog in 2002, “I was just being silly, shifting the syllabic break one letter to the left ... I enjoyed its crudeness, its dissonance.”B Merholz did not actually invent the “blog”, only the epithet for this style of internet journaling that has quickly spread across the web-connected world. It is believed that the original web blog – still maintained to this day – was started by American university student, Justin Hall, in 1994. From there, blogging got off to a slow start; in early 1999, blogs still numbered only in their dozens – but later that year free blog-creation services such as Blogger and Edit This Page were introduced, and within a couple years the number of blogs had hit the tens of millions.C A blog is little more than a webpage featuring chronological entries by one or more people, and usually linking to other sources of information or commentary in the process. Brigitte Eaton, who compiled a popular blog portal before they went mainstream, evaluated submissions by one simple criterion: “that the site consist of dated entries”.D This simple medium has opened itself up to many diverse possibilities in practice, limited only by the human imagination. Firstly, many blogs are diaries in the personal sense – chronicles of feelings, events and changes in the author's life. These are often intended to be seen only by a close circle of friends, but sometimes personal bloggers build larger support networks by connecting with other bloggers in comparable situations. Bloggers who discuss the challenges of raising a disabled child, for example, may link to and visit each other’s pages for ideas, friendship and encouragement on a daily basis.E Beyond that, there are blogs on almost every conceivable subject. Some of them canvas the usual dinner-table conversation fodder – politics, sports, celebrities, businessand travel, for example. Several of these blogs pull readership numbers in the millions every month, and some of their authors have become household names. Meanwhile, other blogs target those with very niche interests. Blogs on suit tailoring, etymology, knitting, home-schooling and silent Hollywood movies have found smaller but no less devoted audiences in the internet “blogosphere”.F Writing a blog that captivates public interest is no easy task, however. It requires time, dedication, a unique perspective and imagination, and a knack for snappy, friendly prose that makes the reader feel engaged in a dialogue with the author. For every blog that succeeds at this, thousands do not. Derek Gordon, the vice president of Technorati, a search engine that has over 109 million blogs in its listings, found over 99 percent of blogs have only one reader – the blogger him- or herself. “The vast majority of blogs exist in a state of total or near total obscurity”, he notes.G For those who do make it, the opportunity exists to exert a real influence on public opinion, and sometimes even shape the agendas of mainstream news organisations. Under the pseudonym, Salam Pax, a 29-year-old architectural student published reports on life in Baghdad during the Iraq War and, in doing so, became one of the few sources of information to the West that was not filtered through a journalistic lens. In American politics, a scandal that cost Senator Trent Lott his career unfurled when bloggers latched onto and publicised minor news items about comments the senator had made during a recent speech. When the story re-entered the national media as a result of this attention, it was on the front page of major newspapers and the headlines of television news networks.H Considering its simple basis, what is it about blogging that has turned it into a global phenomenon? The vital aspect that sets it apart from other media such as newspapers, radio, and television is its interactivity. Almost always, readers can debate with the blogger and other readers in a “comment” section under each entry, and the subject can be discussed freely for the most part. Even when bloggers do choose to censor offensive material and “trolls” (commenters who make controversial remarks intentionally designed to ignite long, fiery disputes), this is usually much less interfering than the type of editorial selectivity that goes into choosing letters to the editor in a newspaper, or screening calls on talk-back radio. Blogging turns its audience into participants, and they are no longer merely receiving a news medium, but playing an important role in creating and directing it.Questions 14–18Reading Passage 2 has eight paragraphs, A–H.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A–H, in boxes 14–18 on your answer sheet.14 a reference to people using blogs to share similar concerns15 a definition of a blog16 a summary of how the popularity of blogging grew17examples of bloggers’ broader effects in society18examples of less common blogging topicsQuestions 19–24Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 19–23 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this19The term ‘blog’ was invented in 2002.20Peter Merholz created the first blog.21The distinguishing feature of a blog is its time-ordered postings22Bloggers often meet in person.23Some people have become very well-known as a result of their blogs.24Salam Pax was a journalist in IraqQuestions 25–26Answer the questions below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.25What makes blogs different from traditional media?26What do you call people who deliberately try to start arguments online?READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.UNIVERSITY SCHOLARSHIPSWho should get them?Research findings continually demonstrate the benefits that accrue to university graduates compared to their compatriots who venture into the working world with only a high school qualification to their name. According to US Census Bureau statistics in 2003, workers with Bachelor's degrees earned nearly $23,300 a year more than high school graduates, making tertiary education a solid financial investment.And yet it can also be expensive, with costs for a four-year degree programme reaching up to $100,000 depending on the school. In the US alone, over $168 billion in financial aid is made available to students to help them offset these costs. But how exactly these scholarships should be allocated is a major topic of debate. Should they be based on academic merit? Should they be race-based? Or class-based, that is, dependent on socioeconomic status?Race-based affirmative action works on one simple principle – to treat unequals as equals is to perpetuate inequality. Scott Plous, author of Ten Myths about Affirmative Action, does not believe this programme is a form of fighting discrimination with more of the same (often called ‘reverse discrimination’). Discrimination, he argues, is based on kneejerk, unfounded prejudices and hatreds, while affirmative action is a response to social disparity that can be measured and observed through the use of peer-respected research methods. Affirmative action is, therefore, not an end, but the means to an end, a regrettable but necessary step towards smoothing out historical injustices in some societies.Julian Bond, professor of history at the University of Virginia, points to the recent news “that black graduates of prestigious colleges and universities feel they must ‘whiten’ their résumés to hide their blackness” as a sign of how affirmative action has not gone far enough. “Bring on socioeconomic status”, he argues. “[But] while you're at it, bring back race-based policies – you cannot get beyond race without going to race”.Some researchers feel that financial need is a fairer mechanism for distributing scholarship funding and insist that racial inequalities in education stem mostly from the fact that many ethnic minorities are disproportionately represented among the poor.Unfortunately, they argue, the benefits of race-based funding accrue to the wealthier members of these ethnic minorities at the expense of poor people from all races. Walter Benn Michaels, a professor of English at the University of Illinois notes that most successes from race-based affirmative action amount to little more than “fine tuning … enrolling more black students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds.”Some people believe that ethnic minorities will receive the benefits of socioeconomic-based affirmative action anyway, without having to endure the social and political tensions that race-based policies can open up. However, other findings dispel the notion. In a review of affirmative action research, Mark C. Long found that alternative strategies pursued in U.S. states where race-based programmes were banned have been “ineffective in restoring minority enrolment in these states' flagship institutions”. His research also found that race-based affirmative action helped improve graduation rates and wages for racial minorities and that those beneficiaries became more involved in community services than their peers, producing an array of other social benefits.Statistics, however, tend to corroborate the notion that it is the lower class, not ethnic groups, that are losing out from current policies. A 2004 study found that at the most selective 146 educational institutions in the USA, 74 percent of students come from the richest socioeconomic quarter of the population, and just 3 percent from the bottom quarter, a roughly 25:1 ratio.Roger Clegg, president and general counsel of the Center for Equal Opportunity argues that “I would much prefer that preferences be based on socioeconomic status rather than race. The educational benefits that supposedly flow from a diverse student body are rooted in differences in perspectives and experiences—not in skin colour per se. Weighing socioeconomic status would provide such diversity to a similar degree as race, and without the ugliness, divisiveness, and myriad other costs of racial discrimination.”Finally, there are those who argue that using both race and class as selection criteria results in messy, unfair and discriminatory funding practices and that the only way to fairly allocate scholarships is by one criterion: academic merit. According to George Leef, director of research at the John William Pope Center for Higher Education Policy, socioeconomic affirmative action is not the way forward from race-based selection. “Class-based affirmative action merely shuffles a small number of students from poorer families up into more-prestigious colleges, where they receive an education that isn't necessarily any better than they'd have received elsewhere. It also shuffles an equal number of studentsdown into ‘fall back’ schools just because those students aren't poor. This game of musical chairs accomplishes nothing.” The only fair way to manage this situation, he concludes, is to have the best schools enrolling the best students.Though this argument is sound in theory, however, it is problematic in that it treats applicants as equals when they are not. Poor students often do not have university-educated parents to encourage them and help them with schoolwork from a young age, and they do not have the same access to expensive private tutoring that children from wealthier families do. Most importantly, their parents often cannot afford to pay for college tuition and living costs, meaning these students take on outside paid work and consequently drop out at a much higher rate than their peers. With the odds stacked against them, financial need-based scholarship funding can help reduce these inequalities. Merit-based funding often perpetuates them.Look at the following names (Questions 27–32) and the list of viewpoints below. Match each name with the correct viewpoint.Write the correct letter, A–D, in boxes 27–32 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.27George Leef28Julian Bond29Mark C. Long30Roger Clegg31Scott Plous32Walter Benn MichaelsofViewpointsListA scholarships should be race-basedB scholarships should be class-basedC scholarships should be race-based and class-basedD scholarships should be merit-basedComplete the summary using the list of words, A–L, below.Write the correct letter, A–L, in boxes 33–39 on your answer sheet.Studies show that university graduates earn more than high school graduates. Although there is statistical evidence to justify the expense, 33 …………………. can be extremely costly. Financial assistance is offered in the form of scholarships to help some students pay their34 …………………... . However, the basis on which these scholarships are awarded is the subject of 35 …………..……….. . One point of view is that high academic achievers should receive them. Another view is that the 36 …………….…….. should be given to candidates from certain 37 …………………... , while others say that these scholarships should go to the poor people in society. Affirmative action on the basis of ethnicity is an attempt to redress38 ………..……….. and to rectify past wrongs. Even though it may seem to be an unequal or unfair way of doing it, it should not be regarded as a form of discrimination. Affirmative action is seen as an appropriate way to help the 39 ……….………….. in society because the results are measurable and can be documented using valued methods.A academic meritB affirmative actionC disadvantaged peopleD ethnic groupsE financial investmentF grantsG much discussion H social inequality I socioeconomic argumentJ tertiary education K tuition fees L working peopleQuestion 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answer in box 40 on your answer sheet.Which of the following statements best summarises the writer’s general conclusion?A Scholarship allocation based on merit can help resolve social inequalities.B Poor students do not need financial aid to do well at university.C Merit-based funding wrongly assumes applicants have a similar background.D Socioeconomic-based programmes are unfair but better for society.。

英语四级阅读试题（第一套完整版）__年_月英语四级真题及答案专题_年_月英语四级阅读试题（第一套完整版）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “male” and “female” brains, believing that e_plains just about every difference between the se_es. A new study 26 that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers 27 for se_ differences the entire human brain.And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for 28 brains as “male” or “female,” res earch shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based 29 , many different types of brain can’t alwaysbe distinguished by gender.While the “average” male and “average” female brains were 30 different, you couldn’t tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small 31 of people had “all-male” or “al l-female” characteristics.Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist (神经科学家),said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning 32 beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same, 33 of gender.“There’s a mountain of evidence 34 the importance of se_ influences at all levels of brain function,” he told The Seattle Times.If anything, he said, the study 35 that gender plays a very important role in the brain “even when we are not clear e_actly how.”A) abnormal I) regardlessB) applied J) searchedC) briefly K) similaritiesD) categorizing L) slightlyE) challenges M) suggestsF) figure N) tastesG) percentage O) traditionalH) provingSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?[A]Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful e_amination. So it isn’t surprising that you’ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.[B]The most likely type of burglary (入室盗窃) by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in _.The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn’t even track those statistics.[C]One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar (入室盗贼) might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they’ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what’s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?[D]Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they’re not unique to security systems. Any device that’s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let’s say you wanted to “jam” a conversationbetween two people—all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear.[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need so know what system they’re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that’d point them in the right direction, though at that point, we’re talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.[F] Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editor’s Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that’s capable of separating incidental RF interference from targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks it’s being jammed, it’ll notify you via push alert(推送警报).From there, it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.[G] SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it’s possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system’s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not in detected them.[H]We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn’t be able to Google how the system works, then figure outa way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t any umented cases of successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the _80s.[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it’s possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?[J] Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he’s going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you’re away. So the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He’ll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does now have access to.[K]At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home,one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper e_terior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically e_ploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-e_traordinary attack.36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill.37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation.38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outside the house.39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targeted jamming attacks.40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is detected.43. Different measures should be taken to protect one’s home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system.44. SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellphone.45. Burglars can easily get a security device’s frequency by Internet search.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it e_tremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 1_-dollar bills to our tors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an e_ceptionaljob compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received. So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A) He runs a pub that serves e_cellent beer.B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A) It sets a bad e_ample for other industries.B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A) Service quality has little effect on tip size.B) It is in human mature to try to save on tips.C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.50. What does the author argue for in the passage?A) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D) Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some e_perts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, But doesn’t the e_tra money in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies(补贴) for their consumers.”But not all oil producers have big reserves, In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations can’t afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fallin oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy. Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising ta_es, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A) The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D) The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.52. Why do some e_perts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.53. What happens in many oil-e_porting countries when oil prices go down?A) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D) Its effects on the global economy go against e_isting economic laws.55. Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B) The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C) Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.46. [B] He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.47. [C] It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.48. [D] They can have some say in how much their servers earn.。