口译技能训练之逻辑强化

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找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇,如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有: to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole 等 ; 表 示 顺 序 的 词 汇 有 : first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile等;表示对比的词汇有: likewise, as well as, in common with, both, similarly,compared to等; 表 示 对 照 的 有 : on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differently等;表示因果的则有:so, since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to等等。
Millions of women are ....... or they are ................. We will adopt a declaration to....................
There is no doubt that ................. If we really want to achieve....... we must....
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Theory and skills:
横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构 都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式 ,如:概括(generalization)、分类 (classification)、因果(cause-effect)、对比对照(compare & contrast ) 、 按 照 时 间 、 空 间 、 步 骤 、 重 要 性 的 顺 序 排 列 ( sequencing ) 、 列 举 ( simple listing ) 、 提 出 问 题 - 解 决 问 题 (problem-solution)等。
First of all , you must want to listen. Second, you must learn how to remain alert, sit in a comfortable upright position, rather than sprawling. Third, put yourself in the place of the speaker and follow his or her chain of thoughts.
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Theory and skills:
口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横 向的分析。
纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息,即找 出逻辑的层次;
横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系, 如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。
逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的 内容,对信息的点(具体的信息内容)、线 (各点之间的联系)和面(即整体概念)进行 全面的把握,以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分 析加工,便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。
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Theory and skills:
逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。 纵向分析的训练方法和之前介绍的概述练习有些类似,但
侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练,即在听 完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容,这是 逻辑的最上层;围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面 的内容,这是第二层关系;而每个方面又具体谈了些什么, 这是逻辑的下一个层次。就这样将信息一层一层地剖析下 去,形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图,然后按照逻辑线路对原 语讲话进行复述,复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。
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Secretary of State Hillary百度文库Rodham Clinton on Supporting Women's Entrepreneurship
Step1: Logic
The big challenge..... is how to........ To achieve....... we need to..........And that .......... is women.
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Location
Task A: Introduction to UK
(Comprehension & Reconstruction)
Composition
Geography
Climate
Society & Culture
• names of places • relation to UK
• general description • figures of annual rainfall
Logic Analysis
A
1
Listening in Interpretation
The message , which the interpreter receives from the discourse, is the spoken language. So the first step towards comprehension is listening.
•names of places
• logical links with each other
• Figures of total areas
• percentage of distribution
• usage of lands
•Population / Density
•Languages
• religions
Both consecutive and simultaneous interpretation require not ordinary listening but concentrated listening, or active listening, which means you avoid all the distractions, concentrating on the job at hands.