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Jeannette M. Wing
Two A’s to C.T. Combined
• Computing is the automation of our abstractions
– They give us the audacity and ability to scale. • Computational thinking – choosing the right abstractions, etc. – choosing the right “computer” for the task
Credit: Wikipedia
- Calculating higher order terms implies
Jeannette M. Wing
Credit: Boeing
CT for Society
Economics
- Automated mechanism design underlies electronic commerce, e.g., ad placement, on-line auctions, kidney exchange - Internet marketplace requires revisiting Nash equilibria model
• Abstractions are our “mental” tools • The abstraction process includes
– Choosing the right abstractions – Operating simultaneously at multiple layers of abstraction – Defining the relationships the between layers
- Stanford CL approaches include AI, temporal logic,
CT for Society
Entertainment
- Games - Movies Credit: Dreamworks SKG - Dreamworks uses HP data center to renderShrek and Madagascar - Lucas Films uses 2000-node data center to produce Pirates of the Caribbean.
Credit: University of Minnesota Credit: NASA
Geology
- Modeling the earth’s surface to the sun, from the inner core to the surface - Abstraction boundaries and hierarchies of complexity model the earth and our atmosphere
Social Sciences
- Social networks explain phenomena such as MySpace, YouTube - Statistical machine learning is used for recommendation and reputation services, e.g., Netflix, affinity card
Credit: LiveScience
CT in Other Sciences, Math, and Engineering
Chemistry [Madden, Fellow of Royal Society of Edinburgh]
- Atomistic calculations are used to explore chemical phenomena - Optimization and searching algorithms identify best chemicals for improving reaction conditions to improve yields
CT for Everyone 10 Jeannette M. Wing
CT in Other Sciences, Math, and Engineering
Astronomy
- Sloan Digital Sky Server brings a telescope to every child - KD-trees help astronomers analyze very large multi-dimensional datasets
CT for Everyone
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Jeannette M. Wing
Research Implications
CT for Everyone
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Jeannette M. Wing
CT in Other Sciences, Math, and Engineering
Biology
- Shotgun algorithm expedites sequencing of human genome - DNA sequences are strings in a language - Protein structures can be modeled as knots Credit: Wikipedia - Protein kinetics can be modeled as computational processes - Cells as a self-regulatory system are like electronic circuits
CT for Everyone 11
Credit: Wikipedia
- Discovering E8 Lie Group: 18 mathematicians, 4 years and 77 hours of supercomputer time (200 billion numbers). Profound implications for physics (string theory) - Four-color theorem proof
Computational Thinking for Everyone
Jeannette M. Wing
President’s Professor of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University and Assistant Director Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate National Science Foundation
CT for Everyone
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Jeannette M. Wing
My Grand Vision for the Field
• Computational thinking will be a fundamental skill used by everyone in the world by the middle of the 21st Century.
Humanities
Credit: University of Utah
- What do you do with a million books?
Nat’l Endowment for the Humanities Inst of Museum and Library Services
Law
state machines, process algebras, petri nets - POIROT Project on fraud investigation is creating a detailed ontology of European law CT for Everyone 13 scene investigation Jeannette M. Wing - Sherlock Project on crime
Brain Science
- Modeling the brain as a computer - Vision as a feedback loop - Analyzing fMRI data with machine learning
9 Jeannette M. Wing
CT for Everyone
– Mechanization is possible due to precise and exacting notations and models – There is some “computer” below (human or machine, virtual or physical)
CT for Everyone
Credit: SDSS
Mathematics
Engineering (electrical, civil, mechanical, aero & astro,…)
more precision, which implies reducing weight, waste, costs in fabrication - Boeing 777 tested via computer simulation alone, not in a wind tunnel
CT for Everyone
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Jeannette M. Wing
The Second A to Computational Thinking
• The power of our “mental” tools is amplified by our “metal” tools. • Automation is mechanizing our abstractions, abstraction layers, and their relationships
