非谓语动词练习1. 动名词和不定式做主语及非谓语动词做表语

非谓语动词不定式的句法功能:动词不定式除了不能单独作谓语外，几乎能充当句子中所有的句子成分。

1.不定式做主语：(1) To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.动词不定式(短语)作主语时，常用it代替它作形式主语：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.(2)不定式和动名词做主语的区别:动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，在意义上是比较抽象的、一般的，时间概念不强，不是指某一次的动作；不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。

例如：Doing sports is good for people’s health.To do too much exercise is not good for him as he has a heart illness.2.不定式作表语(1)表示主语的具体内容。

The duty of a postman is to deliver letters and newspapers.注意：主语部分有实义动词do 时，表语中可以省略to。

What he did first was (to) walk up to his friend and hug him.(2)“be to do”还可以表示不同的情态意义。

Children are not to smoke. (禁止)They are to marry next week. (安排)You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed. (愿望)Man is to live a better life in the next century. (事态发展或预期的结果)注意:有几个不定式作表语，需用主动表被动：Parents are to blame if their children do not have good manners.3.不定式做宾语(1)接不定式做宾语的常见动词：afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, begin, choose, come, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, happen, help, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, want, wish注意: demand/hope只能接to do 不能接sb to do。

非谓语动词作表语一：动词不定式在句中做表语：1) To see is to believe. 2) To save time is to lengthen life.3) To live is to work.说明：不定式作表语,说明主语的内容，主语和表语位置可互换，不过泛指一般的习惯性动作最好用动名词，当表具体某一动作，最好用不定式。

Ex: 1) My task is ______the yard every day.(clean)2) Her job is ______the yard today. (clean)3) To be kind to the enemy is______ ( be) cruel to the people.4) Their plan is_______ (build) another dormitory for their staff this year.5) His wish is ______ (become) a pilot.2)疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式，构成不定式短语在句中作表语。

1) The question was where to get the medicine needed.2) The question is how to put it into practice.3）My question is where to find the answer.4）The problem is____ ____ _____. 问题是去做什么。

5) The problem is____ ____ _____.问题是要买那一个。

6）The problem is____ ____ _____ . 问题是从哪里开始。

7）The difficulty is_________________________. 难题是如何尽快解决这个问题。

非谓语动词中的动词不定式和动名词用法详解动词不定式和动名词是非谓语动词的两种形式。

它们在句子中可以充当名词、形容词或副词，具有一定的独立性和灵活性。

本文将详细解释动词不定式和动名词的用法，并举例说明。

动词不定式用法：动词不定式一般由to + 动词原形构成，常用的用法有以下几种：1. 作主语：动词不定式作为句子的主语时，常放在句首，如：To learn English is important.（学习英语很重要。

）2. 作宾语：动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语，如：I want to go shopping.（我想去购物。

）3. 作表语：动词不定式可以作为主语后面的表语，如：Her dream is to become a doctor.（她的梦想是成为一名医生。

）4. 作定语：动词不定式可以修饰名词，常放在名词前面，如：Please give me something to eat.（请给我一些吃的。

）5. 作状语：动词不定式可以表示目的、原因、结果、方式等，如：He went to the library to borrow some books.（他去图书馆借书。

）6. 作补语：动词不定式可以作及物动词的宾语补足语，如：They made him apologize for his behavior.（他们要求他为自己的行为道歉。

）动名词用法：动名词是动词加-ing形式构成的名词，常用的用法有以下几种：1. 作主语：动名词可以作为句子的主语，如：Swimming is good exercise.（游泳是很好的锻炼。

）2. 作宾语：动名词可以作及物动词的宾语，如：I enjoy singing.（我喜欢唱歌。

）3. 作表语：动名词可以作为主语后面的表语，如：His hobby is playing basketball.（他的爱好是打篮球。

）4. 作定语：动名词可以修饰名词，常放在名词前面，如：I have a swimming lesson this afternoon.（我今天下午有一堂游泳课。

非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。

但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。

不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动,表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。

一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数）1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。

如：Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。

（泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。

2）用动名词做主语的句型:It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做。

.。

.没有用处/好处/乐趣It’s a waste of time doing sth 做。

.。

浪费时间It is worth doing sth 值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。

3)不定式做主语的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。

It is silly of you to say so。

It is important for us to learn English well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。

高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解及其练习题The document was prepared on January 2, 2021高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解及其练习题非谓语动词是一个较难学的,今天我给大家总结一下非谓语动词的使用和练习,希望大家能把非谓语动词学会非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分3种形式：不定式,分词现在分词、过去分词,动名词1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：1如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如：They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.2都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.3都有主动与被动, “体”式一般式；进行式；完成式的变化.例如：He was punished by his parents.谓语动词被动语态He avoided being punished by his parents.动名词的被动式We have written the composition.谓语动词的完成时Having written the composition, we handed it in.现在分词的完成式4都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.谓语动词的逻辑主语The boss ordered them to start the work.动词不定式的逻辑主语We are League members.谓语动词的主语We being League member, the work was well done.现在分词的逻辑主语2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：1非谓语动词可以有名词作用如动词不定式和动名词,在句中做主语、宾语、表语.2非谓语动词可以有形容词作用如动词不定式和分词,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语.3非谓语动词可以有副词作用如动词不定式和分词,在句中作状语.4谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制.二非谓语动词的句法功能：二、非谓语动词用法：一动词不定式：to+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.1．不定式的形式：以动词write为例否定式：not + to do1一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,例如：I'm glad to meet you.He seems to know a lot.We plan to pay a visit.He wants to be an artist.The patient asked to be operated on at once.The teacher ordered the work to be done.2进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如：The boy pretended to be working hard.He seems to be reading in his room.3完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如：I regretted to have told a lie.I happened to have seen the film.He is pleased to have met his friend.2．不定式的句法功能：1作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do.2、It takes sb.+some time+to do.3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do.4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do.常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语.2作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.3作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式宾语后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语不定式后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如：I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English.4作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如：With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.5作定语：动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系：①动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如：He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.What did you open it with如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词：He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Have you got anything to sendHave you got anything to be sent②说明所修饰名词的内容：We have made a plan to finish the work.③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：He is the first to get here.6作状语：①表目的：He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. right：To save money, he has tried every means. wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.②表结果：He arrived late to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调：I visited him only to find him out.③表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.④表程度：It's too dark for us to see anything.The question is simple for him to answer.7作独立成分：To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.8不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词.If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.9不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to.He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.二动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能.1．动名词的形式：否定式：not + 动名词1一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.2被动式：He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会. 3完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影.4完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过.5否定式：not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告.6复合结构：物主代词或名词所有格+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次.His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦.2．动名词的句法功能：1作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的.Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语.It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的.2作表语：In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵.3作宾语：They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝.We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染.注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句.此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如：We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好.要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid避免, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit承认,deny否认, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk冒险, appreciate感激, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help情不自禁地, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…from,keep …from, stop…from,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…in, succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like4作定语：He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路.Is there a swimming pool in your school 你们学校有游泳池吗5作同位语：The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密.His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变.三现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能.1、现在分词的形式：否定式：not + 现在分词1现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语.例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去.Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球.2现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作.The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要.Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误.2．现在分词的句法功能：1作定语：现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后.In the following years he worked even harder.在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了.The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲.现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如：in the following years 也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.2现在分词作表语：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒.The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心.be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构.3作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等.例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着.4现在分词作状语：①作时间状语：While Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人.②作原因状语：Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人.③作方式状语,表示伴随：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗.④作条件状语：If Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间.⑤作结果状语：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎.⑥作目的状语：He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了.⑦作让步状语：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了.⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上.All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了.Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习.有时也可用with without +名词代词宾格+分词形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了.⑨作独立成分：udging fromby his appearance, he must be an actor.从外表看,他一定是个演员.Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心.四过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成.不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住.过去分词的句法功能：1．过去分词作定语：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行.Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会.注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面.过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句.2．过去分词作表语：The window is broken. 窗户破了.They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕.注意：be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态.区别：The window is broken.系表The window was broken by the boy.被动有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成.如：boiled water开水 fallen leaves落叶newly arrived goods新到的货 the risen sun升起的太阳the changed world变了的世界这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed 等.3．过去分词作宾语补足语：I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次.有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了.4．过去分词作状语：Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲.表示原因Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了.表示时间Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好.表示条件Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子.表示让步Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞.非谓语动词考点分析1．The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 ,did’t include women players until 1919.playing be first played played be first playing析：根据题干,必须选表示被动的选项,故排除A、D；因B选项表“将要被举行”意,不合题干之用,只有C选项相当于which was first played才合用.2．European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sportin the world.make析：B、C是谓语动词,在此不可用.D项to make或表目的,或表“将要使得”,这都不合题干情景.只有,可作状语,表结果.再举一现在分词作结果状语例：The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻,因而耽误了.3．Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.be taken take taken析：根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项,C、D应排除.Take后无宾语,必然要用被动式,故答案为A.4．John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.wash be washing析：根据be made to do sth.句式,可定答案为A.5．The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.eat not not to eat eating析：根据warn sb.notto do sth.句式,可排除B、D两项；又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律,又可排除A,而定C.6．——I usually go there by train. ——Why not ______ by boat for a change try going to go try and go going析：此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为D.若将B项改为try to go,则要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案.依据题干对话内容,乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样,所以答案仍为D.7．______ a reply,he decided to write again.receiving not having received not received析：非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位,B、D皆为错误形式.A项不能表达先于decided的动作,只有选C项才表没收到信在先,决定再写信在后,所以C为正确答案.8．Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.invent have invented mvented析：consider表“考虑”意时,其后动词用doing形式,此处不表“考虑”,而表“认为”,这时consider后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do,to have done,to be等形式.据此可排除B、D两个选项.又因A表“要发明”意,不合题用,只有C表“发明了”意,才合题用,故选C.9．Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.invite invited been invited析：“被邀请参加晚会”,应选表被动意的选项,B不可用.D项少引导词who,也应排除.又因短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作定语,C也应排除,只有＝who were invited才是正确答案.10．The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his back.tied tied be tired析：B表主动意,应排除.C表“将要被捆绑”,A表“正在被捆绑”都不合题意,只有D项填入空白才能表达“双手被反绑着”这一意思,符合题干情景.再看一类似例句： He came in,withhis head held high.他昂首走了进来.非谓语动词专练more attention,the trees could have grown better.give givenfirst textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.be written written writtenmissing boys were last seen ______ near the river.play be playingin thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.lose lostpassing me he pretended ______ me.see having seen have not seen to have seenchildren insisted ______ there on foot.going would go their goingstill remembers ______ to Shanghai when he was very young.taken takenthe railway station,we had a break,only ______ the train had left.at;to find to;discovering thatarriving at;finding out to;to have found outthe boy ______ the way,we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park.;finding;leading lead;found;to lead ;finding;led ;found;ledthese pictures,I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Being and______ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful.;seen ;seeing ;seeing ;seencan hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.have sailed sailyou wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air ______ against your face.moveis known to all,China will be an ______ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time.;advancing ;advanced ;advanced ;advancingshopping,people sometimes can’t help ______ into buying something they don’t really need.persuaded persuadedwas terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.be followed followedexcuse my ______ in without ______ .;permitted ;permitted ;being permitted come;being permittedhis head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then.;being held ;holding held;held ;to be held18.——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day——Yes,and I heard this song ______ in English.;singing ;sung ;singing ;sungquestion ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.;discussed ;had discussed discussed;discussed ;discussingthe cooking ______ ,I went on ______ some sewing.;to do done;doing be done;doing have done;doingis no use ______ your past mistakes.A. regrettingB. regretC. to regretD. regrettedhusband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her,only ______ her five children.;to leave ;leaving ;left ;leavingam very have a very difficult problem ______ .work work out be worked out work it outwould appreciate ______ back this affernoon.to call call calling ’re callingmountains was ______ ,so we all felt ______ .;tired ;tiring ;tiring ;tiredsaw some villagers ______ on the bench at the end of the room.themselveswas glad to see her child well ______ care of.be takenis one of the important problems ______ tomorrow.solve be solvedmaps properly,you need a special pen.draw drawingis a river ______ around our school.run be runningabout the two of us ______ a walk down the gardentake be takenwas fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set. ______ when I got home.;stolen ;stealing ;stolen ;stealingthe kind－hearted boy ____ me with my work,I’m sure I’ll be able to spare time___ with your work.help;help you out ;helping you ;to help you out help;to help youmovedd by her words, ______ .came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tearsC. tears could hardly be held backD. his eyes were filled with tears.35.——I hope the children won’t touch the dog.——I’ve warned them ______ .to touch dowould love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.go have gone gone______ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and said nothing.asked be askedman kept silent in the room unless ______ .to to speakwas often listened ______ in the next room.sing to singthan ______ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle.;ride ;ride ;to ride ride;ridingboy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him ______ .to to do do it not to’s troubling them is ______ enough experienced workers.they have to have not not having their havinghis telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.knowing not having known not knowis used ______ houses in some places .build building be built builton ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one.do be doingday we looked forward to ______ .come comewould you rather ______ the workhave to do have do to do doyou think it any good ______ with him againtalk talking talkednew ideas have to be tested many times before ______ .fully fully accepted accepting being acceptedgovernment forbids ______ such bad books.publish非谓语动词专练答案1―5 C B D B D 6―10 C B A A A 11―15 C B C C B 16―20 C A D C A21―25 A D B C A 26―30 C C B C C 31―35 C A D B B 36―40 B B A D C 41―45 A C A A A 46―50 C D A B D非谓语动词非谓语动词是指分词包括现在分词和过去分词、不定式、动名词等三种形式,即：doing , done , to do , doing .当然它们有各自不同的变化形式,如：现在分词 doing : 有being done被动式 ; having done 完成式; having been do ne 完成被动式不定式 to do : 有to be done 被动式; to have done 完成式; to be doing进行式动名词 doing : 有having done完成式; being done被动式 ;非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征,虽然它们没有人称和数的变化,但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语.它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征.具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语.下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：一．动词不定式先看几个例句,判断不定式在句中的成分.1．To learn a foreign language is difficult .2． His wish is to be a driver .3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises .5．I have nothing to say .6．They went to see their aunt .7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do next .9．I heard them make a noise .说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语,5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语,it 代替动词不定式,作形式主语.8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语.掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：1．“to” 是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to 都是介词.agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to2．带to 还是不带toI have no choice but to give inI cannot do anything but give inI saw him enter the classroom .但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .3．动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的.但是有时用of .It’s necessary for you to study hard .It’s foolish of him to do it .与of 连用的形容词有：good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语,而要用it做形式宾语.例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .5．不定式的省略.下列短语中,如果意义明确,常常省略到to .want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to6．不定式作定语,应注意两种关系：1动宾关系：He has a lot of meeting to attend .Please lend me something to write with .He is looking for a room to liveHe is looking for a room to live in .He has no money and no placeto live in .I think the best way to travel by is on foot .There is no time to think about .2主谓关系：She is always the last person to speak at the meeting .----I’m going to the post office , for I have a l etter to post . 逻辑主语是I-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now 逻辑主语不是I7．不定式作状语,可以有以下几种意义：1 原因He is lucky to get here on time .这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy2 目的He came to help me with my maths .3 结果I hurried to get there only to find him out .The book is too hard for the boy to read .He is old enough to go to school .8 . 不定式作补足语I saw him play in the street just now .能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时,不定式要带to , 如：He was seen to play in the street just now.二．动名词Learning English is very difficult .学英语非常困难.His job is driving a bus .他的工作是开车.I enjoy dancing .我喜欢跳舞.I have got used to living in the country .我已经习惯了住农村.Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep .吃点安眠药,你很快就会入睡.注意以下几种结构：1．There’s no telling what will happen .=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .= No one can tell what will happen .2．It’s no use talking with him .It’s no good speaking to them like that .3．There’s some difficulty in doing …在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题：1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别, forget to do … 忘记要做某事forget doing… 忘记做了某事remember to do…记住要做某事remember doing …记着做了某事mean to do … 有意要做某事mean doing … 意味着做了某事regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事try to do … 尽力去做某事try doing 试着做某事learn to do … 学着去做某事learn doing … 学会做某事stop to do … 停下来去做另一件事stop doing … 停止做某事go on to do … 接着做另外一件事go on doing … 继续做某事used to do … 过去做某事be used to doing … 习惯做某事2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义现在分词作定语表达 n+whichwho be doing的含义如：a sleeping car = a car for sleepinga running horse = a horse which is running前者是动名词 , 后者是现在分词又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy3．动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式.例如：His coming made us very happy .4．动名词的语态和时态5．动名词主动形式表被动的情况：need doing , want doing , require doing例如： This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷.6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest ,risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,三．分词1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .这个故事有兴趣,我对这个故事感兴趣.2 . This is a moving film .这是一部动人的电影.3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .秘书工作到深夜,为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿.4. Given more tim e , I’ll do it well .如果给我多一点时间,我会做的更好.When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .当他后街时,看到小偷正从银行偷钱.应注意的几个问题：1．现在分词与过去分词的区别Do you know the woman talking to Tom= Do you know the woman who is talking to TomThe soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country.2．分词作表语The news sounds encouraging .They got very excited .1现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：The news is interesting .He is interested in the news .doing 作表语,主语与表语是主谓关系；done 作表语,主语与表语是动宾关系.2表语与被动式的区别：The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .强调动作。

非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。

非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）不定式一、不定式的作用1、作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。

往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。

如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。

（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。

试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对）（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语（1）动词+不定式。

如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide,begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等（2）动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。

如：I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can’t decide when to go there.注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。

高中非谓语作主语练习题及讲解### 高中非谓语动词作主语练习题及讲解非谓语动词，包括动名词、不定式和分词，是英语中重要的语法点。

它们可以作为主语、宾语、表语等句子成分。

本文将通过一些练习题来帮助学生更好地理解和运用非谓语动词作主语。

#### 练习题1. 动名词作主语- 动名词表示动作的进行或习惯，可以作为主语。

请将下列句子改写为动名词作主语的形式。

- "He enjoys reading books." → "____ reading books is his hobby."2. 不定式作主语- 不定式表示动作的意图或目的，也可以作为主语。

请将下列句子改写为不定式作主语的形式。

- "She plans to visit the museum." → "____ the museum is her plan."3. 分词作主语- 现在分词和过去分词都可以作为主语，表示动作的状态或被动。

请将下列句子改写为分词作主语的形式。

- "The boy is running in the park." → "____ in the park is the boy."4. 复合结构作主语- 非谓语动词可以和名词或代词一起构成复合主语。

请将下列句子改写为复合结构作主语的形式。

- "His finishing the project on time surprised everyone." → "____ the project on time surprised everyon e."5. 选择填空- 选择适当的非谓语动词形式填空。

- "____ to the meeting is a must for all the employees." - A) Attend- B) Attending- C) To attend- D) Attended#### 讲解- 动名词：动名词通常表示一个正在进行或习惯性的动作。

（完整版）动名词和不定式做主语及非谓语动词做表语高二英语6动名词和不定式做主语及非谓语动词做表语1. __________ a language requires time and effort.A. LearnB. LearningC. To learnD. Being learned2. It is not always easy __________ invitations.A. to refuseB. refusingC. to be refusedD. being refused3. __________ now seems impossible.A. Saving moneyB. To save moneyC. Being saved moneyD. To be saved money4. To answer correctly is more important than __________A. a quick finishB. to finish quicklyC. finishing quicklyD. you finish quickly5. How __________ the problem will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.A. to solveB. to be solvedC. being solvedD. solving6. It was polite _________ the child to give up his seat to the elderly woman.A. forB. ofC. toD. with7. Is it necessary __________ the book immediately?A. for him to returnB. that he returnsC. his returningD. of him to return8. It __________ forty-five minutes __________ there by bus.A. cost, to getB. takes, gettingC. takes, to getD. takes, to get to9. It is no good __________. You should give_________.A. to smoke, it upB. smoking, it upC. smoking, up itD. to smoke, up it10. It is no __________ debating with Tom, because he will never change his mind.A. useB. helpC. timeD. while11. Do you consider it any good __________ again?A. to tryB. tryC. tryingD. for you to try12. I don’t think it’s much good __________ to him.A. writingB. to writeC. to be writtenD. being written13. __________ the assignment made his father lose his temper.A. The boy’s not having doneB. The boy not having doneC. The boy’s having not doneD. The boy having not done14. I don’t remember __________ about it.A. him telling usB. his telling usC. him to tell usD. he tells us15. Her wish is __________ an engineer.A. becomingB. becomeC. to becomeD. being come16.Some people’s greatest pleasure is __________.A. fishingB. to fishC. to be fishingD. being fish17. The report was so __________ that they were all __________.A. inspiring, excitingB. inspiring, excitedC. inspired, excitedD. inspired, exciting18. ---“You look pale.”---“I feel a little __________.”A. tireB. tiredC. tiringD. tiresome19. He seems __________ here for three years.A. to be livingB. to have livedC. to have been livedD. to live20. ---“What’s made you so upset?”---“_________ three tickets to the pop music concert.”A. LostB. LosingC. Because of losingD. Since I lost动名词和不定式作宾语的区别（一）21. I like __________ very much, but I don’t like _________ this morning.A. swimming, swimmingB. to swim, to swimC. swimming, to swimD. to swim, swimming22. Little Jim should love __________ to the theatre this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking23. ---“Did you close the door?”---“Yes, I remember __________ it.”A. to closeB. to closingC. closingD. closed24. Remember __________ the newspaper when you have finished it.A. putting backB. having put backC. to put backD. will put back25. I’m sorry I forgot _______ your dictionary.Let’s borrow one from Li Ming.A. to takeB. takingC. to bringD. bringing26. Henry always forgets things he has done. Yesterday he forgot __________ and looked for it everywhere.A. to post the letterB. to have the letter postedC. to have posted the letterD. having posted the letter27. My brother regretted __________ a lecture given by Professor Liu.A. missingB. to missC. missedD. being missed28. I regret __________ you that we are unable to offer you a job.A. informingB. having informedC. to informD. to informing29. I felt tired with walking, so I stopped __________ a break for an hour.A. havingB. to haveC. takingD. to taking30. The teacher told the students to stop __________ to him.A. to write and listenB. writing and listeningC. to write and listeningD. writing and to listen31. ---“What can we do to help Li Hai.”---“All we can do is to try __________ that he ought to study more.”A. making him to realizeB. making him realizeC. to make him realizeD. to make him to realize32. You didn’t hear us come in last night. That’s good.We tried ____ noisy.A. to be notB. not to beC. not beingD. being not33. He finished his homework, then he went on __________ a letter.A. writeB. writingC. withD. to write34. The grass has grown so tall that it needs _________.A. to cutB. to be cut itC. cuttingD. being cut35. ---”You’ve come just in time to help us.”---“Fine, what needs __________?”A. I doB. doneC. to be doneD. to do36. You didn’t need __________ him the news; it just made him sad.A. tellingB. tellC. to tellD. that you would tell37. These young trees require __________ carefully.A. looking afterB. to look afterC. to be looked atD. looking for38. The sentence wants __________ once more.A. to explainB. explainingC. being explainedD. to be explained it39. He hasn’t got used __________ in the countryside yet.A. liveB. to liveC. to livingD. living40. A very well-known person __________ in this house.A. is used to liveB. used to liveC. is used to livingD. used to living41. The clock was beginning __________ twelve and everybody held their breath.A. strikeB. to strikeC. strikingD. struck42. I begin __________ the meaning, which begins __________.A. understanding, to be clearB. to understand, to be clearC. understanding, being clearD. to understand, being clear43. The police forbid __________ here.A. parkB. parkingC. to parkD. to be parked44. The heavy rain forbade me __________ to school.A. from my comingB. to comeC. comeD. my coming45. Tom’s parents do not allow T om __________ swimming.A. goingB. to goC. goD. goes46. Sorry, we don’t allow __________ in the lecture room.A. to smokeB. smokeC. smokingD. to smoking47. Visitors are not permitted __________ the park after dark, because of the lack of lighting.A. to enterB. enteringC. to enter inD. entering in48. They don’t permit __________ noise her.A. to makeB. makeC. makingD. made49. Missing the train means __________ for an hour.A. to waitB. to be waitedC. being waitedD. waiting50. I meant __________ you, but I was so busy.A. to call onB. calling onC. to call atD. calling at非谓语动词做宾语补足语51. She was glad to see her child well __________.A. take care ofB. taken care ofC. taken careD. taking care of52. Why do you stand and watch the milk __________.A. boilingB. boiledC. from boilingD. having been boiled53. I’ve heard him __________ about you often.A. spokeB. speakingC. speakD. to speak54. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word __________.A. speakingB. spokenC. speakD. being spoken55. Walking along the river, we heard someone __________ for help.A. shoutingB. shoutC. shoutedD. having shouted56. I held the little bird in my hand and felt its heart __________.A. jumpingB. beatingC. bumpingD. knocking57. ---“Do you smell anything unusual?”---“Yes.I can smell something __________.”A. burningB. is burningC. having burntD. burn58. Why do you have the water __________ all the time?A. ranB. to be runningC. runningD. being running59. Ellen was absent this morning because she had her tooth __________.A. fillingB. having been filledC. filledD. full60. I can’t _________ you running up and down all day lo ng.A. permitB. letC. haveD. allow61. Is there anything you want from town? I’m going to get __________.A. those letters mailedB. mailed lettersC. to mailed those lettersD. those letters mail62. The teacher got the students __________ all the words they didn’t know.A. looked upB. looking inC. to look upD. look at63. What did the school master want __________ to the noisy children?A. doingB. to doC. doneD. did64. They wanted the work __________ with great care.A. to have doneB. to be doneC. doingD. to do65. I need this chapter __________ before tomorrow.A. rewritingB. rewrittenC. rewriteD. to write again66. Having read the Emperor’s New Clothes, we all found it__________.A. interestB. interestedC. interestingD. to interest67. When she returned home, she found the window open and something __________.A. to stealB. losingC. missedD. stolen68. My hometown is found __________.A. complete changingB. having completely changedC. completely changeD. completely changed69. We found many people __________ in the meeting room.A. seatB. seatingC. to seatD. seated70. There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _________.A. being heardB. heardC. hearingD. hear71. Because of my poor English I’m afraid I can’t make myself _________.A. understandB. be understoodC. understoodD. understanding72. Don’t let him __________ you __________ for a long time.A. to make, waitB. make, to waitC. make, waitD. to make, to wait73. He kept me __________ for many hours.A. to waitB. having been waitedC. waitingD. waited74. Mother caught the boy __________ in the corner.A. smokeB. to smokeC. smokingD. being smoked75. John left his coat __________ on the sofa.A. layingB. lyingC. laidD. lain基础综合：接上期61. Some doctors were sent to the front where medical workers were __________.A. in great need B in desperate need of C needed great D needed in62. ——The police have caught the murderer.——Yes, and he admitted ___________his boss on a rainy nightseven years ago.A. to kill B to have killed C having killing D have been killed63. ——Did you reach the top of the mountain?——Yes. Even I mysel f didn’t believe I could make__________.A. thatB. itC. myselfD. them64. The Chinese are good at table tennis ___________the English are interested in football. A. if B. as C. while D. since65. Was it in front of the market____________ the road accident happened yesterday?A. where B. that C. which D. why66. ——I’m sorry that I didn’t work out this problem.——It’s___________our ability. I didn’t work it out, too.A. overB. beyondC. more thanD. above67. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People ___________to ask how I amgoing to _____________ spend the money.A. had phonedB. will phoneC. were phoningD. are phoning68. He didn’t like coffee __________tea, but water.A. and B or C. but D. with69. It is better to ask someone for advice rather than ___________something.A. risk doingB. risk to doC. to risk doingD. to risk to do70. ——Your neighbors may __________you with playing your radio too loudly at night.——I know. They never say anything that ___________ me especially.A. accuse, appeals toB. charge, appeal toC. charge, appeals toD. blame, appeals to71. I spoke that slowly but I didn’t __________my meaning __________.A. come…acrossB. get…acrossC. get…aboutD. get…ahead72. If _________, the bird flu would produce a powerful poison that would kill the patients.A. not treat B not treated C untreated D. Both B and C73. Johnny is a great dancer; he __________above the rest for his perfect performance.A. stands by B stands for C stands out D. makes for74. This race was her last chance to win a place on the national team so everything was __________.A. dangerousB. in stakeC. at stakeD. in charge75. He studied very hard all the time because he didn’t wantto __________in his studies.A. fall behindB. be left behindC. left behindD. Both A and B76. ________ opening ceremony of the 28th Beijing Olympic Games really gave the world _________ big surprise. 高.考.资.源.网A. 不填; aB. The; theC. The; aD. 不填; the77. ---This passage is difficult for me. Could you please explain it to me?---I’m afraid I have to say sorry, but the book is ________ my understanding.A. beyondB. overC. aboveD. off78. For most Americans, their 18th birthday ________ the end of one part of their life and the beginning of another.A. predictsB. tellsC. marksD. signs79. Mr. Wang, who is said to have immigrated to the USA, ________ at No.2 Middle School in our city for twenty years.A. has been teachingB. was teachingC. taughtD. has taught80. I’m sorry I can’t spare any ink for you, for, you see, I have __________ myself.A. nothingB. no oneC. noD. none81. ---How often do you visit your granny in the village?---I feel ashamed. Just __________.A. oftenB. by accidentC. once in a whileD. all of a sudden82. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, _________, refusing them when they turn to him.A. if neverB. if everC. if notD. if any83. The situation is _________ --- we have no food, very little water and no medical supplies.A. desperateB. adventurousC. desertedD. optimistic84. ---But for your timely warning, we __________ into great trouble.---Well, you know we’re fri ends.A. would getB. must have gotC. would have gotD. can’t have got85. With Shanghai World Expo drawing near, volunteers are making use of every minute to ________ their foreign language because language volunteers must pass a written test and an interview.A. polish upB. take upC. put upD. make up86. The word “media” basically refers to _________ we commonly call newspapers, magazines,radios and televisions.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where87. The company made it a rule that any application form ___________ properly will not be accepted.A. not to be filledB. not filledC. not being filledD. not having been filled88. It was not until the entrance exams were in sight that__________ that I had so many books tocover and so many exercises to finish.A. I realizedB. did I realizeC. had I realizedD. I had realized89. __________ I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.A. WhenB. WhileC. AsD. Since90. ---Surely you can turn to David for help.---_______ He is the last one you can rely on.A. Get out of it!B. Is that right?C. I couldn’t agree more.D. It’s up to you.91．According to ________ announcement by Guangzhou Price Bureau,_________ new measures which have been taken recently are expected to cut the operation costs of each taxi driver by 1280 yuanA．the; 不填 B．an; the C．不填; the D．an; 不填92. ----Did you remember to pay the telephone bill?-----The telephone bill? ____________.A．That isn’t due yet. B．Are you sure?C．My telephone is out of order. D．Please remember the amount.93. Jim was not _________ to the club, because at that time he was not a member of it.A．allowed B．permitted C．admitted D．promoted94.After the Shenzhou VI capsule (太空舱) touched down, two astronauts succeeded in traveling around the earth, thus again __________ China is a global space power.A．proving B．to prove C．to have proved D．being proved95. Generous public funding of basic science would _________a good many benefits for the country’s health, wealth and security.A．result from B．lead to C．lie in D．settle down96. Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered and a child rarely dislikes food __________ it is badly cooked．A．if B．until C．that D．unless97. ----The Singaporean singer Stefanie Sun took the Most Popular Female Award in Hong Kong.----But when she studied in middle school, no fans could have imagined how well she _______ in the world of entertainment. (孙燕姿)A．would do B．was doing C．had done D．did98．This river has changed its course many times. It _________ always located where it ________ at present.A．isn’t; is B．isn’t; will be C．wasn’t; is D．wasn’t; has been99. The film brought the hours back to me __________ I was taken good care of in that far- away village.A．until B．that C．when D．where100. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ___________ a goal.A．had scored B．scored C．would score D．would have scored短文改错练习（1）Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years. It came sudden and went on for over three hours. After lunch, I went into my room to have a rest. The air was hotter, and all is quiet. Then a strong windstarted to blow into my room. Pieces of paper on my desk flew high into the air and some flew out the open window. As I ran out to catch them, big drop of rain began to fall. When I came back into house, it was raining harder and harder. I tried very hard to close the window. Then Iheard a loudly crashing(碰撞的)sound from the back of the house. When I ran out to find that a big tree had fallen down and broke the top of the back room.(2)I have been planning to join in our college basketball team n ext year, so now I am spending as more time as I can with other people who likes to play. They are teaching me the most important rules and technologies of the game, and I am getting the better all the time. We have a neighborhood team that play against other teams in the area. One of my neighbors is helping rest of us improved our skills. Tonight we are playing against one of the best teams in the city, and I think we can win them if we won't make any mistakes.答案：21-25 CACCC 26-30 DACBD 31-35 CBDCC 36-40 CABCB41-45 BBBBB 46-50 CACDA答案：1-5 BABBA 6-10 BACBA 11-15 CAABC 16-20 ABBBB。