高中语法非谓语动词之动词不定式讲解及练习

高中英语语法非谓语动词之动词不定式讲解及习题动词不定式一．动词不定式的时态练习：1.I’m very happy (hear) that the German team won the match.2.She is said (study) in France.据说她正在法国留学。

3.He pretended (sleep) when his younger brother came in.当他弟弟进来时，他假装在睡觉。

4.When you called me up, I happened (prepare) dinner.你给我打电话时，我正好在做饭。

5.You are lucky （get）tickets to the football match.你买到了足球赛门票，真幸运。

6.He appears (wait) here for a long time.他似乎在这里等了很久。

（仍然在等待）单选1.We agreed here but so far she has not turned up yet.A.having metB. meetingC. to meetD. to have met2.Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.A.to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented3.Tom happened when they spoke ill of him.A.passing byB. to be passing byC. to passing byD. to having passed by4.The doctor warned the patient not to eat sugar. I’m sorrytold you about it.A.to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having5.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Li Na, who was saida miracle in the tennis.A.makingB. having madeC. to have madeD. make6.The police are now searching for a woman who is reportedtosince the earthquake hit the area.A.have been missingB. missC. be missedD. have missed二．动词不定式的被动语态1.She asked (send) to work in Tibet.她要求被派到西藏去工作。

非谓语动词非谓语动词的概念: 在句子中不能做谓语的动词形式叫做非谓语动词. 它不受人称和数的限制.非谓语动词分为三种形式: 不定式：to do动名词：v-ing 用做名词分词（现在分词doing和过去分词V-ed）（高考）考点一：不定式1.不定式的基本形式是to＋动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。

动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形（不定式符号to有时可以省略）；其否定形式为：not to+动词原形。

如：My father asked me not to read in bed.)2.不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。

(1)作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb)＋动词不定式。

It's important (for us) to protect environment.注: kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。

It's very kind of you to help me.(2)作宾语He wants to go out with her.注:①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect，pretend等。

？Would you like to see a film this evening②当不定式作宾语时，通常还可以用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。

在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。

I find it easy to read English every day.(3)作表语句型：主语+ be + to do sth .如：My group’s task is to find out the cost to go by train.（4）作目的状语>如：He opened the door for her to come in. 他打开门让她进来。

动词不定式专项训练A. to solveB. to be solveC. being solvedD. solvingA. for her to returnB. that she must returnC. her returningD. of him to returnA. costs... to getB. costs... gettingC. takes... to getD. takes... gettingA. to explainB. to have been explainedC. to be explainedD. to be explainingA. to learnB. to be learningC. to have learnedD. to have been learningKeys: 1-5 A A C C C专项练习1.The flu is believed_______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have been caused2.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions needA. that. .. to be improvedB. which ... to be improvedC. where. . . to be improvingD. when.. . improving3.Remember_________the magazine when you have finished reading it.A. putting backB. having put backC. to put backD. will put back4.—I'm sorry I forgot________ your dictionary.—Let's use Li Hua's.A. to takeB. takingC. to bringD. bringingA. to do whatB. what to doC. doing whatD. what doingA. writing... phoningB. to write. . . to phoneC. writing... to phoneD. to write. . . phoning7.Tom is always forgetting things he has done. Yesterday, he forgot and looked for it eve-rywhere.A. to post the letterB. to have the letter postedC. to having posted the letterD. having posted the letterA. to be notB. not to beC. not beingD. being not9.My brother regretted _______ a lecture given by Prof. Wang.A. missingB. to missC. missedD. being missing10.I regret _______ you that we are unable to offer you a job.A. informingB. having informedC. to informD. to informing11.He felt tired with typing the lecture. So he stopped_______ a short break.A. havingB. to haveC. takingD. to taking12.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies arestriving their products more competitive.A. to makeB. makingC. to have madeD. having madeA. to sit... weptB. to sit. .. weepingC. sit... weptD. sat. . . weeping14.—You have come just in time tohelp us.—Fine. What needs________________________?A. I doB. doneC. to be doneD. to do15.That evening, he set about_________ t he report_______ the next morning.A. write... to hand inB. to write.. . handing inC. written... to hand inD. writing... to be handed in16.There seemed nothing ________ to do but ________ f or the doctor.A. leave... sendB. left... to sendC. left... sendD. leaving... send17.Do you think it difficult________ a dolphin ________ ?A. to train... jumpingB. training... for jumpingC. to train... jumpD. to train... to jump18.I prefer _______ rather than_______ .A. to do some reading... watching TVB. doing some reading... watching TVC. to do some reading... watch TVD. doing some reading... to watch TV19.The two boys pretended _________ v ery hard, though they did nothing.A. studyB. studyingC. to be studiedD. to be studying Keys: 1-5 CACCB6-10 CDBAC 11-15 BAB CD 16-19CDCD专项练习1.An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots.A. to issueB. being issuedC. to have issuedD. to beissuedA. practise to singB. practise singingC. to practise to singD. to practise singing3.—What can we do to help Li Ming?A. making him to realizeB. making him realizeC. to make him realizeD. to make him to realizeA. disappearB. to disappearC. disappearingD. disappearedA. to writeB. writtenC. writeD. writingA. madeB. to makeC. makingD. to be makingA. saysB. sayingC. sayD. saidA. give upB. giving upC. to give upD. to giving upA. to commentB. commentC. to commentingD. being commentedA. reciteB. recitedC. recitingD. to reciteA. repeat the question againB. repeating the questionC. to repeating the questionD. to repeat the questionA. to be destroyedB. to have been destroyedC. to be destroyingD. to have been destroyingA. to go alongB. going alongC. went alongD. will goalongA. to get it to startB. get it startD. getting it startedC. to get it startedA. to sweepB. to be sweptC. should sweepD. being swept Keys:1-5 ADC AC6-10 CCCBA 11-15 DBACB1.—I'd like to buy a car made in Shanghai.—Okay, Sir. You have several models ________ .A. to chooseB. to be chosen fromC. to choose fromD. for choosing2.It's time________ rice.A. for transplantB. of transplantingC. to transplantD. to transplanting3.It is a very difficult problem. I need a few days_________ .A. of thinking over itB. to think it overC. of thinking it overD. to think over it4.People need homes _______ and food ________ .A. to live... to eatB. to live in... to eatC. live. . . to eatD. to live in... to eat for5.Columbus was the first _________ t he New Continent.A. to have discoveredB. to discoverC. discoveringD. having discovered Keys:1-5 CCBBB专项练习A. for the family to liveB. for the family to live inC. that the family can't live inD. that the family can't liveA. so everyone to understandB. for every one understoodC. for everyone to understandD. for understandingA. to get along withB. to get alongC. to be got along withD. to getting along withA. for us in followingB. for us to be followedC. to be followedD. for us to followA. to drink itB. to be drunkC. to drinkD. to be drinkingA. to seeB. for to seeC. for seeingD. seeing7. _______ , I don't want to argue with them about the matter.A. To tell you the truthB. Telling the truthC. Having told you the truthD. Out of the truthA. to not frightenB. so as not to frightenC. in order to not frightenD. for not frighteningA. showing me the wayB. as to show me the wayC. to show me the wayD. so you can show me the wayA. to leaveB. that he leavesC. as to leaveD. leavingKeys:1-5 BCADC6-10 AABCC专项练习vi. 不定式的时态与语态意义1. 不定式的时态意义1)一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是在其后发生。

非谓语动词(动名词、动词不定式)总结及练习非谓语动词在句子中充当除了谓语．．．．以外其它成份的动词形式，不受人称和数的限制。

在英语中，非谓语动词主要有动名词和动词不定式两种形式。

第一部分动名词1.0动名词是在动词后面+ ing (doing)的形式，把动词变成名词来使用。

比如：live → living, see → seeing, go → going，凡此种种。

2.0 动名词在句子中的成份2.1 动名词做主语e.g. Seeing is believing. seeing为动名词，在句子中做主语Learning Japanese is hard. 为动名词，在句子中做主语2.2 动名词作宾语, 此时多与一些固定的谓语动词作搭配, 见附表e.g. I like reading.He enjoyed living in France.2.3 动名词作介词的宾语，常常与类似如下短语的介词连用，如：dream of, keep awayfrom, be good at, be interested in …e.g. He is interested in drawing. 动名词drawing作in的宾语Please keep away from lying. 动名词lying作from的宾语2.4 动名词作表语e.g. Seeing is believing. 动名词believing作表语My hobby is skating. 动名词skating作表语2.5 动名词作定语, 对修饰的名词形成一种定义e.g. a dining room, a swimming pool, a waiting room…2.6 动名词作状语，逻辑主语须与主句主语报纸一致e.g. Hearing the good news, she couldn’t helping laughing. (时间状语)Having received the letter, I decided to write back. (时间状语)Having been to the Great Wall for many times, he didn’t go last week. (原因状语)Working hard, you will succeed.(条件状语)Though working hard from day to day, he didn’t get rich. (让步状语)2.7 动名词作宾语补足语，常与感官等动词连用e.g. I saw him leavingPlease keep him working.第二部分动词不定式1.0 动词不定式也是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。

动词不定式用法全解英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。

非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。

动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。

动词不定式的形式：第一部分动词不定式的时态一、动词不定式的时态：动词不定式不能在句中作谓语，尽管它本身有时态的变化，但是却不能靠自身的变化形式表示动作发生的具体时间。

动词不定式发生的时间，一般只能根据谓语动词的时间，产生相对的先后时间关系。

1．不定式的一般式，表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作几乎同时发生，或在谓语动作之后发生，或者不强调不定式动作的时间性。

但不定式表原因时，往往先于谓语动作之前发生。

如：The news will not fail to surprise him.这个消息将不会不使他大吃一惊的。

（不定式动作在将来和谓语动作同时发生）I helped to repair the car.我帮助修理汽车。

（不定式动作在过去与谓语动作同时发生）He didn't know where to go.他不知道该去哪儿。

（不定式稍晚于谓语动作）Tell your brother not to come tomorrow.告诉你哥哥明天不要来。

（不定式晚于谓语动作）判断：He decided to sell his car.I tried to go to school in time.I hope to see you soon不定式表示谓语动作的原因时，往往发生在谓语动作之前。

如：I am very happy to see you here.She seemed surprised to meet us.（先是遇见我们，她然后很吃惊）2．不定式的完成式，通常表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。

易错点08非谓语动词之动词不定式在中考语法项目中，主要考查动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语。

动词不定式由“to+动词原形” 构成，有时to省略，直接由动词原形构成。

否定式由“not to+动词原形”构成。

如：We decided to go on hiking though we were tired. 虽然我们很累，但是我们决定继续远足。

The girl tried not to wake up her mother. 这女孩尽量不吵醒她妈妈。

动词不定式作宾语（1）接不定式作宾语的动词（“动词+to do” 结构）常见的有：learn 学会plan 计划decide 决定try 尽力choose 选择agree 同意refuse 拒绝pretend 假装offer 主动would like / want 想要expect 期望hope / wish 希望promise 承诺afford 负担得起prefer 喜欢help 帮助(help to do / help do) like 喜欢(like to do / doing)continue 继续(continue to do / doing) begin / start 开始(begin / start to do / doing)如：I would like to have a sandwich. 我想要吃一个三明治。

（2）动词不定式作宾语，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式宾语。

如：We found it difficult to understand what you said. 我们发现很难理解你所说的话。

（3）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（who，what，which等）作宾语（即“动词+疑问词+to do” 结构），常见的有：show 表明、指示；know 知道；tell 告诉；teach 教；learn 学习；decide 决定。

非谓语动词讲解及练习：动词不定式(The Infinitive)动词不定式(The Infinitive)动词不定式：（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

一、不定式的形式：主动被动一般式 to do to be done进行式 to be doing /完成式 to have done to have been done完成进行式 to have been doing /否定式：not /never + (to) do二、不定式的句法功能：1.作主语：eg.)To make a speech here is an honor.To lose heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语，如上两句可用如下形式：It is an honor to make a speech here.It means failure to lose heart.常用结构：It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth.It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth.(常见形容词:clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc.)Eg.)It’s necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English.It is foolish of you to make such a mistake.=You are foolish to make such a mistake.2.作表语：eg.)Her wish is to become a novelist.He appears to have caught a cold.不定式一般紧跟在系动词如be, seem, remain, appear等后面,用来说明主语的内容。

非谓语动词讲解以及例句非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式，不受主语的人称和数的限制，常用作句子的宾语、定语或状语。

非谓语动词包括动名词、不定式和分词三种形式。

一、动名词（-ing形式）：1. 作主语：Being kind to others is always a good thing to do.（对他人友善总是值得做的好事。

）2. 作宾语：I enjoy swimming in the ocean.（我喜欢在海里游泳。

）3. 作宾补：She made a decision, ending their relationship.（她做出了一个决定，结束了他们的关系。

）4. 作定语：The running water is so clear and refreshing.（流动的水非常清澈和令人神清气爽。

）5. 作状语：Knowing the answer, he raised his hand.（知道答案后，他举手了。

）二、不定式（to + 动词原形）：1. 作主语：To learn a new language is challenging but rewarding.（学习一门新语言是具有挑战性但值得的。

）2. 作宾语：She wants to visit Paris next year.（她想明年去巴黎旅游。

）3. 作宾补：I need to finish this report by tomorrow.（我需要明天之前完成这份报告。

）4. 作定语：He is the best person to ask for help.（他是寻求帮助的最佳人选。

）5. 作状语：She went to the library to study.（她去图书馆学习。

）三、分词：1. 现在分词（-ing形式）：The crying baby woke up the entire neighborhood.（哭闹的婴儿吵醒了整个社区。

非谓语动词之五兆芳芳创作非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过来分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词.现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式.这些动词的形式不克不及在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语.但可以有逻辑主语.由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能暗示动作和状态，所以仍有暗示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式.由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有暗示主、主动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起组成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语).动词不定式、过来分词及v-ing形式在句中均不克不及作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词.（一）动词不定式：动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”组成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不克不及作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而组成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis.1、动词不定式的形式变更：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变更.2、动词不定式的根本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与暗示未来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的筹划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学.（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan其实不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所暗示的动作不是主语plan产生的.）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学.（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所暗示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所暗示的动作是由we产生的）.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?（4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it 作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think i t right to do it that way.（6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式前面就要用需要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式前面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.（7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式暗示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不克不及位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将暗示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们故乡的解放.③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，暗示“足能…”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即组成复合结构的动词不定式.其中for自己无意义.for前面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词暗示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不必for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.4、疑问词+ 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式组成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.5、动词不定式的否认式：动词不定式的否认式是由not + 动词不定式组成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.6、动词不定式的时态形式所暗示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所暗示的动作是和谓语动词所暗示的动作同时产生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所暗示的动作之后产生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所暗示的动作产生在谓语动词所暗示的动作之前，如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所暗示的动作正在进行中，并且与谓语动词所暗示的动作同时产生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.7、动词不定式的主动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所暗示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用主动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasn’t been deci ded yet.非谓语动词（二）——动词-ing形式（二）-ing形式：动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词.-ing形式仍保存有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而组成-ing短语.1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式.及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和主动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有主动语态.现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各类形式列表如下：2、-ing形式的根本用法.（1）作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见.Talking is easier than doing. –ing作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置.如：It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.（2）作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语.She likes drawing very much.；②作某些短语动词的宾语. Mary is thinking of going back to New York.；③do+限定词（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing，暗示“做…事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.；⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?（4）作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语.另外，-ing作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词所暗示的动作是同时进行的，如果不是同时进行的，就不克不及用-ing作定语，要使用定语从句，如：The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.（5）作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时，句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语，可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等.（6）作状语：①时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while，如：When crossing street, you must be careful. ②原因状语：Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. ③方法或陪伴状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.3、主动语态-ing完成式的根本用法.主动语态-ing完成式所暗示的动作产生在句中谓语动词所暗示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用.句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所暗示的动作的执行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.4、主动语态-ing一般式的根本用法.主动语态-ing一般式所暗示的动作是一个正在进行中的主动动作，并且这个主动动作也是和句中谓语所暗示的动作同时产生的.它一般在句中作定语或状语用.如：The truck being repaired there is ours.5、主动语态-ing完成式的根本用法.主动语态-ing完成式所暗示的动作产生在谓语动词所暗示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用.如：Havingbeen shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.6、-ing形式的复合结构.在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即组成-ing的复合结构.其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语.这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中，这种结构如作宾语用，其中的物主代词经常使用人称代词的宾格，名词的所有格经常使用名词的普通格代替，如：She insisted on Peter’s (or Peter)going there first.7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别.一般说来，暗示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式.暗示一个具体某一次的动作时，多用动词不定式，如：Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别.-ing形式作定语用时，其动作一般与句中谓语动词所暗示的动词同时产生，而动词不定式作定语时，其动作一般产生在句中谓语动词所暗示的动作之后.如：The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别.（1）不定式作宾补时，其动作一般产生在谓语动词所暗示的动作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.（2）在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作宾补，暗示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所暗示的动作是一个动作的进程，如：I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌. I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌.10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别.-ing形式在句作状语暗示时间、原因、方法或陪伴情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语，如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.非谓语动词（三）——过来分词( 三）过来分词：1、过来分词的根本用法：过来分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所暗示的动作是一个主动的或是已完成的动作.过来分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分.过来分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所暗示的动作的承受者，如：（1）作定语：过来分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后.被过来分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.（2）作表语：过来分词作表语时，暗示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的. 注：过来分词作表语时，和动词的主动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不合，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的.作表语用的过来分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed,worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered 等.（3）作宾语补足语：过来分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过来分词，常暗示该分词所暗示的动作是由他人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找他人）把我的自行车给修了.（4）作状语：过来分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过来分词所暗示意义的逻辑宾语.为了使作状语的过来分词意义加倍明确，常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as等连词，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是该结构的逻辑主语，是give的逻辑宾语.）独立主格：上述-ing和过来分词的用法中，-ing和过来分词在句中均有逻辑主语，但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语，一般为名词或代词，位于其前之前，和-ing或过来分词组成独立主格.独立主格在句中一般只作状语用，而-ing和过来分词作用的形式，则要按照它们所暗示的动作和句中谓语动词所暗示的时间关系而定.至于独立主格中是使用-ing或是过来分词，则要按照它们的主语和其所暗示的动作的主动主动关系而定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注：The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. ①独立结构中的being或having been常可省去，如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room. ②作陪伴状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rollingdown her cheeks.2、-ing形式与过来分词的区别：（1）语态不合：-ing形式暗示主动概念，及物动词的过来分词暗示主动概念.an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说；the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众.（2）时间关系不合：现在分词所暗示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过来分词所暗示的动作，往往是已经完成的动作，如：The changing world正在产生的世界；the changed world已经起了变更的世界.易错易混点1．疑问词＋动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式组成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.2．动词不定式的否认式：由not ＋动词不定式组成.3．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别.v．-ing形式：暗示抽象或泛指的动作.不定式：暗示具体某一次的动作.She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.4．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别.v．-ing形式：动作与谓语动词所暗示的动作同时产生.不定式：动作产生在谓语动词所暗示的动作之后.eg. The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.I have three letters to write.5．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别.(1)不定式作宾补时，其动作一般产生在谓语动词所暗示的动作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.(2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用v.-ing形式作宾补，暗示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所暗示的动作是一个动作的进程，如：I hear her singing in the room. 我听见她正在屋里唱歌.I hear her sing in the room. 我听见她在屋里唱过歌.6．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别.v．-ing形式：暗示时间、原因、方法或陪伴情况.不定式：作目的或结果状语.7．v.-ing形式与过来分词的区别：(1)语态不合：v.-ing形式暗示主动概念，及物动词的过来分词暗示主动概念.an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说； the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众(2)时间关系不合：现在分词所暗示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过来分词所暗示的动作，往往是已经完成的动作，如：the changing world正在变更的世界 the changed world已经变更了的世界8．独立主格结构：有时v.-ing和过来分词在句中也有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语一般为名词或代词，和v.-ing还有过来分词组成独立主格结构.该结构在句中一般只作状语. 独立主格中是使用v.-ing仍是过来分词，则要按照它们的主语和其所暗示的动作的主动或被动关系来定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.注意：①独立结构中的being或having been常可省去，如：The meeting_(being)_over, all left the room.②作陪伴状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks.＝ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.非谓语的解题步调或思路（1）先判断空格部分所需的是主句，从句仍是非谓语动词.独立的句子，从句或非谓语独立的句子加句号，分号或破折号的话，后再加一个独立的句子.独立的句子，（逗号）有and,but, so 等词加独立的句子. （2）再按照主句的主语，来判断主动或主动；（3）接下来再判断时态，（4）如果是否认的话，not一定要放在非谓语的前面（5）一定不要忘记主语一致的原则，如果不一致的话，要把非谓语的独立主语加上.非谓语罕有的位置，或在句子中所担当的成分（1）非谓语动词短语， + 主句或是主句，非谓语动词短语这时的非谓语动词短语起到状语的作用例如： influenced by the growing interest in nature, more people enjoy outdaoor activities.在这种情况下，首先,找出主句的主语，然后以主句的主语为出发点，来判断非谓语动词是主动仍是主动，如果已有的非谓语动词的主语和主句主语不一致，还要考虑独立主格结构，也就是把非谓语动词的自己的主语加上去：例如： All flights having been cancelled , they decided to take the train. 其次,把非谓语动词和主句的动词比较，看是否同时产生仍是有明显的先后.（2）跟在介词，动词或某些形容词的前面固定搭配只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit 承认 appreciate 感谢 avoid 避免 put off 推迟 keep 保持 consider 考虑 delay/ postpone 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 resist 抵制 mention 提及 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse 原谅 practice 练习 mind介意 fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 risk 冒险 include 包含 forgive 原谅 give up 保持 suggest 建议 miss 逃过 imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁 involve 需要can’t stand 无法忍受 understand 理解罕有的带介词to的短语：be used to 习惯be related to 与……有关 get down to 着手做 contribute to 奉献put one’s mind to 全神灌输于 give rise to 引起 be equal to 胜任 devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致 be opposed to 否决 look forward to 盼望 object to 否决stick to 保持 pay attention to 注意（3）介词后一定要加动词的-ing 形式；（4）跟在名词前面做定语时，一般不必having done/ having been done 结构（5）放在句首做主语，一般用动词的ing 和to do …特殊的非谓语短语 Generally speaking 一般来说Considering …. 考虑到，鉴于Time/weather permitting 时间、天气允许的话Taking …into account 考虑到Taking …into consideration 考虑到Provided …假设Providing…假设Suppose…假设Supposing…假设Judging from/ by…按照…判断Given sth 假设，如果；鉴于，考虑到Given that…假设，如果；鉴于，考虑到 including sth (sth included)包含某事非谓语动词根本练习1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of apassenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting2. When you’re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference.A. haveB. havingC. and haveD. and having3. I felt it a great honor ______ to speak to you.A. to askB. askingC. to be askedD. having asked4. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone5. Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family.A. considerB. consideringC. to considerD. considered6. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studie d in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.A. seen carryB. seen carryingC. saw to carryD. saw carrying9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schoolsfor poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up10. The discovery of new evidence led to _______.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught11. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden.A. visitB. paying a visitC. walk inD. walking in12. To test eggs, _______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.A. putB. puttingC. to putD. to be putting13. “Where is David?”“He is upstairs ______ ready to go out.”A. to getB. gettingC. to be gettingD. having got14. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?”“________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.”A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. to be getting15. He was reading his book, completely _______ to the world.A. lostB. losingC. to loseD. to have lost16. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _______.A. to findB. to have foundC. to be foundD. being found17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not do18. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked19. Finding her car stolen, _______.A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searching thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help20. “How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the cus tomers?”“The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.”A. to solving, makingB. to solving, madeC. to solve, makingD. to solve, made21. “What do you think made Mary so upset?”“_______ her new bike.”A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing22. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun23. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in24. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invited25. Though I have often heard this song _______. I have never heard you _______ it.A. being sung, sangB. sang, singingC. sung, singD. to be sung, to sing非谓语动词提高练习1. The great hall was crowded with many people, __ many children __on their parents’ lapA. including; seatedB. including; seatingC. included; satD. included; sitting2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.A. holdingB. to be heldC. heldD. to be holding3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A. Being no rainB. There was no rainC. To be no rainD. There being no rain4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ hima millionaire overnight.A. makingB. makesC. to makeD. made5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____.A. to escape burningB. to escape being burnedC. escaping burnedD. escaping from burning6. Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good to his health.A. continuedB. to continueC. continuesD. continuing7. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things _____.A. remaining; remained to be settledB. remaining; remaining to be settledC. remained; remained to settleD. remained; remaining to settle8. _____ his age, the little boy read quite well.A. ConsideringB. ConsideredC. ConsiderD. Having considered9. _____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon.A. JudgedB. JudgingC. Having judgedD. To judge10. —Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he? —Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _____.A. to play; dancingB. playing; to danceC. to play; to danceD. playing; is to dance11. His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late.A. having been addressedB. to have addressedC. to have been addressedD. being addressed12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned tothe earth on February 1, 2003,_____ all seven astronauts aboard.A. having killedB. killingC. being killedD. killed13. There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city.A. needs repairingB. needing repairedC. needed repairingD. needing to be repaired14. — What caused the party to be put off? — _____ the invitations.A. Tom delayed sendingB. Tom’s delaying sendingC. Tom delaying to sendD. Tom delayed to send15. I was afraid _____ to my customers because I was afraid _____ them.A. of talking back; to loseB. of talking back; of losingC. to talk back; to loseD. to talk back; of losing16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _____ the flowing of the smog around me.A. enjoyB. enjoyingC. enjoyedD. to enjoy17. — Is Tom a good talker? — No, he never speaks to me other than _____ something?A. ask forB. to ask forC. asked forD. asking for18. I can’t get my car _____ on cold mornings, so I have to try _____ the radiator with some hot water.A. run; to fillB. running; fillingC. running; to fillD. ran; filling19. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _____ in all directions before he was sent _____ by his wife.A. flying; to sleepB. flying; sleepingC. to fly; to sleepingD. to fly; to sleep20. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _____ but the door _____.A. being on; shutB. burning; shuttingC. burning; shutD. on; shutting21. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes _____ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.A. fixedB. fixC. fixingD. to fix22. A doctor can expect _____ at any hour of the day or night.A. callingB. to callC. being calledD. to be called23. The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teacher’s question, _____ just a minute. So he’s usually the teacher’s pet.A. thoughtB. having thoughtC. and to thinkD. thinking24. The policeman came up to the lonely house with the door ____, ____ there for a while and then entered it.A. open; to standB. opening; stoodC. open; stoodD. opened; standing25. _____ along the quiet road at forty miles an hour, and then an old man suddenly started to cross the road in front of me.A. DrivingB. I was drivingC. Having drivenD. When I was driving26. Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had _____ was nowhere to be seen.A. repairingB. it repairedC. repairedD. to be repaired27. What did the librarian _____ out of the library?A. permit to takeB. forbid to be takenC. allow to takeD. insist being taken28. — Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn? — _____ the boring time.A. KillB. KillingC. To killD. Having killed29. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was __ the joy with all the Chinese.A. shareB. sharedC. having sharedD. about to share30. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend _____.A. playing withB. having played withC. with whom to play withD. with whom to play31. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of life.A. Seeing; frightenedB. Seeing; frighteningC. Seen; frightenedD. To see; frightening32. The competitor never dreamed of _____ for him to win the first prize in the 100-meter race.A. there was a chanceB. there being a chanceC. it being a chanceD. it was a chance33. _____ everything to go wrong in advance, and you won’t feel quite so bad when it does.A. Having expectedB. ExpectC. To expectD. Expecting34. — You _____ part in the party on time. — Sorry, I was delayed by the accident.A. are to takeB. have supposed to takeC. were to have takenD. supposed to take 35. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.A. When comparedB. To compareC. While comparingD. It compared36. _____ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself _____ at the party.A. Dressed; noticedB. Dressing; noticingC. Dressed; noticingD. Dressing; noticed37. The matter _____ your study surely requires _____ carefully.A. relating to; dealing withB. related to; dealt withC. related to; being dealt withD. relating to; having dealt with38. _____ made her parents worried a lot.A. Her not to come backB. Not her to come backC. Her not coming backD. Not her coming back39. Everything _____ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking40. He moved away from his parents and missed them _____ enjoy the exciting life in New York.A. much so as toB. very much toC. too much toD. enough to41. — What do you think of the plan? —It’s easier said than _____.A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD. to carry out42. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum (博鳌论坛)because they knew what _____ from the forum.A. to getB. to be gotC. gotD. getting43. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like _____to themselves. A. to introduce B. to be introduced C. introducingD. being introduced44. — Were you at home last Sunday? — Yeah! I devoted the whole day to _____ the English grammar.A. reviewB. reviewingC. be reviewedD. being reviewed45. Once _____ at the shop, you will be dismissed immediately.A. caught stealingB. caught to stealC. catching stealingD. to catch to steal46. Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying47. _____, John returned to school from his hometown.A. The summer vacation being overB. The summer vacation is overC. Because the summer vacation overD. After the summer vacation being over48. _____ she can’t come, who will do the work?A. SupposedB. SupposingC. Having supposedD. Being supposed。

第13讲动词不定式题型一不定式作状语的考查1.（江苏省连云港外国语学校2023-2024学年高三试题）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式to do表示“为了……”作目的状语，满足句意要求。

故填to assist。

3.（福建省宁德第一中学2023-2024学年高三检测试题）He used the ancient mortise and tenon technique (construct) the Turret of Palace Museum at a 1:81 mini-scale.【答案】to instruct【解析】考查非谓语动词。

句意：他运用古代的榫卯技术，按1：81的小比例雕刻了故宫的角楼。

非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。

故填to instruct。

4.（福建省宁德第一中学2023-2024学年高三检测试题）He used the ancient mortise and tenon technique ________ (construct) the Turret of Palace Museum at a 1:81 mini-scale.【答案】to instruct【解析】考查非谓语动词。

句意：他运用古代的榫卯技术，按1：81的小比例雕刻了故宫的角楼。

非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。

故填to instruct。

（河北省他的本科学习，以提高自己的知识。

非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。

故填to improve。

(take)for our decision and action.【答案】to take【解析】考查非谓语动词。

句意：我们也必须有足够的勇气为我们的决定和行动负责。

（完整版）非谓语动词——不定式讲解与练习非谓语动词的类型：不定式（infinitive）、动名词(gerund)、分词(participle)一、Infinitive: 不定式（一）Structure 结构：to doNegative 否定：not to doPassive voice 被动：to be done（二）在句中作的成分：6个——主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语1. 作主语Subject不定式作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。

It is adj. (for /of sb) to do sth.It is a pleasure/ an honor/ a pity to doIt takes/ took/ will take (sb) time to do2.表语PredicativeTo see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

3.宾语object下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。

主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。

decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help此外，afford, strive（斗争）等也要用不定式作宾语注意：think / consider/ find/ make/ feel + it (形式宾语) + adj. + to do 4.宾补Complementadvise, allow, ask, require, tell, order, want, persuade,beg,cause, encourage, expect, wish, forbid, permit, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, prefer, teach, warn, 等+ sb to do注意：当遇到下列动词时，不定式省略to：吾看三室两厅一感觉：五看（watch、see、look at、notice、observe）, 三使（let、make、have）,两听（listen to、hear）,一感觉（feel）以上动词(除了let、make)还可用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。

高中英语非谓语动词精讲精练—动词不定式动词不定式的构成动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。

动词不定式的句法作用:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

主语：不定式做主语，常常用it做形式主语，而把不定式放后面表语：多说情况下，不定式做表语，可转换为做主语宾语：只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语定语：不定式做定语，要放在修饰词的后面状语：不定式做状语，其逻辑主语要和主语一致动词不定式的形式变化：1. 不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。

如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.To take exercise every day is beneficial to health.To solve this problem in such a short seems impossible.To do that sort of thing is foolish.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。

如：①It＋be＋名词＋to doIt’s our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb+ some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.⑤It seems (appears) ＋形容词＋to do seem 常用句式为“It seems that …..”和“sb seems to do sth …..”表示“似乎、好像”的意思。

高中英语一轮复习非谓语动词专题---动词不定式完全解析与提升训练动名词具有名词、形容词、副词的作用，因而其能在句子中作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语、状语。

①不定式作主语不定式作主语相当于名词或代词的作用。

用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

不定式作主语通常用it作形式主语，而将不定式后置。

To learn English well is very difficult.=It is very difficult to learn English well.①不定式作宾语作动词的宾语不定式一般作动词的宾语。

如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将正的宾语后置。

I happen to know the answers to your questions.I find it impossible to change her idea.作介词的宾语不定式一般不作介词的宾语，而是需要加上疑问词，但except，but等介词后也可直接用动词不定式作宾语。

I’m worried about how to pass the exam.He has no choice but to leave.① 不定式作宾语补足语大多数及物动词后用带to的动词不定式作宾补。

He persuaded me not to smoke any more.常见跟带to的不定式作宾补的（短语）动词使役动词和感官动词用于主动语态时，作宾补的不定式省略to，但当这些词用于主动语态时to不可省略（let除外）。

My parents always make me do my homework before I get out.(在主动句中，用个“感官动词、使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式结构”)My friend was made to work for the whole night by the boss.（感官动词/使役动词用于被动结构时，需还原省略的不定式符号to）常见的感官动词和使役动词可以归纳为：一感（feel），二听（hear, listen to），三让（let, make, have），四看（see, watch, notice, look at）① 不定式作表语不定式作表语，表示主语的具体内容，如职业、职责或性质等，也可以表示目的、愿望等。