week 12 post_civil_war

美国1. The Legend of Sleeping Hallow is a short story written by ____.A James Fenimore CooperB Washington IrvingC Edgar Allan PoeD Mark TwainB.《睡谷的传说》（The Legend of Sleeping Hallow）是华盛顿.欧文短篇（Washington Irving）小说集《札记集》（The Sketch Book）中的一篇。

2. Which book is not written by Emerson?A The American ScholarB Self-RelianceC NatureD Civil DisobedienceD, 《论市民之不服从》是梭罗的作品。

其他全为爱默生的作品。

3. The finest example of Hawthorn‟s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in _____.A The Scarlet LetterB Young Goodman BrownC The Marble FawnD The Ambitious GuestA, 霍桑作品中的象征主义手法主要体现在他的著作《红字》中。

4. Captain, My Captain is written for _____.A LincolnB WhitmanC WashingtonD HemingwayA, 《阿，船长啊，我的船长！》是惠特曼为纪念林肯总统而作的。

7.All the following universities are located in New England EXCEPT____A YaleB HarvardC MITD BerkeleyD Berkeley（伯克利），是加利福尼亚大学分院，位于美国加利福尼亚西部。

【导语】2018年研究⽣考试英语⼀试题已陆续公布，考研频道⼩编将在第⼀时间为各位考⽣公布考研英语试题及答案信息，以下是⼩编为各位考⽣整理的2018考研英语⼀真题：阅读新题型相关内容，请各位考⽣查看如下： 以下是2018考研英语⼀阅读新题型源⽂： The Grounds Eisenhower Executive Office Building Originally built for the State, War and Navy Departments between 1871 and 1888, the Eisenhower Executive Office Building now houses a majority of offices for White House staff. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building is located next to the West Wing, and houses a majority of offices for White House staff. Originally built for the State, War and Navy Departments between 1871 and 1888, the EEOB is an impressive building that commands a unique position in both our national history and architectural heritage. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury Alfred Mullett, the granite, slate and cast iron exterior makes the EEOB one of America’s best examples of the French Second Empire style of architecture. It took 17 years for Mullett’s masterpiece to finally be completed. History Next door to the White House, the Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both our national history and architectural heritage. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country. In bold contrast to many of the somber classical revival buildings in Washington, the EEOB’s flamboyant style epitomizes the optimism and exuberance of the post-Civil War period. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation’s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century — the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation’s most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed on sites flanking the White House between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building to the northeast of the White House. The State Department then moved to the D.C. Orphan Asylum Building while the War and Navy Departments continued to make do with their cramped quarters to the west of the White House. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished in 1888, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas. Completed in 1875, the State Department’s south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary’s office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marqetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary. The Indian Treaty Room, originally the Navy’s library and reception room, cost more per square foot than any other room in the building because of its rich marble wall panels, tiled floors, 800-pound bronze sconces, and gold leaf ornamentation. This room has been the scene of many Presidential news conferences and continues to be used for conferences and receptions attended by the President. The remaining north, west, and center wings were constructed for the War Department and took an additional 10 years to build. Notable interiors include an ornate cast-iron library, the Secretary’s suite, and the stained glass skylight over the west wing’s double staircase. Many of our most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B.Johnson,Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming President. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. President Herbert Hoover occupied the Secretary of Navy’s office for a few months following a fire in the Oval Office on Christmas Eve 1929. In recent history, President Richard Nixon had a private office here. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was the first in a succession of Vice Presidents to the present day that have had offices in the building. Gradually, the original tenants of the EEOB vacated the building – the Navy Department left in 1918 (except for the Secretary who stayed until 1921), followed by the War Department in 1938, and finally by the State Department in 1947. The White House began to move some of its offices across West Executive Avenue in 1939, and in 1949 the building was turned over to the Executive Office of the President and renamed the Executive Office Building. The building continues to house various agencies that comprise the Executive Office of the President, such as the White House Office, the Office of the Vice President, the Office of Management and Budget, and the National Security Council. The French Second Empire style originated in Europe, where it first appeared during the rebuilding of Paris in the 1850s and 60s. Based upon French Renaissance prototypes, such as the Louvre Palace, the Second Empire style is characterized by the use of a steep mansard roof, central and end pavilions, and an elaborately sculptured facade. Its sophistication appealed to visiting foreigners, especially in England and America, where as early as the late 1850s, architects began adopting isolated features and, eventually, the style as a coherent whole. Alfred Mullett’s interpretation of the French Second Empire style was, however, particularly Americanized in its lack of an ornate sculptural program and its bold, linear details. While it was only a project on the drafting table, the design of the EEOB was subject to controversy. When it was completed in 1888, the Second Empire style had fallen from favor, and Mullett’s masterpiece was perceived by capricious Victorians as only an embarrassing reminder of past whims in architectural preference. This was especially the case with the EEOB, since previous plans for a building on the same site had been in the Greek Revivial style of the Treasury Building. In 1917, the Commission of Fine Arts requested John Russell Pope to prepare sketches of the State, War, and Navy building that incorporated Classical facades. During the same year, Washington architect Waddy B. Wood completed a drawing depicting the building remodeled to resemble the Treasury Building. This project was revived in 1930 when Congress appropriated $3 million for its construction. Wood worked for 3 years on the design to remove the granite walls and replace them with marble, but the project was shelved due to financial burdens imposed by the Great Depression. In 1957, President Eisenhower‘s Advisory Committee on Presidential Office Space recommended demolition of the Executive Office Building and construction of a modern office facility. However, the public outcry, and the overwhelming expenses associated with the demolition, saved the building. The building has not been without detractors. It has been referred to as Mullett’s “architectural infant asylum” by writer Henry Adams. President Harry S. Truman came to the defense of the building when it was threatened by demolition in 1958. He said it was “the greatest monstrosity in America”. Noted architectural historian Henry-Russell Hitchcock, however described it as “perhaps the best extant example in America of the second empire.” The building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1969. In 1972, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites. Since 1981, the Office of Administration of the Executive Office of the President has actively pursued a rigorous program of rehabilitation of the EEOB. The entire structure has benefited from an upgraded maintenance program that has also included restoration of some of the EEOB’s most spectacular historic interiors. In 1988, Congress enacted legislation to allow the Office of Administration to accept gifts and loans from the public on behalf of the EEOB to be used for preservation and restoration purposes. Persons interested in finding out more about the preservation program or in making a contribution should contact the Preservation Office. Facts Architectural Style: French Second Empire Construction Dates: 1871 – 1888 (17 years total) Supervising Architects: Alfred Mullett (1869-1874), William Potter (1875-1875), Orville Babcock (1875-1877), Thomas Lincoln Casey (1877-1888) Chief Designer: Richard Ezdorf Total Cost: $10,038,482.42 Total Building Area: 662,598 GSF (15.21 acres or 11 1/2 football fields) Number of Levels: Basement, Ground, Floors 1 through 5 Original Number of Rooms: 553 Exterior Columns: 900 Original Interior Doors: 1,314 Original Exterior Windows: 1,572 Bronze Stair Balusters: 4,004 Number of Steps: 1,784 (76 less than the Empire State Building with 1,860 steps) Number of Stairs: 65 Total Corridor Length: 9,160′-1″ or 1.73 miles (2.793 kilometers) Number of Original Fireplaces: 151 (83 remain) https:///about-the-white-house/eisenhower-executive-office-building/。

美国文学习题与练习Week 2:Jonathan Edwards, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”:1. What is the purpose of Edwards in delivering the sermon?2. Who are the sinners?3. What is the significance of the essay against the cultural background ofPuritanism?Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography:1. What kind of life style does Franklin advocate? Do you share his principles?2. Do you agree with the idea that Franklin’s principles are universal?3. Why does Franklin NOT list “piety” as one of the virtues?4. What do you think of Franklin’s emphasis on material success?5. What role does Franklin’s autobiography play in the pioneering experience?6. How can you translate Franklin’s principles into Chinese?Week 3:Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”:1. What does Emerson think of man in his time? How should a man behave,according to Emerson?2. Why does Emerson ask us to accept the place the divine providence has foundfor us? How does Emerson perceive the relationship between man and God?3. How does Emerson perceive the relationship between an individual andsociety/others?4. How does Emerson perceive the relationship between man and nature?5. What role does Emerson’s essay play in the spirit of American Romanticism?6. Can you share Emerson’s optimism about ma n?7. What Chinese philosopher does Emerson find affinity with?Week 4:Edgar Allan Poe, “The Raven”:1. How does the speaker’s mood change throughout the poem?2. Why is the word “nevermore” repeated again and again?3. What musical devices does the poet use in the poem?4. What do you think of Poe’s philosophy of composition?Week 5:Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Minister’s Black Veil”:1.What does the veil symbolize?2.Why does the minister wear the veil?3.Do you think the minister is an evil or good character?4.How is the theme of the individual’s isolation from society represented in thestory?5.How do you understand the following sentence—“I look around me, and lo!On every visage a black veil!”?6.What attitude toward religion can you find in the story?7.How does Hawthorne view the relationship between human beings?Week 6:Walt Whitman,“Calvary Crossing the Ford”:1. What is the significance of the use of colors?2. What mood can you find in the poem?“When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer”:1. How does the speaker respond to the astronomer’s lecture and the silence ofthe night?2. What relationship between nature and science can you find in the poem?What is the attitude of the poet toward nature and science?“Come Up from the Fields, Father”:1. How does the description of the harvest season set off the theme of thepoem?2. In what way is this poem similar or different from other literary piecesabout the Civil War?Week 7:Emily Dickinson,“Because I could not stop for Death—”1. What is the significance of the journey experience (lines 9-12)?2.“I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—”1. What does the image of the fly signify?2. How do you understand the two “sees” in the line “I could not see to see”?“Essential Oils—are Wrung—”1. Why does Dickinson say that the attar is “the gift of Screws” (line 4)?2. How is the poem related to the artistic creation of the poet?Week 8:Mark Twain, “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”:1. What realistic elements can you find in this story?2. What role does language play in the story?3. How is the story narrated?Week 9:Jack London, “The Law of Life”:1. What is the law of life? How does Old Koskoosh view it?2. How is death represented in the story?3. How is Darwin’s theory of evolution influence the story?Week 10:Ezra Pound, “In a Station of the Metro”:1. How is the central image in the poem related to the subject the poet intends topresent?2. In what way do you think the Imagists learned from the ancient Chinesepoetry?3. What disadvantages can you find with the Imagist theory?Week 11:May Day holidayWeek 12:Robert Frost,“Mending Wall”:1. What does the wall possibly symbolize?2. Why does the poet say that the wall stays always where we do not need it(line 23)?3. How do you understand “Something there is that doesn’t love a wall” (line1)?4. How do you understand “Good fences make good neighbors” (lines 27, 45)?5. How do you understand “He moves in darkness” (line 41)?6. What do we wall in and what do we wall out?7. Can we do away with all walls?8. What is the speaker’s attitude toward mending wall?9. What does the wall symbolize?10. What are the outstanding musical devices?“The Road Not Taken”:1. What is the significance of the title of the poem?2. What decision does the speaker make at the entrance of the forest?3. How does the speaker view the choice that he has made?“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”:1. Why is the last line repeated?2. In what way does the rhyming scheme add to the lyric quality of the poem? Week 13:Ernest Hemingway, “A Clean, Well-lighted Place”:1. In what ways do the two waiters differ?2. What does the title of the story mean?3. What is the significance of the ga rbled Lord’s prayer?4. What is the meaning of “nada”? What is the writer’s intention of replacingmany words in the prayers with “nada”?5. Why does the writer not give the names of the characters?6. How can you distinguish the two waiters?7. Why does this place have to be clean and well-lighted? What do cleanlinessand brightness represent?8. What is the historical background of the story?Week 14:William Faulkner, “A Rose for Emily”:1. Why is Emily’s House the most appropriate setting for the st ory? Discuss theways in which Faulkner uses Miss Emily’s house as an appropriate setting.2. Why does Faulkner use this particular narrator? Is this narrator reliable? Doesthe sex of the narrator affect the telling of the story?3. What is the disadvantage of taking Emily as a symbol of the post-Civil-WarSouth?4. How do you explain Emily’s behavior? What is the writer’s attitude towardEmily?5. How does this story handle the linked themes of female oppression andempowerment? What does it say about the various kinds of male-femalerelationships in American society of this period?Week 15:Eugene O’Neill, Desire Under the Elms1. What is the central conflict in the play?2. What do the big elm trees symbolize?3. How is the subject of “desire” represented in the play? “Desire” over what?Does each character have a different desire?4. What is the relationship between the characters in application of Freudianpsychoanalysis?5. Why does Abbie marry Ephraim? Why does she kill the baby?6. What is the relationship between Abbie and Eben in the first half of the play?How does this relationship change in the second half?7. Does this play remind you of any Chinese play? In what ways are theysimilar?Weeks 16-17:J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye:1. symbol. What is the meaning of the title of the novel? Where does it comefrom? How do you understand it?2. growth of a child. How do you understand the pain in the growth of a child?What kind of experience does he/she have to go through?3. attitudes. What is Holden’s attitude towards museums and the exhibits? Whatis his attitude towards death?4. childhood vs. adulthood. How is adulthood portrayed in the eyes of a child?What are some of the words that Holden uses frequently to describe the people around him? What are their meanings?5. journey as a motif. How do you comment on the journey that Holden takes?Comment on the function of the journey motif. (You may find it useful to compare this novel with Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus, or other novels with the journey motif.6. How do you interpret Mr. Antolini’s behavior?7. What is Holden’s attitude toward sex?8. What is the function of Phoebe in the novel?9. What is the function of D. B. in the novel?10. What is most likely to occur to Holden after the end of the novel?。

American Literature1.What is Transcendentalism?In New England, an intellectual movement known as transcendentalism developed as an American version of Romanticism. The movement began among an influential set of authors based in Concord, Massachusetts, and was led by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Like Romanticism, Transcendentalism rejected both 18th-century rationalism and established religion, which for the transcendentalists meant the Puritan tradition in particular. Instead, the transcendentalists celebrated the power of the human imagination to commune with the universe and transcend the limitations of the material world. The transcendentalists found their chief source of inspiration in nature. Emerson\ essay M加沧(1836) was the first major document of the transcendental school and stated the ideas that were to remain central to it. His other key transcendentalist works include The American Sc/zo/d厂(1837)，a volume in which he addressed the intellectual's duty to culture, and Self-Reliance( 1841), an essay in which he asserted the importance of being true to one's nature.2.What is Puritanism?The word Puritanism is originally used to refer the theology advocated by a party within the Church of England. The term Puritanism is also used in a broader sense to refer to attitudes and values considered characteristic of the Puritans. It has been employed to denote a rigid moralism, or the condemnation 谴责of innocent pleasure, or religious narrowness adhered by the early New England Puritans. The American Puritanism as cultural heritage exerted great influence over American moral values. And this Puritan influence over American Romanticism was conspicuously noticeable. The American Puritans accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.3.What is Free verse ?Free Verse, is the rhymed or unrhymed poetry composed without attention to conventional rules of meter. Free verse is used to deliver poetry free from the restrictions of formal metrical patterns and to re-create instead the free rhythms of natural speech.Pointing to the American poet Walt Whitman as their precursor, they wrote lines of varying length and cadence 节奏,usually not rhymed. The emotional content or meaning of the work was expressed through its rhythm. Free verse has been characteristic of the work of many modern American poets, including Ezra Pound, and Carl Sandburg.4.What is Local Colorism?Post-Civil War America was large and diverse(various enough to sense its own local difference. Regional voices had emerged from newly settled territories in the South and tothe west of the Appalachan. Local colorism is a unique variation of the American literary realism. Generally, the works by local colorists are concerned with the life of a small, well-defined region. This kind of fiction depicts the characters from a specified setting or of an era, which are marked by its customs, dialects, landscape, or other peculiarities that have escaped standardizing cultural influence.What is naturalism?5.In literature, the term refers to the theory that literary composition should aim at adetached, scientific objectivity in the treatment of natural man. The movement is an outgrowth of 19,h-century scientific thought, following in general the biological determinism of Darwin's theory, or the economic determinism of Karl Marx. Artistically, naturalistic writings are usually unpolished in language, lacking in academic skills and unwieldy in structure. Philosophically, the naturalists believe that the real and true is always partially hidden from the individual, or beyond his control and that men are controlled and conditioned by heredity, instinct, chance and above all environmen匸Notable writers of naturalistic fiction were Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Sherwood Anderson and Theodore Dreiser.6.What is "stream-of-consciousness^?Stream of consciousness is a term coined by William James in his The Principles of Psychology to describe the flow of thoughts of the waking mind. Now it is widely used in a literary context to describe the unspoken thoughts and feelings of the characters, without resorting(jiezhu) to objective description or conventional dialogue. It was adapted and developed by Joyce, V. Woolf, and others. The ability to represent the flux of a character^ thought, impressions, emotions, or reminiscences, often without logical sequence or syntax, marked a revolution in the form of novel at that time.7.What is the Lost Generation?The Lost Generation refers to the disillusioned(awaken) intellectuals and artists of the years following the First World War, who rebelled against former ideals and values but could replace them only by despair of a cynical hedonism. The remark of Gertrude Stein, "You are a lost generation/5 addressed to Hemingway, was used as a preface to the latter novel The Sun also Rises, which brilliantly describes those expatriates(yimin) who had cut themselves off from their past in America in order to create new types of writing.8.What is Black Humor?Black humor is a type of modern humor that is caused by anger. It often describes gruesome events, which are normally associated with pleasant occasions, thus producing the congruous effect for hum or. Black humor attacks on social mores through shocking language and offensive imagery. Black humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. In this meaningless world, according to Black Humorists, man's fate is decided by incomprehensive powers. We can't do anything about it; therefore wemay as well laugh. Sardonic and imaginative 20lh-century American writers often used the novel to ridicule society. Such novelists as Thomas Pynchon, John Barth, and Kurt Vonnegut, came to be known as the black humorists, because of their darkly comic writings.9.What is the Beat Generation?Beat Generation is a group of American writers of the 1950s whose writing expressed profound dissatisfaction with contemporary American society and endorsed an alternative set of values. They rejected traditional forms and sought expression in the beatific illumination. The term sometimes is used to refer to those who embraced the ideas of these writers. The Beat Generation's best-known figures were writers Allen Ginsberg, Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Jack Kerouac.10.What are the thematic concerns and the artistic characteristics of Emily Dickinsorfspoetry?Emily Dickinson is America's best-known female poet. Her poetry covers the issues vital to humanity, which include religion, death, immortality, love, and nature. Her poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines. In her poetry, there is a particular stress pattern, in which dashes are used as a musical device to create cadence and capital letters as a means of emphasis. A master of imagery that makes the spiritual materialize in surprising ways, Dickinson managed manifold variations within her simple form. Due to her deliberate seclusion, her poems tend to be very personal and meditative.Dickinsonpoetry, despite its ostensibleobvious formal simplicity, is remarkable for its variety, subtlety and richness; and her limited private world have never confined the limitless power of her creativity and imagination.11.Discuss the character of Huck in Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.And what is the social significance of the novel?The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is considered a masterpiece of Mark Twain. The book is the story of the title character, known as Huck, a boy who flees his father by rafting down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave, Jim. The climax arises with Huck's inner struggle in the Mississippi, when Huck is polarized by the two opposing forces between his heart and his head, between for Jim and the laws of the society against those who help slaves escape. With the eventual victory of his moral conscience over his social awareness, Huck grows- Huckleberry Finn, which is almost entirely narrated from Huck's point of view, is noted for its authentic language and for its deep commitment to freedom. Huck's adventures also provide the reader with a panorama of American life along the Mississippi before the Civil War. The readers are impressed by Twain's thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.12.Briefly discuss the question from THREE of the following aspects: the setting, thelanguage, the character (s) , the theme and the style.A.Setting: In the novel Mark Twain recreates a small-town world of America and presents the local color.nguage: He uses simple, direct language faithful to the colloquial speech, the vernacular (native)language of the local people.C.Character (s) : The author recreates two rebels and fugitives(taowangzhe) running away from civilization, especially Huckleberry Finn, an innocent boy who refuses to accept the conventional village morality.D.Theme: The novel is a criticism of social injustice, hypocrisy, conservativeness and narrow-mindedness of the American small town society.E.Style: The novel employs a humorous style of narration and is also highly symbolic with the central symbol.13.What is the feature of the main character in W. Faulkner^s A Rose far Emily?A Rose for Emily is Faulkner's first short story published in 1930・ Set in the town of Jefferson in Yoknapatawpha, the story focuses on Emily, an eccentric spinster who refused to accept the passage of time, or the inevitable change and loss that accompanies it. As a descendent of the Southern aristocracy, Emily is typical of those in Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha stories that are the symbols of the Old Deep South but the prisoners of the past. The deformed (disabled)personality and abnormality Emily demonstrates Faulkner^ point of view that by alienating oneself from reality, a person is bound to be a tragedy. Emily is regarded as the symbol of tradition and the old way of life. Thus her death parallels with the decline of the Old South.14.William Faulkner, a Nobel Prize winner, has an important position in Americanliterature. Do you know anything about u Yoknapatawpha County?” What are his artistic achievements?a Yoknapatawpha County is an imagined place based on Faulkner's own hometown, a place that he took for the setting of 15 of his 19 novels and many short stories. This small region in the American South becomes in Faulkner's fiction an allegory or a parable of the Old Deep South.b. The Sound and the Fury, his masterpiece, is an account of the tragic downfall of the Compson family. The novel uses four different narrative voices to piece together the story and thus challenges the reader by presenting a fragmented plot told from multiple points of view. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1949- Faulkner especially was interested in multigenerational family chronicles, and many characters appear in more than one book; this gives the Yoknapatawpha County saga a sense of continuity that makes the area and its inhabitants seem real.15.What are the stylistic features of Hemingwaynovels?Hemingway^s novels are mainly concerned with "tough" people, known for the Hemingway hero of athletic prowess(weili) and masculinity(male) and unyielding(never give up) heroism, whose essential courage and honesty are implicitly (implied)contrasted with the brutality of civilized society. He deals with a limited range of chatacters in quite similar circumstance and measures them against an unvarying code, known as "grace under pressure'： which is actually an attitude towards life that Hemingway had been trying to demonstrate in his works. In the general situation of his novels, life is but a losing battle; however, it is also a struggle man can demonstrate in such a way that loss becomes dignity; man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually.Hemingway once said, "The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eight of it being above water/5 Typical of this "iceberg" analogy (leisi)is Hemingway's style: Hemingway's economical writing style often seems simple, but his method iscalculated(right qiadangde). In his writing, Hemingway provided detached descriptions of action, using simple nouns and verbs to capture scenes precisely. By doing so he avoided describing his character^ emotions and thoughts directly. Hemingway was deeply concerned with authenticity in writing. Besides, Hemingway develops the style of colloquialism initiatied by Mark Twain. The accents and mannerisms(special habit) of human speech are well presented, and the use of short, simple words and sentences has an effect of clearness, terseness and great care.16.What is the theme and the major character in F.S. Fitzgerald，s The Great Gatsby? Considered as Fitzgerald^ finest work, The Great Gatsby, written in crisp, concise prose and told by Nick Carraway, a satiric yet sympathetic narrator, it is the story of Jay Gatsby, a young American from the Midwest. Gatsby becomes a bootlegger in order to attain the wealth and lavish way of life he feels are necessary to win the love of Daisy, a married, upper-class woman who had once rejected him. The story ends tragically with Gatsby's destruction. The book deals with the bankruptcy of the protagonists' personal dreams due to the clashes between their romantic vision of life and the sordid reality.The hero of the novel, Gatsby, is the last of romantic heroes, whose energy and sense of commitment takes him in search of his person grail. Gatsby's failure magnifies to a great extent the end of the American dream. The protagonist's pursuit of his dream only proves to be nothing but an illusion. Nevertheless, the affirmation of hope and expectation is self-asserted in the characters.17.What does the term Catch-22 refer to?Catch-22 is a darkly comic and wildly inventive novel by Joseph Heller about the insanity of war and the absurdity of military authority. The novel is a leading example of the black-humor movement in American fiction. Catch-22 features the airman Yossarian as the hero and moral center of a satirical depiction of life in the army. Yossarian is portrayed as one of the last rational people in an insane war. In the novel, the absurdities of military life are represented by the regulation "Catch-22：The regulation, which prevents airmen from escaping service in bombing missions by pleading insanity, states that any airman rational enough to want to be grounded cannot possibly be insane and therefore is fit to fly. The term has now become part of English vocabulary, referring to a problematic situation for which the only solution is denied by a circumstance inherent in the problem or by a rule.What is Robert Frosts nature poem?Robert Frost, American poet, known for his verse concerning New England life. He learned the familiar conventions of nature poetry from his predecessors, and made the colloquial New England speech into a poetic expression. A poem so conceived thus becomes a symbol or metaphor, a careful, loving exploration of reality. Images or symbols in his poems are drawn from the simple country life. However, profound ideas are delivered under the disguise of the plain language and the simple form, for what Frost did is to take symbols from the limited human world and the pastoral landscape to refer to the great world beyond the rustic scene. These thematic concerns include the terror and tragedy in nature, as well as its beauty, and the loneliness and poverty of the isolated human being. In short, the nature poems demonstrate Frosts love of life and his belief in a serenity that comes from the common experience.27what are the characteristics of modern American literature?In general terms, much serious literature written from 20th century onwards attempted to convey a vision of social breakdown and moral decay and the writers? task was to develop technique that could represent a break with the past. Thus the defining formal characteristics of the modernistic works are discontinuity and fragmentation. An awareness of the irrational and the workings of the unconscious mind are pervasive in much modernist writing. Technically, modernism was marked by a persistent experimentalism. It rejected the traditional framework of narrative, description, and rational exposition in poetry and prose, in favor of a stream・of -consciousness presentation of personality, a dependence on the poetic image as the essential vehicle of aesthetic communication, and upon myth as a characteristic structural principle. Compared with earlier writings, modern American writings are notable for what they omit: the explanations, interpretations, connections, and summaries. There are shifts in perspective, voice, and tone, but the biggest shift is from the external to the internal, from the public to the private, from the chronological to the psychic, from the objective description to the subjective projection.29 What is the Harlem Renaissance?The Harlem Renaissance was an African American cultural movement of the late 1920s and early 1930s that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. It marked the first time that African American literature attracted significant attention. No comm.on style or ideology defined the Harlem Renaissance, but the poets, novelists, political essayists, and dramatists who participated in the endeavor shared a commitment to giving artistic expression to the African American experience・ They also shared a strong sense of racial pride and a desire to better the social and economic situation of blacks. Major prose writers in the movement were historian and sociologist W.E .DuBois, and writer Langston Hughes. Hills Like White Elephants。

2023年自考专业(英语)《英美文学选读》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】The childhood of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in the Mississippi is a record of a vanished way of life in the( )Mississippi valleyA.pre - War of IndependenceB.post - War of IndependenceC.pre - Civil WarD.post - Civil War2.【单选题】( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th —century “stream— of —consciousness ” novels and the founder of psychological realism.A.Theodore DreiserB.William FaulknerC.Henry JamesD.Mark Twain3.【单选题】William Faulkner set most of his works in the American( ),with his emphasis on the( )subjects and consciousness.A.North...NorthernB.East...EasternC.West...WesternD.South...Southern4.【单选题】Among the following writers( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th - century “stream - of - consciousness ” novels and the founder of psychological realism.A. T. S. EliotB.James JoyceC.William FaulknerD.Henry James5.【单选题】In 1950,one of the leading American writers( )was awarded the Nobel Prize for the anti-racist Intruder in the Dust.A.Robert FrostB.Theodore DreiserC.William FaulknerD.Fitzgerald6.【单选题】The attitude towards life that( )had been trying to demonstrate in his works is known as “grace under pressure ”.A.William FaulknerB.Theodore DreiserC.Ernest HemingwayD.F·Scott Fitzgerald7.【单选题】The Portrait of A Lady is generally considered to be( )masterpiece,which describes the life journey of an American( )in a European cultural environment.A.Henry Adams’…widowB.William James ’…girlC.Henry James’…girlD.Theodore Dreiser ’s…widow8.【单选题】“My last Duchess ” is a poem that best exemplifies Robert Browning ’s( ).A.sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB.excellent choice of wordsC.mastering of the metrical devicese of the dramatic monologue9.【单选题】Most literary critics think that Fitzgerald is both an insider and an outsider of( )with a double vision.A.the Jazz AgeB.the Age of Reason and RevolutionC.the Babybooming AgeD.the Post- Modern Age10.【单选题】Robert Frost is generally considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in( ).A.the westB.the southC.AlaskaD.New England11.【单选题】Ezra Pound,a leading spokesman of the “( ) ”,was one of the most important poets in his time.A.Imagist MovementB.Cubist MovementC.Reformist MovementD.Transcendentalist Movement12.【单选题】What he had done is _______A.valueB.of valuableC.of no valueD.of no valuable13.【单选题】That is the house _______ you can enjoy the scenery.A. in thatB.thatC.whichD.from which14.【单选题】In the original test，all the animals in a test group are given a substance _______ half of them dieA.unlessB.untilC.lestD.provided15.【单选题】“The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one- eighth of it being above water. ” This “iceberg ” analogy is put forward by( ).A.Mark TwainB.Ezra PoundC.William FaulknerD.Ernest Hemingway16.【单选题】The Financier,The Titan and The Stoic by Theodore Dreiser are called his “Trilogy of( ). ”A.HatredB.DeathC.DesireD.Fate17.【单选题】“The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one -eighth of it being abov e water. ” This “iceberg ” analogy about prose style was put forward by( ).A.William FaulknerB.Henry JamesC.Ernest HemingwayD.F· Scott Fitzgerald18.【单选题】William Faulkner once said that( )is a story of “lost innocence, ” which proves itself to be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A.The Great GatsbyB.The Sound and the FuryC.Absalom,Absalom!D.Go Down,Moses19.【单选题】The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and,especially,its sequence( )proved themselves to be the milestone in the American literature.A.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB.Life on the MississippiC.The Gilded AgeD.Roughing It20.【单选题】The teacher told us the fact _______.A.which the earth moves around the sunB.that the earth moved around the sunC.that the sun moves around the earthD.that the earth moves around the sun第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】The( )Age of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.A.LostB.JazzC.ReasonD.Gilded2.【单选题】Some persons gain goal and direction from their tensions;others________ under pressure.A.fall outB.fall apartC.fall back onD.fall in with3.【单选题】Greatly and permanently affected by the( )experiences,Hemingway formed his own writing style,together with his theme and hero.A.miningB.farmingC.warD.sailing4.【单选题】Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see how the Prime Minister ________ the crisis.A.handlesB.conductsC.observesD.directs5.【单选题】In Go Down,Moses,( )illuminates the problem of black and white in Southern society as a closeknit destiny of blood brotherhood.A.William FaulknerB.Jack LondonC.Herman MelvilleD.Nathaniel Hawthorne6.【单选题】In most of his writings,( )deliberately broke up the chronology of his narrative by juxtaposing the past with the present,in the way the montage does in a movie.A.Walt WhitmanB.William FaulknerC.Ernest HemingwayD. Fitzgerald7.【单选题】The effect of Darwinist idea of “survival of the fittest ” was shattering in() ’s fictional world of jungle,where “kill or to be killed ” was the law.A.Mark TwainB.Henry JamesC.Theodore DreiserD.Walt Whitman8.【单选题】In 1950,( )was awarded the Nobel Prize for the anti-racist Intruder in the Dust.A.William FaulknerB.Robert FrostC.Ezra PoundD.Ernest Hemingway9.【单选题】Eugene O’Neill ’s first full — length play,( ),won him the first Pulitzer theme is the choice between life and death,the interaction of subjective and objective factors.A.Bound East for CardiffB.The Hairy ApeC.Desire Under the ElmsD.Beyond the Horizon10.【单选题】Now many major employers are beginning to demand _______ the completion of schoolA.more thanB.rather thanC.other thanD.better than11.【单选题】It was his masterpiece The Great Gatsby that made( )one of the greatest American novelists.A. FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerC.Ernest HemmingwayD.Gertrude Steinbeck12.【单选题】Man is a “victim of forces over which he has no control. ” This is a notion held strongly by( ).A.Robert FrostB.Theodore DreiserC.Henry JamesD.Hamlin Garland13.【单选题】Mark Twain’s particular concern about the local character of a region came about as “local colorism, ” a unique va riation of American literary( ).A.romanticismB.nationalismC.modernismD.realism14.【单选题】Nobody but you _______ what he said.A. agrees withB.agrees outC.agree withD.agree to15.【单选题】In 1920,( )published his first novel This Side of Paradise which was,to some extent,his own story.A.F·Scott FitzgeraldB.Ernest HemingwayC.William FaulknerD.Emily Dickinson16.【单选题】considered( ) “the true father of our national literature ”.A.Bret HarteB.Mark TwainC.Washington IrvingD.Walt Whitman17.【单选题】At the age of eighty -seven,( )read his poetry at the inauguration of President John in 1961.A.Robert FrostB.Walt WhitmanC.Ezra Pound18.【单选题】Unlike his contemporaries in the early 20th century,( )did not break up with the poetic tradition nor made any experiment on form.A.Walt WhitmanB.Robert FrostC.Ezra Pound19.【单选题】Which of the following statements is NOT true of Emily Dickinson and her poetry?A.She remained unmarried all her lifeB.She wrote,1,775 poems,and most of them were published during her life time.C.Her poems have no titles,hence are always quoted by their first lines.D.Her limited private world has never confined the limitless power of her creativity and imagination.20.【单选题】Mark Twain employed an unpretentious style of( )in his novels which is best described as “vernacular ”.A.standard EnglishB.Afro-American EnglishC.colloquialismD.urbanism第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：C本题解析：马克吐温是以为地方主义作家，他的作品主题是密西西比河流域和美国的西部。

小学下册英语第二单元全练全测(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The _____ (校园) is large and green.2.The bus arrives at ______ (ten) o'clock.3.The ______ (蟋蟀) is often heard at night.4.I enjoy visiting the ________ (历史博物馆).5.What is the capital of Iceland?A. OsloB. ReykjavikC. HelsinkiD. Copenhagen答案:B6.Oceans are deeper than ________.7.I enjoy playing with my ________ (拼图游戏) on weekends.8.The _____ (teacher/student) is helpful.9.I can create art with my ________ (玩具).10.The capital of Oman is ________ (阿曼的首都是________).11.The __________ can reveal the history of the Earth's geological formations.12. A reaction that releases energy is called an ______ reaction.13.The children are _____ in the sandbox. (playing)14.The _______ can be a source of food and shelter.15.Kites fly high due to _______ and lift.16.What do you call the act of making something look nice?A. DecoratingB. DesigningC. BeautifyingD. Arranging答案: A17.The playground has many ______ (slides).18.We are going to the ______. (zoo)19.Plants need __________ (阳光) to grow well.20.He is very ___. (smart)21.My sister is _____ (高).22.He is a firefighter, ______ (他是一名消防员), saving lives every day.23. A ____ can often be found resting in the shade.24.The ________ (地图) shows us where to go.25.The tiger roars loudly in the _________ (丛林).26. A bee collects ______ from flowers.27.I enjoy making ________ (贺卡) for special occasions.28.My favorite activity is ______ (打乒乓球).29.The _____ (fireworks) are colorful.30. A rabbit has sharp ______ (牙齿) for chewing.31. A combustion reaction produces ______ and water.32.They are _____ (sitting) on the grass.33.The unit of measure for chemical concentration is ______ per liter.34. A strong base has a pH value that is ________ than35.I like to collect ________ from different places.36.Which fruit is known for having seeds on the outside?A. BananaB. StrawberryC. KiwiD. Blueberry答案: B37.My sister loves to play ____ (soccer) after school.38.My aunt has a beautiful ________ (玫瑰花园) that attracts many ________ (蜜蜂).39.What is the capital of Guinea?A. ConakryB. NzérékoréC. KankanD. Kindia答案: A40.The narwhal has a long ________________ (牙).41.We have ___ (fun) at the party.42. A __________ is a mixture that can be separated by filtration.43.I dream of going to ________ (太空) one day.44.The _____ (土壤质量) affects plant growth significantly.45.The ancient Greeks established the concept of _______ democracy.46.I want to _____ (go/stay) at home.47.She is _____ (riding) a bike.48.My sister loves to learn about ____.49.__________ are used in the paper industry.50.I love to draw pictures of _____ in my sketchbook.51. Wall is one of the most famous ________ (地标). The Grea52.The _____ (路) leads to the park.53.When I go to the movies, I like to bring my favorite ________ (玩偶) along.54. A _______ (金鱼) can be orange, yellow, or white.55.The ancient Greeks believed in the power of ________.56.My ________ (玩具名称) is a soft pillow.57. A molecule that is formed from the combination of two or more elements is called a ______.58.The owl is silent when it _______ (飞行).59.How many legs does an insect have?A. SixB. EightC. FourD. Two答案: A60.My _____ (爸爸) builds model airplanes in his free time. 我爸爸在空闲时间搭建模型飞机。

1.The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England areChristopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare and ______________.A．John Milton B．John MarloweC．Ben Jonson D．Edmund Spenser2.―To be, or not to be—that is the question‖is a line takenfrom______________.A．Hamlet B．Othello C．King Lear D．The Merchant of Venice3.Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism inthat ______________.A．the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression of an individual’s feeling and experiencesB．the former is heavily religious but the latter secularC．the former is an intellectual movement, the purpose of which is to arouse the middle class for political rights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivationD．the former advocates the ―return to nature‖ whereas the latter turns to the ancient Greek and Roman writers for its models.4.The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concernedwith the search for ______________.A．material wealth B．spiritual salvationC．universal truth D．self- fulfillment5.Alexander Pope strongly advocated ______________ , emphasizingthat literary works should be judged by rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.A．Sentimentalism B．Romanticism C．Idealism D．Neoclassicism6.It is generally regarded that Keats’ s most important and mature poemsare in the form of ______.A．ode B．elegy C．epic D．sonnet 7.______ is the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist, with_______ as his encyclopedia – like masterpiece.A．James Joyce, Ulysses B．E.M. Foster, A Passage to IndiaC．D.H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers D．Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway8.The literary form which is fully developed and the most flourishingduring the Romantic Period is ______________.A．prose B．drama C．novelD．poetry9.Which of the following poems by T.S. Eliot is hailed as a landmarkand a model of the 20th century English poetry?A．Poems 1909-1925 B．The Hollow ManC．Prufrock and Other Observations D．The Waste Land 10.―My last Duchess‖ is a poem that best exemplifies Robert Browning’s______________.A．sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB．excellent choice of wordsC．mastering of the metrical devicesD．use of the dramatic monologue11.O f the below poets, has not been awarded Poet Laureate.A. William WordsworthB. Thomas GrayC. Alfred TennysonD. Ben Jonson12.O f the following literary giants, is not of Irish origin.A. George Bernard ShawB. William Butler YeatsC. T.S.EliotD. James Joyce13.______ is the essence of the Renaissance.A. IndividualismB. ReasonC. IrrationalismD. Humanism14.―Ode to the West Wind‖ is the representative work of .A. P.B. Shelley’s B. John Keats’sC. Samuel Coleridge’sD. Lord Byron’s15.―The Forsyte Saga‖ is a tr ilogy by .A. John GalsworthyB. Thomas HardyC. Charles DickensD. D.H. Lawrencewrence’s works are modern because of their .A. modern skill in writingB. modern publishing timeC. modern themesD. modern appearance17.M ost of Bernard Shaw’s plays are concerned with .A. political problemsB. religious problemsC. moral problemsD. all the above18.T he most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is SamuelBeckett and his first play, _______, is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.A. Waiting for GodotB. Murder in the CathedralC. Too True to Be GoodD. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionAmerican literature1.Emerson rejected both the formal religion of the churches and theDeistic philosophy; instead he based his religion on an intuitive belief in an ultimate unity, which he called the ―______‖.A. over-soulB. super-manC. godly manD. intuition2.Which one of the following statements about Hawthorne’s The ScarletLetter is true?A.Hawthorne intended to tell a love story in this novel.B.Hawthorne intended to tell a story of sin in this novel.C.Hawthorne intended to reveal the human psyche after they sinned,so as to show people the tension between society and individualsD.Hawthorne focused his attention on consequences of the sin on thepeople in general, so as to call the readers back to the conventional Puritan way of living.3.The childhood of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in the Mississippi is arecord of a vanished way of life in the _____ Mississippi valley and it has moved millions of people of different ages and conditions all over the world.A. early 16th centuryB. late 16th centuryC. post-Civil WarD.pre-Civil War4.In 1915 _____ became a naturalized British citizen, largely in protestagainst America’s failure to join England in the First World War.A. T. S. EliotB. Henry JamesC. W.D. HowellsD. George Eliot5.Allen Ginsberg. Whose ―Howl‖ became the manifesto of ______.A. the Westward MovementB. the UtopianMovementC. the Beat MovementD. the DeisticMovement6.Perhaps Dickinson’s greatest rendering of the moment of ____ is to befound in ―I heard a Fly Buzz – when I died –‖, a poem universally considered one of her masterpieces.A. enthusiasmB. deathC. crisisD. fantasy7.Most people consider ______ an unofficial manifesto for the―Transcendental Club‖.A. NatureB. Self-RelianceC. The American ScholarD. The Dial8.The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America was written by ____.A. John SmithB. John EllisC. Anne BradstreetD. Nathaniel Morton9.Edward Taylor was a poet of ____.A. Local ColorismB. AmericanRomanticismC. New England TranscendentalismD. ColonialAmerican10.P oor Richard's Almanac was written by ____ who also wrote ____.A. Benjamin Franklin...AutobiographyB. WashingtonIrving...AutobiographyC. Washington Irving...History of New YorkD. BenjaminFranklin...History of New York11.W hitman published his first edition of ______ in 1855.A. Leaves of GrassB. The Scarlet LetterC. Hymn to The NightD. The Secret of the Sea12.D re iser’s naturalism and his choice of subject often echo hispredecessor, ______, but his style and method are very different.A. Mark TwainB. Stephen CraneC. Henry JamesD.Emerson13.S ister Carrie written by ______ is considered as one of therepresentative naturalistic novel in the American literature.A. Sinclair LewisB. Theodore DreiserC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. H.L.Mencken14.M ark Twain’s ______ tells a story of his boyhood ambitious tobecome a riverboat pilot, up and down the Mississippi.A. Roughing ItB. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. Life on the MississippiD. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer15.S tephen Crane’s style has been called realistic, ______ andimpressionistic.A. romanticB. naturalisticC. classicalD.imagining16.______ is the scene of Dreiser’s Sister Carrie.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. CaliforniaD.Washington17.W hich is generally regarded as the Bible of New EnglandTranscendentalism?A. NatureB. WaldenC. On BeautyD. S elf-Reliance18.M elville’s _______ is an encyclopedia of everything, history,philosophy, religion, etc, in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.A. The Old Man and the SeaB. Moby DickC. White JacketD. Billy Budd19.L eaves of Grass has _______ editions.A. nineB. fiveC. sixD.seven20._______ is not among the writing features of Melville’s works.A. SymbolismB. AllegoryC. Psychological analysesD.Dramatic monologue。

国开《人文英语4》单元自测5参考资料答案：man is题目：The ________ ___.答案：sun题目：___ ________ the students to ___.答案：expects题目：The ________ of the movie was very exciting.答案：ending题目：I need to ________ ___.答案：packI。

READ THE PASSAGE AND CHOOSE THE RIGHT SUB-TITLE (A-D) FOR EACH PARAGRAPH.Maggie Walker was born in 1867 in Richmond。

Virginia。

Her mother was once a slave in a n in Mississippi。

and her ___ growing up in a post-Civil War era。

___ ___。

___.As a young girl。

Maggie attended Richmond's Armstrong High School。

where she ___ extracurricular activities。

including the school's ___ justice.After graduating high school。

Maggie ___ American children。

where she ___.In 1903.Maggie became the first ___ the St。

Luke Penny Savings Bank。

which provided financial services to the African American community。

Through her leadership and business acumen。