南昌大学期中考试

2022-2023学年江西省南昌大学附中九年级（上）期中物理试卷一、填空题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，每空1分，共16分）5．（2分）如图所示的运油车正在卸油，快速流出的油和油罐由于现象会积累过多电荷，为防止发生事故，将一条“绳子”把运油车与静电消除器相连，“绳子”芯应是（填“导体”或“绝缘体”）。

若多余的电子经静电消除器上的接地线流向大地，则接地线中的电流方向（填“向上”或“向下”）。

6．（2分）如图所示，电源电压保持不变，先闭合开关S1，再闭合开关S2，电压表的示数（选填“变大”“不变”或“变小”），灯泡L1的亮度（选填“变亮”“不变”或“变暗”）。

7．（2分）如图所示是2019年国庆联欢活动中，由3000多名举着光影LED灯的演员进行跑位，共同组成的五星红旗。

LED灯是（选填“导体”“半导体”或“绝缘体”）材料，它具有导电性。

8．（2分）小新按图甲所示的电路进行实验，当闭合开关，用电器正常工作时，电压表V1和V2的指针位置完全一样，如图乙所示，则电压表V1的示数为V，L1两端的电压为V。

二、选择题（本大题共6小题，第9―12题为单选，每小题2分；第13、14题为不定项选择，每小题2分，全部正确得3分，不全得1分，不选、多选或错选得0分，共14分）A．家用电冰箱的电流约为2AB．人体的安全电压为36VC．手机电池的电压约为3.7VD．手电筒中的电流约为20mAA．电压表的示数变大，电流表示数变大B．电压表的示数变大，电流表示数不变C．电压表的示数不变，电流表示数变大D．电压表的示数不变，电流表示数不变A．P1=P2，η1=η2B．P1＞P2，η1＞η2C．P1＜P2，η1＜η2D．P1＞P2，η1=η212．（2分）如图所示为小明连接的电路，他先检查导线连接无误后，闭合开关S，发现两灯均不发光，于是他用一个电压表分别并联接到ab、bc、ac两点，灯L1、L2均不发光，且电压表无示数，再用电压表并联接到dc两点时，灯L1、L2均不发光，但电压表指针有明显偏转，由此判定电路的故障可能是（）A．灯L1断路B．灯L2断路C．灯L1短路D．灯L2短路13．（3分）如图所示，①②③为电压表或电流表，开关S闭合后两灯均能发光，则下列说法正确的是（）A．①和②为电压表，③为电流表B．①和③为电压表，②为电流表C．①和③为电流表，②为电压表D．②和③为电流表，①为电压表A．闭合S1、S2、S3时，L3被短路B．闭合S1、S2，断开S3时，L2、L3串联C．闭合S1、S3，断开S2时，L2、L3并联D．闭合S2，断开S1、S3时，L1、L2、L3串联三、计算题（本大题共3小题，第15题、第16题每题7分，第17题8分，共计22分）（1）质量为0.3kg的氢燃料完全燃烧放出的热量；（2）若这些热量全部被质量为200kg、温度为20℃的水吸收，求水升高的温度。

信管第13组期中考试答案—南昌大学考试试卷—【适用时间：20 11 ～20 12 学年第二学期试卷类型：[A]卷】教师填写栏课程编号：试卷编号：课程名称：信息系统分析与设计开课学院：信息工程学院考试形式：闭卷适用班级：信息管理与信息系统考试时间：120分钟试卷说明：1、本试卷共7页。

2、考试结束后，考生不得将试卷、答题纸和草稿纸带出考场。

题号一二三四五六总分累分人签名题分15 10 20 10 20 25 100得分考生填写栏考生姓名：考生学号：所属学院：所属班级：所属专业：考试日期：考生须知1、请考生务必查看试卷中是否有缺页或破损。

如有立即举手报告以便更换。

考生承诺本人知道考试违纪、作弊的严重性，将严格遵守考场纪律，如若违反则愿意接得分评阅人一、填空题：（每空0.5分，共15分）1.信息、_物质____和_能量______是人类社会发展的三大资源。

2. A.D.霍尔提出了著名的基于三维结构的系统方法，其中，三个维度分别是逻辑维、时间维、知识维。

3.按照人们认识系统的抽象程度，可以把系统划分成为概念系统、物理系统和逻辑系统三类。

而按照系统与外界的关系，可以把系统分为开放式系统和知识型系统两类。

4.UML的建模元素包括基本建模元素、关系元素和图三大类。

5.信息系统开发的步骤是：在系统规划后，系统分析 __、系统设计 ___、系统构建与实施__ 、_系统评价___ 工作。

6.在系统分析中可行性研究一般包括对系统的__技术 ___可行性、_经济_ ___可行性和_社会____可行性进行调查研究。

7.数据流程图的两个特征：抽象性____和概括性。

8.网络系统规划及设计一般分为三步：需求分析___、_网络规划__和_网络总体设计。

9.管理信息系统的系统设计包括两个阶段，即__总体_____设计阶段和___物理_____设计阶段。

10.输入设计包括__输入方式______设计和___用户设计___________设计。

2019-2020学年南昌大学附属中学高三生物期中考试试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 某研究小组认为，肿瘤细胞能释放一种叫微泡的“气泡”，让肿瘤与血管内皮细胞进行交流，并改变这些内皮细胞的行为。

这些微泡在离开肿瘤组织时携带一种特殊的癌症蛋白，当微泡与内皮细胞融合，它们所携带的这些癌症蛋白就会触发促进新血管异常形成的机制。

这些新生血管向着肿瘤方向生长并为它们提供生长所需的营养。

下列与此相关的叙述中，不合理的是（）A. 肿瘤细胞出现的根本原因是原癌基因和抑癌基因发生基因突变B. “癌症蛋白”是由肿瘤细胞合成的一种信息分子，作用于内皮细胞，调节细胞生长C. “癌症蛋白”借助微泡进入血管内皮细胞，与细胞膜表面糖蛋白无关D. 新生血管向着肿瘤方向生长与细胞分裂、细胞分化密切相关2. 下列关于无机盐在生物体中功能的叙述错误的是（）A. 镁是叶绿体中参与光合作用各种色素的组成元素B. 人体缺铁会影响正常的有氧呼吸功能C. 耕牛血液中浓度太低，会出现抽搐症状D. 细胞中的某些无机盐离子对维持细胞的酸碱平衡具有一定作用3. 用高倍镜观察比用低倍镜观察，看到的细胞数目、细胞大小和视野明暗情况依次为（）A. 多、大、亮B. 少、小、暗C. 多、小、暗D. 少、大、暗4. 艾滋病(AIDS)是由于感染HIV引起的一类传染病，人体感染HIV后体内HIV浓度和辅助性T淋巴细胞数量随时间变化如下图所示。

下列相关说法中正确的是（）A. 曲线AB段HIV浓度上升主要是HIV在内环境中大量增殖的结果B. 曲线BC段HIV浓度下降主要是体液免疫和细胞免疫共同作用的结果C. 曲线CD段的初期不能通过检测血液中的相应抗体来诊断是否感染HIVD. 曲线EF段辅助性T淋巴细胞数量上升是淋巴干细胞在骨髓中快速分裂分化的结果5. 下列有关糖类和脂质的叙述不正确的是（）A.脂质中的磷脂是构成生物膜的重要物质，可出现在所有细胞中B.植物细胞中的多糖主要是淀粉和纤维素，动物细胞中的多糖主要是糖原C.固醇类物质可在细胞的营养、调节和代谢中发挥重要作用D.等质量的糖类和脂肪相比前者能够释放的能量较多，因为前者含氢较多6. 蛋白质在消化道内的消化过程为：蛋白质①→多肽①→氨基酸则①①过程中分别破坏了下列什么结构A.空间结构肽键B.肽键肽键C.肽键氨基酸D.空间结构氨基酸7. 现有丙氨酸、丝氨酸和天门冬氨酸（结构式如图）各若干，则由这些氨基酸(种类不限)脱水缩合所形成环状三肽，能形成的肽键数、含有的氨基、羧基的数目是A.2、1、2B.3、0、0～3C.3、O、1～4D.2、1、不确定8. 在基因工程中不能用作载体的是（）A.质粒B.大肠杆菌C.噬菌体D.动植物病毒9. 亳州“古井贡酒”生产发酵中需要用到麦芽浆，对萌发带有小芽的大麦充分研磨后，过滤得到组织样液。

南昌高校附中2021-2022学年高二期中考试化学试卷命题：周孟俊一、选择题（每题3分，共48分）1．下列说法不．正确的是A．任何反应都伴有能量的变化B．化学反应中的能量变化可表现为热量的变化C．反应物的总能量高于生成物的总能量时，发生吸热反应D．反应物的总能量低于生成物的总能量时，发生吸热反应2．25℃、1.01 ×105Pa时，反应2N2O5（g）＝4 NO2（g）＋O2（g）△H＝+56.76kJ·mol一1，该反应能自发进行的缘由是A．熵增大效应大于热效应B．是熵削减的反应C．是放热反应D．是吸热反应3.在2A＋B === 3C＋4D反应中，表示该反应速率最快的是（）A．υ（A）＝0.5 mol/（L·ｓ）B．υ（B）＝0.3 mol/（L·ｓ）C．υ（C）＝0.8 mol/（L·ｓ）D．υ（D）＝1 mol/（L·ｓ）4.下列热化学方程式中的△H能表示可燃物的燃烧热的是（）A、H2（g）＋Cl2（g）＝2HCl（g）△H＝－184KJ·mol－1B、CH4（g）＋2O2（g）＝CO2（g）＋2H2O（g）△H＝－802.3J·mol－1C、CO（g）＋1/2O2（g）＝CO2（g）△H2＝－293KJ·mol－1D、2H2（g）＋O2（g）＝2H2O（l）△H＝－571.6KJ·mol－15．对于反应2SO2(g)＋O2(g)2SO3(g)，能增大正反应速率的措施是A．通入大量O2B．增大容器容积C．移去部分SO3D．降低体系温度6．某反应的反应过程中能量的变化如图所示，图中E1表示正反应的活化能，E2表示逆反应的活化能，下列有关叙述正确的是A．该反应为放热反应B．催化剂能转变该反应的焓变C．E1也可表示反应物断键需要吸取的总能量D．ΔH=E2－E17．依据以下3个热化学方程式：2H2S(g)+3O2(g)=2SO2(g)+2H2O(l) △H =―Q1 kJ/mol2H2S(g)+O2(g)=2S (s)+2H2O(l) △H =―Q2 kJ/mol2H2S(g)+O2(g)=2S (s)+2H2O(g) △H =―Q3 kJ/molQ1、Q2、Q3三者关系正确的是A．Q1>Q3>Q2B．Q1>Q2>Q3C．Q3>Q2>Q1D．Q2>Q1>Q38、下列关于化学反应速率的说法中，正确的是()A．化学反应速率是指肯定时间内任何一种反应物物质的量的削减或任何一种生成物物质的量的增加B．化学反应速率为0.8mol/(L·s)是指1s时某物质的浓度为0.8mol/LC．依据化学反应速率的大小可以知道化学反应进行的快慢D．对于任何化学反应来说，反应速率越快，反应现象就越明显9．在肯定温度下，有以下反应：2A(g)+ B(g) C(g)+D(g) △H＜0 ，反应进行至第10 min 时，转变一个条件，当反应进行至第20 min 时，发觉生成C的速率增大，C的百分含量也增大，则转变的条件可能是A．加热B．使用催化剂C．加压D．分别出D10．肯定温度下的反应A(g)＋3B(g)2C(g)，下列叙述不能表明它达到化学平衡的是（）A．A、B、C的浓度不再变化B．混合气体的总物质的量不再变化C．单位时间内a mol A生成，同时生成3a mol BD．C的生成速率与C的分解速率相等11.已知H—H键能为436 KJ/mol，H—N键能为391KJ/mol，依据化学方程式：N2 ＋3H2 ＝2NH3ΔH＝—92.4 KJ/mol，则N≡N键的键能是（）A．431 KJ/mol B．946 KJ/mol C．649 KJ/mol D．869 KJ/mol12．已知反应：①C＋CO 22CO△H＞0②N2＋3H 22NH3△H＜0。

2020年南昌大学附属中学高三英语下学期期中试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AEach year, theLas Vegasconsumer electronics show, or CES, presents the latest developments in many areas of technology. The newest products are designed to make our lives easier, fun and more productive.A car with legsOne of this year’s presentations was by South Korean carmaker Hyun-dai. The company introduced a small model of a “ walking car,” which is called Elevate. It has four movable legs that can raise the main part of the vehicle high off the ground. The electric-powered vehicle is designed to be used in search-and-rescue operations during emergencies or natural disasters.Changeable people moverGermany's Mercedes presented an experimental self-driving vehicle that it claims can revolutionize transportation for people and goods. The company says the vehicle, called Vision Urbanetic, will be able lo easily change bodies depending on its desired use. Mercedes says as a ride-sharing vehicle , the futuristic-looking car can seat 12 people.Fully electric HarleyAmerican manufacturer Harley-Davidson showed off its first fully electric motorcycle, called LiveWire. The company says the bike will be able to go 177 kilometers between charges. It can reach 96 kilometers per hour in under3.5 seconds. Although Harley is known for building powerful bikes with huge, loud motors, the LiveWire will be unusually quiet.Personal robotsOne of the new robots, called Temi, is really just a computer tablet on wheels. It is designed to be a personal electronic assistant. It moves around the home and performs commands when spoken to. It can link users to friends through voice or video, connect to video or place orders for food or goods.1. Which do you probably use to search for the injured in an earthquake?A. Elevate.B. Vision Urbanetic.C. LiveWire.D. Temi.2. What is the first fully electric motorcycle produced by Harley-Davidson?A. ElevateB. Hyun-daiC. LiveWire .D. Temi .3. Why are the four products designed?A. To ease traffic jam.B. To help us socialize.C. To improve our life.D. To protect the environment.BI was in the second year of my Ph. D. program when a colleague asked what I would do if I had an extra hour every day. Without much consideration, I said I would use it to help others. The question kept coming to my mind. Like many graduate students, I was overwhelmed (难以承受的) with research, teaching, coursework, and some attempt at a personal life. Still, I asked myself, "Do I really need a 25th hour to help other people-or do I need to make better use of the 24 hours I have?"I needed something to help me return to my old self. After that conversation with my colleague, I googled (谷歌搜索) “volunteer opportunities near me”. A local organization that drives people to stores or appointments was looking for volunteers. Having grown up in a rural village where everyone knew oneanother and my grandparents were always close by, I thought serving senior citizens in my new hometown might be just what I needed.A short time later, I started to volunteer for an organization that provides transportation for senior citizens and people with disabilities. To my surprise, adding this activity to my busy life was just what I needed to calm the confusion I was feeling as a first-generation international graduate student.I started to volunteer about 3 hours every weekend, the time I otherwise would have wasted oversleeping or scrolling (滚屏) through social media. Sharing stories with my riders was much more rewarding. What they told me about their lives helped me realize that in every corner of the world, humans are connected with the languageof emotions. And seeing how eager my riders were to spend time out and about inspired me to think about how to spend my time, which used to slip away. My previously overwhelming schedule began to feel manageable.I'm proud of who I have become, and I continue to reflect on how I'm using the most valuable thing in life: my time.4. Why did the author ask himself the question in Paragraph 1?A. He wanted to return to normal life.B. He was busy but wanted to help others.C. He couldn't bear too much school work.D. He couldn't answer his colleague's question.5. How did the author find the volunteer job?A. A colleague recommended it.B. A local organization offered it.C. He got it from his grandparents.D. He got it by surfing on the Internet.6. What made the author feel his volunteer job was worth doing?A. Communicating with his riders.B. Improving his language learning.C. Meeting his grandparents often.D. Realizing his previous dream.7. How did volunteering influence the author?A. It helped himbecome confident and efficient.B. He found a good way to live a free and quiet life.C. He realized he had wasted too much time pursuing his Ph.D.D. It inspired him to spare more time to accompany his grandparents.CDoctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don’t listen because they already know it all, I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn’t realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As 1 flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness sand said, we need to put the landing gear down now! That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn’t overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I’m in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from landing gear up.8. What does the author say about doctors in general?A. They like flying by themselves.B. They are quick learners of CRM.C. They pretend to be good pilots.D. They are unwilling to take advice.9. The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when .A. his boss landed the plane too lateB. he was in charge of a flying taskC. he saved the plane by speaking upD. his boss operated on a patient10. In the last paragraph landing gear up probably means .A. following flying requirementsB. making a mistake that may cost livesC. listening to what fellow doctors sayD. overreacting to different opinions11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying SafeB. A Pilot-Turned DoctorC. The Making of a Good PilotD. Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorDChinese paleontologists (古生物学家) have determined that, about 47 million years ago, subtropical forests once existed on the high-altitude Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The conclusion, which appears in a paper published on Tuesday, was drawn based on the large number of fossils found in theBaingoinBasinat an altitude of nearly 5,000 meters during the second comprehensive scientific expedition to the plateau.A joint team from theXishuangbannaTropicalBotanical Gardenconducted the research on the fossils. By combining the findings and models, the team recreated the climate and altitude that existed 47 million years ago, showing that the central plateau had an altitude of just 1,500 meters and an annual average temperature of 19℃, says Su Tao, a researcher from the tropical botanical garden and first author of the paper.“It was covered by thick forest and was rich in water and grass. It is fair tocall it the ‘ShangriLa’ of ancient times,” Su adds.The researchers have also found over 70 plant fossils, the majority of which are most closely related to plant life in today's subtropical or tropical regions.“This is enough to show that the central part of the now high-altitude, freezing Qinghai-Tibet Plateau had flourishing subtropical plants 47 million years ago,” Su says.The findings provide new evidence for the study of the evolutionary history of biodiversity and the evolution of the plateau's landscape, according to Zhou Zhekun, the paper's corresponding author and a researcher at the tropical botanical garden.Chinalaunched the second comprehensive scientific expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in June 2017, 40 years after the first. Lasting up to 10 years, the expedition will conduct a series of studies focusing on the plateau's glaciers, its biodiversity and ecological changes, and will also monitor the changes in climate.12. How did the paper come to the conclusion?A. Through the observation of the Baingoin basin.B. Through the fossils found in scientific expedition.C. Through the drawing of a large number of fossils.D. Through the adventure on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.13. What can be inferred according to Su Tao?A. The average altitude of the plateau was 1,500 meters.B. “Shangrila”means a place with abundant water and grass.C. The flourishing subtropical plants have covered the plateau.D. The fossils found by researchers are tropical or subtropical plants now.14. Where might the passage come from?A. The Times.B. The Wall Street Journal.C. Chinese National Geography.D. The Economist.15. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To instruct.B. To educate.C. To persuade.D. To inform.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年南昌大学附属中学高三生物上学期期中考试试卷及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下图为某种酶催化作用图解。

下列相关说法正确的是（）A.该酶可在RNA酶的催化作用下水解B.该酶能为底物RNA的分解反应提供所需的能量C.该酶的单体是核苷酸或氨基酸D.该酶与底物间的碱基配对方式与转录过程中的完全相同2. 以下有关概念的说法正确的是（）A.形成配子时，等位基因一定分离，非等位基因一定能自由组合B.纯合子杂交得到的全是纯合子C.相对性状是指同种生物的不同性状的不同表现类型D.测交常被用来检测待测亲本是否是纯合子3. 下列有关细胞中蛋白质和核酸的叙述，正确的是（）A. 硫化物是蛋白质代谢的标志产物B.DNA水解的终产物是脱氧核苷酸C. 细胞中核酸的水解产物有2种D. 蛋白质水解的终产物是多肽和氨基酸4. 甲、乙、丙、丁4个系谱图依次反映了a、b、c、d四种遗传病的发病情况，若不考虑基因突变和染色体变异，那么，根据系谱图判断，可排除由X染色体上隐性基因决定的遗传病是（）A. aB. bC. cD. d5. 下图所示实验能够说明A. 病毒抗原诱导B细胞分化的作用B. 浆细胞产生抗体的作用C. 病毒刺激淋巴细胞增殖的作用D. 效应T淋巴细胞的作用6. 下列与优生无关的措施是()A．适龄结婚、适龄生育B．遵守婚姻法，不近亲结婚C．进行遗传咨询，做好婚前检查D．产前诊断，以确定胎儿性别7. 下图为动物体细胞有丝分裂中期示意图，下列相关叙述正确的是（）A.甲是中心体，在分裂前期倍增并移向细胞两极B.此图中有2条染色体，4条染色单体C.该时期为细胞中期，染色体数加倍D.丙是星射线，由蛋白质和DNA构成8. 如图甲表示某原核细胞中一个基因进行的某项生理活动，图乙是图甲中C部分的放大，若该基因中碱基T为m个，占全部碱基的比值为n。

下列相关叙述正确的是（）A. 图甲显示染色体DNA上的基因正在表达，最终可得到3条相同的多肽链B. 图乙所示核苷酸共有8种，②与②的区别是所含的五碳糖不同C. 图乙所产生的②上有起始密码子，②中胞嘧啶的个数有（）D. 图甲所示反映出了中心法则的所有内容，该过程需要的原料有游离的核糖核苷酸和氨基酸9. 下列有关人体水盐平衡调节的叙述中正确的是A.大量饮水，则抗利尿激素分泌增加B.渴觉中枢兴奋，则抗利尿激素分泌减少C.抗利尿激素分泌减少，则尿量增加D.细胞外液中电解质浓度降低，则尿量减少10. 下列与生活相联系的生物学知识中，说法正确的是（）A. 胆固醇是动物细胞膜的重要成分，参与血液中脂质的运输，过多摄入有益无害B. 糖尿病患者的饮食虽然受到严格限制，但不具甜味的米饭、馒头等可随意食用C. 患急性肠炎的病人脱水时，需要及时补水，同时也需要补充体内丢失的无机盐D. 鸡蛋煮熟后，蛋白质发生了变性，不容易被蛋白酶水解，因此，吃熟鸡蛋难消化11. 成熟植物液泡膜上有运输钙离子或氢离子的膜蛋白，这些膜蛋白将钙离子或氢离子运进液泡时需消耗能M(ATP)。

2020届南昌大学附属中学高三语文上学期期中考试试卷及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成以下各题。

在数字技术的推动下，图书阅读领域正在发生深刻改变。

我国是一个互联网大国，数字化阅读的发展极大改变了大众阅读方式，使人们获取知识的内容、形式及渠道都发生深刻变化。

这是我们认识和把握今天乃至未来国民阅读的新基点、新逻辑、新机制。

以互联网为代表的技术革命究竟对人们知识获取和阅读行为产生了哪些深刻改变呢?阅读行为的重心转移:从线下到线上。

就阅读的渠道重构和介质转换而言.虽然传统的纸质阅读今天仍然保有权威性、逻辑严整、内容精粹等优点，但其不足也是明显的:成本高、单向传播、知识更新慢、知识表达以文字为主、难以进行沉浸式交互等。

而线上阅读则具有随时随地、包罗万象的可得性，与时俱进、即刻更新的现时态，视角丰富、观点多样，知识获取的无成本或低成本，大数据及算法支撑的内容定制化，图文并茂、视频展示、VR/AR/MR的沉浸式传播方式等。

其价值、魅力和传播效应已超过传统线下阅读，成为一种全新的升维阅读。

阅读价值的维度扩容:从深度到宽度。

传统的知识生产和传播特别注重知识深度的挖掘。

但问题在于，我们生活的现实世界是各种要素彼此关联的有机生态系统，知识的过度细分已不适应当今时代发展。

今天的量子计算机、认知机器人、智慧城市等技术的发展，哪一个可以靠单一学科就能建构起来?今天的社会是一个分布式结构的社会，横向圈层、个体之间的连接沟通对于今天的社会协同尤为重要。

因此，知识谱系中的横向价值成为今天知识传播的重中之重。

从媒介特性而言，传统纸质阅读比较有利于规范性的、注重深度的知识价值的传播和消费，而数字化、智能化的全息、多通道媒介平台更能胜任构造多维、非线性、交互、沉浸式的阅读学习体验，有助于非规则的、领域宽广的知识价值的传播与交流，这是知识传播领域的大势所趋。

阅读主体的双重角色:既是消费者也是创造者。

南昌大学附属中学2022-2022学年上学期期中考试高一年级生物试卷一．选择题〔共40小题，每题1.5分，共60分〕1．赖氨酸的分子式为C6H14O2N2，那么赖氨酸的R基为〔〕A．﹣C4H10OB．﹣C4H10ONC．﹣C4H10ND．﹣C5H11N2．表中列举了几种彼此功能不同的多肽化合物，有关描述错误的选项是〔〕多肽化合物①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩氨基酸数9 9 9 10 13 22 223 51 660 524A．多肽化合物①②③，功能不同的原因有氨基酸的种类、排列顺序不同等B．假设多肽化合物⑧由一条α链和一条β链组合而成，那么⑧中含有肽键数为49C．多肽化合物⑦⑨⑩中常见的氨基酸最多为20种D．表中数据说明，蛋白质的功能具有多样性，这些功能决定蛋白质的空间结构3．某蛋白质由A条肽链、B个氨基酸组成，该蛋白质至少有氧原子的个数是〔〕A．B﹣AB．B﹣2AC．B+AD．B+2A4．蛋白质在加热过程中会发生一系列变化〔见示意图〕．据此判断以下有关表达正确的选项是〔〕A．沸水浴加热后．构成蛋白质的肤链充分伸展并断裂B．参加食盐后析出的蛋白质也发生了变性C．变性蛋白质与天然蛋白质相比，肽键数没有减少D．低温处理变性蛋白会使其恢复成为天然蛋白5．下表中有关人体细胞化合物的各项内容，正确的选项是〔〕化合物实验检测组成单位主要功能检测试剂颜色反响A 脂肪苏丹Ⅳ染液橘黄色脂肪酸储存能量B 蛋白质双缩脲试剂紫色氨基酸承担生命活动C 淀粉斐林试剂砖红色葡萄糖提供能量D 核酸甲基绿染液绿色核苷酸携带遗传信息A．AB．BC．CD．D6．鱼体内遗传物质彻底水解后，可得到〔〕A．1种五碳糖B．4种脱氧核糖核苷酸C．5种含氮碱基D．8种核苷酸7．不同生物含有的核酸种类不同，以下各种生物中关于碱基、核苷酸、五碳糖种类的描述正确的选项是〔〕A．T4噬菌体B．烟草叶肉细胞 C．烟草花叶病毒 D．豌豆根毛细胞碱基5种8种4种5种核苷酸5种8种8种8种五碳糖1种2种2种2种A．T4噬菌体B．烟草叶肉细胞C．烟草花叶病毒D．豌豆根毛细胞8．以下有关教材中实验的说法正确的选项是〔〕A．甜菜的块根含有较多的糖且近于白色，因此可以用于复原糖的鉴定B．甲基绿使细胞核呈现绿色，因此证明DNA主要分布在细胞核内C．脂肪鉴定时，需要使用70%的酒精洗掉浮色D．双缩脲试剂A液和B液要混合均匀后，再参加含样品的试管中9．通过一定方法将细胞质内的各种结构分开后进行元素分析，以下各项中，磷元素含量最低的是〔〕A．线粒体B．核糖体C．中心体D．内质网10．某生物进行糖类物质转变途径为：淀粉→麦芽糖→葡萄糖→糖原，相关说法正确的选项是〔〕A．该生物是动物，因为能合成糖原B．淀粉和糖元的根本组成单位都是五碳糖C．该生物是植物，因为体内有淀粉D．麦芽糖为二糖，可水解为葡萄糖和果糖11．以下是脂质在细胞和生物体中具有的某些生物学功能，其中仅属于脂肪的是〔〕①构成细胞膜的重要成分②细胞内良好的储能物质③参与人体血液中脂质的运输④促进动物生殖器官的发育以及生殖细胞的形成⑤很好的绝热体，起到保温作用．A．①③④B．②④C．①②⑤D．②⑤12．对组成细胞化合物的描述正确的选项是〔〕A．内分泌腺分泌的各类激素都在内质网的核糖体上合成B．淀粉、糖原、纤维素的根本单位都是葡萄糖，不含N、P等元素C．越冬植物体内自由水的含量多，是对不良环境的一种适应D．质量相同的糖类、脂肪、蛋白质氧化分解所释放的能量是相同的13．以下各项对组成细胞有机物的描述，正确的选项是〔〕A．细胞质中仅含有核糖核酸B．组成淀粉、糖原、纤维素的单体都是葡萄糖C．多肽链在核糖体上一旦形成便具有生物活性D．DNA是生物体进行生命活动的主要承担者14．以下关于细胞内物质组成的表达错误的选项是〔〕A．铁元素是构成人体血红蛋白分子的重要组分B．种子萌发时细胞内结合水与自由水比值下降C．氨基酸和脂质均含有碳原子构成的碳骨架D．组成噬菌体的遗传物质的单体是核糖核苷酸15．以下关于真核细胞结构的表达，错误的选项是〔〕A. 细胞器在细胞质中的分布与细胞的功能相适应B. 线粒体是细胞内物质氧化和能量转换的主要场所C. 由rRNA 和蛋白质组成的核糖体具有特定空间结构D. 高尔基体是细胞内蛋白质合成、加工和运输的场所16．农民收获水稻后要将种子晒干，而在播种前又要浸种．这主要是因为〔〕A．自由水含量影响新陈代谢B．结合水是细胞的重要组成成分C．水是光合作用的重要原料D．水是呼吸作用的重要原料17．水是维持生命的最根本条件，以下说法错误的选项是〔〕A．自由水在人体内是良好的溶剂B．结合水是细胞结构的重要组成成分C．人体内代谢废物的排出需要水D．代谢旺盛时，结合水与自由水比值升高18．以下哪一实例能说明微量元素是生命活动所必需的〔〕A．绿色植物缺Mg会影响有机物的合成B．人体缺少K时会导致心肌异常C．哺乳动物血液中Ca2+盐含量太低会抽搐D．人体内Fe2+的含量过低会导致贫血症19．一位农民种植的某块农田小麦产量总是比邻近地块的低．他疑心该农田可能是缺少某种元素，为此将该块肥力均匀的农田分成面积相等的五小块，进行田间实验．除施肥不同外，其他田间处理措施相同．实验结果如下表：地块甲乙丙丁戊施肥情况尿素磷酸二氢钾磷酸二氢铵硫酸铵不施肥小麦收获量55.56 65.26 56.88 55.44 55.11从表中可判断，实验的对照组是〔〕A．甲、乙B．丙、丁C．戊D．甲、乙、丙、丁20．关于生物体内水和无机盐的表达，不正确的选项是〔〕A．长时间剧烈运动导致血钙下降，会引起抽搐B．新鲜的谷物在晾晒过程中失去的主要是自由水C．水影响光合作用强度的主要原因是水影响气孔的开与关D．植物在冬季来临之前，自由水/结合水比值会增加，从而适应寒冷环境21．以下有关“支架〞或“骨架〞的说法，不正确的选项是〔〕A．细胞膜的根本支架是蛋白质B．生物大分子的根本骨架是碳链C．细胞骨架由蛋白质纤维组成D．脱氧核糖和磷酸交替连接构成DNA分子的根本骨架22．如图是质膜结构示意图，以下表达正确的选项是〔〕A．①构成了质膜的根本支架，且具有流动性B．②是镶嵌在③中的生物大分子，且是静止的C．③的分子数目约是①的2倍，且有个体差异D．④与细胞外表的识别有关，且具有保护作用23．以下关于制备细胞膜的表达，错误的选项是〔〕A．鸟类的红细胞不是制备纯洁细胞膜的理想材料B．人的成熟红细胞在生理盐水中不会发生水分子的跨膜运输，细胞体积不变C．叶肉细胞因有细胞壁存在使提取细胞膜更复杂D．提取出的猪成熟红细胞磷脂分子在空气﹣水界面上的面积是红细胞外表积的两倍24．研究细胞膜常用的材料是〔〕A．变形虫B．受精卵C．蛙成熟的红细胞D．哺乳动物成熟的红细胞25．人、鼠细胞融合实验中用带有不同荧光染料的抗体标记两种细胞的膜蛋白，一段时间后两种膜蛋白能在杂种细胞膜上均匀分布形成嵌合体．如图是相关实验结果的记录，据此不能得出的结论是〔〕A．温度超过15℃，细胞膜流动性开始增强B．该实验证明膜蛋白能够运动C．温度对膜蛋白的运动有影响D．融合时间越长形成的嵌合体越多26．细胞之间通过信息交流，保证细胞间功能的协调．关于细胞间信息交流的说法错误的选项是〔〕A．细胞之间的信息交流只能通过细胞膜上的糖蛋白，植物细胞也不例外B．A细胞分泌的激素，可随血液到达全身各处，与B细胞的受体结合，将信息传递给靶细胞C．图2可以表示精子与卵细胞的识别过程D．假设图2中甲表示发出信号的细胞，1表示信号分子，那么乙是靶细胞，图中2表示受体27．以下有关显微镜操作的表达，错误的选项是〔〕A．标本染色较深，观察时应选用凹面反光镜和大光圈B．将位于视野右上方的物像移向中央，应向右上方移动玻片标本C．假设转换高倍物镜观察，需要先升镜筒，以免镜头破坏玻片标本D．转换高倍物镜之前，应先将所要观察的物像移到视野正中央28.甲是一组目镜标有5x和16x字样、物镜标有10x和40x字样的镜头，乙是某学生在甲中选用的一组能放大160倍的镜头组合所观察到的图象．欲将乙视野中标注为1的细胞移至视野中央进行放大640倍的观察，那么正确的镜头组合及装片的移动方向应是〔〕A．①④、左下方B．①③、右上方C．②③、右上方D．②③、左下方29.用10×目镜、40×物镜的显微镜观测口腔上皮细胞，结果如下列图．假设改用10×物镜观测，测到的细胞宽度应该是〔〕A．3格B．6格C．12格D．64格30.蓝藻属于自养型生物是因为〔〕A．细胞中有藻蓝素和叶绿素，能进行光合作用B．细胞中能合成如蛋白质等有机物C．细胞中有叶绿体，能进行光合作用D．不进行寄生生活，可以独立生活31.以下生物中属于原核生物的一组是〔〕①蓝藻②酵母菌③草履虫④念珠藻⑤水绵⑥青霉菌⑦噬菌体⑧颤藻⑨衣藻⑩变形虫．A．①⑥⑦⑧B．①④⑦C．①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧D．①④⑧32.将红色荧光染料标记的人细胞外表的蛋白质分子与绿色荧光染料标记的小鼠细胞外表的蛋白质分子，细胞融合后，放到37℃的恒温箱中培养40min．其结果和说明的问题是〔〕A．两种荧光点不均匀分布，细胞膜流动性受温度影响B．两种荧光点均匀分布，细胞膜流动性不受环境影响C．两种荧光点不均匀分布，细胞膜能控制物质进出细胞D．两种荧光点均匀分布，细胞膜具有一定的流动性33.以下有关生物膜的应用，正确的选项是〔〕A．海水淡化中应用了生物膜的信息传递功能B．透析型人工肾与生物膜无关C．可以利用生物膜的选择透过性进行污水处理D．人工膜可以模拟生物膜的能量交换功能34.以下有关生物膜结构与功能的表达，不正确的选项是〔〕A．线粒体外膜上不含有蛋白质B．膜的选择透过性与蛋白质分子有关系C．细胞膜上蛋白质种类的多少决定其功能的复杂程度D．构成生物膜的磷脂分子和大多数蛋白质分子可以运动35.细胞内生物膜为细胞生命活动提供了广阔场所，不同细胞器增大膜面积的方式可能不同．以下有关细胞器增大膜面积方式的表达中，错误的选项是〔〕A．叶绿体通过类囊体堆叠来增大膜面积B．内质网通过折叠广泛分布于细胞质基质C．线粒体通过内膜向内折叠来增大膜面积D．高尔基体通过产生小泡而增大膜面积36.以下关于细胞器的描述正确的一组是〔〕①溶酶体具有单层膜结构②叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内③动物细胞中的中心体与有丝分裂有关④所有酶、抗体、激素都在核糖体上合成⑤小肠绒毛上皮细胞内有大量的线粒体，是物质运输的能量供应者⑥高尔基体主要对来自内质网的蛋白质进行进一步加工．A．①③⑤⑥B．②③⑤⑥C．①②④⑥D．①③④⑤37.关于线粒体和叶绿体的比较，错误的选项是〔〕A．两种细胞器中都有自己的DNA、RNA和核糖体等蛋白质合成系统B．两种细胞器都能实现能量的转换C．线粒体中的嵴大大增加了膜面积而叶绿体中没有增加膜面积的结构D．绿色植物中线粒体的分布比叶绿体的更广泛38.以下有关细胞结构和功能的表达，错误的选项是〔〕A．组成细胞膜的脂质分子和蛋白质分子是可以运动的B．核糖体是“生产蛋白质的机器〞，经核糖体生产的蛋白质都能够承担生命活动C．液泡内有糖类、无机盐、色素等物质，它对植物细胞内的环境起调节作用D．溶酶体中富含水解酶，能分解细胞内衰老、损伤的细胞器39.如图是某细胞的局部结构示意图，有关表达错误的选项是〔〕A．结构①是核糖体，是细胞内蛋白质合成的场所B．结构②是线粒体，是真核细胞有氧呼吸的主要场所C．结构③是高尔基体，能增大细胞内的膜面积D．结构④是叶绿体，是绿色植物细胞光合作用的场所40.以下实验中，经处理后的细胞仍可具有活性的是〔〕A．将家兔的成熟红细胞放入清水中B．用甲基绿和吡罗红混合液对DNA和RNA染色后的细胞C．将人的口腔上皮细胞放入9%Nacl溶液中D．用健那绿染液对线粒体进行染色后的细胞二．解答题〔共4小题〕41．材料：所谓“皮革水解蛋白粉〞，是指利用皮革下脚料甚至动物毛发等物质，经水解而生成的一种粉状物．因其氨基酸或者说蛋白质含量较高，人们称之为“皮革水解蛋白粉〞．严格来讲，“皮革水解蛋白粉〞对人体健康并无伤害，与在家里熬制猪皮汤、猪蹄汤得到的“肉冻〞成分相差不多．不过无毒害的前提是用的皮革必须未经糅制、染色等人工处理，否那么，就会含有重铬酸钾和重铬酸钠等有毒物质．如果用这种经人工处理过的皮革等原料生产水解蛋白，重铬酸钾和重铬酸钠自然就被带入产品中，被人体吸收、积累，可导致人体中毒，使关节疏松肿大，甚至造成儿童死亡．根据上述材料答复：〔一〕“皮革水解蛋白粉〞的根本组成单位的结构通式是．将此根本单位用放射性同位素标记，唾液腺细胞用它合成并分泌此淀粉酶的途径中出现放射性的有膜结构的细胞器是．高温可使蛋白质变性失活的主要原理是．〔二〕某学校生物兴趣小组拟对添加皮革蛋白粉的饲料对动物的生长发育的影响进行探究实验．你假设是该小组成员，请完善以下实验．〔1〕实验材料和用具：大鼠假设干只，普通饲料，添加皮革蛋白粉的饲料，其他所需条件均满足．〔2〕实验目的：探究添加皮革蛋白粉的饲料对动物的生长发育是否有影响．〔3〕实验步骤：①选的大鼠假设干，随机均分为A、B两组，分笼饲养；②A组大鼠每天都饲喂适量普通饲料，B组大鼠饲喂；〔其中实验组是，对照组是〕③A、B两组大鼠均在相同且适宜的条件下饲养一段时间；④检查大鼠的生长状况，统计各组大鼠的体重及发育情况．〔4〕请预测该实验的实验结果并作出相应的合理分析〔至少写出三种情况〕．①．②．③假设A组大鼠的体重小于B组的大鼠，且生长发育状况比B组大鼠差，说明．42．如图是生物体的某种物质，请分析答复：〔1〕A的名称叫，〔2〕B是，其作用是．〔3〕D叫，可消除外来抗原对人体的危害．〔4〕人体中一种蛋白质由一条α链和一条β链组成，其中α链由a个氨基酸缩合而成，β链由b个氨基酸缩合而成，该蛋白质还含有3个二硫键．假设20种氨基酸的平均相对分子质量为c，请答复以下问题：①该蛋白质至少含有个氨基和个羧基，共含个肽键．②在缩合过程中，共脱去分子水，该蛋白质的相对分子质量是．43．如图是细胞的局部结构放大图，请根据图答复以下问题．〔1〕细胞每时每刻都要进行各种化学反响，催化相应反响进行的酶绝大多数是在细胞质中由细胞器[⑤]合成．其中某些酶可以进入细胞核中发挥作用，那么这些酶进入细胞核需要穿过层生物膜．〔2〕在细胞分裂间期，被碱性染料染成深色的结构是[]，细胞进行生命活动所需的能量主要由供应．〔3〕细胞的识别与⑥中的有关．〔4〕图中不属于生物膜系统的是〔填标号〕．〔5〕用含有35S标记的氨基酸的培养基培养动物细胞，该细胞能合成并分泌一种含35S的蛋白质．请写出35S在细胞各结构间移动的先后顺序〔用“→〞和序号表示先后顺序〕：．44．洋葱在欧美被誉为“蔬菜皇后〞，其肥大的鳞茎中含糖类8.5%，每100克含维生素A 5毫克、维生素C 9.3毫克、钙〔Ca〕45毫克、磷〔P〕50毫克、铁〔Fe〕8毫克，以及18种氨基酸，是不可多得的保健食品．那么洋葱肥大的鳞茎中所含有的糖类是淀粉还是可溶性复原糖生物学兴趣小组的同学以此作为研究课题．请你帮助他们完成下面的实验研究报告．〔1〕实验目的：探究洋葱肥大的鳞茎中所含的糖是淀粉还是可溶性复原糖．〔2〕实验原理：淀粉可用碘液来检测，可溶性复原糖可用试剂来检测．〔3〕实验器材：洋葱、所需试剂和仪器等〔略〕．〔4〕实验步骤：Ⅰ．鉴定可溶性复原糖：①制备洋葱组织样液，取样液2mL注入试管；②，混匀，将试管置于50℃～65℃的水浴锅中加热2min；③观察颜色变化．Ⅱ．鉴定淀粉：①制备洋葱组织样液，取样液2mL注入试管；②；③观察颜色变化．〔5〕预期实验结果与结论：现象结论①假设步骤Ⅰ，步骤Ⅱ．说明洋葱鳞茎中所含的糖类既有复原糖又有淀粉②假设步骤Ⅰ，步骤说明洋葱鳞茎中所含的糖类只有复原糖而Ⅱ．没有淀粉③假设步骤Ⅰ不出现砖红色沉淀，假设步骤Ⅱ出现蓝色．说明〔6〕在“观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布〞实验中也可以选择洋葱，具体取材部位是，所用的试剂是．。

试卷编号：( B )卷南昌大学2018～2019学年第二学期期中考试试卷大学英语C班课程编号：T5103I001 课程名称：大学英语考试形式：闭卷适用班级：2018级大学英语C班姓名：学号：班级：学院：专业：英语班级: 考试日期：2019年4月18日考生注意事项：1．本试卷共8页，请查看试卷中是否有缺页或破损。

如有立即举手报告以便更换；2．本次考试分A，B两种试卷，请看清自己的试题册上面的试卷类型，用铅笔在相应的字母上划线；3. 答题卡上的准考证号用本人学号，填写后请用铅笔分别在下面对应的数字上划线；4. 考试结束后回收答题卡，试卷册可由学生带走；Part I Reading Comprehension(每题3分，共45分)Directions: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Plastics are materials which are softened by heat and set into lasting from when shaped in a mold. Some are natural; some are semi-synthetic, the result of chemical action on a natural substance; some are synthetic, built up from the constituents of oil or coal. All are based on the chemistry of carbon, with its capacity for forming chains. The molecules that compose them (monomers) link together in the setting or curing (固化) process to form chains (polymers), which give plastics their flexible strength. Some plastics retain their ability to be softened and reshaped; like wax, they are thermoplastic. Others set permanently in the shapes they are given by heat and pressure; like eggs, they are thermosetting.From industrial beginnings in the nineteenth century, plastics have struggled through a hundred and twenty years of glory, failure, disrepute (坏名声) and suspicion on the slow road to public acceptance. Now, at last, one can positively say that plastics are appreciated and enjoyed for what they are; that they make modern life richer, more comfortable and convenient and also more funny. Plastics are warm materials, sympathetic to the human touch, and their transformation into things that come into contact with human beings is entirely appropriate.The fact that there plastic antiques comes as a shock to most people. How can a material that seems so essential in the twentieth century, and one that is so much associated with cheap disposable products, have a history at all? It is a young technology, and a great part of the fun of collecting plastics is that beautiful pieces of historical interest can still found very cheaply.1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A) The development of Plastics as a Modern MaterialB) How Plastics Are MaterialC) The Importance of Plastics in the Nineteenth CenturyD) Why people Are Suspicious of Plastics2. Which of the following is necessary to create any type of plastics?A) Coal.B) Eggs.C) Oil.D) Carbon.3. According to the author, for approximately how many years have plastics existed?A) 160.B)120.C)140.D) 100.4. What historical information does the second paragraph give about plastics?A)They originated primarily as road-surfacing materials.B) The earliest types were soft and did not last very long.C)Their popularity was at its height at the time of the Industrial Revolution.D) They have come into general use very gradually.5. Why does the author mention antiques in the third paragraph?A) Young collectors prefer real antiques to plastic objects.B) Dealers use inexpensive plastic parts to repair valuable antiques.C) Some plastic objects are now considered antiques.D) Plastics replicas (复制品) of valuable antiques are relatively common.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:When memory began for me, my grandfather was past sixty -- a great tall man with thick hair becoming gray. He had black eyes and a straight nose which ended in a slightly flattened tip. Once he explained seriously to me that he got that flattened tip as a small child when he fell down and stepped on his nose. The little marks of laughter at the corners of his eyes were the product of a kindly and humorous nature. The years of work which had bent his shoulders had never dulled his humor nor his love of a joke. Everywhere he went, ''Gramp'' made friends easily. At the end of half an hour you felt you had known him all your life. I soon learned that he hated to give orders, but that when he had to, he tried to make his orders sound like suggestions.One July morning, as he was leaving to go to the cornfield, he said, ''Edwin, you can pick up the potatoes in the field today if you want to do that.'' Then he drove away with his horses.The day passed, and I did not have any desire to pick up potatoes. Evening came and the potatoes were still in the field. Gramp, dusty and tired, led the horses to get their drink.''How many bags of potatoes were there?'' Gramp inquired.''I don't know.''''How many potatoes did you pick up?''''I didn't pick any.''''Not any! Why not?''''You said I could pick them up if I wanted to. You didn't say I had to.''In the next few minutes I learned a lesson I would not forget: when Gramp said I could if I wanted to, he meant that I should want to.My grandmother (''Gram'') worked hard all day, washing clothes, cleaning the house, making butter, and even working in the field when help was scarce. In the evening, though, she was not too tired to read books from the community library. For more than forty years Gram read aloud to Gramp almost every evening. In this way she and Gramp learned about all the great battles of history and became familiar with the works of great authors and the lives of famous men.Gram hated cruelty and injustice. The injustices of history, even those of a thousand years before, angered her as much as the injustices of her own day.She also had a deep love of beauty. When she was almost seventy-five, and had gone to live with one of her daughters, she spent a delightful morning washing dishes because, as she said, the beautiful patterns on the dishes gave her pleasure. The birds, the flowers, the clouds -- all that was beautiful around her -- pleased her. She was like the father of the French painter, Millet, who used to gather grass and show it to his son, saying, ''See how beautiful this is!''In a pioneer society it is the harder qualities of mind and character that are of value. The softer virtues are considered unnecessary. Men and women struggling daily to earn a living are unable, even for a moment, to forget the business of preserving their lives. Only unusual people, like my grandparents, manage to keep the softer qualities in a world of daily struggle.Such were the two people with whom I spent the months from June to September in the wonderful days of summer and youth.6. We know that Grandpa's nose _________.A) was flattened because it had been stepped onB) was not flat when he was a boyC) was both straight and broadD) was straight but its tip was a bit flat7. We learn from the passage that Grandpa _________.A) was friendly and humorousB) liked making suggestionsC) loved to give ordersD) was a serious and strict person8. When Grandpa told the writer to pick up potatoes if he wanted to do that, he meant that _________.A) he could do it if he wanted toB) he did not really have to do soC) he could do it anytime he was readyD) he had to do it9. The writer describes his Grandma as _________.A) a woman who complained about the injustices of lifeB) a very obedient housewifeC) someone who could find beauty in lifeD) a woman who loved Millet's paintings10. According to the passage, in the days of the writer's grandparents _________.A) most people understood how to appreciate the beautiful thingsB) in life it was difficult for people to keep the "soft qualities" of mind and characterC) only ordinary people managed to appreciate the beauty of natureD) it was the "soft virtues" that were thought to be very importantPassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Like a lot of black kids, we never would have made it without our Momma. When there was no fatback to go with the beans, no socks to go with the shoes, no hope to go with tomorrow, she’s smile and say: “We ain’t poor, we’re just broke.”Poor is a state of mind you never grow out of, but being broke is just a temporary condition. She always has a big smile, even when her legs and feet swelled from high blood pressure and she collapsed across the table with diabetes. You have to smile twenty-four hours a day, Momma would say. If you walk through life showing the aggravation you’ve gone through, people will feel sorry for you, and they’ll never respect you.So you laugh, so you smile. Once a month the big gray relief truck would poll up in front of our house and Momma would flash that big smile and stretch out her hands: “Who else you know in this neighborhood gets this kind of service?”And we could all feel proud when the neighbors, folks who weren’t on relief, folks who had Daddies in their houses, would come by the back porch fro some of those hundred pounds of potatoes, for some sugar and flour and salty fish. We’d stand out there on the back porch and hand out the food like we were in charge of helping poor people, and then we’d take the food they brought us in return.And Momma came home one hot summer day and found we’d been evicted, thrown out into the streetcar zone with all our orange crate chairs and secondhand lamps. She flashed that big smile and dried our tears and bought some penny Kool-Aid. We stood out there and sold drinks to thirsty people coming off the streetcar, and we thought nobody knew we were kicked out—figured they thought we wanted to be there. And Momma went off to talk the landlord into letting us back in on credit.But I wonder about my Momma sometimes, and all the other black mothers who got up at 6 a.m. to go to the white man’s house with sacks over their shoes because it was so wet and cold. I wonder how they made it. They worked very hard for the man, they made his breakfast and they scrubbed his floors and they diapered his babies. They didn’t have to much time for us.I wonder about my Momma, who walked out of a white woman’s clean house at midnight and came back to her own where the lights had been out for three months, and the pipes were frozen and the wind came in through the cracks. She’d have to make deals with the rats: ;eave some food out for them so they would n’t gnaw on the doors or bite the babies. The roaches, they were just live part of the family.I wonder how she felt telling those white kids she took care of to brush their teeth after they ate, to wash their hands after they peed. She could never tell her own kids because there was n’t soap or water backhome.I wonder how my Momma felt when we came home from school with a list of vitamins and pills and cod liver oil the school nurse said we had to have. Momma would cry all night, and then go out and spend most of the rent money for pills. A week later, the white man would come for his eighteen dollars rent and Momma would plead with him to wait until tomorrow. She had lost her pocketbook. The relief check was coming. The white fold had some money for her. Tomorrow, I’d be hiding in the coal closet because there was only supposed to be two kids in the flat, and I could hear the rent man curse my Momma and call her a liar.I wonder how my Momma stayed so good and beautiful in her soul when she worked seven days a week on swollen legs and feel, how she kept teaching us to smile and laugh when the house was dark and cold and she never knew when one of her hungry kids was going to ask about Daddy.I wonder how she kept from teaching us hate when the social worker cam around. She was a nasty bitch with a pinched face who said, “We have reason to suspect you are working, Miss Gregory, and you can be sure I’m going to check on you. We don’t stand for welfare cheaters.”Momma, a welfare cheater. A criminal who couldn’t stand to see her kids go hungry, or grow up in slums and end up mugging people in dark corners. I guess the system didn’t want her to get off relief, the way it kept sending social workers around to be sure Momma wasn’t trying to make things better.I remember how that social worker would poke around the house, wrinkling her nose at the coal dust on the chilly linoleum floor, shaking her head at the buds crawling over the dirty dishes in the sink. My Momma would have to stand there and make like she was too lazy to keep her own house clean. She could never let on that she spent all day cleaning another woman’s house for two dollars and carfare. She would have to follow that nasty bitch around those drafty three rooms, keeping her fingers crossed that the telephone hidden in the closet wouldn’t ring. Welfare cases weren’t supposed to have telephone.But Momma figured that some day the Gregory kids were going to get off North Taylor Street and into a world where they would have to compete with kids who grew up with telephones in their houses. She didn’t want us to be at a disadvantage. She couldn’t explain that to social worker. And she couldn’t explain that while she was out spoon-feeding somebody else’s kids, she was worrying about her own kids, that she could rest her mind by picking up the telephone and calling us-to find out if we had bread for our baloney or baloney for our bread, to see if any of us and gotten run over by the streetcar while we played in the gutter, to make sure the house hadn’t burnt down from the papers and magazines we stuffed in the stove when the coal ran out.11. From the passage, we can learn that the author’s mother was _____.A) cynical and lazyB) optimistic and hard-workingC) critical and passiveD) pessimistic and intolerant12. Implied but not stated about the author’s family is that ____.A) the family lived in a rented flatB) the father didn’t live with themC) the family was actually very richD) the author’s mother got divorced several times13. Why did the author’s mother smile and say those words when the big relief truck came?A) Because she was greeting the truck driver.B) Because she was trying to relieve her nervousness.C) Because she did not want her children to feel inferior to their neighbors.D) Because she was proud in accepting this kind of service.14. When the family were driven out of the rented flat, the author’s mother ____.A) cursed her bad luck and gave up in despairB) was indignant and criticized her children severely for disobeying herC) was frantic and looked for a flat everywhereD) appeared calm and managed to solve the problem by persuading the landlord to let them back15. Why did the author have to hide in the coal closet when the landlord came to collect rent?A) Because the author wanted to play games with the landlord.B) Because there was no room for the author to stay in.C) Because the author wanted to frighten the landlord away.D) Because the landlord allowed only two children in the flat.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (每题1.5分，共30分)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose ONE answer that completed the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16. If I work hard, I think I can _________ my goal of getting 6 A’s at the end of the semester.A) manage B) summarize C) accomplish D) apply17. Their investment turned out to be a failure and the manager was accused of _________ his duties.A) inserting B) investigating C) distracting D) neglecting18. He could be ________ about everything else in the world, but not about Manet, his loving child.A) extreme B) essential C) visual D) critical19. If you want to be a good speaker, you must _________ your own style of writing.A) contrast B) continue C) exaggerate D) evolve20. The school will give_________ to English and computer studies.A) principle B) priority C) principal D) proof21. I chose my words carefully in order to avoid _________ anyone.A) evolving B) emerging C) embarrassing D) exaggerating22. They claimed that they knew how to play the system and __________ it.A) hold to B) blend into C) make up for D) get away with23. These college students _______ being praised because of saving the drowned child.A) dessert B) desert C) deserve D) assert24. His thoughts were _________ from the subject by the arrival of his friends.A) attracted B) suffered C) distracted D) related25. The young man knew __________ that he should have married his first love Emily.A) in retrospect B) on occasion C) in due course D) in the least26. Witnesses showed the police the exact __________ of the accident.A) proof B) treatment C) location D) contrast27. Highly trained staff are well __________ to give practical advice to students when they select courses.A) stretched B) interrupted C) disturbed D) qualified28. Vivid memories came flooding back of the __________, romantic sophomore year.A) enormous B) glorious C)delicious D) conscientious29. The international community is ready to work __________ against terrorism.A) in unison B) from all accounts C) on their own D) to the point30. Though online bookstores usually offer ________, don’t expect to save much.A) priorities B) exceptions C) discounts D) rewards31. The police department attempted to ____________ the list of suspects.A) narrow down B) take in C) come over D) hand down32. New employees who __________ in the last six weeks have not been tested.A) came aboard B) laid down C) opened up D) carried on33. After __________ all her ready excuses, she could think of nothing else to say.A) swallowing B) exhausting C) consuming D) inventing34. The college has a few ways to assess the quality of education __________.A) overall B) emotionally C) relevantly D) gloriously35. Members of the club __________ controversial issues such as religion.A) hold to B) catch up with C) steer clear of D) come up toPart III Cloze （第一篇每空1.5分；第二篇每空1分，共25分）Directions:There are two passages in this part. There are 20 blanks in the following passages. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1With a few exceptions my Chinese colleagues ___36__the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel. Since adults know how to place the key in the key slot, which is the ___37___ purpose of approaching the slot, and since the child is neither old enough nor clever enough to realize ___38___ the action on his own, what possible gain is achieved by having him struggle? He may well get ___39__and angry-----certainly not a desirable outcome. Why not show him what to do? He will be happy, he will learn how to accomplish the task sooner, and then he can ___40__to more complex activities, like opening the door or asking for the key---both of which accomplishments can (and should) in due course be modeled for him as well.We listened to such explanations ___41___and explained that, first of all, we did not much care whether Benjamin succeeded in inserting the key into the slot. He was having a good time and was exploring, two activities that did matter to us. But the critical point was that, in the___42__, we were trying to teach Benjamin that one can solve a problem effectively by oneself. Such __43__ is a principal value of child rearing in middle-class American. So long as the child is shown exactly how to do something ------ whether it __44__ a key in a key slot , drawing a hen or making up for a misdeed---he is less likely to figure out himself how to accomplish such a task. And, more generally, he is less __45__ to view life------ as Americans do ------ as a series of situations in which one has to learn to think for oneself, to solve problems on one’s own and even to discover new problems for which creative solutions are wanted.36. A) to be displayed B) displayed C) displaying D) to displayed37. A) ultimate B) relevant C) due D) remote38. A) desire B) desiring C) desired D) desirable39. A) frustrated B) confused C) stunned D) involved40. A) proceed B) decide C) select D) solve41. A) reluctantly B) certainly C) continually D) sympathetically42. A) following B) project C) course D) process43. A) self-reliance B) self-esteem C) self-support D) self-confidence44. A) is placed B) was placed C) be placed D) be placing45. A) unlikely B) likely C) willingly D) unwillinglyPassage 2Once he campaigned his way to the presidency, Carter occasionally managed ___46___ slip in a few hours at the carpenter's shed at Camp David, because, in his ___47___, "What we need in our lives is a stock of factors that never change. I think that skill with ___48___ own hands -- whether it's tilling the soil, building a house, making a piece of furniture, playing ___49___ violin or painting a painting -- is something that doesn't change with the ups and downs of life. And for me, going back to the earth or going back to the woodshop have always been opportunities to___50___ my basic skills. No matter if I was ___51___ in writing a book, ___52___ a political campaign, teaching at Emory University or dealing with international ___53___, I could always go back -- at least for a few hours at a time -- to the woodshop. That's meant an ___54___ lot to me. It's a kind of ___55___, but it's also a steadying force in my life -- a total rest for my mind.46. A) in B) to C) on D) for47. A) idea B) sense C) opinion D) mind48. A) his B) one’s C) their D) our49. A) an B) the C) / D) a50. A) practice B) accomplish C) prove D) reinforce51. A) involved B) involving C) involves D) involve52. A) conducting B) going C) protesting D) carrying53. A) incidents B) stories C) events D) affairs54. A) awed B) awful C) awesome D) awe55. A) therapy B) treatment C) medicine D) cure。

2020-2021学年南昌大学附属中学高三英语期中考试试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABob and Sue Harvey spent nine years as resident fellows in a dormitory at Sanford and in their bookVirtual Reality and The College Freshman, they write “The Freshman oftenfaces an identity problem during the first semester.” College is a more pressured environment than it used to be, in part because the academic gap between high school and college has increased. Many college freshmen have never had to make independent decisions about sex, drugs and alcohol. Most don’t know how to manage their time or money. They often feel lonely and overwhelmed, resulting in anxiety and depression.Nancy Corbin, director of clinical service for student-counseling (咨询) services at Iowa State University, says her office is seeing a significant increase in requests for counseling from freshmen who are having trouble making the adjustment to college life. She says older teenagers increasingly lack the skills to deal with personal problems that aren’t easily defined or fixed. And they get homesick but have a hard time admitting it.Parents and high schools can make things easier on freshmen by preparing them differently. For example, by teaching them to budget their hours and dollars. The Harveys think high schools should offer a college-life course. “Parents need to focus more on relationship and personal issues and less on how many sheets and towels to take,” they say. Many homesick freshmen think they’ll be regarded as failures if they come home before Thanksgiving. So parents can help by letting them know they’re welcome to return if they feel the need. In the meantime, parents have to find new ways to keep in touch with their college kids. One of the best ways is e-mail. It’s less unpleasant and less expensive than constant phone calls and is more likely to be answered than a handwritten letter.1. Why is the first semester difficult for freshmen in college?A. Because they often fail in exams.B. Because they lack time and money.C. Because they are too homesick to make new friends.D. Because they have to settle personal issues on their own.2. In the last paragraph, it is suggested that ________.A. parents should stop buying anything for their kidsB. parents should develop a good relationship with their kidsC. parents should be taught how to send e-mails to their kidsD. parents should work with high schools in college-life courses3. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Hard Life of College FreshmenB. Approaches to Trouble in CollegeC. Freshmen’s Adaptation ProblemsD. A Strange Phenomenon in CollegeBIt was New Year time, but I wasn’tlooking forward to it. That winter, my mother and my stepfather moved our family toSouthern California. My brother and I were leaving our ruralAlabamabehind. This would be our first New Year away fromAlabama. My mother took toCalifornialike a swan to a royal lake. My athletic little brother, Paul, was keyed up at a climate that allowed him to go to the beach whenever he wanted.I, however, was a fat child with heavy southern pronunciation. My first day in the new class, I introduced myself in a low voice. The moment I opened my mouth to speak, the whole class burst into laughter, “He talks funny.” It was so frustrating that I went to place a call to Granny Smith after school, who was my biggest support, But I didn’t get through.On Sunday evening, the phone rang. It was Granny. She often took advantage of the discounted long-distance rates on Sundays. She said she’d shipped a New Year package. Sure enough, it arrived. Surprised at the box, large enough to hold a small refrigerator, we eagerly tore it open. The smell of Granny’s house filled the room: a combination of fried meat, sausages, furniture polish and decorations. Her house was tiny and always filled withtackyholiday decorations and homemade food before New Year. But in my childhood eyes, it was precious and fantastic.There were countless tins and containers. We open hem to discover piles of holiday treats. She even included our traditional candy bats. The box was as bottomless as a magical box. There, beneath all these, was familiar holiday.Every New Year that we spent inCalifornia, the postal service would call and say our package was arrived. Over the years, many treasures arrived in the box. For me, it’s always been the best part of the holiday.4. How did the author’s brother feel when they were moving toCalifornia?A. Indifferent.B. Joyful.C. Appreciative.D. Disappointed.5. Why did the author’s classmates laugh at him?A. He spoke in a low voice.B. He made a humorous talk.C. He looked overweight.D. He had a strong accent.6. What does the underlined word “tacky” probably mean?A. Suitable.B. Expensive.C. Cheap.D. Attractive.7. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?A. Granny’s Care PackageB. An UnforgettableHolidayC. Our Move toCaliforniaD. A Telephone Call from GrannyCJapan's prime minister encouraged the decision to ban viewers, even family members, by issuing a state of emergency order in Tokyo earlier this month in response to rising COVID-19 case numbers.From the perspective of sports psychologists, an Olympics without fans is a real-life science experiment that is helping researchers and clinicians to comb through the true impact of a crowd of fans on its players—and on viewers at home. The strange circumstances under which the games are held may place unexpected pressure on some athletes. On Tuesday, superstar gymnast Simone Biles dropped out of the women's team event, telling teammates and reporters she wasn't in the right “headspace” to compete. “It's been really stressful this Olympic Games. There are a lot of different variables going into it,” Biles told the Washington Post.The 2020 Summer Olympics bears similarities and differences to other major sporting events without viewers. The English Premier League supplemented (增加) game broadcasts with crowd noise from the soccer video game FIFA 20, mixed with game audio in real time. A Taiwanese baseball team and German soccer team began populating stands with cardboard cutouts of fans, and the trend caught on internationally.Jamey Houle, the lead sports psychologist for Ohio State University Athletics and a former Al-American gymnast, says competitive athletes are trained in visualization— imagining performing a certain action or motion, such as doing a roundoff back handspring in gymnastics. Without moving a muscle, players using visualization can solidify neural (神经的) connections and activate their motor cortex (皮层). To visualize most effectively, Houle says, athletes working with sports psychologists will try to simulate as closely as possible the conditions of actual gameplay. Empty stadiums may thus have a measurable impact on players' performance. This phenomenon is grounded in a psychological concept called “social facilitation”, referring to a change in a person's performance that occurs when others are around compared to when a person is alone.8. What caused Biles to drop out of the women's team event?A. The poor physical condition.B. The absence of the audience.C. The fiercely competitive event.D. The influence of crowds of fans.9. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. The Taiwanese baseball team is a success.B. The tendency mentioned is popular among some sporting events.C. The 2020 Summer Olympics is stricter in preventing the pandemic.D. The crowd noise plays a leading role in the English Premier League.10. How does Houle explain the impact of empty stadiums on players' performance?A. By doing a roundoff back handspring.B. By simulating the conditions of actual gameplay.C. By using the concept called social facilitation.D. By changing the viewers of a player.11. What message does the author mainly convey in the text?A. Athletes should be trained in visualization.B. Audience should be admitted to the Olympics.C. Social facilitation is helpful to sporting events.D. Viewers present may influence players' performance.DA company called Neuralink has shared a video where a monkey is playing a video game. That' s fairly unusual, but what makes the video even stranger is that the monkey is playing the video game with just his mind.The monkey in the video is called Pager who has two of Neuralink's special "Link" devices(装置)inside his brain. The devices planted in Pager's brain are connected to 2,048 wires which lead to the parts of Pager's brain that control movements of the arms and hands.Scientists taught Pager to play a video game. At first, Pager controlled the video game using a joystick it, which is a normal gaming controller. But as Pager played, his Link devices wirelessly sent out information about the signals his brain was using to control his arms and hands. Neuralink's scientists recorded all of these signals.Then they used computers to match the signals from Pager's brain to the movements that his hands were actually doing. This was the most difficult work and the scientists counted on artificial intelligence ( AI) to help them decode(解码)Pager's brain signals.The final step was to have a computer make moves inthe video game as if Pager had actually moved the joystick. If Pager thought about moving the joystick up, the computer would send an “up” signal to the video game.At first, the researchers let Pager keep moving the joystick with his hand, even though it was no longer connected to the computer. But soon Pager was able to play the video game using just his brain.Even though Neuralink's work right now focuses on animals and video games, there's a very serious purposebehind it. Neuralink wants to make it possible for humans who have lost the ability to make physical movements to interact with the world around them.12. What are “Link” devices used to do?A. To pick up the arms' and hands' signals.B. To link the computer to the monkey's brain.C. To send out information about the brain's signals.D. To control movements of the arms and hands.13. What challenged scientists most in the study?A. Recording and sending out body signals.B. Training Pager to use the joystick correctly.C. Planting "Link" devices into Pager's brain.D. Matching brain signals to body movements.14. What is Neuralink's real purpose of the study?A. To test artificial intelligence.B. To help those without arms or legs.C. To study how animals play video games.D. To develop more complex video games.15. What can be the best title for the text?A. Video Games for Animals Are Developed.B. Science Proves the Intelligence of Monkeys.C. Monkey Plays Video Games Using His Mind.D. Neuralink Is Leading the World in Technology.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年南昌大学附属中学高三英语上学期期中试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWelcome to join our Summer Youth Language Program to improve English language skills, make new friends worldwide. and have a good time here! The program capacity is limited, so if you are interested, you should register as soon as possible.Dates andCostsAll programs require a $ 100 nonrefundable deposit (不退还的押金)to reserve a spot in the program.June 15—July 16 5-week program：( $ 1920)July 20—August 20 5-week program：( $ 1920)June 15—August 20 10-week program：( $ 3620)You can also study with us for shorter periods. 4-week programs cost $ 1580 tuition and 3-week programs cost $ 1240.DiscountsThere is a 10% discount for each additional family member!Appropriate AgesRecommended Ages：14 and olderRestrictions：Students who are younger than 16 must have a parent or guardian with them.Program ScheduleIn the morning, you will join the all-aged Intensive English classes from 9：00 am to 2：00 pm, Monday to Thursday, where they can meet other students from worldwide. In the afternoonfrom 2 to 3 pm, we will have fun after-school activities, like soccer in the Park, visit toScienceMuseumand story writing competition.Items Students Should BringClothes：Shirts, a jacket, long pants ,a swimsuit and comfortable shoes, etc.Other personal items：Camera phone? plug adapter, photos of friends/family.Study materials：Notebooks, pens, and pencils.Airport Safe Items：Don't bring foods and snacks, or they'll be charged before you board the airport.1. How much will be charged if you and your brother join in a 3-week program?A. $ 1920,B. $ 2356.C. $3002.D. $ 3620.2. What will participants do at 2：30 pm on Monday?municate with foreign students.B. Attend intensive English classes.C. Join in some interesting activities.D. Talk with their parents on the phone.3. Why should students avoid bringing foods and snacks?A. To save space for their luggage.B. To protect the environment.C. To avoid any unwanted fees.D. To follow the rules of the airport.BAt first glance, there is nothing unusual about BingoBox’s convenience store–shelves packed with snacks line the walls, attracting passers-by through the glass windows. But upon closer look, BingoBox is no ordinary store. The door unlocks only after customers scan (扫描) aQR code to enter, and there is no cashier — just a lone checkout counter (柜台) in a corner. The Shanghai-based company is one of many unmanned store operators (运营者) opening outlets all over China, hoping to improve slim profit by reducing staff costs.“Ifstaff costs rise quickly, that puts greater pressure on low-profit businesses like convenience stores and supermarkets,” said Andrew Song, an analyst at Guotai Junan Securities. “InChina, manpower costs have been rising ly quickly.”However, the future vision of shopping without a check-out person is still a work in progress. A Post reporter who visited a BingoBox store inShanghaiwas briefly locked in when trying to exit without buying anything. Although a sign near the exit stated that empty-handed customers can leave by scanning a QR code, no QR code was to be found. Repeated calls to the customer service hotline went unanswered.The idea of unmanned stores first caught the world’s attention in December last year. Equipped with technology such as RFID tags, mobile payment systems and facial and movement recognition, such stores collect large amounts of data that give operators a better idea of consumer preferences and buying habits, which can then be used to optimize (使最优化) operations and make more efficient inventory decisions. For companies like BingoBox, lower operating costs also mean it can afford to expand its reach to areas with less foot traffic or fewer people, according to its founder and chief executive ChenZilin.4. What makes BingoBox store look like an ordinary convenience store?A. No cashier to check out.B. A lone checkout counter.C. Shelves packed with goods.D. Entering by scanning a QR code.5. Why are unmanned stores popular with operators?A. The customers prefer mobile payment systems.B. The unmanned stores help improve profit with lower labor costs.C. The employees focus on consumer preferences and buying habits.D. The operators care more about operations and inventory decisions.6. Why is the reporter’s case mentioned in the passage?A. To show his anger and dissatisfaction.B. To warn people not to go to a BingoBox store.C. To explain unmanned stores still have a long way to go.D. To complain that QR code service is not convenient at all..7. What can we infer from the chief executive Chen Zilin?A. Nowadays all stores should be equipped with advanced technology.B. The operators collect data about consumer preferences and buying habits.C. BingoBox made wiser decisions based on the data collected in those unmanned stores.D. The operators can open unmanned supermarkets in more distant places with low cost.CA new look for technology, Solestrom’s new high-tech swimsuits promise to stand out all summer long. First in their new products is Solestrom’s new SmartSwimCMUV Smart Bikini featuring a smart UV meter.The bikini collects UV information through a smart fabric belt and reports the UV index to the wearer with 0.01 exactness. The electronic parts are neatly built into the removable belt, and can be worn even underwater. Next in the list is a lower cost cousin, the SmartSwimCMUV Index Detector Bikini, which has UV sensitive beads that change color1 with the level of UV intensity. The reading gives more of a range rather than an exact number, but for those who simply need to know if the UV is low, moderate or high, this bikini fits the bill.It is now available in Banana Split, more color1 s may become available later in the season. And finally, what could be better than a beach tote with built in energy source? No need to suffer dead batteries in your MP3, just plug them into your Solar Powered Beach Tote for on-the-go mobile charging. This beach tote combines fashion and functionality all in one, lightweight and roomy beach accessory. A built in solar panel charges fully most small electronics in only 2-3 hours of sunlight. Pauline Butler, Media Relations Manger at Solestrom states “the conceptof blending fashion and technology is growing at amazing rate, and we are right on the leading edge. Our products are new, creative and meet the need of the young and environmentally conscious crowd.’’Solestrom’s SmartSwinirCMproducts retail from $98. 99- $189. 99，and can be found in their online store, Solestrom. com.8. What is the passage mainly about?A. Famous Solestrom and its Products.B. Fashionable and Functional Beach Tote.C. Smart swimsuits and Solar Powered Beach Tote.D. Where and How to Buy SmartSwirn and the Beach Tote.9. Why are UV sensitive beads used in the SmartSwirnCMUV Index Detector Bikini?A. To give an exact number.B. To know if the UV is low, moderate or high.C. To change color1 with the level of UV intensity.D. To improve the equality of the UV Index Detector Bikini.10. What can we know about Solar Powered Beach Tote?A. Its parts are fixed in the belt.B. It combines lightweight and functionality.C. It can tell the weaver the level of UV intensity.D. It saves people from worrying about dead batteries in their MP3.11. Who will prefer the new products mentioned in the text?A. The young people and the environmentalists.B. People who like to travel all over the world.C. People who love to buy goods online.D. People interested in the latest bag.DIt’s a big change from homeless teen to Yale (耶鲁)medical school student, butperseverancepaid off for Chelesa Fearce of Clayton County, Georgia.Fearce was a fourth grader when her mom was diagnosed (诊断) with Lymphoma (淋巴瘤).That began a hard time for the family. They had to move in and out of shelters,hotels and even the family car.“I know I have been made stronger. I was homeless. My family slept on the floor and we were lucky if we got more than one full meal a day. Getting a shower, food and clean clothes was an everyday struggle,” Fearce said in a speech she gave at her high school graduation ceremony. Fearce overcame her day-to-day struggles by focusingon a better day. “I just told myself to keep working, because the future will not be like this anymore. And that helped me get through,” she told WSBTV.Fearce was determined to be a good role model for her younger sister. She found inspiration in her late grandmother, struggling with deadly diseases, who gave Fearce emotional support. In her junior and senior year, Fearce took both high school and college courses, missing out on the free meals she depended on so she could get to her college classes. Despite having to use her cellphone to study after the shelter lights were turned off at night, she not only graduated as valedictorian (毕业生代表) of her 2013 class with a 4.5 grade average, but was also given a ride scholarship—including a meal plan to Spelman College in Atlanta.After graduation, she worked full time for two years at the National Institutes for Health inBethesda,Maryland,doing research on drugs. Last fall, she entered Yale and set a course to earn both a PhD and medical degree.12. What does the underlined word “perseverance” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. instant passion.B. continuous efforts.C. great patience.D. selfless ambitions.13. How did Fearce feel facing the sufferings?A. Sad and disappointed.B. Stressed and defeated.C. Determined and confident.D. Joyous and contented.14. What can we know about Fearce’s learning experience?A. Her grandma encouraged her to study medicine.B. Her high school offered her free meals and courses.C. She failed to study late due to frequent power cut.D. She gained remarkable high school achievement.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. From Homeless to YaleB. Meet American’s Top GirlC. Disabled but not DefeatedD. Chelesa Fearce: A Girl of Many Talents第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

江西省南昌大学附中2018-2019学年上学期期中考试高二数学试卷一.选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．直线x+3y+1=0的倾斜角是( )A．B．C．D．2．二圆C1：x2+y2=1和C2：x2+y2﹣4x﹣5=0的位置关系是( )A．相交 B．外切 C．内切 D．外离3．命题“若a2+b2=0，则a=0且b=0”的逆否命题是( )A．若a2+b2≠0，则a≠0且b≠0B．若a2+b2≠0，则a≠0或b≠0C．若a=0且b=0，则a2+b2≠0D．若a≠0或b≠0，则a2+b2≠04．已知双曲线的离心率为，则双曲线的渐近线方程为( ) A．B．C．y=±2x D．5．若抛物线y2=2px的焦点与椭圆的右焦点重合，则p的值为( )A．﹣2 B．2 C．﹣4 D．46．“1＜m＜2”是“方程+=1表示的曲线是焦点在y轴上的椭圆”的( )A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充要条件 D．既不充分也不必要条件7．双曲线C：﹣=1（a＞0，b＞0）的离心率为2，焦点到渐近线的距离为，则C的焦距等于( ) A．2 B．2 C．4 D．48．已知圆x2﹣2x+y2﹣2my+2m﹣1=0，当圆的面积最小时，直线y=x+b与圆相切，则b=( )A．±1B．1 C．D．9．已知点A（3，4），F是抛物线y2=8x的焦点，M是抛物线上的动点，当|MA|+|MF|最小时，M点坐标是( ) A．（0，0）B．（3，2）C．（2，4）D．（3，﹣2）10．下列说法正确的个数为( )（1）椭圆x2+my2=1的焦点在x轴上，长轴长是短轴长的2倍，则m的值为4．（2）直线L：ax+y﹣a=0在x轴和y轴上的截距互为相反数，则a的值是﹣1（3）圆x2+y2=9的弦过点P（1，2），当弦长最短时，圆心到弦的距离为2．（4）等轴双曲线的离心率为1．A．2 B．3 C．4 D．111．若椭圆的离心率，右焦点为F（c，0），方程ax2+2bx+c=0的两个实数根分别是x1和x2，则点P（x1，x2）到原点的距离为( )A．B．C．2 D．12．已知点F（﹣c，0）（c＞0）是双曲线的左焦点，离心率为e，过F且平行于双曲线渐近线的直线与圆x2+y2=c2交于点P，且点P在抛物线y2=4cx上，则e2=( )A．B．C．D．二．填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分.13．设y2=4px（p＞0）上横坐标为6的点到焦点的距离为10，则抛物线的解析式__________．14．过直线L：x+y﹣2=0上一动点P作圆O：x2+y2=1两切线，切点分别为A，B，则四边形OAPB面积的最小值为__________．15．设F1，F2是双曲线的两个焦点，P是双曲线与椭圆的一个公共点，则△PF1F2的面积等于__________．16．下面给出的四个命题中：①以抛物线y2=4x的焦点为圆心，且过坐标原点的圆的方程为（x﹣1）2+y2=1；②点（1，2）关于直线L：X﹣Y+2=0对称的点的坐标为（0，3）．③命题“∃x∈R，使得x2+3x+4=0”的否定是“∀x∈R，都有x2+3x+4≠0”；④命题：过点（0，1）作直线，使它与抛物线y2=4x仅有一个公共点，这样的直线有2条．其中是真命题的有__________（将你认为正确的序号都填上）．三．解答题：本大题共6个小题，17题10分，其它各题每题12分，共70分.解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤.17．已知直线l1：3x+4y﹣2=0与l2：2x+y+2=0的交点为P．（Ⅰ）求交点P的坐标；（Ⅱ）求过点P且平行于直线l3：x﹣2y﹣1=0的直线方程；（Ⅲ）求过点P且垂直于直线l3：x﹣2y﹣1=0直线方程．18．已知双曲线C：=1（a＞0，b＞0）的离心率为，实轴长为2；（1）求双曲线C的标准方程；（2）已知直线x﹣y+m=0与双曲线C交于不同的两点A，B，且线段AB的中点在圆x2+y2=5上，求实数m的值．19．已知圆C经过点A（2，﹣1），和直线x+y=1相切，且圆心在直线y=﹣2x上．（Ⅰ）求圆C的方程；（Ⅱ）已知直线l经过原点，并且被圆C截得的弦长为2，求直线l的方程．20．已知椭圆与双曲线的焦点相同，且它们的离心率之和等于．（Ⅰ）求椭圆方程；（Ⅱ）过椭圆内一点M（1，1）作一条弦AB，使该弦被点M平分，求弦AB所在直线方程．21．已知椭圆C：+=1（a＞b＞0）经过点M（1，），其离心率为，设直线l：y=kx+m与椭圆C 相交于A、B两点．（1）求椭圆C的方程；（2）已知直线l与圆x2+y2=相切，求证：OA⊥OB（O为坐标原点）．22．在平面直角坐标系xOy中，直线L与抛物线y2=4x相交于不同的A、B两点．且•=﹣4．（1）证明直线L必过一定点，并求出该定点．（2）求线段AB的中点P的轨迹方程．（3）求三角形AOB面积最小时，直线AB的方程．江西省南昌大学附中2018-2019学年高二上学期期中考试数学试卷参考答案一.选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．直线x+3y+1=0的倾斜角是( )A．B．C．D．【考点】直线的倾斜角．【专题】计算题；直线与圆．【分析】求出直线的斜率，即可求出直线的倾斜角．【解答】解：直线x+3y+1=0的斜率是﹣，倾斜角是，故选：D．【点评】本题考查了直线的倾斜角与斜率的关系，属于基础题．2．二圆C1：x2+y2=1和C2：x2+y2﹣4x﹣5=0的位置关系是( )A．相交 B．外切 C．内切 D．外离【考点】圆与圆的位置关系及其判定．【专题】直线与圆．【分析】先求出两圆的圆心和半径，根据两圆的圆心距等于两圆的半径之和，得出两圆相外切．【解答】解：圆x2+y2﹣4x﹣5=0 即（x﹣2）2+y2=9，表示以（2，0）为圆心，以3为半径的圆，两圆的圆心距为2，正好等于两圆的半径之差，故两圆相内切，故选C．【点评】本题考查两圆的位置关系，由两圆的圆心距等于两圆的半径之和与差，得出两圆的位置关系．3．命题“若a2+b2=0，则a=0且b=0”的逆否命题是( )A．若a2+b2≠0，则a≠0且b≠0B．若a2+b2≠0，则a≠0或b≠0C．若a=0且b=0，则a2+b2≠0D．若a≠0或b≠0，则a2+b2≠0【考点】四种命题．【专题】常规题型．【分析】若原命题是“若p，则q”，则逆否命题是“若非q，则非p”也就是将命题的条件与结论都否定，再进行互换．由此分别将“a2+b2=0”、“a=0且b=0”否定，得到否命题，再将其改成逆命题，就不难得出正确答案．【解答】解：∵原命题是若a2+b2=0，则“a=0且b=0”∴否命题是“若a2+b2≠0，则a≠0或b≠0”从而得到逆否命题是“若a≠0或b≠0，则a2+b2≠0”故选D【点评】本题考查了原命题与逆否命题之间的关系，属于基础题．解题时应该注意含有逻辑词的条件的否定：“p且q”的否定是“非p或非q”．4．已知双曲线的离心率为，则双曲线的渐近线方程为( ) A．B．C．y=±2x D．【考点】双曲线的简单性质．【专题】计算题；方程思想；综合法；圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】根据题意，得双曲线的渐近线方程为y=±x．再由双曲线离心率为，得到c=a，由定义知b=a，代入即得此双曲线的渐近线方程．【解答】解：∵双曲线C方程为：，∴双曲线的渐近线方程为y=±x又∵双曲线离心率为，∴c=a，可得b= a因此，双曲线的渐近线方程为y=±x故选：A．【点评】本题给出双曲线的离心率，求双曲线的渐近线方程，着重考查了双曲线的标准方程与基本概念，属于基础题．5．若抛物线y2=2px的焦点与椭圆的右焦点重合，则p的值为( )A．﹣2 B．2 C．﹣4 D．4【考点】抛物线的简单性质．【专题】圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】先根据椭圆方程求出其右焦点的坐标，在于抛物线的性质可确定p的值．【解答】解：椭圆中，c2=6﹣2=4，即c=2，故椭圆的右焦点为（2，0），所以抛物线y2=2px的焦点为（2，0），则p=4，故选D．【点评】本题主要考查椭圆的简单性质和抛物线的标准方程，难度不大，属于基础题．6．“1＜m＜2”是“方程+=1表示的曲线是焦点在y轴上的椭圆”的( )A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充要条件 D．既不充分也不必要条件【考点】必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的判断．【专题】简易逻辑．【分析】根据椭圆的性质，结合充分条件和必要条件的定义进行判断即可．【解答】解：若方程+=1表示的曲线是焦点在y轴上的椭圆，则，即，解得1＜m＜2，即“1＜m＜2”是“方程+=1表示的曲线是焦点在y轴上的椭圆”的充要条件，故选：C【点评】本题主要考查充分条件和必要条件的判断，根据椭圆方程的性质是解决本题的关键．7．双曲线C：﹣=1（a＞0，b＞0）的离心率为2，焦点到渐近线的距离为，则C的焦距等于( ) A．2 B．2 C．4 D．4【考点】双曲线的简单性质．【专题】圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】根据双曲线的离心率以及焦点到直线的距离公式，建立方程组即可得到结论．【解答】解：∵：﹣=1（a＞0，b＞0）的离心率为2，∴e=，双曲线的渐近线方程为y=，不妨取y=，即bx﹣ay=0，则c=2a，b=，∵焦点F（c，0）到渐近线bx﹣ay=0的距离为，∴d=，即，解得c=2，则焦距为2c=4，故选：C【点评】本题主要考查是双曲线的基本运算，利用双曲线的离心率以及焦点到直线的距离公式，建立方程组是解决本题的关键，比较基础．8．已知圆x2﹣2x+y2﹣2my+2m﹣1=0，当圆的面积最小时，直线y=x+b与圆相切，则b=( )A．±1B．1 C．D．【考点】圆的切线方程．【专题】直线与圆．【分析】求出圆的圆心和半径，由二次函数的最值，可得最小值为1，m=1，再由直线和圆相切的条件：d=r，解方程即可得到b．【解答】解：圆x2﹣2x+y2﹣2my+2m﹣1=0的圆心为（1，m），半径为r=，当圆的面积最小时，半径r=1，此时m=1，即圆心为（1，1），由直线和圆相切的条件：d=r，可得=1，解得b=．故选：C．【点评】本题考查直线与圆的位置关系：相切，主要考查直线和圆相切的条件：d=r，同时考查点到直线的距离，属于基础题．9．已知点A（3，4），F是抛物线y2=8x的焦点，M是抛物线上的动点，当|MA|+|MF|最小时，M点坐标是( ) A．（0，0）B．（3，2）C．（2，4）D．（3，﹣2）【考点】抛物线的简单性质．【专题】圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】设抛物线的准线为l，过M作MB⊥l于B，过A作AC⊥l于C，利用抛物线的定义，可得结论．【解答】解：设抛物线的准线为l，过M作MB⊥l于B，过A作AC⊥l于C，由抛物线定义知|MF|=|MB|⇒|MA|+|MF|=|MA|+|MB|≥|AC|（折线段大于垂线段），当且仅当A，M，C三点共线取等号，即|MA|+|MF|最小．此时M的纵坐标为4，横坐标为2所以M（2，4）故选C．【点评】本题考查抛物线的定义，考查学生分析解决问题的能力，属于基础题．10．下列说法正确的个数为( )（1）椭圆x2+my2=1的焦点在x轴上，长轴长是短轴长的2倍，则m的值为4．（2）直线L：ax+y﹣a=0在x轴和y轴上的截距互为相反数，则a的值是﹣1（3）圆x2+y2=9的弦过点P（1，2），当弦长最短时，圆心到弦的距离为2．（4）等轴双曲线的离心率为1．A．2 B．3 C．4 D．1【考点】椭圆的简单性质；双曲线的简单性质．【专题】转化思想；数学模型法；圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】（1）由题意可得：1=，解得m，即可判断出；（2）当a=0时，y=0，不满足题意；当a≠0时，直线方程化为x+=1，则a的值是﹣1，即可判断出正误；（3）当弦长AB最短时，AB⊥OP，圆心到弦的距离d=OP，利用两点之间的距离个数即可得出．（4）等轴双曲线的离心率为．【解答】解：（1）椭圆x2+my2=1即=1的焦点在x轴上，长轴长是短轴长的2倍，1=，解得m=4，正确；（2）直线L：ax+y﹣a=0在x轴和y轴上的截距互为相反数，当a=0时，y=0，不满足题意；当a≠0时，直线方程化为x+=1，则a的值是﹣1，正确；（3）圆x2+y2=9的弦过点P（1，2），当弦长AB最短时，AB⊥OP，圆心到弦的距离d==，因此不正确．（4）等轴双曲线的离心率为，因此不正确．综上可得：正确命题的个数为2．故选：A．【点评】本题考查了圆锥曲线的标准方程及其性质，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于中档题．11．若椭圆的离心率，右焦点为F（c，0），方程ax2+2bx+c=0的两个实数根分别是x1和x2，则点P（x1，x2）到原点的距离为( )A．B．C．2 D．【考点】椭圆的简单性质；一元二次方程的根的分布与系数的关系；两点间距离公式的应用．【专题】计算题．【分析】利用一元二次方程根与系数的关系求出 x1 +x2 和x1 •x2 的值，再利用椭圆的简单性质求出P（x1，x2）到原点的距离．【解答】解：由题意知 x1 +x2 =﹣=﹣2 ，∴（x1+x2）2=4（1﹣e2）=3 ①，x1 •x2 ==②，由①②解得 x12+x22=2，故P（x1，x2）到原点的距离为=，故选 A．【点评】本题考查一元二次方程根与系数的关系，两点间的距离公式，椭圆的标准方程，以及椭圆的简单性质的应用．12．已知点F（﹣c，0）（c＞0）是双曲线的左焦点，离心率为e，过F且平行于双曲线渐近线的直线与圆x2+y2=c2交于点P，且点P在抛物线y2=4cx上，则e2=( )A．B．C．D．【考点】双曲线的简单性质．【专题】计算题；圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】利用抛物线的性质、双曲线的渐近线、直线平行的性质、圆的性质、相似三角形的性质即可得出．【解答】解：如图，设抛物线y2=4cx的准线为l，作PQ⊥l于Q，设双曲线的右焦点为F′，P（x，y）．由题意可知FF′为圆x2+y2=c2的直径，∴PF′⊥PF，且tan∠PFF′=，|FF′|=2c，满足，将①代入②得x2+4cx﹣c2=0，则x=﹣2c±c，即x=（﹣2）c，（负值舍去）代入③，即y=，再将y代入①得，=e2﹣1即e2=1+=．故选：D．【点评】本题考查双曲线的性质，掌握抛物线的性质、双曲线的渐近线、直线平行的性质、圆的性质是解题的关键．二．填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分.13．设y2=4px（p＞0）上横坐标为6的点到焦点的距离为10，则抛物线的解析式y2=16x．【考点】抛物线的简单性质．【专题】方程思想；定义法；圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】求得抛物线的焦点和准线的方程，运用抛物线的定义可得横坐标为6的点到焦点的距离为10，即有横坐标为6的点到准线的距离为10，解方程可得p=4，进而得到抛物线的方程．【解答】解：y2=4px（p＞0）的焦点为（p，0），准线方程为x=﹣p，由抛物线的定义可得，横坐标为6的点到焦点的距离为10，即有横坐标为6的点到准线的距离为10，即6+p=10，解得p=4，则抛物线的方程为y2=16x，故答案为：y2=16x．【点评】本题考查抛物线的解析式的求法，注意运用抛物线的定义，考查运算能力，属于基础题．14．过直线L：x+y﹣2=0上一动点P作圆O：x2+y2=1两切线，切点分别为A，B，则四边形OAPB面积的最小值为1．【考点】直线与圆的位置关系；圆的切线方程．【专题】计算题；转化思想；综合法；直线与圆．【分析】四边形PAOB为2个对称的直角三角形构成，由OA与OB为圆的半径，其值固定不变，得到当PO 最小值，四边形PAOB的面积最小，即圆心到直线的距离最小，利用点到直线的距离公式求出PO的长，利用勾股定理求出此时AP的长，利用三角形的面积公式求出两直角三角形的面积，即为四边形PAOB面积的最小值．【解答】解：由圆x2+y2=1，得到圆心O坐标为（0，0），半径r=1，又直线x+y﹣2=0，∴|PO|min==，又|OA|=1，∴在Rt△AOP中，利用勾股定理得：|AP|=1，则四边形PAOB面积的最小值S=2××|OA|×|AP|=1．故答案为：1．【点评】此题考查了直线与圆方程的应用，涉及的知识有：圆的标准方程，点到直线的距离公式，勾股定理，以及三角形面积的求法，其中根据题意得到|PO|的最小时，Rt△APO面积最小是解本题的关键．15．设F1，F2是双曲线的两个焦点，P是双曲线与椭圆的一个公共点，则△PF1F2的面积等于24．【考点】双曲线的简单性质．【专题】圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】由题意，|F1F2|=10，椭圆与双曲线共焦点，利用椭圆、双曲线的定义，求出△PF1F2的三边，即可求其面积．【解答】解：由题意，|F1F2|=10，椭圆与双曲线共焦点∵P是双曲线与椭圆的一个公共点，（不妨设是右支上一点）∴|PF1|+|PF2|=14，|PF1|﹣|PF2|=2，∴|PF1|=8，|PF2|=6，∵|F1F2|=10，∴△PF1F2是直角三角形，∴△PF1F2的面积等于=24．故答案为：24．【点评】本题考查三角形面积的计算，考查椭圆、双曲线的定义，求出△PF1F2的三边是关键．16．下面给出的四个命题中：①以抛物线y2=4x的焦点为圆心，且过坐标原点的圆的方程为（x﹣1）2+y2=1；②点（1，2）关于直线L：X﹣Y+2=0对称的点的坐标为（0，3）．③命题“∃x∈R，使得x2+3x+4=0”的否定是“∀x∈R，都有x2+3x+4≠0”；④命题：过点（0，1）作直线，使它与抛物线y2=4x仅有一个公共点，这样的直线有2条．其中是真命题的有①②③（将你认为正确的序号都填上）．【考点】命题的真假判断与应用．【专题】方程思想；转化思想；圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程；简易逻辑．【分析】①以抛物线y2=4x的焦点（1，0）为圆心，且过坐标原点的圆的半径为1，可得原点方程，即可判断出正误；②设点（1，2）关于直线L：X﹣Y+2=0对称的点的坐标为（x，y），则，解得即可判断出正误．③利用命题的否定定义即可判断出正误；④这样的直线有3条，分别为x=0，y=1，y=x+1，即可判断出正误．【解答】解：①以抛物线y2=4x的焦点（1，0）为圆心，且过坐标原点的圆的方程为（x﹣1）2+y2=1，正确；②设点（1，2）关于直线L：X﹣Y+2=0对称的点的坐标为（x，y），则，解得，因此所求对称点为（0，3），正确．③命题“∃x∈R，使得x2+3x+4=0”的否定是“∀x∈R，都有x2+3x+4≠0”，正确；④命题：过点（0，1）作直线，使它与抛物线y2=4x仅有一个公共点，这样的直线有3条，分别为x=0，y=1，y=x+1，因此不正确．其中是真命题的有①②③．故答案为：①②③．【点评】本题考查了圆锥曲线的判定方法、命题真假的判定方法，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于中档题．三．解答题：本大题共6个小题，17题10分，其它各题每题12分，共70分.解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤.17．已知直线l1：3x+4y﹣2=0与l2：2x+y+2=0的交点为P．（Ⅰ）求交点P的坐标；（Ⅱ）求过点P且平行于直线l3：x﹣2y﹣1=0的直线方程；（Ⅲ）求过点P且垂直于直线l3：x﹣2y﹣1=0直线方程．【考点】直线的一般式方程；两条直线的交点坐标．【专题】计算题．【分析】（Ⅰ）联立两直线的方程，得到一个关于x与y的二元一次方程组，求出方程组的解即可得到交点P的坐标；（Ⅱ）根据两直线平行时，斜率相等，由直线l3的斜率设出所求直线的方程为x﹣2y+m=0，把第一问求出的P的坐标代入即可确定出m的值，进而确定出所求直线的方程；（Ⅲ）根据两直线垂直时，斜率的乘积为﹣1，由直线l3的斜率求出所求直线的斜率，设出所求直线的方程，把P的坐标代入即可确定出所求直线的方程．【解答】（本小题满分12分）解：（Ⅰ）由，解得，所以点P的坐标是（﹣2，2）；…（Ⅱ）因为所求直线与l3平行，所以设所求直线的方程为 x﹣2y+m=0．把点P的坐标代入得﹣2﹣2×2+m=0，得m=6．故所求直线的方程为x﹣2y+6=0；…（Ⅲ）因为所求直线与l3垂直，所以设所求直线的方程为 2x+y+n=0．把点P的坐标代入得2×（﹣2）+2+n=0，得n=2．故所求直线的方程为 2x+y+2=0．…【点评】此题考查了直线的一般式方程，以及两直线的交点坐标，两直线方程的交点坐标的求法为：联立两直线的解析式组成方程组，求出方程组的解可得交点坐标，同时要求学生掌握两直线平行及垂直时斜率满足的关系．18．已知双曲线C：=1（a＞0，b＞0）的离心率为，实轴长为2；（1）求双曲线C的标准方程；（2）已知直线x﹣y+m=0与双曲线C交于不同的两点A，B，且线段AB的中点在圆x2+y2=5上，求实数m的值．【考点】直线与圆锥曲线的综合问题．【专题】圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】（1）依题意得2a=2，，由此能求出双曲线方程．（2）设点A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2）AB的中点M（x0，y0），由，得x2﹣2mx﹣m2﹣2=0，由此能求出实数m的值．【解答】解：（1）依题意得2a=2，a=1，…，∴，…∴b2=c2﹣a2=2，…∴双曲线方程为：…（2）设点A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2）AB的中点M（x0，y0），…由得x2﹣2mx﹣m2﹣2=0…，…∵点M在圆上，∴，∴m2+（2m）2=5，∴m=±1．…【点评】本题考查双曲线方程的求法，考查实数值的求法，是中档题，解题时要认真审题，注意函数与方程思想的合理运用．19．已知圆C经过点A（2，﹣1），和直线x+y=1相切，且圆心在直线y=﹣2x上．（Ⅰ）求圆C的方程；（Ⅱ）已知直线l经过原点，并且被圆C截得的弦长为2，求直线l的方程．【考点】直线与圆的位置关系；圆的标准方程．【专题】综合题；直线与圆．【分析】（Ⅰ）设出圆心的坐标为（a，﹣2a），利用两点间的距离公式表示出圆心到A的距离即为圆的半径，且根据圆与直线x+y=1相切，根据圆心到直线的距离等于圆的半径列出关于a的方程，求出方程的解得到a 的值，确定出圆心坐标，进而求出圆的半径，根据圆心和半径写出圆的标准方程即可．（Ⅱ）分类讨论，利用被圆C截得的弦长为2，求出直线的斜率，即可求直线l的方程．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）设所求圆心坐标为（a，﹣2a）由条件得=，化简得a2﹣2a+1=0，∴a=1，∴圆心为（1，﹣2），半径r=∴所求圆方程为（x﹣1）2+（y+2）2=2（Ⅱ）①当直线l的斜率不存在时，直线l的方程为x=0，此时直线l被圆C截得的弦长为2，满足条件．②当直线l的斜率存在时，设直线l的方程为y=kx，由题得=1，解得k=﹣，∴直线l的方程为y=﹣x．综上所述：直线l的方程为x=0或y=﹣x．【点评】本题考查了直线与圆的位置关系，涉及的知识有两点间的距离公式，点到直线的距离公式，圆的标准方程，当直线与圆相切时，圆心到直线的距离等于圆的半径，常常利用此性质列出方程来解决问题．20．已知椭圆与双曲线的焦点相同，且它们的离心率之和等于．（Ⅰ）求椭圆方程；（Ⅱ）过椭圆内一点M（1，1）作一条弦AB，使该弦被点M平分，求弦AB所在直线方程．【考点】双曲线的简单性质．【专题】计算题；直线与圆；圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】（Ⅰ）求出椭圆的焦点和离心率，进而得到双曲线的离心率和焦点，再由椭圆的a，b，c的关系，即可得到椭圆方程；（Ⅱ）设出弦AB的端点的坐标，代入椭圆方程和中点坐标公式，运用作差，结合平方差公式和斜率公式，由点斜式方程即可得到直线AB的方程．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）双曲线的焦点为（0，4），（0，﹣4），离心率为=2，则椭圆的方程为+=1（a＞b＞0），且离心率e==﹣2=，由于c=4，则a=5，b==3，则椭圆方程为+=1；（Ⅱ）设A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2），则x1+x2=2，y1+y2=2，+=1，+=1，两式相减可得，+=0，即有k AB==﹣，则直线AB所在方程为y﹣1=﹣（x﹣1），由于M在椭圆内，则弦AB存在．则所求直线AB的方程为25x+9y﹣34=0．【点评】本题考查椭圆和双曲线的方程和性质，考查离心率的求法，考查中点坐标公式和点差法的运用，考查运算能力，属于中档题．21．已知椭圆C：+=1（a＞b＞0）经过点M（1，），其离心率为，设直线l：y=kx+m与椭圆C 相交于A、B两点．（1）求椭圆C的方程；（2）已知直线l与圆x2+y2=相切，求证：OA⊥OB（O为坐标原点）．【考点】椭圆的简单性质．【专题】直线与圆；圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】（1）由离心率及a2=b2+c2，得a与b的关系式，再将点M的坐标代入椭圆方程中，求解关于a，b 的二元二次方程组，即得a2，b2，从而得椭圆的标准方程；（2）根据圆心到直线的距离等于圆的半径，得k与m的等量关系，要证明OA⊥OB，只需证明•=0即可，从而将数量积转化为坐标运算，联立直线l与椭圆方程，利用韦达定理消去坐标，得到关于k，m的代数式，再利用前面k与m的等量关系即可达到目的．【解答】解：（1）由离心率e==，a2=b2+c2，a2=2b2，即有椭圆方程为+=1，将M（1，）代入，得b2=1，a2=2，则所求椭圆方程为+y2=1．（2）证明：因为直线l与圆x2+y2=相切，所以=，即m2=（1+k2），由，得（1+2k2）x2+4kmx+2m2﹣2=0．设点A、B的坐标分别为A（x1，y1）、B（x2，y2），则x1+x2=﹣，x1x2=，所以y1y2=（kx1+m）（kx2+m）=k2x1x2+km（x1+x2）+m2=，所以•=x1x2+y1y2=+==0，故OA⊥OB．【点评】本题考查椭圆的方程和性质，主要考查椭圆的离心率公式和方程的运用，联立直线方程，运用韦达定理，同时考查直线和圆相切的条件，属于中档题．22．在平面直角坐标系xOy中，直线L与抛物线y2=4x相交于不同的A、B两点．且•=﹣4．（1）证明直线L必过一定点，并求出该定点．（2）求线段AB的中点P的轨迹方程．（3）求三角形AOB面积最小时，直线AB的方程．【考点】抛物线的简单性质．【专题】综合题；转化思想；综合法；圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】（1）设出直线的方程，同抛物线方程联立，得到关于y的一元二次方程，根据根与系数的关系表示出数量积，根据数量积等于﹣4，做出数量积表示式中的b的值，即得到定点的坐标．（2）假设线段中点坐标，利用中点坐标公式，寻找坐标之间的关系即可求得．（3）求出AB，原点到直线l的距离，可得面积，即可求出三角形AOB面积最小时，直线AB的方程．【解答】（1）证明：设l：x=ty+b，代入抛物线方程y2=4x中得，y2﹣4ty﹣4b=0，设A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2），则y1+y2=4t，y1y2=﹣4b，…∴=，令b2﹣4b=﹣4，∴b2﹣4b+4=0，b=2，∴直线l过定点（2，0），∴若，则直线l必过一定点…（2）解：设P（x，y）由（1）得：y1+y2=4t，y1y2=﹣4bb=2得x1+x2=4t2+4，∴x=2t2+2，y=2t消去t得P点的轨迹方程为：y2=2x﹣2…（3）解：AB=，原点到直线l的距离（式子中k为t）∴当k=0时，三角形AOB面的最小，最小值是…．【点评】本题主要考查向量的数量积的运算，考查轨迹方程的求解，利用了代入法，属于中档题．。

2020年南昌大学附属中学高三生物下学期期中考试试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. ATP是细胞的能量“通货”。

下列相关叙述正确的是A. A TP中的A代表腺嘌呤B. A TP中的T代表胸腺嘧啶C. A TP的结构简式可表示为A—P～P～PD. A TP中靠近A的高能磷酸键易水解2. 下列对细胞生物细胞器的理解，正确的是（）A.细胞器只存在于真核生物的细胞中B.细胞内蛋白质的合成场所不一定是核糖体C.内质网、高尔基体、中心体的存在增大了细胞内部的膜面积D.线粒体和叶绿体内均含有遗传物质，都能进行转录和翻译过程3. 无机盐在细胞中含量较少，但对细胞的生命活动很重要。

下列关于无机盐的叙述中的（）A. 萌发种子烘干燃烧后的灰烬为无机盐，是种子萌发过程中从土壤中吸收的B. 植物液泡中含有无机盐，无机盐浓度大小决定植物细胞的吸水或失水C. 农民有计划地更换种植的作物种类，有利于植物对矿质元素的有效利用D. 动物细胞外液中含量占明显优势的是Na+、K+，其有利于维持血浆渗透压的稳定4. 动物体内具有分裂和分化能力的细胞称为干细胞。

相关叙述中错误的是（）A.a过程表示干细胞能自我更新，主要通过有丝分裂实现B.b、c过程表示干细胞具有分化能力，是基因选择性表达的结果C.a、b、c过程中形成的三种细胞具有完全不同的蛋白质D.a、b、c过程中形成的三种细胞一般都具有相同的遗传信息5. 如下图为反射弧结构示意图，下列与此相关的表述中不正确的是：（）A. 图中包括了感受器、传入神经、神经中枢、传出神经和效应器B. 刺激d时，a处不能测出局部电流C. 在缩手反射中，b、c位于大脑皮层D.b和c决定了神经冲动只能从e处传到f处6. 为研究神经元之间的相互作用，分别用适宜强度的刺激进行如下实验：①只刺激a神经元，①只刺激b神经元，①先刺激a立即再刺激b。

结果c神经元的电位变化表现分别为曲线甲、乙、丙，下列分析正确的是（）A.刺激a神经元，c神经元产生电位变化，属于反射B.由图可推知，突触2释放的递质起抑制作用C.适宜强度刺激b神经元，b神经元不会产生电位变化D.若c神经元接受神经递质刺激能够分泌促激素释放激素，则c为垂体7. 关于神经系统的组成，下列说法中不正确的是（）A.中枢神经系统包括脑和脊髓B.外周神经系统中的脑神经仅负责管理头面部的感觉和运动C.传入神经又称为感觉神经，将接受到的信息传递到中枢神经系统D.传出神经可以分为支配躯体运动的神经和支配内脏器官的神经8. 细胞是最基本的生命系统，下列有关生命系统的各个层次说法正确的是（）A.原子、分子都是生命系统的结构层次B.每种生物都具有生命系统的各个层次C.池塘中的水、阳光等不是生命系统的一部分D.一个大肠杆菌只包含细胞和个体两个层次9. 下列关于细胞的组成物质、结构等的叙述，错误的是A. 细胞核、核糖体、线粒体和叶绿体中均能发生碱基互补配对B. 只有蛋白质和DNA也能组成生物C. 基因通过复制、转录和翻译来控制蛋白质的合成D. 一般而言，新生细胞比衰老细胞的线粒体多10. 下列关于人类遗传病的叙述，正确的是A．母亲患糖元沉积病①型，则其儿子必患该病B．通过染色体组型分析可确定胎儿是否患乙型血友病C．外耳道多毛症患者产生的精子可能不含该致病基因D．蚕豆病患者的苯丙氨酸羟化酶有缺陷，患者进食蚕豆会发病11. 下列关于水的含量的叙述中，不正确的是（）A.水是人体细胞中含量最多的化合物B.细胞的代谢旺盛，自由水的含量增多C.休眠或越冬的植物体内自由水与结合水的比值下降D.衰老的细胞中含水量增多，使细胞裂解死亡12. 下列各生物与相应的结构描述正确的是（）①病毒①蓝细菌①大肠杆菌①草履虫①番茄①衣藻A.除①①①外，其余生物都具有细胞结构B.以上生物中，只有①①两种生物具有叶绿素，能进行光合作用C.①①有拟核，其余的都没有D.以上生物都有核糖体13. 下列属于组成DNA的基本单位的是A. B.C. D.14. 研究人员用秋水仙素处理某二倍体西瓜幼苗，以所得四倍体为母本，授予同种二倍体西瓜的花粉后得到果实。

2020-2021学年江西省南昌大学附中七年级（下）期中语文试卷试题数：13，总分：1201.（单选题，2分）下列字形和加点字注音全部正确的一项是（）A.田垄警报叠起污秽．（suì）深恶．痛绝（wù）B.深宵鞠躬尽瘁愧怍．（zuò）气冲斗．牛（dǒu）C.狂澜妇儒皆知校．对（jiào）锲．而不舍（qì）D.取缔锋芒毕露惩．罚（chěng）鲜．为人知（xiǎn）2.（单选题，2分）下列句子加点词语使用正确的一项是（）A.鲁迅先生的文章，往往通过一些看似微不足道．．．．的事，揭示深刻的社会道理。

B.他毕业后来到落后的家乡任教，一年到头兀兀穷年．．．．，奉献自己的芳华。

C.对于作文中的错字和病句，很多同学不以为然．．．．，认为这些问题不必太较真。

D.当地工商局一举查获了不良商贩沥尽心血．．．．苦心经营的制假窝点。

3.（单选题，2分）下列句子没有语病的是（）A.当前正处在抗击新型冠状病毒疫情关键阶段，维护良好社会秩序和医务人员人身安全，特别是医疗场所秩序，尤为重要。

B.在激烈的市场竞争中，我们所缺乏的，一是勇气不足，二是谋略不当。

C.“戏剧进校园”成效不显著，原因是学生对戏剧不了解、不感兴趣造成的。

D.汉字是世界上最古老的文字之一，在世界上特别是亚洲具有长久而广泛的影响。

4.（单选题，2分）依次填入下面这段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的是（）你怎样对待生活，生活就怎样对待你。

____________．____________．___________，_________．____________．____________，只不过你我未处局中，不知其中滋味而已。

① 迎难而退、明哲保身固然是一种智慧与生活态度② 人生在世，总会遇到这样或者那样的困难与挫折③ 知难而进努力向前更是一种执着和人生哲学④ 很多人从表面看来你可能很羡慕他，但人人都有自己的苦恼⑤ 美学大师蒋勤在《蒋勤劝美》中曾写道：“人生五味，酸甜苦辣咸都要经历才够完美”⑥ 某种程度上说，人活着就是一种态度A. ⑥ ② ① ③ ⑤ ④B. ② ① ⑥ ③ ⑤ ④C. ⑤ ② ① ③ ⑥ ④D. ① ③ ⑤ ⑥ ④ ②5.（单选题，2分）下列有关敬辞和谦辞的表述，正确的一项是（）A.小张一直挂念着被表弟借走的航船模型，他忍不住打了个电话：“你何时把它奉还给我？”B.小方是我的好朋友，她毕业时送我的礼物--一本精美笔记本，我一直惠存着。

江西省南昌市南昌大学附属中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试数学试卷一、单选题1．已知全集{}1,2,3,4,5U =，{}2,4A =，{}1,4,5B =，则()U B A ⋂=ð（）A ．{}3B ．{}4C ．{}1,4D ．{}1,52．函数211x y x -=+-的定义域是（）A ．[)4,-+∞B ．()4,-+∞C ．[)()4,00,-+∞D ．[)()4,11,-+∞ 3．函数2(1)mmy m x -=-为幂函数，则该函数为（）A ．增函数B ．减函数C ．奇函数D ．偶函数4．已知)21fx =+，则()f x =（）A ．()2452x x x -+≥B ．()2432x x x -+≥C ．()2430x x x -+≥D ．()2450x x x -+≥5．函数22()1xf x x =+的图象大致是（）A ．B ．C ．D ．6．已知:,:2p x a q x ><-或0x >，且p 是q 的充分不必要条件，则a 的取值范围是（）A ．2a ≤-B ．0a ≤C ．0a >D ．0a ≥7．已知命题[]:2,0p x ∃∈-，13xa ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭；命题[]:1,2q x ∀∈-，280x ax +-≤若p 为假命题，q为真命题，则实数a 的取值范围为（）A ．[)7,1-B ．[)7,2-C ．[)[]7,12,9-⋃D ．[)[)7,29,∞-⋃+8．已知函数()f x 是定义在R 上奇函数，当0x >时，()x f x x π=+.若222(3)()0f a b f a ab λ⎡⎤++-≥⎣⎦对任意的0b a >>恒成立，则实数λ的取值范围是（）A ．[)6+∞，B ．(]4-∞，C ．(]06，D ．(]6-∞，二、多选题9．下列各组函数中，表示同一个函数的是（）A ．()f x =()g x x =B ．()23f x x x =-与()23g t t t=-C ．()xf x x =与()1,01,0x g x x >⎧=⎨-<⎩D ．()0f x x =与()1g x =10．已知定义在R 上的函数()f x 满足()()()f x y f x f y +=+，当0x >时，()0f x >，()24f =，则（）A ．()00f =B ．()f x 为奇函数C ．()f x 在R 上单调递减D ．当1x <-时，()()22f x f x ->11．已知0a >，0b >，且22a b +=，则下列说法正确的是（）A ．12ab ≥B ．1122a b+≥C ．22a b +的最小值为25D2三、填空题12．命题2R,230x x x ∀∈-+>的否定是．13．已知函数29,1(),1x ax x f x a x x⎧---≤⎪=⎨>⎪⎩在R 上单调递增，则实数a 的取值范围为.14．已知函数12()122x xx f x a +-=--+，存在实数12,,,n x x x 使得()()11n i n i f x f x -==∑成立，若正整数n 的最大值为8，则正实数a 的取值范围是.四、解答题15．（1）计算：1134272(e 1)88-⎛⎫⋅-- ⎪⎝⎭（2）解不等式：3223122x x ++⎛⎫> ⎪⎝⎭16．设全集为R U =，集合{}2780A x x x =-->，{}123B x a x a =+<<-．(1)当6a =时，求A B 和A B⋂R ð(2)在①B A ⋂=∅R ð；②A B B = ；③A B A = 这三个条件中任选一个作为已知条件，求实数a 的取值范围．17．已知定义域为R 的函数()()212xf x a a =-∈+R 是奇函数．(1)判断函数()f x 单调性并用定义证明；(2)若对于任意()1,3t ∈，不等式()()22230f t kt f t -+-<恒成立，求k 的取值范围．18．已知函数2()2f x x mx n =++的图象过点()0,1-，且满足()()12f f -=．(1)求函数()f x 的解析式；(2)求函数()f x 在[],2a a +上的最大值()h a ；(3)若0x 满足()00x x ϕ=，则称0x 为函数()y x ϕ=的不动点．若函数()()g x f x tx t =-+有两个不相等的不动点1x ，2x ，且1>0x ，20x >，求1221x x x x +的最小值．19．若函数()y F x =的定义域为D ，且对于任意的1x 、2x D ∈，“()()12F x F x =”的充要条件是“12x x =”，则称函数()y F x =为D 上的“单值函数”.对于函数()y f x =，记(1)()()f x f x =，(2)()(())f x f f x =，()()()(3)()fx f f f x =，…，()(1)()()()n n f x f f x +=，其中1n =，2，3，…，并对任意的A D ⊆，记集合{}()()()()n n f A f x x A =∈，并规定()()n f ∅=∅.(1)若()21f x x =+，函数()y f x =的定义域为R ，求[]()(2)0,1f 和[]()(3)0,1f ；(2)若函数()y f x =的定义域为D ，且存在正整数m ，使得对任意的x D ∈，()()m f x x =，求证：函数()y f x =为D 上的“单值函数”；(3)设(0,1)a ∈，若函数()y f x =的定义域为(0,1]，且表达式为：(1),0,(),1,x a x a f x x a a x +-<≤⎧=⎨-<≤⎩判断()y f x =是否为(0,1]上的“单值函数”，并证明对任意的区间(0,1]I ⊆，存在正整数k ，使得()()k f I I ≠∅ .。

2022-2023学年江西省南昌大学附中九年级（上）期中历史试卷一、选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分。

）A．都制定出成文法典B．都实行过民主政治C．都诞生于大河流域D．都产生了世界性宗教1．（2分）如图是公元前2500年左右世界文明分布图。

关于图中四大文明的说法正确的是（ ）A．古代希腊文明B．古代印度文明C．古代罗马文明D．古代阿拉伯文明2．（2分）如表所列内容为马克垚主编的《世界文明史》的目录（部分）。

据此推断，第三章的标题应是（ ）第一编农业文明时代第一章古代西亚文明第二章古代埃及文明第三章____________第四章古代中华文明A．金字塔的修建，反映了古巴比伦国王的无限权力B．苏美尔人发明了楔形文字，是研究印度河流域文明的珍贵资料C．《汉谟拉比法典》的内容，说明了家庭奴隶制是古埃及的一大特征D．体现了世界文明的多样性3．（2分）史料实证是历史学科要求的核心素养之一。

观察下列三幅图片，从中得出的信息正确的是（ ）A．0人B．1人C．2人D．3人4．（2分）亚瑟夫是古代雅典的公民，世代经商，家中有妻子露西，夫妇俩还有一个6岁的儿子，另有一个买来的奴隶。

某一天，召开公民大会，这一家有资格参会的人数为（ ）5．（2分）公元前450年左右，罗马共和国颁布《十二铜表法》。

这（ ）A．标志着世界首部成文法诞生B．有利于遏制贵族滥用法律C．消除了平民与贵族间的矛盾D．奠定了近代欧洲民法基础A．德谟克利特--创立逻辑学B．苏格拉底--创作《荷马史诗》C．凯撒--命人编制“儒略历”D．亚里士多德--提出“原子论”6．（2分）下列人物与成就对应正确的一组是（ ）A．主持庭审的是专职法官B．开庭地点设在教堂C．佃户有权拒绝出席庭审D．罚金都归教会所有7．（2分）13世纪的西欧庄园法庭曾留下这样的记录“佃户因为没有认真耕种领主的土地，被罚款6便士”。

假设穿越历史，重回庭审现场，你可以看到（ ）A．加强了世袭贵族的地位B．加速了日本封建化进程C．推动了奴隶制经济发展D．严重削弱了天皇的权力8．（2分）7世纪中叶，日本曾仿效中国唐朝制度实行改革。

2020届南昌大学附属中学高三生物期中考试试题及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下列关于细胞结构与功能的叙述，正确的是（）A.液泡：含有⼤量色素，参与植物对光能的吸收B.中⼤体：普遍存在于动植物细胞中，参与细胞的有丝分裂C.细胞壁：⼤定含有纤维素和果胶，对细胞起⼤持和保护的作⼤D.⼤尔基体：由单层膜构成，主要是对来⼤内质⼤的蛋⼤质进⼤加⼤、分类和包装2. 下列关于用高倍镜观察人的口腔上皮细胞中的线粒体实验的说法，不正确的是（）A.牙签消毒、实验前漱口都是为了保证该实验结果的准确性B.制片时在载玻片上滴一滴质量分数为0.9%的NaCl溶液，以维持细胞的正常形态C.用健那绿染液染色后，在高倍镜下观察，可以看到线粒体呈蓝绿色D.在高倍镜下观察，可以看到线粒体有两层磷脂双分子层3. 下图为人体内细胞免疫的部分过程，其中甲，乙和丙表示相应的物质。

下列叙述错误的是（）A. 图中细胞均能识别抗原，体现了细胞膜的信息交流功能B. 巨噬细胞具有吞噬、处理病原体并呈递抗原的功能C. 图中所示的免疫细胞均由淋巴干细胞分化而来D. 若仅在丙的作用下，细胞毒性T细胞不能大量增殖4. 关于细胞代谢的叙述，正确的是：A. 硝化细菌利用氧化无机物产生的能量合成有机物时需要多种酶的参与B. 马铃薯块茎的无氧呼吸产物会使溴麝香草酚蓝水溶液由蓝变绿再变黄C. 一般情况下，人体内乙醇浓度越高，与乙醇分解相关酶的活性越高D. 乳酸杆菌无氧呼吸也能产生ATP和[H]，但没有[H]的消耗过程5. 下列关于细胞中的元素和化合物的叙述，正确的是（）A.无机自然界中的元素在细胞中都能找到，没有一种元素是细胞所特有的B.组成细胞的化合物都含有C元素C.不同生物组织的细胞中各种化合物的含量是有差别的D.组成细胞的各种元素大多以离子形式存在6. 下列关于遗传、变异与进化的叙述，正确的是（）A. 人体体细胞发生的基因突变属于不可遗传的变异B. 染色体上的基因缺失或重复可导致基因突变C. 新物种的形成一定发生了进化D. 自然选择直接作用于基因型，能决定生物进化方向7. 制备细胞膜时，通常选取的细胞和处理的方法分别是A.猪成熟的红细胞，将其放入生理盐水中B.鸡成熟的红细胞，将其放入蒸馏水中C.猪成熟的红细胞，将其放入蒸馏水中D.鸡成熟的红细胞，将其放入生理盐水中8. 图表示胃蛋白酶活性与温度、pH之间的关系。

2021-2022学年江西省南昌大学附中高二（上）期中语文试卷一、现代文阅读（本大题共3小题，共36.0分）1.阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

德国哲学家雅斯贝尔斯曾经提出“轴心时代”的概念。

他认为，在公元前500年前后，古希腊、以色列、印度和中国几乎同时出现了伟大的思想家，他们都对人类关切的问题提出了独到的看法，形成了不同的文化传统，已经成为人类文化的主要精神财富。

某种意义上说，当今世界多种文化的发展正是在2000多年前的轴心时代的基础上的一次新的飞跃。

据此我们也许可以说，将有一个新的“轴心时代”出现。

在可以预见的一段时间里，各民族、各国家在其经济发展的同时一定会要求发展其自身的文化，因而经济全球化将有利于文化的多元发展。

新轴心时代和前一个轴心时代不同，新的轴心时代必须是在互相影响中发展的。

前一个轴心时代，虽然提出了问题，可都是独立提出来的。

中国讲的天下，就是中国了解的天下，希腊文化也没有考虑到还有一个中国，还有个印度。

而且，那时候有一个很大的问题，中国吸收印度的东西很多，相应地，印度吸收中国的东西非常少。

这实际上是个文化单向传播的问题，原因是中国的文化比较有包容性。

今天不一样了，任何一种文化，都得有全球意识。

现在，每个国家都不仅仅是要解决自己国家的问题，同时也在解决一个全球性的问题。

当然，不能认为古代的问题到现在就没有意义了，古人提出的问题，有些到现在也没有解决。

中国古代就提出的天人关系问题、古希腊提出的理想世界和现实世界关系问题，这些问题人类还要不断地解决下去。

假如我们今天能够进入一个新轴心时代，各种文化之间一定是互相吸收的关系。

21世纪世界文化发展很可能形成若干个重要的文化区：欧美文化区、东亚丈化区、南亚丈化区和中东与北非文化区（伊斯兰文化区），其他还有以色列和散在各地的犹太文化、南美文化，非洲文化等。

这些文化必须好好考虑如何相处的问题。

尤其是前四大文化所覆盖的人口都在10亿以上，一个文化消灭另一个文化没有可能，因为牵扯的人口太多了。