英语语法定语从句
基础知识学习
定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名次或代词即现行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：which、that、who、whom 、whose 关系副词有：when 、where、why 定语从句的引导词既起引导从句的作用，同时又担任从句的主语、宾语、定语（whose）、和状语，在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略，在非限制性定从中不可省。
考点一、由which、that引导的定从，在从句中作主语、宾语，指物
The building which/that stands near the river is our school.
I lost the book (which/that)you gave me.
考点二、由who、whom、that、whose在从句中主语、宾语、定语
This is the man who/that helped me.
I don’t know the man (who/whom/that)you talked with.
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.
the roof of which has fallen in.
of which the roof has fallen in.
考点三、使用关系副词应注意下列几点：
1. 关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+ which结构：
when = on (in, at, during…) + which where = in (at, on…) + which why = for which
I was in Beijing on the day when (= on which) he arrived.
The office where (= in which) he works is on the third floor.
This is the chief reason why (= for which) we did it.
2. 当先行词是表时间和表地点的词时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which 或that; 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when 或where，I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.
I’ll neve r forget the days which / that we spent together last summer.
His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.
His father works in a factory which / that makes radio parts.
3. when 和where 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。
考点四、只用that 的情形
1. 先行词是不定代词all, (a)little, few, much,none, everything, something, anything, nothing,等
All that can be done has been done.
2. 先行词被all, any, no, much, little, few, every 等限定词所修饰时。
We heard clearly every word that he said
3. 先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
4. 先行词被序数词修饰时
The first English novel (that) I read was A Tale of Two Cities.
5. 先行词被the only, the very 修饰时
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
6. 先行词既有人又有物时
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
7. 当特殊疑问词由who或which 引导时，为避免重复，常用that代替who或which
Who is the man that is standing by the door?
Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday?
8. 当先行词在主句中做表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be..
考点五、“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句
1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只用which 或whom ，关系代词不能省略
This is the house in which Shakespeare used to live.
In the dark street, there wasn’t single person to whom she could turn for help.
Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
2.复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构常与先行词用逗号分开，定
语从句常用倒装语序
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.
3.介词+which/whom +不定式结构“
in which to live.
The poor man has no house in which he can live.
to live in.
考点六、关系代词as，which引导定语从句时的区别
1. As与which 都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子，有时可以互换，但是，当非限制性
定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as,不能用which。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
=It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
=What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
2. 当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。如：be known, be said, be reported. be
announced等。如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。
She has been absent again, as is expected.
Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy.
3. as常用在As is often the case; as (it) seems likely, as {it} often happens, as (it) was pointed
out, as (it) was said earlier, as I remember (it),as I understand (it), as (it) appears等结构中。
Jack has won the first prize, as it often happen. (像往常一样)
As is pointed out, this is grammar problem.
考点七、定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致
1. one of + 复数名词+ 关系代词+ 复数动词
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that have draw lots of visitors.
2. the (only) one of + 复数名词+ 关系代词+ 单数动词
The Great Wall is the only (one) of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
考点八、几种较为复杂的定语从句
1．way 后面的定.语从句
The way that/ in which/× he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2. such + 名词+ as … 像…一样的，像…之类
+ 名词+ as… 和…同样的
He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.（定从）
He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him. （结果状从）
但先行词被the same修饰时，that 也可引导定从，但意义有所不同。
This is the same watch as I lost. (指同样或同类的)
This is the same watch that I lost. （指同一个）
英语语法名词性从句
基础知识学习
Aims：
1.以辨析引导词的用法为主,以鉴别不同句型及领悟句意为切入点对引导词的选取进行把握，既注重引导词之间的语法功能差异又注重语意差异。
2.将名词性从句与强调句型、定语从句、状语从句等融合起来训练，提升学生对基本知识的掌握运用和分析句式结构、辨析各种从句的能力。
3.能辨析运用what和that引导的名词性从句。
考点1主语从句
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免“头”重“脚”轻,用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。
That he was chosen made us very happy. 他当选了使我们很高兴。
What caused the accident is a complete mystery. 是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜。Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否来还是一个问题。
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾。
考点2表语从句
在句子中充当表语的句子叫表语从句。可接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem, appear. become, turn, get等。注意连词that 不能省略，另外要注意as if, as though, because, why等也可以引导表语从句。如：
The problem is who can be sent to replace him. 问题是能派谁去顶替他。
The reason why he got angry with me is that he got ill that day.
注:从属连词because可以引导表语从句,引出的是原因;而why引出的是结果。
用because和why填空
That he came late is ______ he missed the early train..
He missed the early train. That is _________ he came late.
考点3宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,一般放在动词、介词或形容词后。一般来说,引导宾语从句的that可省略,但在下列情况下不可省略:
(1) 宾语从句被分割时:We don’t doubt, in any case, that he keeps his promise.
(2) 宾语从句不止一个时，从第二个起:Everyone could see what was happening and that poor Mary was nearly frightened.
(3) 宾语从句放在介词except, but, in之后时:He is a good student except that he is careless.
在宾语从句中，语序要注意是陈述句语序；主句与宾语从句之间时态要相互照应。
在考试中常考查
（1）用it作形式宾语,而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。
He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他已经表明他是不会屈服的。
(2)插入语
如do you think / believe / suppose / expect / imagine后接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,疑问词要放在句首。
What do you think is going on outside? 你认为外边出了什么事?
(3) 否定转移及含有宾语从句复合句的反意疑问句
I / we (don’t) think / believe / suppose / expect / imagine后接宾语从句时,反意疑问句要与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。
I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我看他不在乎,是吗?
(4)在宾语从句中,引导词whether和if基本一致,但介词后的宾语从句要用whether。
It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation. 这得看我们能否得到他们的合作。
(5)动词doubt如用于肯定句,其后的宾语从句要用whether / if引导,如用于否定句或疑问句,则宾语从句要用that引导。
I doubt if / whether our football team will win the match. 我怀疑我们的足球队能否赢得这场比赛。
I don’t doubt that I can defeat him in the contest. 我相信我能在比赛中战胜他。
（6）that的省略；（7）虚拟语气的应用；
考点4同位语从句
1. 从句在句子中充当同位语的句子叫同位语从句。能接同位语的名词常见的有belief, fact,
idea, doubt, news, conclusion, reason, opinion, possibility, promise, cause, explanation等。
2. 注意区别由that引导的同位语从句和定语从句。
I’ve heard the news that he told you the other day. (定语从句)
I’ve heard the news that he visited our factory.( 同位语从句)
考点5what引导的名词性从句
what既有引导从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等),这时what相当于all that / everything that / the things / that等。
What we can’t get seems better than what we have. 我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的要好。This plant grows best in what is now the United States. 这种植物在现在的美国生长得最好。
考点6引导词who与whoever的区别
whoever引导名词性从句时,相当于anyone who或those who,它既是从句的主语或宾语,又是主句的主语或宾语。而who只作从句的主语或宾语,它引导的从句才是主句的主语或宾语。Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 帮助救落水女孩的人值得表扬。Who will be elected the president does n’t make much difference to me.谁当选总统对我来说不
怎么重要。
考点7引导词what与whatever的区别
whatever引导名词性从句时,与what差不多,但语气上更强些,相当于anything that,有“……任何一切……”之意。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 一般来说,小孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。
This is exactly what I want. 这正是我要的。
考点8whoever与no matter who; whatever与no matter what的区别
whoever与whatever既可以引导名词性从句,也可以引导让步状语从句;no matter who与no matter what只能引导让步状语从句。
Whoever (= No matter who) you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是谁,你都不能通过这条路。Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁干了这件工作一定要得到报酬。
考点9名词性从句的语序
名词性从句一律用陈述语序。
No one will be sure what man will look like in a million years.
没人知道百万年后人会是什么样子。
考点10名词性从句的语气
1.表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的动词,后接that引导的宾语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即“should + 动词原形”,should可省略。
Bob’s doctor suggests that he (should) rest for a few days.鲍勃的医生建议他休息几天。
2.表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词,后接that引导的同位语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即“should + 动词原形”,should可省略。
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.这是我们唯一的要求:尽快解决这个问题。
3.主语是表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词,后面是that引导的表语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即“should + 动词原形”,should可省略。
Her suggestion was that they (should) carry on their conversation in French. 她提议她们继续用法语进行对话。
从句专项练习
1. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
2.____ you don’t like him is none of my business.
3. ______ we’ll go camping depends on _____ it will be fine tomorrow.
4. _____ she comes or not makes no difference.
5. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
6. The question is ____ it is worth doing.
7. There is some doubt ____he will come./ There is no doubt ____he will come.
8. That’s the new machine _____ parts are too small to be seen.
9. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
10. _____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
11. It is said that the famous football star is not willing to play for ______ would pay him three million dollars a year.
12. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.
13. It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
14. Go and get your coat. It’s ____ you left it.
15. A lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
16. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _____ I disagree.
17. --- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
--- Is that _____ you had a few days off?
18. I remember ____ this used to be a quiet village.
19. ---Do you remember____ he came? --- Yes, I do, he came by car.
20. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____ he or she wants
21. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
22. _____we can’t get comes be tter than ____ we have.
23. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do.
24. The air quality in the city, ___is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
25. It is pretty well understood ____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
26. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
27. A modern city has been set up in _____ was a wasteland ten years ago.
28. Do you have any idea ___ is actually going on in the classroom?
29. See the flags on the building? That was_____ we did this morning.
30. By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
31. America was ____ was first called “India” by Columbus.
32. _____ troubles me most is _____ I don’t know how to calm the sick old man.
33. I think it is ____ you are working yourself too much.
34. The reason ____ I plan to go is ____ she will be disappointed ____ I don’t.
35.Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales.
36. Danby left word with my secretary ____ he would call again in the afternoon.
37. Do _____ you think is right, ________ they say.
38. It’s known to us _______ there is pollution, there is harm.
39. He made a promise _____ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.
40.Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from ________ you received gifts?
41. It was at the very beginning ___ Mr. Fox made the decision ___ we should send more firefighters here.
42. I would appreciate if you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment.
43. It is very exciting _____ we are passing the flame(传递火炬)in Shenzhen.
44. What we feel excited is ______ we are passing the flame in Shenzhen now.
45. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_ I would be staying.
46. We are excited about news _____ we are passing the flame in Shenzhen.
47. The news Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
48. The news he told me yesterday is true.
49. There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.
50. The news he told me is that Mike would go abroad next year.
51. The news Mike would go abroad next year is told by him.
52. She expressed the hope they would come to visit Shanghai again.
53. The hope she expressed is they would come to visit Shanghai again.
54. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ______ visitors can watch the bid glasshouses being built.
55. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.
56. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
57. I am very interested in _______ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.
58. ____________ we need is more time.
59. The fact _____ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
60. _________ and _________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
61. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China , he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
62. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
63. Is that ____________ you are looking for?
64. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is?
65. I don’t know ____________ he will a gree to the plan or not.
66. Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.
67.___________you now see is a painting by Vincent van Gogh.
68. California was once a colony of Spain. This is _______ today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first second language.
68. I asked him _______ he would be at work on Friday.
69. Everybody wondered __________ the professor went. They didn’t see him for the whole morning.
70. What the doctors really doubt is _____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
71._________ they were in contract with on the day of the robbery is of great interest to the police.
72. I didn’t know _________ I should believe him or not.
73._______ I can’t understand is _______ so many housewives are interested in Korean dramas.
74. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _______ you want to use it for.
75._________ the baby fell from the window is still a mystery.
定语从句语法归纳及练习 一、语法知识归纳 基本概念 （一）定语从句 在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 （二）先行词 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。 但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。 （三）关系代词和关系副词 定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从 句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外， as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。 关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。 小总结：关系词的作用有哪些？ 二、关系代词的用法 （一）基本用法 根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。 如下表： 例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） ① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （________） ② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （________） ③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （________）
④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （________） ⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （________） 注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例③④） （二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况 which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。 但在有些情况下，只用that。 (1)先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。 例如：① This is the best that has been used against pollution. ② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. ⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。 例如：① This is the last place (that) I want to visit. ② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen. ⑶先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。 例如：① You should hand in all that you have. ② We haven’t got much that we can offer you. ⑷先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。 例如：① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. ② The little money (that) he had was stolen. (5)以which或who开头的问句 例如：Who is the man that is standing over there? （6）先行词既有人又有物时。 例如：① Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ② The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. （7）主句已有疑问词who 或which时。 例如：① Which is the bike that you lost? ② Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? （三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况 ⑴先行词是one, ones, anyone时。 例如：① One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. ② Don’t tell anyone about the news who should n’t to know it. ⑵先行词是those时。 例如：① Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. （四）与whose有关的问题 ⑴ whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。 例如：① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. ② Please show me the book whose cover is red. ⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。 例如：① The building ,whose roof is red, will be a new restaurant. → The building, the roof of which is red ,will be a new restaurant.或 → The building, of which the roof is red ,will be a new restaurant. 三、介词前提的问题 关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。 例如：Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词with的宾语） →Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 但是，要注意的是：⑴介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或
高中英语语法——定语从句 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
定语从句 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。 一、定语从句重点备考 考点1：关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的运用以及that和which的区别使用。 考点2：定语从句与强调句和同位语从句的区别。 考点3：“介词＋关系代词”与关系词whose和which作定语的区别。如：whose book ＝the book of whom等；关系副词when，where，why和“介词＋which”之间 的关系。 考点4：关系副词、关系代词的区别运用。近几年来，关系词where引导的不表示具体真实地点的定语从句是常考的热点，要着重复习。 二、一眼看穿定语从句 （1）定语从句中缺一成分，缺的这个成分就是先行词。 （2）在所有的从句中，只有定语从句中缺成分。如果从句中却成分，那一定是定语从句。 （3）定语从句和主句之间没有连词，但是有关系词，相当于连词，起连词的作用。 也就是说，在两个句子之间存在连词的话，就一定不是定语从句。
做题独家秘笈：不用专门去背什么时候只能用that不能用which，什么时候又只能用which 不能用that。 做题时确定是that和which二选一之时， 只要空格前没有“逗号”和“介词”那就选填that。
练习 一、过关斩将 1. I shall never forget those years I lived in the country with the farmers, has a great effect on my life. A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who 2. I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together. A. when, which B. which, when C. what, that D. on which, when 3. Is this the house Jim was born? A. at where B. which C. in which D. at that 4. Is this house Jim bought last year? A. that B. where C. the one D. which that 5. The house roof was damaged has now been repaired. A. that B. of which C. whose D. who’s 二、前世今生 1. I will never forget the day I came to Princeton High School on. I will never forget the day I came to Princeton High School. 2. Princeton High School is the school I am studying in. Princeton High School is the school I am studying. 3. Could you tell me the reason you are late for? Could you tell me the reason you are late? 三、藕断丝连 1. This is the very knife which I used to cut apples. 2. The speed which you drive your car mustn’t too high. 3. He referred me to some reference books which I am not very familiar. 4. She gave us a lovely lesson which all the students are very interested. 5. What were the things which he was not too sure?
定语从句 在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。 一、关系词 有关系代词和关系副词两种 （一）关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that，as等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 What was the name of the man who lent you the money？ 借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词the man） He who laughs last laughs best.
谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词he） The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right. 会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。 （定语从句修饰先行词the chairman） 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。 There are some people (whom/who)we like and others (whom/who) we dislike. 有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。 （定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others） The people whom I work with are all friendly. 和我一起工作的人都很友好。 （定语从句修饰先行词the people,介词后） Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan. 昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。 （非限制性定语从句中不能用who代替whom） Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. 两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用who） 3．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。 There are some people whose faces you can never forget. 有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词people） I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air. 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词trees） 4．which (1)指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。 English is a language which is easy to learn. 英语是一门容易学的语言。（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略） This is a folk song which is now very popular. 这是目前非常流行的一首民谣（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）
高中英语语法：定语从句篇 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同
as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one 等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。
定语从句 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，在从句中指代前面的先行词，在从句中担任一定的成分。 Ex：the pupils who had been watching started to applaud. 一直在旁边看的小学生们开始鼓掌起来。 Who引导的定语从句，指代先行词pupils,在句中做主语。 I shall never forget the day when I entered the university. 我永远不会忘记上大学的那一天。 When引导的定语从句指代the day，在句中做时间状语。 主要思路： 1、关系代词引导的定语从句 2、关系副词引导的定语从句 3、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 4、A s引导的定语从句以及与其他关系词的比较 5、“介词+关系代词“引导的定语从句 6、关系代词和关系副词的选择 7、关系词和先行词的分离 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、 Ex: he is a man who/that means what he says 他是一个说话算话的人 The boy (whom/that) you saw yesterday is here now 你昨天见到的那个男孩现在就在这里 The car which/that was stolen has been found
偷走的车已经找到了 2、使用关系代词应注意的问题 ○1、关系代词做介词的宾语，只能用whom,不用who,如果介词在句尾，都可以用。 Ex: This is the girl who/whom he worked with This is the girl with whom he worked 这就是和他一起工作的那个女孩。 ○2、当whose代替物时，就相当于of which. Ex::the house whose window are broken is unoccupied The house of which window are broken is unoccupied 窗子破了的那所房子没人住。 ○3、which除了指物外，还可指婴儿，动物和表示单数意义的集合词。也可指人的地位，职业和品格。 Ex:the baby which the nurse brought in was born yesterday 护士抱进来的那个因而是昨天出生的。 The audience which is composed entirely of students is larger than ever 全部由学生组成的观众人数比以前多。 He is exactly the man which such an education was likely to form 他正是这样的教育所能造就出来的人。 3、只能用that，不用which、who、whom的几种情况。 ○1、当先行词是all、everything、nothing|、something、anything、little|、much、none、few等不定代词时。 Ex: professor li has told us something that we should do in the summer vacation Professor li 已经告诉我们暑假应该做的事。 He knew everything that happened in the village 他知道在这个乡村发生的所有事。
定语从句2 导言 说英文中一个大句 译时注意这一语言差异，对掌握英语很有帮助。 定语从句是将定语扩大成一个完整句子，由关系代词或副词引导，放在所要修饰的名词之后，通常称被修饰的名词为先行词。 ● 主系定语从句表语 先行词关系代词在从句中做主语 ▲由关系代词引导的定语从句 who代替人,在从句中做主语或宾语。 which代替物，在从句中做主语或宾语。 whom代替人，在从句中做宾语。 that可以与who which whom换用。
● 主系定语从句表语 定语从句 先行词关系代词在从句中做主语 ● 主系定语从句表语 定语从句 先行词关系代词在从句中做主语 ● 主系定语从句表语 ● 定语从句主语表语 注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句练习
1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. 5.. 6.? 7.. 8.. 9. . 孙老师特别提示： 请网上的同学务必要自己做一下上面的句子，然后再听老师的讲解。基本句型的好坏将直接影响到高考作文分数的高低。我们发现很多好学生写出的句子存在着大量的错误，请同学们注意改正，避免在高考中丢分。 定语从句练习答案 1.. The girt who you met yesterday is my teacher’s sister . 2..
The old lady who you had looked after died yesterday. 3.. The wallet that you picked up yesterday is my teacher’s. 4.. The building which is being built is our new library. The building which they are building is our new library. 5.. The girt that you want to marry is a thief. 6.? Who 7.. The wallet which I lost yesterday is in the bag of our monitor. 8.. The BMW which I had bought was stolen. 9. . A person who knows “how” will find a job and a person who knows “why” will be a boss .
高中英语语法 定语从句 一、基本概念 定语(形容词性) 形容词 名词 前置定语 后置定语 名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。有时是短语或者句子。 关系词 who whom whose 关系代词 that which as 关系副词 when where why 关系词的3个作用： (1)引导定语从句。 (2)代替先行词。 (3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。 五大关系 主谓 动宾 副动 介宾 偏正 ( 先行词与定从中的某个词之间的关系 ) The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all. The reason why he failed the examination is that he had not made any preparation for it. I love a room whose window is large . This is my friend Wang Gang about whom my father told me a lot .
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 三、重/难/考点 （一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况 1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing, something, few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时（重点：常考！） (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little that I can do for you. 2. 当先行词被序数词修饰 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 (1) This is the best film that I have seen. 4. 当先行词被the very= just the, the only , the last修饰时（重点：常考！） (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
英语语法定语从句 基础知识学习 定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名次或代词即现行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：which、that、who、whom 、whose 关系副词有：when 、where、why 定语从句的引导词既起引导从句的作用，同时又担任从句的主语、宾语、定语（whose）、和状语，在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略，在非限制性定从中不可省。 考点一、由which、that引导的定从，在从句中作主语、宾语，指物 The building which/that stands near the river is our school. I lost the book (which/that)you gave me. 考点二、由who、whom、that、whose在从句中主语、宾语、定语 This is the man who/that helped me. I don’t know the man (who/whom/that)you talked with. Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in. the roof of which has fallen in. of which the roof has fallen in. 考点三、使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1. 关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+ which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which where = in (at, on…) + which why = for which I was in Beijing on the day when (= on which) he arrived. The office where (= in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (= for which) we did it. 2. 当先行词是表时间和表地点的词时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which 或that; 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when 或where，I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I’ll neve r forget the days which / that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which / that makes radio parts. 3. when 和where 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。 考点四、只用that 的情形 1. 先行词是不定代词all, (a)little, few, much,none, everything, something, anything, nothing,等 All that can be done has been done. 2. 先行词被all, any, no, much, little, few, every 等限定词所修饰时。 We heard clearly every word that he said 3. 先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
定语从句总结 先行词为人时： 关系代词 从句中缺主语时，who；that；不能省略 从句缺宾语，who; that ;whom，可省略； （介词后只能跟whom） 从句缺定语指代’s ，whose 先行词为物时： 关系代词 从句缺主语时，which；that；不能省略 从句缺宾语时，which；that；可省略；（介词后只能跟which） 从句缺定语指代’s，whose 先行词为时间： 从句缺时间状语时，关系副词when(也可prep+which) 从句缺主语宾语时，which；that 先行词为地点：从句缺地点状语时，关系副词where(也可prep+which) 从句缺主语宾语时，which；that 先行词为reason：从句缺缘由状语时，why / for which 从句缺主语宾语时，which；that 非限制性定语从句(带,的定语从句) 1.As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 2.It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park．(which 指代前面这个事) 3. He keeps a diary, which everybody knows. (which 指代know的宾语) (1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,
which不行。 (2)as常带有“正如”的意思 As we know , smoking is harmful to one's health. As is know n, smoking is harmful to one's health. It is known that smoking is harmful. (主语从句) (3)the same… as；such…as 中的as 是固定结构, I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 特殊说明： 1常考名词的定语从句：case，point， stage，situation；定语从句中主语 宾语齐全用where；定语从句中缺 主语宾语用which或that 2 way做先行词，定语从句中的 关系词用that; in which;不填 3 用逗号隔开，起补充说明作用的 非限制限制性定语从句，无论 先行词是什么，都不用that 4 众所周知： As is known(to all)，… It is known (to all)that 5 正如 As was reported, (It was reported that) As was announced,
定语从句 1. 定语从句的概念。 在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句，定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，所以又成为形容词性从句。 2. 定语从句的构成。 定语从句中，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；指代先行词，放在先行词和定 语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句的某个成分的词叫关系词（又 分为关系代词和关系副词）。
3. 关系代词引导的定语从句。 关系代词在句中起连接、替代的作用，充当一定的成分，它的人称、数必须和先行词保持一直。 A. that 引导的定语从句 that 既可以指人，也可以指物，指人时可与who, whom 互换；指物时可与which 互换。that 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 The city has tall buildings that are close to each other. 注：that 作介词宾语时，介词不能提到that 之前；若介词提前，指人时用whom ，指物时用which 。 He is the person to whom you should write. B. which 引导的定语从句
which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语/宾语等。在句中作主语时，which 不能省略；作宾语时，可以省略（放在介词后除外）。 C. who/whom 引导的定语从句 两者都用于指人， who 在句中作主语/宾语/表语；whom 在句中作宾语。作宾语时，who/whom 可以省略（放在介词后除外）。 注：定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom 可以用who 来代替，但当whom 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom 前面时，不能用who 代替。 The woman to whom I just talked is Mary. = The woman who/whom I just talked to is mary. 注：先行词为one, ones, anyone, those 时，指人的关系代词用who ；双重定语从句中，当一个定语从句的关系代词是that 时，另一个人指人的关系代词也要用who 。 Anyone who laughs last laughs best. D. whose 引导的定语从句
定语从句 一定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后. 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词. 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who，whom，whose, as等;关系副词有when，where，why等 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 注意:弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键. 二关系代词引导的定语从句 1。who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way。昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics。那就是教我们物理的老师。 2。whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see。李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor （whom）you are waiting for has come。你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl （whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor。老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys。足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书. This is the pen （which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film (which） they went to see last night was not interesting at all。他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有. 4. that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。.在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人. Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ The person （that/whom）you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。 The season that/which comes after spring is summer。春天之后的季节是夏季. I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事. The dress （that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5. whose 指人、物皆可,与后面的名词有所属关系,在定语从句中做定语。
高中英语语法总结大全之定语从句 定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
高中英语语法：定语从句 1．that that在定语从句中可以指人也可以指物， 在从句中作主语或宾语，但不能放在介词后作介词宾语。如： The eggs that I bought yesterday were not fresh.我昨天买的鸡蛋不新鲜。 I prefer dumplings that have just been cooked. 我更喜欢吃刚煮出来的饺子。 指物时that和which可以互换，但下面几种情况通常用that引导定语从句，不能用which。 （l）当先行词有最高级修饰或本身就是最高级时。如： This book is the most difficult one that I have ever read. 这本书是我所读过的最难的一本书。 The best that I could do was to apologize 我能做的最好的事情就是道歉。 （2）当先行词有序数词修饰或本身就是序数词时。如： Here are two students，the third that you want is to come in a minute.这儿有两个学生，你要的第三个学生一会儿就来。 The second school that I visited here was Yucai Middle School.我在这儿所参观的第二所学校是育才中学。 （3）当先行词是all，something，anything,little,much，none等不定代词时。如： There is little that I can do to make up for the lost time.我没有办法弥补所丢失的时间。 All that is worth doing is worth doing well. 值得做的就值得做好。 （4）当先行词前有only，all，any，no等词修饰时。如： There are no people that things must not happen to.没有人