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高中英语语法讲解定语从句

高中英语语法讲解定语从句

高中英语语法讲解定语从句

定语从句(Attributi ve Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名

词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出

现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有:when, where, why等。

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充

当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从

句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1)who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,假设指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮助。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主

语、宾语等,例如:

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to e unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句

中作状语。

1)when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which“结

构,因此常常和”介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:

There are oasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人

都有不得不屈服的时候。

Bei g is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我

的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

2)that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被

省略,例如:

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he

was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词那么要求用关系副词。例如:

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)

(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum you visited a few days age?

A. where

B. that

C. on which

D. the one

例2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held.

A. where

B. that

C. on which

D. the one

答案:例1 D,例2 A

例1变为肯定句: This museum is you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句: This is the museum the exhibition was held.

在句1中,所缺局部为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D.

而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句局部为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A.

关系词的'选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的局部,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:

This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)

2) 领先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2)that前不能有介词。

3) 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that.As一般放在句首,which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

典型例题

1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, came as a surprise.

A. it

B. that

C. which

D. he

答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用

which,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2)The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. it

答案B.which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连

接的两个句子并在一起在语法上行不通。

3)It rained hard yesterday, prevented me from going to the park.

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. it

答案B.

as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:

(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。

(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;假设为行为动词,那么从句中的关系代词只能用which.

在此题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B.

As 的用法

例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构,和……一样……。

I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当

从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。

八、先行词和关系词二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.

(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.

(what 可以用all that代替)

what/whatever/that……

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.

(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.

(what 可以用all that代替)

九、关系代词that的用法

1)不用that的情况

a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b) 介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a)在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which.

b)在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which.

c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that.

d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that.

e)先行词既有人,又有物时。

举例:

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察

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高中英语语法:定语从句精华知识点复习

定语从句 在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句,所以,也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。 一、关系词 有关系代词和关系副词两种 (一)关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that,as等。它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。 What was the name of the man who lent you the money? 借钱给你的那人叫什么名字?(定语从句修饰先行词the man) He who laughs last laughs best.

谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。(定语从句修饰先行词he) The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right. 会议主席坐在我右边,他先发言。 (定语从句修饰先行词the chairman) 2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中,whom可省略或可用who来代替,但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。 There are some people (whom/who)we like and others (whom/who) we dislike. 有些人我们是喜欢的,有些人则是我们讨厌的。 (定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others) The people whom I work with are all friendly. 和我一起工作的人都很友好。 (定语从句修饰先行词the people,介词后) Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan. 昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过,他对我们的计划很感兴趣。 (非限制性定语从句中不能用who代替whom) Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. 两个人来到我的办公室,我以前从未见过他们。(在介词后面不用who) 3.whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语,后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。 There are some people whose faces you can never forget. 有些人,他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。(定语从句修饰先行词people) I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air. 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。(定语从句修饰行词trees) 4.which (1)指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。 English is a language which is easy to learn. 英语是一门容易学的语言。(which在定语从句中作主语,不能省略) This is a folk song which is now very popular. 这是目前非常流行的一首民谣(which在定语从句中作主语,不能省略)

高中英语语法讲解定语从句

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它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主 语、宾语等,例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to e unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语) 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句 中作状语。 1)when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which“结 构,因此常常和”介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如: There are oasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人 都有不得不屈服的时候。 Bei g is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我 的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 2)that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被 省略,例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

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高中英语语法知识总结:定语从句 下面就是小编给大家带来的高中英语语法知识总结:定语从句,希望能帮助到大家! 高中英语语法知识总结:定语从句 易错点1 关系代词与关系副词的混用 1.定语从句相当于一个形容词,起定词作用,修饰名词或代词 2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:( 1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。 3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词,决不要因先行词是时间名词就用when,是地点名词就用where。 易错点2 关系代词who、whom、whose的误用 对于定语从句关系词的考查,首先要确定从句是什么类型的从句,然后再分析关系词在从句中的成分,最后选择正确的词。要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力,和理解能力。如果缺少主宾表,要用that或which,缺少状语用关系副词when,where,why,缺少定语用whose。 易错点3 关系代词that和which的误用 只用which,不能用that的情况 (1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成"介词+关系代词"结构来修饰表事物的先行词时,关系代词必须用which.如: ☞The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 注意:如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首,which就可换为that,如: ☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。

高中英语定语从句讲解及练习

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高中英语定语从句详解

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定语从句2 导言 说英文中一个大句 译时注意这一语言差异,对掌握英语很有帮助。 定语从句是将定语扩大成一个完整句子,由关系代词或副词引导,放在所要修饰的名词之后,通常称被修饰的名词为先行词。 ● 主系定语从句表语 先行词关系代词在从句中做主语 ▲由关系代词引导的定语从句 who代替人,在从句中做主语或宾语。 which代替物,在从句中做主语或宾语。 whom代替人,在从句中做宾语。 that可以与who which whom换用。

● 主系定语从句表语 定语从句 先行词关系代词在从句中做主语 ● 主系定语从句表语 定语从句 先行词关系代词在从句中做主语 ● 主系定语从句表语 ● 定语从句主语表语 注:关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句练习

1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. 5.. 6.? 7.. 8.. 9. . 孙老师特别提示: 请网上的同学务必要自己做一下上面的句子,然后再听老师的讲解。基本句型的好坏将直接影响到高考作文分数的高低。我们发现很多好学生写出的句子存在着大量的错误,请同学们注意改正,避免在高考中丢分。 定语从句练习答案 1.. The girt who you met yesterday is my teacher’s sister . 2..

The old lady who you had looked after died yesterday. 3.. The wallet that you picked up yesterday is my teacher’s. 4.. The building which is being built is our new library. The building which they are building is our new library. 5.. The girt that you want to marry is a thief. 6.? Who 7.. The wallet which I lost yesterday is in the bag of our monitor. 8.. The BMW which I had bought was stolen. 9. . A person who knows “how” will find a job and a person who knows “why” will be a boss .

高中英语定语从句讲解

定语从句 Ⅰ. 概念: (1) 定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句;2) 必在定语从句中担当一个成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语);3)代替先行词。 常用的关系代词: that,which,who,whom,whose常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语) when、why、where 定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语); 第三选择合适的关系词。 Ⅱ. 关系代词: ●that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,在从句中作宾语时常可省略。(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(不能用于非限制性定语从句; that前不能有介词) 如:1.What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? 2. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. ●which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,做宾语时可省略。如: The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.(宾语) ●who, whom, whose: who:在从句中作主语、宾语,只可指人。whom:在从句中作宾语,只可指人。whose:在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。 1.All who heard the story were amazed. (先行词是any, those, all,one,ones时用who) 2.He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.(宾语) 3.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.(人) 4.I'd like a room whose window faces south. (物)▲关系代词作介词宾语: 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末.) This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组,不可前置。类似的还有look at, look for, look after, take care of等) Ⅲ. 关系副词:关系副词=介词+关系代词(作状语) why=for which(先行词一般是reason)where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) ●When 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词 I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.(作状语) ●Where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词 This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. (作状语)

高中英语语法:定语从句深层讲解(含四部分)

定语从句讲解 一、详细的定语从句讲解 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。 (一)限定性定语从句 1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句 6. when引导定语从句表示时间 〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格 8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导 (二)非限定性定语从句:

【高中英语】英语语法讲解之定语从句

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高中语法解析定语从句的省略

高中语法解析定语从句的省略定语从句是英语语法中常见的句子结构,它能够用来修饰名词或代词。在定语从句中,我们经常会遇到省略现象,即省略关系词或主语。本文就定语从句中省略的相关问题进行解析和讨论。 一、省略关系词 定语从句中的关系词通常包括关系代词和关系副词。当主句和定语 从句的主语或宾语相同,并且从句中的谓语动词是及物动词时,我们 可以省略关系词。 例如: - This is the book (that/which) I borrowed from the library.(这是我从 图书馆借的书。) - The person (whom/who) I met yesterday is a famous writer.(我昨天 见的那个人是一位著名作家。) 在这两个例句中,关系词“that/which”和“whom/who”可以省略,因 为它们在从句中充当的角色与主句中的词相同。 二、省略主语 当定语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同,并且主语在定语从句中 不是从句的主要讨论对象时,我们可以省略定语从句中的主语。 例如:

- This is the girl (who/that) won the singing competition.(这是赢得歌唱比赛的女孩。) - The car (which/that) I bought last year is now broken.(我去年买的那辆车现在坏了。) 在这两个例句中,关系词“who/that”和“which/that”可以省略,因为它们在从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同。 三、省略宾语 当定语从句中的宾语与主句中的宾语相同,并且宾语在从句中不是从句的主要讨论对象时,我们可以省略定语从句中的宾语。 例如: - This is the book (which/that) I'm reading.(这是我正在阅读的书。)- He showed me the picture (which/that) he took in Paris.(他给我看了他在巴黎拍的照片。) 在这两个例句中,关系词“which/that”可以省略,因为它们在从句中的宾语与主句中的宾语相同。 四、注意事项 在使用省略的时候,需要注意以下几点: - 如果省略关系词后的谓语动词需要宾语补语,那么不能省略关系词。

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